awesome-quantum-computing/README.md

# Awesome Quantum Computing [![Awesome](https://awesome.re/badge.svg)](https://awesome.re)

[<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/desireevl/awesome-quantum-computing/master/logo.png" align="right" width="110">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing)

[Quantum computing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing) utilises quantum mechanical phenomenon such as entanglement and superposition to manipulate qubits to perform computation on a quantum computer. Currently available are tools to create and run programs on publicly usable quantum computers as well as resources to learn about them. 

This is a curated list of up-to-date resources on learning about and developing on quantum computers. The goal is to build a categorised community-driven collection of up to date, high quality resources. 

Sharing, suggestions and contributions are always welcome! Please take a look at the contribution guidelines and quality standard first. Thanks to all contributors, you're awesome and it wouldn't be possible without you!

## Contents

- [Learning](#learning)
- [MOOCs](#moocs)
- [Development Tools](#development-tools)
- [Blogs](#blogs)
- [Books](#books)
- [Videos](#videos)
- [Community](#community)
- [Podcasts](#podcasts)
- [Content in Non-English Languages](#content-in-non-english-languages)

For further resources related to Open Source Quantum Software Projects, please check out qosf's [repo](https://github.com/qosf/os_quantum_software).

## Learning

- [An Interactive Introduction to Quantum Computing](https://davidbkemp.github.io/QuantumComputingArticle/) - Interactive learning for quantum gate computing by David Kemp.
- [Black Opal](https://q-ctrl.com/black-opal) - An interactive platform for learning the fundamentals of quantum computing.
- [CNOT](https://cnot.io/) - Easy to understand, step by step introduction to quantum computing concepts.
- [Chris Ferrie](https://csferrie.medium.com/) - Univeristy Professor in Sydney, Australia, author of Quantum Computing for babies (and many more) as well as excellent Quantum Computing lectures on Medium.
- [Documentation for Forest and pyQuil](http://pyquil.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) - Tutorials for Rigetti Computing's SDK.
- [Documentation for Strawberry Fields](https://strawberryfields.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) - Background information on the photonic continuous-variable approach to quantum computation, as well as tutorials for Xanadu’s SDK.
- [D-Wave Leap](https://www.dwavesys.com/take-leap) - Demos and educational resources as well as access to D-Wave's quantum computer.
- [IBM Q Full User Guide](https://quantumexperience.ng.bluemix.net/qx/tutorial?sectionId=full-user-guide&page=introduction) - Short tutorials providing a gentle introduction to quantum computing and IBM Q.
- [Introduction to Quantum Computing](https://home.cern/news/announcement/computing/online-introductory-lectures-quantum-computing-6-november) - Online introductory lectures on quantum computing by CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research).
- [John Preskill's Notes on Quantum Computation](http://www.theory.caltech.edu/~preskill/ph219/index.html#lecture) - Notes of Caltech's Quantum Computation Course Physics 219/Computer Science 219 by John Preskill.
- [Nielsen and Chuang](https://workedproblems.wordpress.com/category/nielsenchuang/) - Worked examples on quantum algorithm problems.
- [Qiskit Tutorials](https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-tutorial) - Jupyter notebooks simply demonstrating how to use Qiskit.
- [Quantum Algorithm Implementations for Beginners](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.03719.pdf) - A brif survey of 20 different quantum algorithms using qiskit.
- [Quantum Algorithm Zoo](http://math.nist.gov/quantum/zoo/) - Comprehensive catalog of quantum algorithms. 
- [Quantum Algorithms](https://quantumalgorithms.org/) - Open-source set of lectures notes on quantum algorithms, with a focus on machine learning and data analysis.
- [Quantum Computer Programming](https://cs269q.stanford.edu/syllabus.html?fbclid=IwAR09_JNstMi4WVU4oMHDpWR6xWaSISlrYPjWTUTnhcRdEQhzpoOTRgQN8LI) - Hands on Stanford course teaching quantum computing to those without a quantum mechanical background.
- [Quantum Computing Foundations](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/quantum-computing-fundamentals/) - Microsoft Learn learning path covering Azure Quantum and elements of quantum computing.
- [Quantum Computing Playground](http://www.quantumplayground.net/#/home) - 3D quantum state visualisation tool able to simulate up to 22 qubits.
- [Quantum Computing UK](https://quantumcomputinguk.org/) - Free Qiskit tutorials and code repository.
- [Quantum Computing for the Very Curious](https://quantum.country/qcvc) - Essay introducing quantum computing by Michael Nielsen and Andy Matuschak.
- [Quantum Computing with Amazon Braket SDK](https://www.manning.com/liveprojectseries/quantum-computing-with-amazon-braket-sdk-ser) - Manning liveProject series that introduces Braket API and guides the learner through implementation of several simple algorithms.
- [Quantum Computing with Microsoft QDK](https://www.manning.com/liveprojectseries/quantum-computing-with-five-projects) - Manning liveProject series that guides the learner through implementation of a variety of protocols and algorithms using Microsoft QDK.
- [Quantum Inspire Knowledge Base](https://www.quantum-inspire.com/kbase/introduction-to-quantum-computing) - Easy to read knowledge base, rich of basic Quantum Computing concepts.
- [Quantum in the Cloud](http://cnotmz.appspot.com/#) - Four qubit photonic quantum simulator and computer.
- [Quantum Katas](https://github.com/Microsoft/QuantumKatas/) - Programming exercises for learning quantum computing and Q#.
- [Quantum Machine Learning for Data Scientists](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.10068.pdf) - Explanation of quantum machine learning algorithms.
- [Quirk](http://algassert.com/quirk) - Browser-based drag-and-drop quantum circuit simulator that reacts, simulates, and animates in real-time.
- [QWorld's Bronze-Qiskit](https://gitlab.com/qworld/bronze-qiskit) - Very accessible computation/programming oriented tutorials. It begins from basics of matrices up to grover's algorithm. There are also accompanying videos which explain the tutorials.
- [The Quantum Quest](https://www.quantum-quest.nl/) - Introductory web class on quantum computing principles designed for high school students.

## MOOCs

- [Brilliant.org Quantum Computing](https://brilliant.org/courses/quantum-computing/) - Explanations through problems. Curated along with Microsoft and Alphabet X.
- [Introduction to Quantum Information Science](https://www.arturekert.org/iqis) - “Introduction to Quantum Information” by Professor Artur Ekert at the University of Oxford.
- [MIT Quantum Information Sciences](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/media-arts-and-sciences/mas-865j-quantum-information-science-spring-2006/lecture-notes/) - Series of lecture notes on the MIT quantum information sciences course.
- [Programming a Quantum Computer with Qiskit](https://www.coursera.org/projects/programming-quantum-computer-qiskit) - 2-hour guided course focusing on learning how to code for a Quantum Computer leveraging Qiskit.
- [QC101 Quantum Computing & Quantum Physics for Beginners](https://www.udemy.com/qc101-introduction-to-quantum-computing-quantum-physics-for-beginners/) - Introductory course on quantum cryptography and how to run quantum programs.
- [Quantum Computing: Theory to Simulation and Programming](https://www.udemy.com/course/quantum-computing/) - Understanding the D-Wave Quantum Annealer architecture along with a few practical tasks.
- [Quantum Cryptography](https://www.edx.org/course/quantum-cryptography-caltechx-delftx-qucryptox-0) - Learn how quantum communication provides security that is guaranteed by the laws of nature.
- [Quantum Information Science I, Part I](https://www.edx.org/course/quantum-information-science-i) - Foundational course on quantum information and computation.
- [Quantum Machine Learning](https://www.edx.org/course/quantum-machine-learning) - Learn about the benefits quantum technologies can provide to machine learning.
- [Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Computation](https://www.edx.org/course/quantum-mechanics-quantum-computation-uc-berkeleyx-cs-191x) - Conceptual introduction to the fundamental  principles of quantum mechanics.
- [The Introduction To Quantum Computing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/quantum-computing-algorithms) - A subtle introduction to computation, the math behind it and its quantum counterparts followed by in-depth discussion of a few quantum algorithms.
    - [Quantum Computing. Less Formulas - More Understanding](https://www.coursera.org/learn/quantum-computing-lfmu) - Same professor of the previous course, this time more focused on quantum concepts rather than math.
- [The Quantum Internet and Quantum Computers: How Will They Change the World?](https://www.edx.org/course/quantum-internet-quantum-computers-how-delftx-qtm1x) - Learn the principles and promises behind developments in quantum computers and quantum internet and how they will impact our future.
- [Understanding Quantum Computers](https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/intro-to-quantum-computing) - Introduction to the key concepts of quantum computing with minimal mathematics.

## Development Tools

- [Amazon Braket](https://aws.amazon.com/braket/) - Fully managed service providing a development environment to run quantum circuits on quantum simulators and computers.
- [Blueqat](https://github.com/Blueqat/Blueqat) - Software development kit in Python for quantum gate computing.
- [Boulder Opal](https://q-ctrl.com/boulder-opal) - Python toolset for automating and optimizing quantum hardware performance.
- [Cirq](https://github.com/quantumlib/Cirq) - Python library for writing, manipulating, and optimizing NISQ circuits to run on quantum computers.
- [Covalent](https://github.com/AgnostiqHQ/covalent) - Framework for distributed computing on heterogeneous infrastructure from CPUs to GPUs to quantum computers.
- [Fire Opal](https://q-ctrl.com/fire-opal) - Python package for improving the quality of quantum algorithm results.
- [IBM Quantum Experience](https://quantum-computing.ibm.com) - Online quantum composer to run experiments on real quantum computing hardware.
- [Mitiq](https://mitiq.readthedocs.io/) - Python toolkit for implementing error mitigation techniques on quantum computers.
- [NISQAI](https://github.com/quantumai-lib/nisqai) - Library for performing quantum artificial intelligence on near-term quantum computers.
- [Ocean](https://docs.ocean.dwavesys.com/en/latest/overview/install.html) - D-Wave's SDK for developing on their quantum computers using Python.
- [Orquestra](https://www.zapatacomputing.com/orquestra/) - Zapata Computing's unified quantum operating environment, allowing for quantum-enabled workflows.
- [Paddle Quantum](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Quantum) - Baidu's python toolkit for quantum machine learning.
- [PennyLane](http://github.com/XanaduAI/pennylane) - Open source framework for quantum computing and quantum machine learning that integrates various other platforms.
- [Project Q](http://projectq.ch/) - Framework for implementing quantum computing in Python.
- [pyQuil](https://github.com/rigetticomputing/pyquil) - Python library for quantum programming using Quil by Rigetti.
- [pytket](https://cqcl.github.io/pytket/build/html/index.html) - Python module for interfacing with Cambridge Quantum Computing's t|ket>; a tool for circuit optimising and qubit allocation.
- [QCL](http://tph.tuwien.ac.at/~oemer/qcl.html) - Older, C like language for quantum computers. Only has a simulator and debugger.
- [Qiskit SDK](https://qiskit.org) - Software development kit by IBM for writing and running quantum algorithms on simulators and real hardware.
- [Qiskit.js](https://github.com/QISKit/qiskit-js) - Qiskit for JavaScript made by IBM.
- [Qrack](https://vm6502q.readthedocs.io) - High performance LGPL-licensed C++ quantum simulator library, documentation, and test code.
- [Quantum++](https://github.com/vsoftco/qpp) - High performance modern C++11 quantum computing library.
- [Quantum Inspire](https://www.quantum-inspire.com/) - Platform to run quantum algorithms on simulators or quantum hardware - by QuTech.
- [Quantum Programming Studio](https://quantum-circuit.com/) - Web based quantum programming IDE and simulator.
- [Quipper](https://www.mathstat.dal.ca/~selinger/quipper/) - Embedded, scalable, functional programming language for quantum computing.
- [Qurry](https://github.com/LSaldyt/Qurry) - Quantum probabilistic programming language based on functional and probabilistic paradigms.
- [QuTiP](http://qutip.org/docs/latest/index.html) - Quantum toolbox in Python for simulating dynamics of open quantum systems.
- [Q#](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-gb/quantum/?view=qsharp-preview) - Microsoft quantum development kit and Q# programming language.
- [Strangeworks Platform](https://quantumcomputing.com/) - A hardware agnostic platform and interface allowing for focus on development rather than specific hardware solution building.
- [TensorFlow Quantum](https://www.tensorflow.org/quantum) - A quantum machine learning library that integrates Cirq with TensorFlow for prototyping of hybrid quantum-classical models for classical or quantum data.
- [Tequila](https://github.com/aspuru-guzik-group/tequila) - An Extensible Quantum Information and Learning Architecture developed by Alan Aspuru-Guzik group (University of Toronto).

## Blogs

- [Algorithmic Assertions](http://algassert.com/) - About quantum computing and computing in general by Craig Gidney - a member of Google Quantum Computing Team.
- [Bits of Quantum](http://blog.qutech.nl/) - By the QuTech institution, sharing their research and daily life.
- [Dawid Kopczyk](http://dkopczyk.quantee.co.uk/category/quantum_computing/) - Quantum algorithms explained to data scientists with visualisations.
- [Decodoku](https://medium.com/@decodoku) - Interesting posts on quantum computation, by James Wootton.
- [Microsoft Quantum blog](https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/quantum/) - Microsoft Quantum program-wide updates.
- [Musty Thoughts](http://mustythoughts.com) - Personal blog of Michał Stęchły, includes many articles for people starting to learn about quantum computing.
- [Qiskit blog](https://medium.com/qiskit) - All about quantum computation from the Qiskit community team.
- [Quantumfy](https://quantumfyed.com/) - Snippets on the latest quantum computing news and quantum infographics.
- [Quantum Frontiers](https://quantumfrontiers.com/) - By the Quantum Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, sharing behind the scenes research insights.
- [Quantum Weekly](https://quantumweekly.com/) - A weekly correlation of all things quantum - computing, cryptography, entanglement.
- [Quantum Zeitgeist](https://quantumzeitgeist.com/) - Covers the latest news in quantum computing as well as QC companies and careers. 
- [Q# Blog](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/qsharp/) - Microsoft Quantum development updates. 
- [Shtetl-Optimized](https://www.scottaaronson.com/blog/) - Scott Aaronson's thoughts on quantum computing matters.
- [The Quantum Aviary](https://thequantumaviary.blogspot.com/) - Blog without the hype talking about developments in quantum hardware. 
- [The Quantum Daily](https://thequantumdaily.com/) - Outlet for the latest news in quantum computing, presenting articles for both research scientists and the curious Sunday newspaper reader.
- [xa0](https://blog.xa0.de/list) - New research and deep dives into quantum computing optimization.

## Books
- [An Introduction to Quantum Computing](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Quantum-Computing-Phillip-Kaye/dp/019857049X/) - Strikes an excellent balance between accessiblity and mathematical rigour. It is suitable for undergraduate students.
- [Classical and Quantum Computation](https://books.google.com.au/books/about/Classical_and_Quantum_Computation.html?id=TrMposZZ0MQC&redir_esc=y) - Introduction to fundamentals of classical and quantum computing.
- [Dancing with Qubits](https://www.robertsutor.com/dancing-with-qubits/) - How quantum computing works and how it can change the world.
- [Introduction to Classical and Quantum Computing](http://www.thomaswong.net/) - Introductory quantum computing textbook. The only prerequisite is trigonometry, and it teaches the math along the way.
- [Learn Quantum Computation using Qiskit](http://community.qiskit.org/textbook) - An open-source textbook covering quantum algorithms and showing how to run them on real hardware using Qiskit. Also covers prerequisites.
- [Learn Quantum Computing with Python and Q#](https://www.manning.com/books/learn-quantum-computing-with-python-and-q-sharp) - Introduces quantum computing using Python and Q#, Microsoft's new language for quantum programming.
- [Problems and Solutions in Quantum Computing](https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/6077#) - Easy to advanced quantum computing and information problems with detailed solutions.
- [Programming Quantum Computers: Essential Algorithms and Code Samples](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Quantum-Computers-Essential-Algorithms/dp/1492039683) - Hands-on introduction to quantum computing that focuses on concepts and programming examples (in multiple languages).
- [Quantum Computation and Quantum Information](http://mmrc.amss.cas.cn/tlb/201702/W020170224608149940643.pdf) - Comprehensive textbook for those with some prior knowledge in mathematics, computer science and physics.
- [Quantum Computing: An Applied Approach](https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030239213) - A hands on introduction into quantum computing that explains the foundations of quantum computing to the mathematics behind quantum systems.
- [Quantum Computing: A Gentle Introduction](http://mmrc.amss.cas.cn/tlb/201702/W020170224608150244118.pdf) - Explains quantum computing with only basic college maths knowledge needed.
- [Quantum Computing Explained](https://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Computing-Explained-David-McMahon/dp/0470096993) - Conversational approach to explaining quantum computing with worked solutions.
- [Quantum Computing for Computer Scientists](https://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Computing-Computer-Scientists-Yanofsky/dp/0521879965) - Quantum computing explained using an approach accessible to undergraduate computer science students.
- [Quantum Computing for Everyone](https://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Computing-Everyone-Mit-Press/dp/0262539535) - Introduction into topics such as qubits, entanglement, and quantum teleportation for the general reader.
- [Quantum Computing for the Quantum Curious](https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-030-61601-4) - Freely available quantum computing textbook aimed at high school students, undergraduate students and the general public.
- [Quantum Computing in Action](https://www.manning.com/books/quantum-computing-in-action) - For Java developers at all levels who want an early start in quantum computing.
- [Understanding Quantum Technologies](https://www.oezratty.net/wordpress/2021/understanding-quantum-technologies-2021/) - Excellent Book which  provides a 360 degree approach of quantum technologies encompassing all dimensions.


## Popular Science
- [Quantum Computing Since Democritus](https://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Computing-since-Democritus-Aaronson/dp/0521199565) - A cute introduction to quantum computing and computational complexity theory. It is intended for the widest possible target audience, and contains some topics of relevance to philosophy.
- [Seth Lloyd. Programming the Universe_ A Quantum Computer Scientist Takes on the Cosmos](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Universe-Quantum-Computer-Scientist-ebook/dp/B000GCFBP6) - What if the universe is a giant quantum computer? It takes the reader throuogh a journey of computational model of the universe and its implications on physics.
- [The Fabric of Reality: The Science of Parallel Universes and Its Implications](https://www.amazon.com/Fabric-Reality-Parallel-Universes-Implications/dp/014027541X) - It is of philosophical spirit, about revealing a unified fabric of reality explanation.

## Videos

- [Anastasia Marchenkova](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzaYH6WeohiHKj3Ih_GdZdQ) - Youtube channel focusing on quantum computing topics and general technology.
- [Circuit Sessions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Omv-bPvQ3E8&list=PLOFEBzvs-VvrRlVz7wqaqmaMZj_ZK2Afe) - Qiskit series exploring the value and use of quantum circuits through a lecture series by academics and industry researchers.
- [Coding with Qiskit video series](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOFEBzvs-Vvp2xg9-POLJhQwtVktlYGbY) - YouTube video series showing how to write quantum algorithms.
- [Introduction to Quantum Programming](https://skillsmatter.com/skillscasts/11929-programming-the-world-s-first-quantum-computers-using-forest) - The why and how of quantum programming with a focus on the Python Forest SDK from Rigetti.
- [Quantum Computing for Computer Scientists](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_Riqjdh2oM) - Microsoft Research Talk on introductory quantum computing for computer scientists. Duration: 1 hour, 28 minutes.
- [Quantum Computing for the Determined](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1826E60FD05B44E4) - A series of lectures on quantum computing basics by [Michael Nielsen](http://michaelnielsen.org/).
- [Quantum Computation and Information at CMU](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLm3J0oaFux3YL5qLskC6xQ24JpMwOAeJz) - A series of lectures on quantum computing by [Professor O'Donnell at CMU](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~odonnell/quantum18/).
- [Quantum Impact](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFPUGjQjckXFsOEBvvaDeIk5GxctP0ZhX) - Understand how quantum computing can help scientists solve some of the world's most challenging problems such as land optimisation. 
- [Quantum Computing Seminar Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKgysY097Ok&list=PLOFEBzvs-Vvr0uEoGFo08n4-WrM_8fft2) - Qiskit series discussing recent research.
- [Quantum Mechanics by PBS Space Time](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLsPUh22kYmNCGaVGuGfKfJl-6RdHiCjo1) - YouTube playlist targeting a wide audience with generic concepts around Quantum Mechanics and Computing. 

## Community

- [D-Wave Leap Community](https://support.dwavesys.com/hc/en-us/community/topics) - D-Wave System's Leap Community Forum. 
- [IBM Q Community](https://community.qiskit.org/) - IBM Q Community page with list of upcoming events and latest programs.
- [IBM Q Qiskit Community](https://qiskit.slack.com/) - Slack Channel for Qiskit and quantum computing discussions.
- [Mike & Ike Subreddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/MikeAndIke/) - Discussion about the book Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. 
- [Pennylane Discussion Forum](https://discuss.pennylane.ai/) - Discussion forum for quantum machine learning, both using simulations and on near term hardware.
- [Quantum Computing Slack Community](https://quantum-computing.herokuapp.com/) - Slack channels for discussion of quantum computing.
- [Quantum Computing StackExchange](http://quantumcomputing.stackexchange.com/) - Question and answer site for quantum computing.
- [Quantum Computing Subreddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/QuantumComputing/) - Community for discussion of many quantum computing topics.
- [Quantum Inferiority](https://matrix.to/#/#quantum_inferiority:chat.weho.st) - Quantum Programming Chat on matrix, language agnostic, expertise not required.
- [Quantum Information and Quantum Computer Scientists of the World Unite](https://www.facebook.com/groups/qinfo.scientists.unite/) - Facebook group for quantum research discussion.
- [Q# Community](https://qsharp.community) - Community contributed libraries, projects, and demos for the Q# language.
- [Rigetti Community](https://join.slack.com/t/rigetti-forest/shared_invite/enQtNTUyNTE1ODg3MzE2LWExZWU5OTE4YTJhMmE2NGNjMThjOTM1MjlkYTA5ZmUxNTJlOTVmMWE0YjA3Y2M2YmQzNTZhNTBlMTYyODRjMzA) - Slack Channel for Rigetti and quantum computing discussions.
- [Strawberry Fields Community](https://u.strawberryfields.ai/slack) - Slack channel for Xanadu and Strawberry Fields photonic/CV quantum computing discussions.

## Podcasts

- [Meet the meQuanics](https://soundcloud.com/mequanics) - Interviews with key quantum computing figures, aimed at the lay person.
- [Quantum Computing Now](https://anchor.fm/quantumcomputingnow) - Podcast by Ethan Hansen covering three main topics: the basics of quantum computing, interviews and the latest news.
- [The Qubit Guy's Podcast](https://www.classiq.io/insights#podcasts) - Podcast by Yuval Boger from [Classiq Technologies](https://www.classiq.io) featuring thought leaders from the quantum computing industry.

## Content in Non-English Languages

- [Quantum Computing in Portuguese](https://github.com/smendoncabruna/ComputacaoQuantica) - A repository with curated content on Quantum Computing in Portuguese.

## License

[![CC0](http://mirrors.creativecommons.org/presskit/buttons/88x31/svg/cc-zero.svg)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)

To the extent possible under law, [Desiree Vogt-Lee](https://github.com/desireevl) has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this work.