CS-Notes/notes/算法 - 栈和队列.md
2020-11-17 00:32:18 +08:00

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# 算法 - 栈和队列
<!-- GFM-TOC -->
* [算法 - 栈和队列](#算法---栈和队列)
* [](#)
* [1. 数组实现](#1-数组实现)
* [2. 链表实现](#2-链表实现)
* [队列](#队列)
<!-- GFM-TOC -->
##
```java
public interface MyStack<Item> extends Iterable<Item> {
MyStack<Item> push(Item item);
Item pop() throws Exception;
boolean isEmpty();
int size();
}
```
### 1. 数组实现
```java
public class ArrayStack<Item> implements MyStack<Item> {
// 栈元素数组,只能通过转型来创建泛型数组
private Item[] a = (Item[]) new Object[1];
// 元素数量
private int N = 0;
@Override
public MyStack<Item> push(Item item) {
check();
a[N++] = item;
return this;
}
@Override
public Item pop() throws Exception {
if (isEmpty()) {
throw new Exception("stack is empty");
}
Item item = a[--N];
check();
// 避免对象游离
a[N] = null;
return item;
}
private void check() {
if (N >= a.length) {
resize(2 * a.length);
} else if (N > 0 && N <= a.length / 4) {
resize(a.length / 2);
}
}
/**
* 调整数组大小,使得栈具有伸缩性
*/
private void resize(int size) {
Item[] tmp = (Item[]) new Object[size];
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
tmp[i] = a[i];
}
a = tmp;
}
@Override
public boolean isEmpty() {
return N == 0;
}
@Override
public int size() {
return N;
}
@Override
public Iterator<Item> iterator() {
// 返回逆序遍历的迭代器
return new Iterator<Item>() {
private int i = N;
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
return i > 0;
}
@Override
public Item next() {
return a[--i];
}
};
}
}
```
### 2. 链表实现
需要使用链表的头插法来实现因为头插法中最后压入栈的元素在链表的开头它的 next 指针指向前一个压入栈的元素在弹出元素时就可以通过 next 指针遍历到前一个压入栈的元素从而让这个元素成为新的栈顶元素
```java
public class ListStack<Item> implements MyStack<Item> {
private Node top = null;
private int N = 0;
private class Node {
Item item;
Node next;
}
@Override
public MyStack<Item> push(Item item) {
Node newTop = new Node();
newTop.item = item;
newTop.next = top;
top = newTop;
N++;
return this;
}
@Override
public Item pop() throws Exception {
if (isEmpty()) {
throw new Exception("stack is empty");
}
Item item = top.item;
top = top.next;
N--;
return item;
}
@Override
public boolean isEmpty() {
return N == 0;
}
@Override
public int size() {
return N;
}
@Override
public Iterator<Item> iterator() {
return new Iterator<Item>() {
private Node cur = top;
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
return cur != null;
}
@Override
public Item next() {
Item item = cur.item;
cur = cur.next;
return item;
}
};
}
}
```
## 队列
下面是队列的链表实现需要维护 first last 节点指针分别指向队首和队尾
这里需要考虑 first last 指针哪个作为链表的开头因为出队列操作需要让队首元素的下一个元素成为队首所以需要容易获取下一个元素而链表的头部节点的 next 指针指向下一个元素因此可以让 first 指针链表的开头
```java
public interface MyQueue<Item> extends Iterable<Item> {
int size();
boolean isEmpty();
MyQueue<Item> add(Item item);
Item remove() throws Exception;
}
```
```java
public class ListQueue<Item> implements MyQueue<Item> {
private Node first;
private Node last;
int N = 0;
private class Node {
Item item;
Node next;
}
@Override
public boolean isEmpty() {
return N == 0;
}
@Override
public int size() {
return N;
}
@Override
public MyQueue<Item> add(Item item) {
Node newNode = new Node();
newNode.item = item;
newNode.next = null;
if (isEmpty()) {
last = newNode;
first = newNode;
} else {
last.next = newNode;
last = newNode;
}
N++;
return this;
}
@Override
public Item remove() throws Exception {
if (isEmpty()) {
throw new Exception("queue is empty");
}
Node node = first;
first = first.next;
N--;
if (isEmpty()) {
last = null;
}
return node.item;
}
@Override
public Iterator<Item> iterator() {
return new Iterator<Item>() {
Node cur = first;
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
return cur != null;
}
@Override
public Item next() {
Item item = cur.item;
cur = cur.next;
return item;
}
};
}
}
```