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595. Big Countries
627. Swap Salary
620. Not Boring Movies
596. Classes More Than 5 Students
182. Duplicate Emails
196. Delete Duplicate Emails
175. Combine Two Tables
181. Employees Earning More Than Their Managers
183. Customers Who Never Order
184. Department Highest Salary
176. Second Highest Salary
177. Nth Highest Salary
178. Rank Scores
180. Consecutive Numbers
626. Exchange Seats

595. Big Countries

https://leetcode.com/problems/big-countries/description/

Description

+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| name            | continent  | area       | population   | gdp           |
+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| Afghanistan     | Asia       | 652230     | 25500100     | 20343000      |
| Albania         | Europe     | 28748      | 2831741      | 12960000      |
| Algeria         | Africa     | 2381741    | 37100000     | 188681000     |
| Andorra         | Europe     | 468        | 78115        | 3712000       |
| Angola          | Africa     | 1246700    | 20609294     | 100990000     |
+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------+

查找面积超过 3,000,000 或者人口数超过 25,000,000 的国家。

+--------------+-------------+--------------+
| name         | population  | area         |
+--------------+-------------+--------------+
| Afghanistan  | 25500100    | 652230       |
| Algeria      | 37100000    | 2381741      |
+--------------+-------------+--------------+

SQL Schema

SQL Schema 用于在本地环境下创建表结构并导入数据，从而方便在本地环境解答。

DROP TABLE
IF
    EXISTS World;
CREATE TABLE World ( NAME VARCHAR ( 255 ), continent VARCHAR ( 255 ), area INT, population INT, gdp INT );
INSERT INTO World ( NAME, continent, area, population, gdp )
VALUES
    ( 'Afghanistan', 'Asia', '652230', '25500100', '203430000' ),
    ( 'Albania', 'Europe', '28748', '2831741', '129600000' ),
    ( 'Algeria', 'Africa', '2381741', '37100000', '1886810000' ),
    ( 'Andorra', 'Europe', '468', '78115', '37120000' ),
    ( 'Angola', 'Africa', '1246700', '20609294', '1009900000' );

Solution

SELECT name,
    population,
    area
FROM
    World
WHERE
    area > 3000000
    OR population > 25000000;

627. Swap Salary

https://leetcode.com/problems/swap-salary/description/

Description

| id | name | sex | salary |
|----|------|-----|--------|
| 1  | A    | m   | 2500   |
| 2  | B    | f   | 1500   |
| 3  | C    | m   | 5500   |
| 4  | D    | f   | 500    |

只用一个 SQL 查询，将 sex 字段反转。

| id | name | sex | salary |
|----|------|-----|--------|
| 1  | A    | f   | 2500   |
| 2  | B    | m   | 1500   |
| 3  | C    | f   | 5500   |
| 4  | D    | m   | 500    |

SQL Schema

DROP TABLE
IF
    EXISTS salary;
CREATE TABLE salary ( id INT, NAME VARCHAR ( 100 ), sex CHAR ( 1 ), salary INT );
INSERT INTO salary ( id, NAME, sex, salary )
VALUES
    ( '1', 'A', 'm', '2500' ),
    ( '2', 'B', 'f', '1500' ),
    ( '3', 'C', 'm', '5500' ),
    ( '4', 'D', 'f', '500' );

Solution

使用异或操作，两个相等的数异或的结果为 0，而 0 与任何一个数异或的结果为这个数。

'f' ^ 'm' ^ 'f' = 'm'
'm' ^ 'm' ^ 'f' = 'f'

UPDATE salary
SET sex = CHAR ( ASCII(sex) ^ ASCII( 'm' ) ^ ASCII( 'f' ) );

620. Not Boring Movies

https://leetcode.com/problems/not-boring-movies/description/

Description

+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
|   id    | movie     |  description |  rating   |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
|   1     | War       |   great 3D   |   8.9     |
|   2     | Science   |   fiction    |   8.5     |
|   3     | irish     |   boring     |   6.2     |
|   4     | Ice song  |   Fantacy    |   8.6     |
|   5     | House card|   Interesting|   9.1     |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+

查找 id 为奇数，并且 description 不是 boring 的电影，按 rating 降序。

+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
|   id    | movie     |  description |  rating   |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
|   5     | House card|   Interesting|   9.1     |
|   1     | War       |   great 3D   |   8.9     |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+

SQL Schema

DROP TABLE
IF
    EXISTS cinema;
CREATE TABLE cinema ( id INT, movie VARCHAR ( 255 ), description VARCHAR ( 255 ), rating FLOAT ( 2, 1 ) );
INSERT INTO cinema ( id, movie, description, rating )
VALUES
    ( 1, 'War', 'great 3D', 8.9 ),
    ( 2, 'Science', 'fiction', 8.5 ),
    ( 3, 'irish', 'boring', 6.2 ),
    ( 4, 'Ice song', 'Fantacy', 8.6 ),
    ( 5, 'House card', 'Interesting', 9.1 );

Solution

SELECT
    *
FROM
    cinema
WHERE
    id % 2 = 1
    AND description != 'boring'
ORDER BY
    rating DESC;

596. Classes More Than 5 Students

https://leetcode.com/problems/classes-more-than-5-students/description/

Description

+---------+------------+
| student | class      |
+---------+------------+
| A       | Math       |
| B       | English    |
| C       | Math       |
| D       | Biology    |
| E       | Math       |
| F       | Computer   |
| G       | Math       |
| H       | Math       |
| I       | Math       |
+---------+------------+

查找有五名及以上 student 的 class。

+---------+
| class   |
+---------+
| Math    |
+---------+

SQL Schema

DROP TABLE
IF
    EXISTS courses;
CREATE TABLE courses ( student VARCHAR ( 255 ), class VARCHAR ( 255 ) );
INSERT INTO courses ( student, class )
VALUES
    ( 'A', 'Math' ),
    ( 'B', 'English' ),
    ( 'C', 'Math' ),
    ( 'D', 'Biology' ),
    ( 'E', 'Math' ),
    ( 'F', 'Computer' ),
    ( 'G', 'Math' ),
    ( 'H', 'Math' ),
    ( 'I', 'Math' );

Solution

对 class 列进行分组之后，再使用 count 汇总函数统计数量，统计之后使用 having 进行过滤。

SELECT
    class
FROM
    courses
GROUP BY
    class
HAVING
    count( DISTINCT student ) >= 5;

182. Duplicate Emails

https://leetcode.com/problems/duplicate-emails/description/

Description

邮件地址表：

+----+---------+
| Id | Email   |
+----+---------+
| 1  | a@b.com |
| 2  | c@d.com |
| 3  | a@b.com |
+----+---------+

查找重复的邮件地址：

+---------+
| Email   |
+---------+
| a@b.com |
+---------+

SQL Schema

DROP TABLE
IF
    EXISTS Person;
CREATE TABLE Person ( Id INT, Email VARCHAR ( 255 ) );
INSERT INTO Person ( Id, Email )
VALUES
    ( 1, 'a@b.com' ),
    ( 2, 'c@d.com' ),
    ( 3, 'a@b.com' );

Solution

对 Email 进行分组，如果相同 Email 的数量大于等于 2，则表示该 Email 重复。

SELECT
    Email
FROM
    Person
GROUP BY
    Email
HAVING
    COUNT( * ) >= 2;

196. Delete Duplicate Emails

https://leetcode.com/problems/delete-duplicate-emails/description/

Description

邮件地址表：

+----+---------+
| Id | Email   |
+----+---------+
| 1  | john@example.com |
| 2  | bob@example.com |
| 3  | john@example.com |
+----+---------+

删除重复的邮件地址：

+----+------------------+
| Id | Email            |
+----+------------------+
| 1  | john@example.com |
| 2  | bob@example.com  |
+----+------------------+

SQL Schema

与 182 相同。

Solution

只保留相同 Email 中 Id 最小的那一个，然后删除其它的。

连接：

DELETE p1
FROM
    Person p1,
    Person p2
WHERE
    p1.Email = p2.Email
    AND p1.Id > p2.Id

子查询：

DELETE
FROM
    Person
WHERE
    id NOT IN ( SELECT id FROM ( SELECT min( id ) AS id FROM Person GROUP BY email ) AS m );

应该注意的是上述解法额外嵌套了一个 SELECT 语句，如果不这么做，会出现错误：You can't specify target table 'Person' for update in FROM clause。以下演示了这种错误解法。

DELETE
FROM
    Person
WHERE
    id NOT IN ( SELECT min( id ) AS id FROM Person GROUP BY email );

参考：pMySQL Error 1093 - Can't specify target table for update in FROM clause

175. Combine Two Tables

https://leetcode.com/problems/combine-two-tables/description/

Description

Person 表：

+-------------+---------+
| Column Name | Type    |
+-------------+---------+
| PersonId    | int     |
| FirstName   | varchar |
| LastName    | varchar |
+-------------+---------+
PersonId is the primary key column for this table.

Address 表：

+-------------+---------+
| Column Name | Type    |
+-------------+---------+
| AddressId   | int     |
| PersonId    | int     |
| City        | varchar |
| State       | varchar |
+-------------+---------+
AddressId is the primary key column for this table.

查找 FirstName, LastName, City, State 数据，而不管一个用户有没有填地址信息。

SQL Schema

DROP TABLE
IF
    EXISTS Person;
CREATE TABLE Person ( PersonId INT, FirstName VARCHAR ( 255 ), LastName VARCHAR ( 255 ) );
DROP TABLE
IF
    EXISTS Address;
CREATE TABLE Address ( AddressId INT, PersonId INT, City VARCHAR ( 255 ), State VARCHAR ( 255 ) );
INSERT INTO Person ( PersonId, LastName, FirstName )
VALUES
    ( 1, 'Wang', 'Allen' );
INSERT INTO Address ( AddressId, PersonId, City, State )
VALUES
    ( 1, 2, 'New York City', 'New York' );

Solution

涉及到 Person 和 Address 两个表，在对这两个表执行连接操作时，因为要保留 Person 表中的信息，即使在 Address 表中没有关联的信息也要保留。此时可以用左外连接，将 Person 表放在 LEFT JOIN 的左边。

SELECT
    FirstName,
    LastName,
    City,
    State
FROM
    Person P
    LEFT JOIN Address A
    ON P.PersonId = A.PersonId;

181. Employees Earning More Than Their Managers

https://leetcode.com/problems/employees-earning-more-than-their-managers/description/

Description

Employee 表：

+----+-------+--------+-----------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | ManagerId |
+----+-------+--------+-----------+
| 1  | Joe   | 70000  | 3         |
| 2  | Henry | 80000  | 4         |
| 3  | Sam   | 60000  | NULL      |
| 4  | Max   | 90000  | NULL      |
+----+-------+--------+-----------+

查找薪资大于其经理薪资的员工信息。

SQL Schema

DROP TABLE
IF
    EXISTS Employee;
CREATE TABLE Employee ( Id INT, NAME VARCHAR ( 255 ), Salary INT, ManagerId INT );
INSERT INTO Employee ( Id, NAME, Salary, ManagerId )
VALUES
    ( 1, 'Joe', 70000, 3 ),
    ( 2, 'Henry', 80000, 4 ),
    ( 3, 'Sam', 60000, NULL ),
    ( 4, 'Max', 90000, NULL );

Solution

SELECT
    E1.NAME AS Employee
FROM
    Employee E1
    INNER JOIN Employee E2
    ON E1.ManagerId = E2.Id
    AND E1.Salary > E2.Salary;

183. Customers Who Never Order

https://leetcode.com/problems/customers-who-never-order/description/

Description

Customers 表：

+----+-------+
| Id | Name  |
+----+-------+
| 1  | Joe   |
| 2  | Henry |
| 3  | Sam   |
| 4  | Max   |
+----+-------+

Orders 表：

+----+------------+
| Id | CustomerId |
+----+------------+
| 1  | 3          |
| 2  | 1          |
+----+------------+

查找没有订单的顾客信息：

+-----------+
| Customers |
+-----------+
| Henry     |
| Max       |
+-----------+

SQL Schema

DROP TABLE
IF
    EXISTS Customers;
CREATE TABLE Customers ( Id INT, NAME VARCHAR ( 255 ) );
DROP TABLE
IF
    EXISTS Orders;
CREATE TABLE Orders ( Id INT, CustomerId INT );
INSERT INTO Customers ( Id, NAME )
VALUES
    ( 1, 'Joe' ),
    ( 2, 'Henry' ),
    ( 3, 'Sam' ),
    ( 4, 'Max' );
INSERT INTO Orders ( Id, CustomerId )
VALUES
    ( 1, 3 ),
    ( 2, 1 );

Solution

左外链接

SELECT
    C.Name AS Customers
FROM
    Customers C
    LEFT JOIN Orders O
    ON C.Id = O.CustomerId
WHERE
    O.CustomerId IS NULL;

子查询

SELECT
    Name AS Customers
FROM
    Customers
WHERE
    Id NOT IN ( SELECT CustomerId FROM Orders );

184. Department Highest Salary

https://leetcode.com/problems/department-highest-salary/description/

Description

Employee 表：

+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1  | Joe   | 70000  | 1            |
| 2  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
| 3  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
| 4  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+

Department 表：

+----+----------+
| Id | Name     |
+----+----------+
| 1  | IT       |
| 2  | Sales    |
+----+----------+

查找一个 Department 中收入最高者的信息：

+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Max      | 90000  |
| Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
+------------+----------+--------+

SQL Schema

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Employee;
CREATE TABLE Employee ( Id INT, NAME VARCHAR ( 255 ), Salary INT, DepartmentId INT );
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Department;
CREATE TABLE Department ( Id INT, NAME VARCHAR ( 255 ) );
INSERT INTO Employee ( Id, NAME, Salary, DepartmentId )
VALUES
    ( 1, 'Joe', 70000, 1 ),
    ( 2, 'Henry', 80000, 2 ),
    ( 3, 'Sam', 60000, 2 ),
    ( 4, 'Max', 90000, 1 );
INSERT INTO Department ( Id, NAME )
VALUES
    ( 1, 'IT' ),
    ( 2, 'Sales' );

Solution

创建一个临时表，包含了部门员工的最大薪资。可以对部门进行分组，然后使用 MAX() 汇总函数取得最大薪资。

之后使用连接找到一个部门中薪资等于临时表中最大薪资的员工。

SELECT
    D.NAME Department,
    E.NAME Employee,
    E.Salary
FROM
    Employee E,
    Department D,
    ( SELECT DepartmentId, MAX( Salary ) Salary FROM Employee GROUP BY DepartmentId ) M
WHERE
    E.DepartmentId = D.Id
    AND E.DepartmentId = M.DepartmentId
    AND E.Salary = M.Salary;

176. Second Highest Salary

https://leetcode.com/problems/second-highest-salary/description/

Description

+----+--------+
| Id | Salary |
+----+--------+
| 1  | 100    |
| 2  | 200    |
| 3  | 300    |
+----+--------+

查找工资第二高的员工。

+---------------------+
| SecondHighestSalary |
+---------------------+
| 200                 |
+---------------------+

没有找到返回 null 而不是不返回数据。

SQL Schema

DROP TABLE
IF
    EXISTS Employee;
CREATE TABLE Employee ( Id INT, Salary INT );
INSERT INTO Employee ( Id, Salary )
VALUES
    ( 1, 100 ),
    ( 2, 200 ),
    ( 3, 300 );

Solution

为了在没有查找到数据时返回 null，需要在查询结果外面再套一层 SELECT。

SELECT
    ( SELECT DISTINCT Salary FROM Employee ORDER BY Salary DESC LIMIT 1, 1 ) SecondHighestSalary;

177. Nth Highest Salary

Description

查找工资第 N 高的员工。

SQL Schema

同 176。

Solution

CREATE FUNCTION getNthHighestSalary ( N INT ) RETURNS INT BEGIN

SET N = N - 1;
RETURN ( SELECT ( SELECT DISTINCT Salary FROM Employee ORDER BY Salary DESC LIMIT N, 1 ) );

END

178. Rank Scores

https://leetcode.com/problems/rank-scores/description/

Description

得分表：

+----+-------+
| Id | Score |
+----+-------+
| 1  | 3.50  |
| 2  | 3.65  |
| 3  | 4.00  |
| 4  | 3.85  |
| 5  | 4.00  |
| 6  | 3.65  |
+----+-------+

将得分排序，并统计排名。

+-------+------+
| Score | Rank |
+-------+------+
| 4.00  | 1    |
| 4.00  | 1    |
| 3.85  | 2    |
| 3.65  | 3    |
| 3.65  | 3    |
| 3.50  | 4    |
+-------+------+

SQL Schema

DROP TABLE
IF
    EXISTS Scores;
CREATE TABLE Scores ( Id INT, Score DECIMAL ( 3, 2 ) );
INSERT INTO Scores ( Id, Score )
VALUES
    ( 1, 3.5 ),
    ( 2, 3.65 ),
    ( 3, 4.0 ),
    ( 4, 3.85 ),
    ( 5, 4.0 ),
    ( 6, 3.65 );

Solution

要统计某个 score 的排名，只要统计大于该 score 的 score 数量，然后加 1。

score	大于该 score 的 score 数量	排名
4.1	2	3
4.2	1	2
4.3	0	1

但是在本题中，相同的 score 只算一个排名：

score	排名
4.1	3
4.1	3
4.2	2
4.2	2
4.3	1
4.3	1

可以按 score 进行分组，将同一个分组中的 score 只当成一个。

但是如果分组字段只有 score 的话，那么相同的 score 最后的结果只会有一个，例如上面的 6 个记录最后只取出 3 个。

score	排名
4.1	3
4.2	2
4.3	1

所以在分组中需要加入 Id，每个记录显示一个结果。综上，需要使用 score 和 id 两个分组字段。

在下面的实现中，首先将 Scores 表根据 score 字段进行自连接，得到一个新表，然后在新表上对 id 和 score 进行分组。

SELECT
    S1.score 'Score',
    COUNT( DISTINCT S2.score ) 'Rank'
FROM
    Scores S1
    INNER JOIN Scores S2
    ON S1.score <= S2.score
GROUP BY
    S1.id, S1.score
ORDER BY
    S1.score DESC;

180. Consecutive Numbers

https://leetcode.com/problems/consecutive-numbers/description/

Description

数字表：

+----+-----+
| Id | Num |
+----+-----+
| 1  |  1  |
| 2  |  1  |
| 3  |  1  |
| 4  |  2  |
| 5  |  1  |
| 6  |  2  |
| 7  |  2  |
+----+-----+

查找连续出现三次的数字。

+-----------------+
| ConsecutiveNums |
+-----------------+
| 1               |
+-----------------+

SQL Schema

DROP TABLE
IF
    EXISTS LOGS;
CREATE TABLE LOGS ( Id INT, Num INT );
INSERT INTO LOGS ( Id, Num )
VALUES
    ( 1, 1 ),
    ( 2, 1 ),
    ( 3, 1 ),
    ( 4, 2 ),
    ( 5, 1 ),
    ( 6, 2 ),
    ( 7, 2 );

Solution

SELECT
    DISTINCT L1.num ConsecutiveNums
FROM
    Logs L1,
    Logs L2,
    Logs L3
WHERE L1.id = l2.id - 1
    AND L2.id = L3.id - 1
    AND L1.num = L2.num
    AND l2.num = l3.num;

626. Exchange Seats

https://leetcode.com/problems/exchange-seats/description/

Description

seat 表存储着座位对应的学生。

+---------+---------+
|    id   | student |
+---------+---------+
|    1    | Abbot   |
|    2    | Doris   |
|    3    | Emerson |
|    4    | Green   |
|    5    | Jeames  |
+---------+---------+

要求交换相邻座位的两个学生，如果最后一个座位是奇数，那么不交换这个座位上的学生。

+---------+---------+
|    id   | student |
+---------+---------+
|    1    | Doris   |
|    2    | Abbot   |
|    3    | Green   |
|    4    | Emerson |
|    5    | Jeames  |
+---------+---------+

SQL Schema

DROP TABLE
IF
    EXISTS seat;
CREATE TABLE seat ( id INT, student VARCHAR ( 255 ) );
INSERT INTO seat ( id, student )
VALUES
    ( '1', 'Abbot' ),
    ( '2', 'Doris' ),
    ( '3', 'Emerson' ),
    ( '4', 'Green' ),
    ( '5', 'Jeames' );

Solution

使用多个 union。

# 处理偶数 id，让 id 减 1
# 例如 2,4,6,... 变成 1,3,5,...
SELECT
    s1.id - 1 AS id,
    s1.student
FROM
    seat s1
WHERE
    s1.id MOD 2 = 0 UNION
# 处理奇数 id，让 id 加 1。但是如果最大的 id 为奇数，则不做处理
# 例如 1,3,5,... 变成 2,4,6,...
SELECT
    s2.id + 1 AS id,
    s2.student
FROM
    seat s2
WHERE
    s2.id MOD 2 = 1
    AND s2.id != ( SELECT max( s3.id ) FROM seat s3 ) UNION
# 如果最大的 id 为奇数，单独取出这个数
SELECT
    s4.id AS id,
    s4.student
FROM
    seat s4
WHERE
    s4.id MOD 2 = 1
    AND s4.id = ( SELECT max( s5.id ) FROM seat s5 )
ORDER BY
    id;

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21 KiB Raw Blame History Unescape Escape

595. Big Countries

Description

SQL Schema

Solution

627. Swap Salary

Description

SQL Schema

Solution

620. Not Boring Movies

Description

SQL Schema

Solution

596. Classes More Than 5 Students

Description

SQL Schema

Solution

182. Duplicate Emails

Description

SQL Schema

Solution

196. Delete Duplicate Emails

Description

SQL Schema

Solution

175. Combine Two Tables

Description

SQL Schema

Solution

181. Employees Earning More Than Their Managers

Description

SQL Schema

Solution

183. Customers Who Never Order

Description

SQL Schema

Solution

184. Department Highest Salary

Description

SQL Schema

Solution

176. Second Highest Salary

Description

SQL Schema

Solution

177. Nth Highest Salary

Description

SQL Schema

Solution

178. Rank Scores

Description

SQL Schema

Solution

180. Consecutive Numbers

Description

SQL Schema

Solution

626. Exchange Seats

Description

SQL Schema

Solution

微信公众号

21 KiB

Raw Blame History