CS-Notes/notes/Leetcode 题解 - 哈希表.md
2020-11-17 00:32:18 +08:00

136 lines
5.4 KiB
Java
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

# Leetcode 题解 - 哈希表
<!-- GFM-TOC -->
* [Leetcode 题解 - 哈希表](#leetcode-题解---哈希表)
* [1. 数组中两个数的和为给定值](#1-数组中两个数的和为给定值)
* [2. 判断数组是否含有重复元素](#2-判断数组是否含有重复元素)
* [3. 最长和谐序列](#3-最长和谐序列)
* [4. 最长连续序列](#4-最长连续序列)
<!-- GFM-TOC -->
哈希表使用 O(N) 空间复杂度存储数据并且以 O(1) 时间复杂度求解问题
- Java 中的 **HashSet** 用于存储一个集合可以查找元素是否在集合中如果元素有穷并且范围不大那么可以用一个布尔数组来存储一个元素是否存在例如对于只有小写字符的元素就可以用一个长度为 26 的布尔数组来存储一个字符集合使得空间复杂度降低为 O(1)
Java 中的 **HashMap** 主要用于映射关系从而把两个元素联系起来HashMap 也可以用来对元素进行计数统计此时键为元素值为计数 HashSet 类似如果元素有穷并且范围不大可以用整型数组来进行统计在对一个内容进行压缩或者其它转换时利用 HashMap 可以把原始内容和转换后的内容联系起来例如在一个简化 url 的系统中 [Leetcdoe : 535. Encode and Decode TinyURL (Medium)
[Leetcode](https://leetcode.com/problems/encode-and-decode-tinyurl/description/),利用 HashMap 就可以存储精简后的 url 到原始 url 的映射,使得不仅可以显示简化的 url也可以根据简化的 url 得到原始 url 从而定位到正确的资源<E8B584>) / [力扣](https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/encode-and-decode-tinyurl/description/),利用 HashMap 就可以存储精简后的 url 到原始 url 的映射,使得不仅可以显示简化的 url也可以根据简化的 url 得到原始 url 从而定位到正确的资源<E8B584>)
## 1. 数组中两个数的和为给定值
1\. Two Sum (Easy)
[Leetcode](https://leetcode.com/problems/two-sum/description/) / [力扣](https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/two-sum/description/)
可以先对数组进行排序然后使用双指针方法或者二分查找方法这样做的时间复杂度为 O(NlogN)空间复杂度为 O(1)
HashMap 存储数组元素和索引的映射在访问到 nums[i] 判断 HashMap 中是否存在 target - nums[i]如果存在说明 target - nums[i] 所在的索引和 i 就是要找的两个数该方法的时间复杂度为 O(N)空间复杂度为 O(N)使用空间来换取时间
```java
public int[] twoSum(int[] nums, int target) {
HashMap<Integer, Integer> indexForNum = new HashMap<>();
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
if (indexForNum.containsKey(target - nums[i])) {
return new int[]{indexForNum.get(target - nums[i]), i};
} else {
indexForNum.put(nums[i], i);
}
}
return null;
}
```
## 2. 判断数组是否含有重复元素
217\. Contains Duplicate (Easy)
[Leetcode](https://leetcode.com/problems/contains-duplicate/description/) / [力扣](https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/contains-duplicate/description/)
```java
public boolean containsDuplicate(int[] nums) {
Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();
for (int num : nums) {
set.add(num);
}
return set.size() < nums.length;
}
```
## 3. 最长和谐序列
594\. Longest Harmonious Subsequence (Easy)
[Leetcode](https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-harmonious-subsequence/description/) / [力扣](https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/longest-harmonious-subsequence/description/)
```html
Input: [1,3,2,2,5,2,3,7]
Output: 5
Explanation: The longest harmonious subsequence is [3,2,2,2,3].
```
和谐序列中最大数和最小数之差正好为 1应该注意的是序列的元素不一定是数组的连续元素
```java
public int findLHS(int[] nums) {
Map<Integer, Integer> countForNum = new HashMap<>();
for (int num : nums) {
countForNum.put(num, countForNum.getOrDefault(num, 0) + 1);
}
int longest = 0;
for (int num : countForNum.keySet()) {
if (countForNum.containsKey(num + 1)) {
longest = Math.max(longest, countForNum.get(num + 1) + countForNum.get(num));
}
}
return longest;
}
```
## 4. 最长连续序列
128\. Longest Consecutive Sequence (Hard)
[Leetcode](https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-consecutive-sequence/description/) / [力扣](https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/longest-consecutive-sequence/description/)
```html
Given [100, 4, 200, 1, 3, 2],
The longest consecutive elements sequence is [1, 2, 3, 4]. Return its length: 4.
```
要求以 O(N) 的时间复杂度求解
```java
public int longestConsecutive(int[] nums) {
Map<Integer, Integer> countForNum = new HashMap<>();
for (int num : nums) {
countForNum.put(num, 1);
}
for (int num : nums) {
forward(countForNum, num);
}
return maxCount(countForNum);
}
private int forward(Map<Integer, Integer> countForNum, int num) {
if (!countForNum.containsKey(num)) {
return 0;
}
int cnt = countForNum.get(num);
if (cnt > 1) {
return cnt;
}
cnt = forward(countForNum, num + 1) + 1;
countForNum.put(num, cnt);
return cnt;
}
private int maxCount(Map<Integer, Integer> countForNum) {
int max = 0;
for (int num : countForNum.keySet()) {
max = Math.max(max, countForNum.get(num));
}
return max;
}
```