141 lines
5.4 KiB
Java
141 lines
5.4 KiB
Java
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* [1. 数组中两个数的和为给定值](#1-数组中两个数的和为给定值)
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* [2. 判断数组是否含有重复元素](#2-判断数组是否含有重复元素)
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* [3. 最长和谐序列](#3-最长和谐序列)
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* [4. 最长连续序列](#4-最长连续序列)
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哈希表使用 O(N) 空间复杂度存储数据,并且以 O(1) 时间复杂度求解问题。
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- Java 中的 **HashSet** 用于存储一个集合,可以查找元素是否在集合中。如果元素有穷,并且范围不大,那么可以用一个布尔数组来存储一个元素是否存在。例如对于只有小写字符的元素,就可以用一个长度为 26 的布尔数组来存储一个字符集合,使得空间复杂度降低为 O(1)。
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Java 中的 **HashMap** 主要用于映射关系,从而把两个元素联系起来。HashMap 也可以用来对元素进行计数统计,此时键为元素,值为计数。和 HashSet 类似,如果元素有穷并且范围不大,可以用整型数组来进行统计。在对一个内容进行压缩或者其它转换时,利用 HashMap 可以把原始内容和转换后的内容联系起来。例如在一个简化 url 的系统中 [Leetcdoe : 535. Encode and Decode TinyURL (Medium)
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[Leetcode](https://leetcode.com/problems/encode-and-decode-tinyurl/description/),利用 HashMap 就可以存储精简后的 url 到原始 url 的映射,使得不仅可以显示简化的 url,也可以根据简化的 url 得到原始 url 从而定位到正确的资源<E8B584>) / [力扣](https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/encode-and-decode-tinyurl/description/),利用 HashMap 就可以存储精简后的 url 到原始 url 的映射,使得不仅可以显示简化的 url,也可以根据简化的 url 得到原始 url 从而定位到正确的资源<E8B584>)
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# 1. 数组中两个数的和为给定值
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1\. Two Sum (Easy)
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[Leetcode](https://leetcode.com/problems/two-sum/description/) / [力扣](https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/two-sum/description/)
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可以先对数组进行排序,然后使用双指针方法或者二分查找方法。这样做的时间复杂度为 O(NlogN),空间复杂度为 O(1)。
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用 HashMap 存储数组元素和索引的映射,在访问到 nums[i] 时,判断 HashMap 中是否存在 target - nums[i],如果存在说明 target - nums[i] 所在的索引和 i 就是要找的两个数。该方法的时间复杂度为 O(N),空间复杂度为 O(N),使用空间来换取时间。
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```java
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public int[] twoSum(int[] nums, int target) {
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HashMap<Integer, Integer> indexForNum = new HashMap<>();
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for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
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if (indexForNum.containsKey(target - nums[i])) {
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return new int[]{indexForNum.get(target - nums[i]), i};
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} else {
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indexForNum.put(nums[i], i);
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}
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}
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return null;
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}
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```
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# 2. 判断数组是否含有重复元素
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217\. Contains Duplicate (Easy)
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[Leetcode](https://leetcode.com/problems/contains-duplicate/description/) / [力扣](https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/contains-duplicate/description/)
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```java
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public boolean containsDuplicate(int[] nums) {
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Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();
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for (int num : nums) {
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set.add(num);
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}
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return set.size() < nums.length;
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}
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```
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# 3. 最长和谐序列
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594\. Longest Harmonious Subsequence (Easy)
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[Leetcode](https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-harmonious-subsequence/description/) / [力扣](https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/longest-harmonious-subsequence/description/)
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```html
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Input: [1,3,2,2,5,2,3,7]
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Output: 5
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Explanation: The longest harmonious subsequence is [3,2,2,2,3].
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```
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和谐序列中最大数和最小数之差正好为 1,应该注意的是序列的元素不一定是数组的连续元素。
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```java
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public int findLHS(int[] nums) {
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Map<Integer, Integer> countForNum = new HashMap<>();
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for (int num : nums) {
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countForNum.put(num, countForNum.getOrDefault(num, 0) + 1);
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}
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int longest = 0;
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for (int num : countForNum.keySet()) {
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if (countForNum.containsKey(num + 1)) {
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longest = Math.max(longest, countForNum.get(num + 1) + countForNum.get(num));
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}
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}
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return longest;
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}
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```
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# 4. 最长连续序列
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128\. Longest Consecutive Sequence (Hard)
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[Leetcode](https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-consecutive-sequence/description/) / [力扣](https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/longest-consecutive-sequence/description/)
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```html
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Given [100, 4, 200, 1, 3, 2],
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The longest consecutive elements sequence is [1, 2, 3, 4]. Return its length: 4.
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```
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要求以 O(N) 的时间复杂度求解。
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```java
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public int longestConsecutive(int[] nums) {
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Map<Integer, Integer> countForNum = new HashMap<>();
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for (int num : nums) {
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countForNum.put(num, 1);
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}
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for (int num : nums) {
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forward(countForNum, num);
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}
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return maxCount(countForNum);
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}
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private int forward(Map<Integer, Integer> countForNum, int num) {
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if (!countForNum.containsKey(num)) {
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return 0;
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}
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int cnt = countForNum.get(num);
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if (cnt > 1) {
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return cnt;
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}
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cnt = forward(countForNum, num + 1) + 1;
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countForNum.put(num, cnt);
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return cnt;
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}
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private int maxCount(Map<Integer, Integer> countForNum) {
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int max = 0;
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for (int num : countForNum.keySet()) {
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max = Math.max(max, countForNum.get(num));
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}
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return max;
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}
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```
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