#pragma once #include #include #include #include #include #include namespace xlnt { /// A stream buffer getting data from and putting data into a Python file object /** The aims are as follow: - Given a C++ function acting on a standard stream, e.g. \code void read_inputs(std::istream& input) { ... input >> something >> something_else; } \endcode and given a piece of Python code which creates a file-like object, to be able to pass this file object to that C++ function, e.g. \code import gzip gzip_file_obj = gzip.GzipFile(...) read_inputs(gzip_file_obj) \endcode and have the standard stream pull data from and put data into the Python file object. - When Python \c read_inputs() returns, the Python object is able to continue reading or writing where the C++ code left off. - Operations in C++ on mere files should be competitively fast compared to the direct use of \c std::fstream. \b Motivation - the standard Python library offer of file-like objects (files, compressed files and archives, network, ...) is far superior to the offer of streams in the C++ standard library and Boost C++ libraries. - i/o code involves a fair amount of text processing which is more efficiently prototyped in Python but then one may need to rewrite a time-critical part in C++, in as seamless a manner as possible. \b Usage This is 2-step: - a trivial wrapper function \code using boost_adaptbx::python::streambuf; void read_inputs_wrapper(streambuf& input) { streambuf::istream is(input); read_inputs(is); } def("read_inputs", read_inputs_wrapper); \endcode which has to be written every time one wants a Python binding for such a C++ function. - the Python side \code from boost.python import streambuf read_inputs(streambuf(python_file_obj=obj, buffer_size=1024)) \endcode \c buffer_size is optional. See also: \c default_buffer_size Note: references are to the C++ standard (the numbers between parentheses at the end of references are margin markers). */ class python_streambuf : public std::basic_streambuf { private: typedef std::basic_streambuf base_t; public: /* The syntax using base_t::char_type; would be nicer but Visual Studio C++ 8 chokes on it */ typedef base_t::char_type char_type; typedef base_t::int_type int_type; typedef base_t::pos_type pos_type; typedef base_t::off_type off_type; typedef base_t::traits_type traits_type; // work around Visual C++ 7.1 problem inline static int traits_type_eof() { return traits_type::eof(); } /// The default size of the read and write buffer. /** They are respectively used to buffer data read from and data written to the Python file object. It can be modified from Python. */ static std::size_t default_buffer_size; /// Construct from a Python file object /** if buffer_size is 0 the current default_buffer_size is used. */ python_streambuf( PyObject *python_file_obj, std::size_t buffer_size_ = 0) : py_read (PyObject_GetAttrString(python_file_obj, "read")), py_write(PyObject_GetAttrString(python_file_obj, "write")), py_seek (PyObject_GetAttrString(python_file_obj, "seek")), py_tell (PyObject_GetAttrString(python_file_obj, "tell")), buffer_size(buffer_size_ != 0 ? buffer_size_ : default_buffer_size), write_buffer(0), pos_of_read_buffer_end_in_py_file(0), pos_of_write_buffer_end_in_py_file(buffer_size), farthest_pptr(0) { assert(buffer_size != 0); /* Some Python file objects (e.g. sys.stdout and sys.stdin) have non-functional seek and tell. If so, assign None to py_tell and py_seek. */ if (py_tell != nullptr) { PyObject_CallFunction(py_tell, nullptr); if (PyErr_Occurred() != nullptr) { py_tell = nullptr; py_seek = nullptr; PyErr_Clear(); } } if (py_write != nullptr) { // C-like string to make debugging easier write_buffer = new char[buffer_size + 1]; write_buffer[buffer_size] = '\0'; setp(write_buffer, write_buffer + buffer_size); // 27.5.2.4.5 (5) farthest_pptr = pptr(); } else { // The first attempt at output will result in a call to overflow setp(0, 0); } if (py_tell != nullptr) { auto py_pos = extract_int(PyObject_CallFunction(py_tell, nullptr)); pos_of_read_buffer_end_in_py_file = py_pos; pos_of_write_buffer_end_in_py_file = py_pos; } } /// Mundane destructor freeing the allocated resources virtual ~python_streambuf() { if (write_buffer) delete[] write_buffer; } /// C.f. C++ standard section 27.5.2.4.3 /** It is essential to override this virtual function for the stream member function readsome to work correctly (c.f. 27.6.1.3, alinea 30) */ virtual std::streamsize showmanyc() { int_type const failure = traits_type::eof(); int_type status = underflow(); if (status == failure) return -1; return egptr() - gptr(); } /// C.f. C++ standard section 27.5.2.4.3 virtual int_type underflow() { int_type const failure = traits_type::eof(); if (py_read == nullptr) { throw std::invalid_argument( "That Python file object has no 'read' attribute"); } read_buffer = PyObject_CallFunction(py_read, "i", buffer_size); char *read_buffer_data = nullptr; Py_ssize_t py_n_read = 0; if (PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(read_buffer, &read_buffer_data, &py_n_read) == -1) { setg(0, 0, 0); throw std::invalid_argument( "The method 'read' of the Python file object " "did not return a string."); } auto n_read = (off_type)py_n_read; pos_of_read_buffer_end_in_py_file += n_read; setg(read_buffer_data, read_buffer_data, read_buffer_data + n_read); // ^^^27.5.2.3.1 (4) if (n_read == 0) return failure; return traits_type::to_int_type(read_buffer_data[0]); } /// C.f. C++ standard section 27.5.2.4.5 virtual int_type overflow(int_type c=traits_type_eof()) { if (py_write == nullptr) { throw std::invalid_argument( "That Python file object has no 'write' attribute"); } farthest_pptr = std::max(farthest_pptr, pptr()); auto n_written = (off_type)(farthest_pptr - pbase()); auto chunk = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(pbase(), farthest_pptr - pbase()); PyObject_CallFunction(py_write, "O", chunk); if (!traits_type::eq_int_type(c, traits_type::eof())) { auto ch = traits_type::to_char_type(c); PyObject_CallFunction(py_write, "y#", reinterpret_cast(&ch), 1); n_written++; } if (n_written) { pos_of_write_buffer_end_in_py_file += n_written; setp(pbase(), epptr()); // ^^^ 27.5.2.4.5 (5) farthest_pptr = pptr(); } return traits_type::eq_int_type( c, traits_type::eof()) ? traits_type::not_eof(c) : c; } /// Update the python file to reflect the state of this stream buffer /** Empty the write buffer into the Python file object and set the seek position of the latter accordingly (C++ standard section 27.5.2.4.2). If there is no write buffer or it is empty, but there is a non-empty read buffer, set the Python file object seek position to the seek position in that read buffer. */ virtual int sync() { int result = 0; farthest_pptr = std::max(farthest_pptr, pptr()); if (farthest_pptr && farthest_pptr > pbase()) { off_type delta = pptr() - farthest_pptr; int_type status = overflow(); if (traits_type::eq_int_type(status, traits_type::eof())) result = -1; if (py_seek != nullptr) { PyObject_CallFunction(py_seek, "i", delta); } } else if (gptr() && gptr() < egptr()) { if (py_seek != nullptr) { PyObject_CallFunction(py_seek, "ii", gptr() - egptr(), 1); } } return result; } /// C.f. C++ standard section 27.5.2.4.2 /** This implementation is optimised to look whether the position is within the buffers, so as to avoid calling Python seek or tell. It is important for many applications that the overhead of calling into Python is avoided as much as possible (e.g. parsers which may do a lot of backtracking) */ virtual pos_type seekoff(off_type off, std::ios_base::seekdir way, std::ios_base::openmode which= std::ios_base::in | std::ios_base::out) { /* In practice, "which" is either std::ios_base::in or out since we end up here because either seekp or seekg was called on the stream using this buffer. That simplifies the code in a few places. */ int const failure = off_type(-1); if (py_seek == nullptr) { throw std::invalid_argument( "That Python file object has no 'seek' attribute"); } // we need the read buffer to contain something! if (which == std::ios_base::in && !gptr()) { if (traits_type::eq_int_type(underflow(), traits_type::eof())) { return failure; } } // compute the whence parameter for Python seek int whence; switch (way) { case std::ios_base::beg: whence = 0; break; case std::ios_base::cur: whence = 1; break; case std::ios_base::end: whence = 2; break; default: return failure; } // Let's have a go boost::optional result = seekoff_without_calling_python( off, way, which); if (!result) { // we need to call Python if (which == std::ios_base::out) overflow(); if (way == std::ios_base::cur) { if (which == std::ios_base::in) off -= egptr() - gptr(); else if (which == std::ios_base::out) off += pptr() - pbase(); } PyObject_CallFunction(py_seek, "ii", off, whence); result = extract_int(PyObject_CallFunction(py_tell, nullptr)); if (which == std::ios_base::in) underflow(); } return *result; } /// C.f. C++ standard section 27.5.2.4.2 virtual pos_type seekpos(pos_type sp, std::ios_base::openmode which= std::ios_base::in | std::ios_base::out) { return python_streambuf::seekoff(sp, std::ios_base::beg, which); } private: PyObject *py_read = nullptr; PyObject *py_write = nullptr; PyObject *py_seek = nullptr; PyObject *py_tell = nullptr; std::size_t buffer_size; /* This is actually a Python string and the actual read buffer is its internal data, i.e. an array of characters. We use a Boost.Python object so as to hold on it: as a result, the actual buffer can't go away. */ PyObject *read_buffer = nullptr; /* A mere array of char's allocated on the heap at construction time and de-allocated only at destruction time. */ char *write_buffer = nullptr; off_type pos_of_read_buffer_end_in_py_file, pos_of_write_buffer_end_in_py_file; // the farthest place the buffer has been written into char *farthest_pptr = nullptr; boost::optional seekoff_without_calling_python( off_type off, std::ios_base::seekdir way, std::ios_base::openmode which) { boost::optional const failure; // Buffer range and current position off_type buf_begin, buf_end, buf_cur, upper_bound; off_type pos_of_buffer_end_in_py_file; if (which == std::ios_base::in) { pos_of_buffer_end_in_py_file = pos_of_read_buffer_end_in_py_file; buf_begin = reinterpret_cast(eback()); buf_cur = reinterpret_cast(gptr()); buf_end = reinterpret_cast(egptr()); upper_bound = buf_end; } else if (which == std::ios_base::out) { pos_of_buffer_end_in_py_file = pos_of_write_buffer_end_in_py_file; buf_begin = reinterpret_cast(pbase()); buf_cur = reinterpret_cast(pptr()); buf_end = reinterpret_cast(epptr()); farthest_pptr = std::max(farthest_pptr, pptr()); upper_bound = reinterpret_cast(farthest_pptr) + 1; } else { throw std::runtime_error("unreachable"); } // Sought position in "buffer coordinate" off_type buf_sought; if (way == std::ios_base::cur) { buf_sought = buf_cur + off; } else if (way == std::ios_base::beg) { buf_sought = buf_end + (off - pos_of_buffer_end_in_py_file); } else if (way == std::ios_base::end) { return failure; } else { throw std::runtime_error("unreachable"); } // if the sought position is not in the buffer, give up if (buf_sought < buf_begin || buf_sought >= upper_bound) return failure; // we are in wonderland if (which == std::ios_base::in) gbump(static_cast(buf_sought - buf_cur)); else if (which == std::ios_base::out) pbump(static_cast(buf_sought - buf_cur)); return pos_of_buffer_end_in_py_file + (buf_sought - buf_end); } template T extract_int(PyObject *o) { auto value = PyLong_AsLong(o); Py_DECREF(o); return static_cast(value); } }; std::size_t python_streambuf::default_buffer_size = 1024; } // namespace xlnt