use pybind11 instead of raw C Python API, python_streambuffer is broken for now

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ if(TESTS)
     add_subdirectory(tests)
 endif()
 
-if(ARROW)
+if(PYTHON)
     add_subdirectory(xlntpyarrow)
 endif()
 

cmake/FindArrow.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+# - Find ARROW (arrow/api.h, libarrow.a, libarrow.so)
+# This module defines
+#  ARROW_INCLUDE_DIR, directory containing headers
+#  ARROW_LIBS, directory containing arrow libraries
+#  ARROW_STATIC_LIB, path to libarrow.a
+#  ARROW_SHARED_LIB, path to libarrow's shared library
+#  ARROW_SHARED_IMP_LIB, path to libarrow's import library (MSVC only)
+#  ARROW_FOUND, whether arrow has been found
+
+include(FindPkgConfig)
+
+if ("$ENV{ARROW_HOME}" STREQUAL "")
+  pkg_check_modules(ARROW arrow)
+  if (ARROW_FOUND)
+    pkg_get_variable(ARROW_ABI_VERSION arrow abi_version)
+    message(STATUS "Arrow ABI version: ${ARROW_ABI_VERSION}")
+    pkg_get_variable(ARROW_SO_VERSION arrow so_version)
+    message(STATUS "Arrow SO version: ${ARROW_SO_VERSION}")
+    set(ARROW_INCLUDE_DIR ${ARROW_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+    set(ARROW_LIBS ${ARROW_LIBRARY_DIRS})
+    set(ARROW_SEARCH_LIB_PATH ${ARROW_LIBRARY_DIRS})
+  endif()
+else()
+  set(ARROW_HOME "$ENV{ARROW_HOME}")
+
+  set(ARROW_SEARCH_HEADER_PATHS
+    ${ARROW_HOME}/include
+    )
+
+  set(ARROW_SEARCH_LIB_PATH
+    ${ARROW_HOME}/lib
+    )
+
+  find_path(ARROW_INCLUDE_DIR arrow/array.h PATHS
+    ${ARROW_SEARCH_HEADER_PATHS}
+    # make sure we don't accidentally pick up a different version
+    NO_DEFAULT_PATH
+    )
+endif()
+
+find_library(ARROW_LIB_PATH NAMES arrow
+  PATHS
+  ${ARROW_SEARCH_LIB_PATH}
+  NO_DEFAULT_PATH)
+get_filename_component(ARROW_LIBS ${ARROW_LIB_PATH} DIRECTORY)
+
+find_library(ARROW_PYTHON_LIB_PATH NAMES arrow_python
+  PATHS
+  ${ARROW_SEARCH_LIB_PATH}
+  NO_DEFAULT_PATH)
+get_filename_component(ARROW_PYTHON_LIBS ${ARROW_PYTHON_LIB_PATH} DIRECTORY)
+
+if (MSVC)
+  SET(CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_SUFFIXES ".lib" ".dll")
+
+  if (MSVC AND NOT ARROW_MSVC_STATIC_LIB_SUFFIX)
+    set(ARROW_MSVC_STATIC_LIB_SUFFIX "_static")
+  endif()
+
+  find_library(ARROW_SHARED_LIBRARIES NAMES arrow
+    PATHS ${ARROW_HOME} NO_DEFAULT_PATH
+    PATH_SUFFIXES "bin" )
+
+  find_library(ARROW_PYTHON_SHARED_LIBRARIES NAMES arrow_python
+    PATHS ${ARROW_HOME} NO_DEFAULT_PATH
+    PATH_SUFFIXES "bin" )
+  get_filename_component(ARROW_SHARED_LIBS ${ARROW_SHARED_LIBRARIES} PATH )
+  get_filename_component(ARROW_PYTHON_SHARED_LIBS ${ARROW_PYTHON_SHARED_LIBRARIES} PATH )
+endif ()
+
+if (ARROW_INCLUDE_DIR AND ARROW_LIBS)
+  set(ARROW_FOUND TRUE)
+  set(ARROW_LIB_NAME arrow)
+  set(ARROW_PYTHON_LIB_NAME arrow_python)
+  if (MSVC)
+    set(ARROW_STATIC_LIB ${ARROW_LIBS}/${ARROW_LIB_NAME}${ARROW_MSVC_STATIC_LIB_SUFFIX}${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX})
+    set(ARROW_PYTHON_STATIC_LIB ${ARROW_PYTHON_LIBS}/${ARROW_PYTHON_LIB_NAME}${ARROW_MSVC_STATIC_LIB_SUFFIX}${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX})
+    set(ARROW_SHARED_LIB ${ARROW_SHARED_LIBS}/${ARROW_LIB_NAME}${CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_SUFFIX})
+    set(ARROW_PYTHON_SHARED_LIB ${ARROW_PYTHON_SHARED_LIBS}/${ARROW_PYTHON_LIB_NAME}${CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_SUFFIX})
+    set(ARROW_SHARED_IMP_LIB ${ARROW_LIBS}/${ARROW_LIB_NAME}.lib)
+    set(ARROW_PYTHON_SHARED_IMP_LIB ${ARROW_PYTHON_LIBS}/${ARROW_PYTHON_LIB_NAME}.lib)
+  else()
+    set(ARROW_STATIC_LIB ${ARROW_PYTHON_LIB_PATH}/lib${ARROW_LIB_NAME}.a)
+    set(ARROW_PYTHON_STATIC_LIB ${ARROW_PYTHON_LIB_PATH}/lib${ARROW_PYTHON_LIB_NAME}.a)
+
+    set(ARROW_SHARED_LIB ${ARROW_LIBS}/lib${ARROW_LIB_NAME}${CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_SUFFIX})
+    set(ARROW_PYTHON_SHARED_LIB ${ARROW_LIBS}/lib${ARROW_PYTHON_LIB_NAME}${CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_SUFFIX})
+  endif()
+endif()
+
+if (ARROW_FOUND)
+  if (NOT Arrow_FIND_QUIETLY)
+    message(STATUS "Found the Arrow core library: ${ARROW_LIB_PATH}")
+    message(STATUS "Found the Arrow Python library: ${ARROW_PYTHON_LIB_PATH}")
+  endif ()
+else ()
+  if (NOT Arrow_FIND_QUIETLY)
+    set(ARROW_ERR_MSG "Could not find the Arrow library. Looked for headers")
+    set(ARROW_ERR_MSG "${ARROW_ERR_MSG} in ${ARROW_SEARCH_HEADER_PATHS}, and for libs")
+    set(ARROW_ERR_MSG "${ARROW_ERR_MSG} in ${ARROW_SEARCH_LIB_PATH}")
+    if (Arrow_FIND_REQUIRED)
+      message(FATAL_ERROR "${ARROW_ERR_MSG}")
+    else (Arrow_FIND_REQUIRED)
+      message(STATUS "${ARROW_ERR_MSG}")
+    endif (Arrow_FIND_REQUIRED)
+  endif ()
+  set(ARROW_FOUND FALSE)
+endif ()
+
+mark_as_advanced(
+  ARROW_INCLUDE_DIR
+  ARROW_STATIC_LIB
+  ARROW_SHARED_LIB
+  ARROW_PYTHON_STATIC_LIB
+  ARROW_PYTHON_SHARED_LIB
+)

source/detail/implementations/stylesheet.hpp

@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ struct stylesheet
 
     workbook *parent;
     
-    bool garbage_collection_enabled = false;
+    bool garbage_collection_enabled = true;
 
 	std::list<conditional_format_impl> conditional_format_impls;
     std::list<format_impl> format_impls;

tests/cell/cell_test_suite.hpp

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ class cell_test_suite : public test_suite
 public:
     cell_test_suite()
     {
+        register_test(test_temp);
         register_test(test_infer_numeric);
         register_test(test_constructor);
         register_test(test_null);
@@ -69,6 +70,25 @@ public:
     }
 
 private:
+    void test_temp()
+    {
+        xlnt::workbook workbook;
+        xlnt::worksheet worksheet = workbook.active_sheet();
+        xlnt::alignment center;
+        center.horizontal(xlnt::horizontal_alignment::center);
+        center.vertical(xlnt::vertical_alignment::center);
+        auto style = workbook.create_style("centered");
+        style.alignment(center);
+
+        for (std::uint32_t row = 1; row < 7000; ++row)
+        for (std::uint32_t column = 1; column < 13; ++column) {
+          xlnt::cell cell = worksheet.cell(column, row);
+          cell.value("test");
+          cell.style(style);
+        }
+
+        workbook.save("test.xlsx");
+    }
     void test_infer_numeric()
     {
         xlnt::workbook wb;

third-party/pybind11/.appveyor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+version: 1.0.{build}
+image:
+- Visual Studio 2017
+- Visual Studio 2015
+test: off
+build:
+  parallel: true
+platform:
+- x64
+- x86
+environment:
+  matrix:
+  - CONDA: 36
+    CPP: 14
+  - CONDA: 27
+    CPP: 14
+  - CONDA: 36
+    CPP: latest
+matrix:
+  exclude:
+    - image: Visual Studio 2015
+      platform: x86
+    - image: Visual Studio 2015
+      CPP: latest
+    - image: Visual Studio 2017
+      CPP: latest
+      platform: x86
+install:
+- ps: |
+    if ($env:PLATFORM -eq "x64") { $env:CMAKE_ARCH = "x64" }
+    if ($env:APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME -like "*Visual Studio 2017*") { $env:CMAKE_GENERATOR = "Visual Studio 15 2017" }
+    else { $env:CMAKE_GENERATOR = "Visual Studio 14 2015" }
+    if ($env:PYTHON) {
+      if ($env:PLATFORM -eq "x64") { $env:PYTHON = "$env:PYTHON-x64" }
+      $env:PATH = "C:\Python$env:PYTHON\;C:\Python$env:PYTHON\Scripts\;$env:PATH"
+      pip install --disable-pip-version-check --user --upgrade pip wheel
+      pip install pytest numpy scipy
+    } elseif ($env:CONDA) {
+      if ($env:CONDA -eq "27") { $env:CONDA = "" }
+      if ($env:PLATFORM -eq "x64") { $env:CONDA = "$env:CONDA-x64" }
+      $env:PATH = "C:\Miniconda$env:CONDA\;C:\Miniconda$env:CONDA\Scripts\;$env:PATH"
+      $env:PYTHONHOME = "C:\Miniconda$env:CONDA"
+      conda install -y -q pytest numpy scipy
+    }
+- ps: |
+    Start-FileDownload 'http://bitbucket.org/eigen/eigen/get/3.3.3.zip'
+    7z x 3.3.3.zip -y > $null
+    $env:CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH = "eigen-eigen-67e894c6cd8f"
+build_script:
+- cmake -G "%CMAKE_GENERATOR%" -A "%CMAKE_ARCH%"
+    -DPYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD=/std:c++%CPP%
+    -DPYBIND11_WERROR=ON
+    -DDOWNLOAD_CATCH=ON
+    -DCMAKE_SUPPRESS_REGENERATION=1
+- set MSBuildLogger="C:\Program Files\AppVeyor\BuildAgent\Appveyor.MSBuildLogger.dll"
+- cmake --build . --config Release --target pytest -- /v:m /logger:%MSBuildLogger%
+- cmake --build . --config Release --target cpptest -- /v:m /logger:%MSBuildLogger%
+- cmake --build . --config Release --target test_cmake_build -- /v:m /logger:%MSBuildLogger%
+on_failure: if exist "tests\test_cmake_build" type tests\test_cmake_build\*.log*

third-party/pybind11/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+CMakeCache.txt
+CMakeFiles
+Makefile
+cmake_install.cmake
+.DS_Store
+*.so
+*.pyd
+*.dll
+*.sln
+*.sdf
+*.opensdf
+*.vcxproj
+*.filters
+example.dir
+Win32
+x64
+Release
+Debug
+.vs
+CTestTestfile.cmake
+Testing
+autogen
+MANIFEST
+/.ninja_*
+/*.ninja
+/docs/.build
+*.py[co]
+*.egg-info
+*~
+.DS_Store
+/dist
+/build
+/cmake/
+.cache/
+sosize-*.txt
+pybind11Config*.cmake
+pybind11Targets.cmake

third-party/pybind11/.gitmodules

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[submodule "tools/clang"]
+	path = tools/clang
+	url = https://github.com/wjakob/clang-cindex-python3

third-party/pybind11/.readthedocs.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+python:
+  version: 3
+requirements_file: docs/requirements.txt

third-party/pybind11/.travis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+language: cpp
+dist: trusty
+sudo: false
+matrix:
+  include:
+  - os: linux
+    env: PYTHON=2.7 CPP=11 GCC=4.8
+    addons:
+      apt:
+        packages: [cmake=2.\*, cmake-data=2.\*]
+  - os: linux
+    env: PYTHON=3.6 CPP=11 GCC=4.8
+    addons:
+      apt:
+        sources: [deadsnakes]
+        packages: [python3.6-dev python3.6-venv, cmake=2.\*, cmake-data=2.\*]
+  - sudo: true
+    services: docker
+    env: PYTHON=2.7 CPP=14 GCC=6
+  - sudo: true
+    services: docker
+    env: PYTHON=3.5 CPP=14 GCC=6 DEBUG=1
+  - sudo: true
+    services: docker
+    env: PYTHON=3.6 CPP=17 GCC=7
+  - os: linux
+    env: PYTHON=3.6 CPP=17 CLANG=4.0
+    addons:
+      apt:
+        sources: [deadsnakes, llvm-toolchain-trusty-4.0]
+        packages: [python3.6-dev python3.6-venv clang-4.0 llvm-4.0-dev, lld-4.0]
+  - os: osx
+    osx_image: xcode7.3
+    env: PYTHON=2.7 CPP=14 CLANG
+  - os: osx
+    osx_image: xcode7.3
+    env: PYTHON=3.6 CPP=14 CLANG
+  # Test a PyPy 2.7 build
+  - os: linux
+    env: PYPY=5.8 PYTHON=2.7 CPP=11 GCC=4.8
+    addons:
+      apt:
+        packages: [libblas-dev, liblapack-dev, gfortran]
+  - sudo: true
+    services: docker
+    env: ARCH=i386 PYTHON=3.5 CPP=14 GCC=6
+  # This next one does a make install *before* testing, then builds the tests against the installed version:
+  - sudo: true
+    services: docker
+    env: PYTHON=3.5 CPP=14 CLANG=3.9 INSTALL=1
+    script:
+      - |
+        $SCRIPT_RUN_PREFIX sh -c "set -e
+        cmake ${CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS} -DPYBIND11_INSTALL=1 -DPYBIND11_TEST=0
+        make install
+        cp -a tests /pybind11-tests
+        mkdir /build-tests && cd /build-tests
+        cmake ../pybind11-tests ${CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS} -DPYBIND11_WERROR=ON
+        make pytest -j 2"
+  # A barebones build makes sure everything still works without optional deps (numpy/scipy/eigen)
+  # and also tests the automatic discovery functions in CMake (Python version, C++ standard).
+  - os: linux
+    env: BAREBONES PYTHON=3.5
+    install: $PY_CMD -m pip install --user --upgrade pytest
+  # Documentation build:
+  - os: linux
+    language: docs
+    env: DOCS STYLE LINT
+    install:
+    - export PATH="~/.local/bin:$PATH"
+    - $PY_CMD -m pip install --user --upgrade sphinx sphinx_rtd_theme breathe flake8 pep8-naming
+    - |
+      curl -fsSL ftp://ftp.stack.nl/pub/users/dimitri/doxygen-1.8.12.linux.bin.tar.gz | tar xz
+      export PATH="$PWD/doxygen-1.8.12/bin:$PATH"
+    script:
+    - make -C docs html SPHINX_OPTIONS=-W
+    - tools/check-style.sh
+    - flake8
+cache:
+  directories:
+  - $HOME/.local/bin
+  - $HOME/.local/lib
+  - $HOME/.local/include
+  - $HOME/Library/Python
+before_install:
+- |
+  # Configure build variables
+  if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
+    if [ -n "$CLANG" ]; then
+      export CXX=clang++-$CLANG CC=clang-$CLANG
+      COMPILER_PACKAGES="clang-$CLANG llvm-$CLANG-dev"
+    else
+      if [ -z "$GCC" ]; then GCC=4.8
+      else COMPILER_PACKAGES=g++-$GCC
+      fi
+      export CXX=g++-$GCC CC=gcc-$GCC
+    fi
+    if [ "$GCC" = "6" ] || [ "$CLANG" = "3.9" ]; then DOCKER=${ARCH:+$ARCH/}debian:stretch
+    elif [ "$GCC" = "7" ]; then DOCKER=debian:buster
+    fi
+  elif [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
+    export CXX=clang++ CC=clang;
+  fi
+  if [ -n "$CPP" ]; then CPP=-std=c++$CPP; fi
+  if [ "${PYTHON:0:1}" = "3" ]; then PY=3; fi
+  if [ -n "$DEBUG" ]; then CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="${CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS} -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug"; fi
+- |
+  # Initialize environment
+  set -e
+  if [ -n "$DOCKER" ]; then
+    docker pull $DOCKER
+
+    containerid=$(docker run --detach --tty \
+      --volume="$PWD":/pybind11 --workdir=/pybind11 \
+      --env="CC=$CC" --env="CXX=$CXX" --env="DEBIAN_FRONTEND=$DEBIAN_FRONTEND" \
+      --env=GCC_COLORS=\  \
+      $DOCKER)
+    SCRIPT_RUN_PREFIX="docker exec --tty $containerid"
+    $SCRIPT_RUN_PREFIX sh -c 'for s in 0 15; do sleep $s; apt-get update && apt-get -qy dist-upgrade && break; done'
+  else
+    if [ "$PYPY" = "5.8" ]; then
+      curl -fSL https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/downloads/pypy2-v5.8.0-linux64.tar.bz2 | tar xj
+      PY_CMD=$(echo `pwd`/pypy2-v5.8.0-linux64/bin/pypy)
+      CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="${CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS} -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE:FILEPATH=$PY_CMD"
+    else
+      PY_CMD=python$PYTHON
+      if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
+        if [ "$PY" = "3" ]; then
+          brew update; brew install python$PY;
+        else
+          curl -fsSL https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | $PY_CMD - --user
+        fi
+      fi
+    fi
+    if [ "$PY" = 3 ] || [ -n "$PYPY" ]; then
+      $PY_CMD -m ensurepip --user
+    fi
+    $PY_CMD -m pip install --user --upgrade pip wheel
+  fi
+  set +e
+install:
+- |
+  # Install dependencies
+  set -e
+  if [ -n "$DOCKER" ]; then
+    if [ -n "$DEBUG" ]; then
+      PY_DEBUG="python$PYTHON-dbg python$PY-scipy-dbg"
+      CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="${CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS} -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=/usr/bin/python${PYTHON}dm"
+    fi
+    $SCRIPT_RUN_PREFIX sh -c "for s in 0 15; do sleep \$s; \
+      apt-get -qy --no-install-recommends install \
+        $PY_DEBUG python$PYTHON-dev python$PY-pytest python$PY-scipy \
+        libeigen3-dev cmake make ${COMPILER_PACKAGES} && break; done"
+  else
+
+    if [ "$CLANG" = "4.0" ]; then
+      if ! [ -d ~/.local/include/c++/v1 ]; then
+        # Neither debian nor llvm provide a libc++ 4.0 deb; luckily it's fairly quick
+        # to build, install (and cache), so do it ourselves:
+        git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/llvm-mirror/llvm.git llvm-source
+        git clone https://github.com/llvm-mirror/libcxx.git llvm-source/projects/libcxx -b release_40
+        git clone https://github.com/llvm-mirror/libcxxabi.git llvm-source/projects/libcxxabi -b release_40
+        mkdir llvm-build && cd llvm-build
+        # Building llvm requires a newer cmake than is provided by the trusty container:
+        CMAKE=cmake-3.8.0-Linux-x86_64
+        curl https://cmake.org/files/v3.8/$CMAKE.tar.gz | tar xz
+        ./$CMAKE/bin/cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/.local ../llvm-source
+        make -j2 install-cxxabi install-cxx
+        cp -a include/c++/v1/*cxxabi*.h ~/.local/include/c++/v1
+        cd ..
+      fi
+      export CXXFLAGS="-isystem $HOME/.local/include/c++/v1 -stdlib=libc++"
+      export LDFLAGS="-L$HOME/.local/lib -fuse-ld=lld-$CLANG"
+      export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$HOME/.local/lib${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH}"
+      if [ "$CPP" = "-std=c++17" ]; then CPP="-std=c++1z"; fi
+    fi
+
+    export NPY_NUM_BUILD_JOBS=2
+    echo "Installing pytest, numpy, scipy..."
+    ${PYPY:+travis_wait 30} $PY_CMD -m pip install --user --upgrade pytest numpy scipy \
+        ${PYPY:+--extra-index-url https://imaginary.ca/trusty-pypi}
+    echo "done."
+
+    wget -q -O eigen.tar.gz https://bitbucket.org/eigen/eigen/get/3.3.3.tar.gz
+    tar xzf eigen.tar.gz
+    export CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH="${CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH:+:}$PWD/eigen-eigen-67e894c6cd8f"
+  fi
+  set +e
+script:
+- $SCRIPT_RUN_PREFIX cmake ${CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS}
+    -DPYBIND11_PYTHON_VERSION=$PYTHON
+    -DPYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD=$CPP
+    -DPYBIND11_WERROR=${WERROR:-ON}
+    -DDOWNLOAD_CATCH=ON
+- $SCRIPT_RUN_PREFIX make pytest -j 2
+- $SCRIPT_RUN_PREFIX make cpptest -j 2
+- $SCRIPT_RUN_PREFIX make test_cmake_build
+after_failure: cat tests/test_cmake_build/*.log*
+after_script:
+- if [ -n "$DOCKER" ]; then docker stop "$containerid"; docker rm "$containerid"; fi

third-party/pybind11/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+# CMakeLists.txt -- Build system for the pybind11 modules
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2015 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel@inf.ethz.ch>
+#
+# All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+# BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.12)
+
+if (POLICY CMP0048)
+  # cmake warns if loaded from a min-3.0-required parent dir, so silence the warning:
+  cmake_policy(SET CMP0048 NEW)
+endif()
+
+project(pybind11)
+
+# Check if pybind11 is being used directly or via add_subdirectory
+set(PYBIND11_MASTER_PROJECT OFF)
+if (CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR)
+  set(PYBIND11_MASTER_PROJECT ON)
+endif()
+
+option(PYBIND11_INSTALL "Install pybind11 header files?" ${PYBIND11_MASTER_PROJECT})
+option(PYBIND11_TEST    "Build pybind11 test suite?"     ${PYBIND11_MASTER_PROJECT})
+
+list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/tools")
+
+include(pybind11Tools)
+
+# Cache variables so pybind11_add_module can be used in parent projects
+set(PYBIND11_INCLUDE_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/include" CACHE INTERNAL "")
+set(PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS ${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS} CACHE INTERNAL "")
+set(PYTHON_LIBRARIES ${PYTHON_LIBRARIES} CACHE INTERNAL "")
+set(PYTHON_MODULE_PREFIX ${PYTHON_MODULE_PREFIX} CACHE INTERNAL "")
+set(PYTHON_MODULE_EXTENSION ${PYTHON_MODULE_EXTENSION} CACHE INTERNAL "")
+
+# NB: when adding a header don't forget to also add it to setup.py
+set(PYBIND11_HEADERS
+  include/pybind11/attr.h
+  include/pybind11/buffer_info.h
+  include/pybind11/cast.h
+  include/pybind11/chrono.h
+  include/pybind11/class_support.h
+  include/pybind11/common.h
+  include/pybind11/complex.h
+  include/pybind11/descr.h
+  include/pybind11/options.h
+  include/pybind11/eigen.h
+  include/pybind11/embed.h
+  include/pybind11/eval.h
+  include/pybind11/functional.h
+  include/pybind11/numpy.h
+  include/pybind11/operators.h
+  include/pybind11/pybind11.h
+  include/pybind11/pytypes.h
+  include/pybind11/stl.h
+  include/pybind11/stl_bind.h
+  include/pybind11/typeid.h
+)
+string(REPLACE "include/" "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/"
+       PYBIND11_HEADERS "${PYBIND11_HEADERS}")
+
+if (PYBIND11_TEST)
+  add_subdirectory(tests)
+endif()
+
+include(GNUInstallDirs)
+include(CMakePackageConfigHelpers)
+
+# extract project version from source
+file(STRINGS "${PYBIND11_INCLUDE_DIR}/pybind11/common.h" pybind11_version_defines
+     REGEX "#define PYBIND11_VERSION_(MAJOR|MINOR|PATCH) ")
+foreach(ver ${pybind11_version_defines})
+  if (ver MATCHES "#define PYBIND11_VERSION_(MAJOR|MINOR|PATCH) +([^ ]+)$")
+    set(PYBIND11_VERSION_${CMAKE_MATCH_1} "${CMAKE_MATCH_2}" CACHE INTERNAL "")
+  endif()
+endforeach()
+set(${PROJECT_NAME}_VERSION ${PYBIND11_VERSION_MAJOR}.${PYBIND11_VERSION_MINOR}.${PYBIND11_VERSION_PATCH})
+message(STATUS "pybind11 v${${PROJECT_NAME}_VERSION}")
+
+option (USE_PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR "Install pybind11 headers in Python include directory instead of default installation prefix" OFF)
+if (USE_PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR)
+    file(RELATIVE_PATH CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX} ${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+endif()
+
+if(NOT (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.0))  # CMake >= 3.0
+  # Build an interface library target:
+  add_library(pybind11 INTERFACE)
+  add_library(pybind11::pybind11 ALIAS pybind11)  # to match exported target
+  target_include_directories(pybind11 INTERFACE $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${PYBIND11_INCLUDE_DIR}>
+                                                $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS}>
+                                                $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}>)
+  target_compile_options(pybind11 INTERFACE $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD}>)
+
+  add_library(module INTERFACE)
+  add_library(pybind11::module ALIAS module)
+  target_link_libraries(module INTERFACE pybind11::pybind11)
+  if(WIN32 OR CYGWIN)
+    target_link_libraries(module INTERFACE $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${PYTHON_LIBRARIES}>)
+  elseif(APPLE)
+    target_link_libraries(module INTERFACE "-undefined dynamic_lookup")
+  endif()
+
+  add_library(embed INTERFACE)
+  add_library(pybind11::embed ALIAS embed)
+  target_link_libraries(embed INTERFACE pybind11::pybind11 $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${PYTHON_LIBRARIES}>)
+endif()
+
+if (PYBIND11_INSTALL)
+  install(FILES ${PYBIND11_HEADERS}
+          DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/pybind11)
+  # GNUInstallDirs "DATADIR" wrong here; CMake search path wants "share".
+  set(PYBIND11_CMAKECONFIG_INSTALL_DIR "share/cmake/${PROJECT_NAME}" CACHE STRING "install path for pybind11Config.cmake")
+
+  configure_package_config_file(tools/${PROJECT_NAME}Config.cmake.in
+                                "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}Config.cmake"
+                                INSTALL_DESTINATION ${PYBIND11_CMAKECONFIG_INSTALL_DIR})
+  # Remove CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P from ConfigVersion.cmake since the library does
+  # not depend on architecture specific settings or libraries.
+  set(_PYBIND11_CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P ${CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P})
+  unset(CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P)
+  write_basic_package_version_file(${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}ConfigVersion.cmake
+                                   VERSION ${${PROJECT_NAME}_VERSION}
+                                   COMPATIBILITY AnyNewerVersion)
+  set(CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P ${_PYBIND11_CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P})
+  install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}Config.cmake
+                ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}ConfigVersion.cmake
+                tools/FindPythonLibsNew.cmake
+                tools/pybind11Tools.cmake
+          DESTINATION ${PYBIND11_CMAKECONFIG_INSTALL_DIR})
+
+  if(NOT (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.0))
+    install(TARGETS pybind11 module embed
+            EXPORT "${PROJECT_NAME}Targets")
+    install(EXPORT "${PROJECT_NAME}Targets"
+            NAMESPACE "${PROJECT_NAME}::"
+            DESTINATION ${PYBIND11_CMAKECONFIG_INSTALL_DIR})
+  endif()
+endif()

third-party/pybind11/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+Thank you for your interest in this project! Please refer to the following
+sections on how to contribute code and bug reports.
+
+### Reporting bugs
+
+At the moment, this project is run in the spare time of a single person
+([Wenzel Jakob](http://rgl.epfl.ch/people/wjakob)) with very limited resources
+for issue tracker tickets. Thus, before submitting a question or bug report,
+please take a moment of your time and ensure that your issue isn't already
+discussed in the project documentation provided at
+[http://pybind11.readthedocs.org/en/latest](http://pybind11.readthedocs.org/en/latest).
+
+Assuming that you have identified a previously unknown problem or an important
+question, it's essential that you submit a self-contained and minimal piece of
+code that reproduces the problem. In other words: no external dependencies,
+isolate the function(s) that cause breakage, submit matched and complete C++
+and Python snippets that can be easily compiled and run on my end.
+
+## Pull requests
+Contributions are submitted, reviewed, and accepted using Github pull requests.
+Please refer to [this
+article](https://help.github.com/articles/using-pull-requests) for details and
+adhere to the following rules to make the process as smooth as possible:
+
+* Make a new branch for every feature you're working on.
+* Make small and clean pull requests that are easy to review but make sure they
+  do add value by themselves.
+* Add tests for any new functionality and run the test suite (``make pytest``)
+  to ensure that no existing features break.
+* This project has a strong focus on providing general solutions using a
+  minimal amount of code, thus small pull requests are greatly preferred.
+
+### License
+
+pybind11 is provided under a BSD-style license that can be found in the
+``LICENSE`` file. By using, distributing, or contributing to this project, you
+agree to the terms and conditions of this license.

third-party/pybind11/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Make sure you've completed the following steps before submitting your issue -- thank you!
+
+1. Check if your question has already been answered in the [FAQ](http://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/latest/faq.html) section.
+2. Make sure you've read the [documentation](http://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/latest/). Your issue may be addressed there.
+3. If those resources didn't help and you only have a short question (not a bug report), consider asking in the [Gitter chat room](https://gitter.im/pybind/Lobby).
+4. If you have a genuine bug report or a more complex question which is not answered in the previous items (or not suitable for chat), please fill in the details below.
+5. Include a self-contained and minimal piece of code that reproduces the problem. If that's not possible, try to make the description as clear as possible.
+
+*After reading, remove this checklist and the template text in parentheses below.*
+
+## Issue description
+
+(Provide a short description, state the expected behavior and what actually happens.)
+
+## Reproducible example code
+
+(The code should be minimal, have no external dependencies, isolate the function(s) that cause breakage. Submit matched and complete C++ and Python snippets that can be easily compiled and run to diagnose the issue.)

third-party/pybind11/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>, All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors
+   may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+   without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+You are under no obligation whatsoever to provide any bug fixes, patches, or
+upgrades to the features, functionality or performance of the source code
+("Enhancements") to anyone; however, if you choose to make your Enhancements
+available either publicly, or directly to the author of this software, without
+imposing a separate written license agreement for such Enhancements, then you
+hereby grant the following license: a non-exclusive, royalty-free perpetual
+license to install, use, modify, prepare derivative works, incorporate into
+other computer software, distribute, and sublicense such enhancements or
+derivative works thereof, in binary and source code form.

third-party/pybind11/MANIFEST.in

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+include include/pybind11/*.h
+include LICENSE README.md CONTRIBUTING.md

third-party/pybind11/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+![pybind11 logo](https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/raw/master/docs/pybind11-logo.png)
+
+# pybind11 — Seamless operability between C++11 and Python
+
+[![Documentation Status](https://readthedocs.org/projects/pybind11/badge/?version=master)](http://pybind11.readthedocs.org/en/master/?badge=master)
+[![Documentation Status](https://readthedocs.org/projects/pybind11/badge/?version=stable)](http://pybind11.readthedocs.org/en/stable/?badge=stable)
+[![Gitter chat](https://img.shields.io/gitter/room/gitterHQ/gitter.svg)](https://gitter.im/pybind/Lobby)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/pybind/pybind11.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/pybind/pybind11)
+[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/riaj54pn4h08xy40?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/wjakob/pybind11)
+
+**pybind11** is a lightweight header-only library that exposes C++ types in Python
+and vice versa, mainly to create Python bindings of existing C++ code. Its
+goals and syntax are similar to the excellent
+[Boost.Python](http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_58_0/libs/python/doc/) library
+by David Abrahams: to minimize boilerplate code in traditional extension
+modules by inferring type information using compile-time introspection.
+
+The main issue with Boost.Python—and the reason for creating such a similar
+project—is Boost. Boost is an enormously large and complex suite of utility
+libraries that works with almost every C++ compiler in existence. This
+compatibility has its cost: arcane template tricks and workarounds are
+necessary to support the oldest and buggiest of compiler specimens. Now that
+C++11-compatible compilers are widely available, this heavy machinery has
+become an excessively large and unnecessary dependency.
+
+Think of this library as a tiny self-contained version of Boost.Python with
+everything stripped away that isn't relevant for binding generation. Without
+comments, the core header files only require ~4K lines of code and depend on
+Python (2.7 or 3.x, or PyPy2.7 >= 5.7) and the C++ standard library. This
+compact implementation was possible thanks to some of the new C++11 language
+features (specifically: tuples, lambda functions and variadic templates). Since
+its creation, this library has grown beyond Boost.Python in many ways, leading
+to dramatically simpler binding code in many common situations.
+
+Tutorial and reference documentation is provided at
+[http://pybind11.readthedocs.org/en/master](http://pybind11.readthedocs.org/en/master).
+A PDF version of the manual is available
+[here](https://media.readthedocs.org/pdf/pybind11/master/pybind11.pdf).
+
+## Core features
+pybind11 can map the following core C++ features to Python
+
+- Functions accepting and returning custom data structures per value, reference, or pointer
+- Instance methods and static methods
+- Overloaded functions
+- Instance attributes and static attributes
+- Arbitrary exception types
+- Enumerations
+- Callbacks
+- Iterators and ranges
+- Custom operators
+- Single and multiple inheritance
+- STL data structures
+- Iterators and ranges
+- Smart pointers with reference counting like ``std::shared_ptr``
+- Internal references with correct reference counting
+- C++ classes with virtual (and pure virtual) methods can be extended in Python
+
+## Goodies
+In addition to the core functionality, pybind11 provides some extra goodies:
+
+- Python 2.7, 3.x, and PyPy (PyPy2.7 >= 5.7) are supported with an
+  implementation-agnostic interface.
+
+- It is possible to bind C++11 lambda functions with captured variables. The
+  lambda capture data is stored inside the resulting Python function object.
+
+- pybind11 uses C++11 move constructors and move assignment operators whenever
+  possible to efficiently transfer custom data types.
+
+- It's easy to expose the internal storage of custom data types through
+  Pythons' buffer protocols. This is handy e.g. for fast conversion between
+  C++ matrix classes like Eigen and NumPy without expensive copy operations.
+
+- pybind11 can automatically vectorize functions so that they are transparently
+  applied to all entries of one or more NumPy array arguments.
+
+- Python's slice-based access and assignment operations can be supported with
+  just a few lines of code.
+
+- Everything is contained in just a few header files; there is no need to link
+  against any additional libraries.
+
+- Binaries are generally smaller by a factor of at least 2 compared to
+  equivalent bindings generated by Boost.Python. A recent pybind11 conversion
+  of PyRosetta, an enormous Boost.Python binding project,
+  [reported](http://graylab.jhu.edu/RosettaCon2016/PyRosetta-4.pdf) a binary
+  size reduction of **5.4x** and compile time reduction by **5.8x**.
+
+- When supported by the compiler, two new C++14 features (relaxed constexpr and
+  return value deduction) are used to precompute function signatures at compile
+  time, leading to smaller binaries.
+
+- With little extra effort, C++ types can be pickled and unpickled similar to
+  regular Python objects.
+
+## Supported compilers
+
+1. Clang/LLVM 3.3 or newer (for Apple Xcode's clang, this is 5.0.0 or newer)
+2. GCC 4.8 or newer
+3. Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 Update 3 or newer
+4. Intel C++ compiler 16 or newer (15 with a [workaround](https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/issues/276))
+5. Cygwin/GCC (tested on 2.5.1)
+
+## About
+
+This project was created by [Wenzel Jakob](http://rgl.epfl.ch/people/wjakob).
+Significant features and/or improvements to the code were contributed by
+Jonas Adler,
+Sylvain Corlay,
+Trent Houliston,
+Axel Huebl,
+@hulucc,
+Sergey Lyskov
+Johan Mabille,
+Tomasz Miąsko,
+Dean Moldovan,
+Ben Pritchard,
+Jason Rhinelander,
+Boris Schäling,
+Pim Schellart,
+Ivan Smirnov, and
+Patrick Stewart.
+
+### License
+
+pybind11 is provided under a BSD-style license that can be found in the
+``LICENSE`` file. By using, distributing, or contributing to this project,
+you agree to the terms and conditions of this license.

third-party/pybind11/include/pybind11/attr.h

@@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/attr.h: Infrastructure for processing custom
+    type and function attributes
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "cast.h"
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(pybind11)
+
+/// \addtogroup annotations
+/// @{
+
+/// Annotation for methods
+struct is_method { handle class_; is_method(const handle &c) : class_(c) { } };
+
+/// Annotation for operators
+struct is_operator { };
+
+/// Annotation for parent scope
+struct scope { handle value; scope(const handle &s) : value(s) { } };
+
+/// Annotation for documentation
+struct doc { const char *value; doc(const char *value) : value(value) { } };
+
+/// Annotation for function names
+struct name { const char *value; name(const char *value) : value(value) { } };
+
+/// Annotation indicating that a function is an overload associated with a given "sibling"
+struct sibling { handle value; sibling(const handle &value) : value(value.ptr()) { } };
+
+/// Annotation indicating that a class derives from another given type
+template <typename T> struct base {
+    PYBIND11_DEPRECATED("base<T>() was deprecated in favor of specifying 'T' as a template argument to class_")
+    base() { }
+};
+
+/// Keep patient alive while nurse lives
+template <size_t Nurse, size_t Patient> struct keep_alive { };
+
+/// Annotation indicating that a class is involved in a multiple inheritance relationship
+struct multiple_inheritance { };
+
+/// Annotation which enables dynamic attributes, i.e. adds `__dict__` to a class
+struct dynamic_attr { };
+
+/// Annotation which enables the buffer protocol for a type
+struct buffer_protocol { };
+
+/// Annotation which requests that a special metaclass is created for a type
+struct metaclass {
+    handle value;
+
+    PYBIND11_DEPRECATED("py::metaclass() is no longer required. It's turned on by default now.")
+    metaclass() {}
+
+    /// Override pybind11's default metaclass
+    explicit metaclass(handle value) : value(value) { }
+};
+
+/// Annotation to mark enums as an arithmetic type
+struct arithmetic { };
+
+/** \rst
+    A call policy which places one or more guard variables (``Ts...``) around the function call.
+
+    For example, this definition:
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        m.def("foo", foo, py::call_guard<T>());
+
+    is equivalent to the following pseudocode:
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        m.def("foo", [](args...) {
+            T scope_guard;
+            return foo(args...); // forwarded arguments
+        });
+ \endrst */
+template <typename... Ts> struct call_guard;
+
+template <> struct call_guard<> { using type = detail::void_type; };
+
+template <typename T>
+struct call_guard<T> {
+    static_assert(std::is_default_constructible<T>::value,
+                  "The guard type must be default constructible");
+
+    using type = T;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct call_guard<T, Ts...> {
+    struct type {
+        T guard{}; // Compose multiple guard types with left-to-right default-constructor order
+        typename call_guard<Ts...>::type next{};
+    };
+};
+
+/// @} annotations
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+/* Forward declarations */
+enum op_id : int;
+enum op_type : int;
+struct undefined_t;
+template <op_id id, op_type ot, typename L = undefined_t, typename R = undefined_t> struct op_;
+template <typename... Args> struct init;
+template <typename... Args> struct init_alias;
+inline void keep_alive_impl(size_t Nurse, size_t Patient, function_call &call, handle ret);
+
+/// Internal data structure which holds metadata about a keyword argument
+struct argument_record {
+    const char *name;  ///< Argument name
+    const char *descr; ///< Human-readable version of the argument value
+    handle value;      ///< Associated Python object
+    bool convert : 1;  ///< True if the argument is allowed to convert when loading
+    bool none : 1;     ///< True if None is allowed when loading
+
+    argument_record(const char *name, const char *descr, handle value, bool convert, bool none)
+        : name(name), descr(descr), value(value), convert(convert), none(none) { }
+};
+
+/// Internal data structure which holds metadata about a bound function (signature, overloads, etc.)
+struct function_record {
+    function_record()
+        : is_constructor(false), is_stateless(false), is_operator(false),
+          has_args(false), has_kwargs(false), is_method(false) { }
+
+    /// Function name
+    char *name = nullptr; /* why no C++ strings? They generate heavier code.. */
+
+    // User-specified documentation string
+    char *doc = nullptr;
+
+    /// Human-readable version of the function signature
+    char *signature = nullptr;
+
+    /// List of registered keyword arguments
+    std::vector<argument_record> args;
+
+    /// Pointer to lambda function which converts arguments and performs the actual call
+    handle (*impl) (function_call &) = nullptr;
+
+    /// Storage for the wrapped function pointer and captured data, if any
+    void *data[3] = { };
+
+    /// Pointer to custom destructor for 'data' (if needed)
+    void (*free_data) (function_record *ptr) = nullptr;
+
+    /// Return value policy associated with this function
+    return_value_policy policy = return_value_policy::automatic;
+
+    /// True if name == '__init__'
+    bool is_constructor : 1;
+
+    /// True if this is a stateless function pointer
+    bool is_stateless : 1;
+
+    /// True if this is an operator (__add__), etc.
+    bool is_operator : 1;
+
+    /// True if the function has a '*args' argument
+    bool has_args : 1;
+
+    /// True if the function has a '**kwargs' argument
+    bool has_kwargs : 1;
+
+    /// True if this is a method
+    bool is_method : 1;
+
+    /// Number of arguments (including py::args and/or py::kwargs, if present)
+    std::uint16_t nargs;
+
+    /// Python method object
+    PyMethodDef *def = nullptr;
+
+    /// Python handle to the parent scope (a class or a module)
+    handle scope;
+
+    /// Python handle to the sibling function representing an overload chain
+    handle sibling;
+
+    /// Pointer to next overload
+    function_record *next = nullptr;
+};
+
+/// Special data structure which (temporarily) holds metadata about a bound class
+struct type_record {
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE type_record()
+        : multiple_inheritance(false), dynamic_attr(false), buffer_protocol(false) { }
+
+    /// Handle to the parent scope
+    handle scope;
+
+    /// Name of the class
+    const char *name = nullptr;
+
+    // Pointer to RTTI type_info data structure
+    const std::type_info *type = nullptr;
+
+    /// How large is the underlying C++ type?
+    size_t type_size = 0;
+
+    /// How large is the type's holder?
+    size_t holder_size = 0;
+
+    /// The global operator new can be overridden with a class-specific variant
+    void *(*operator_new)(size_t) = ::operator new;
+
+    /// Function pointer to class_<..>::init_holder
+    void (*init_holder)(instance *, const void *) = nullptr;
+
+    /// Function pointer to class_<..>::dealloc
+    void (*dealloc)(const detail::value_and_holder &) = nullptr;
+
+    /// List of base classes of the newly created type
+    list bases;
+
+    /// Optional docstring
+    const char *doc = nullptr;
+
+    /// Custom metaclass (optional)
+    handle metaclass;
+
+    /// Multiple inheritance marker
+    bool multiple_inheritance : 1;
+
+    /// Does the class manage a __dict__?
+    bool dynamic_attr : 1;
+
+    /// Does the class implement the buffer protocol?
+    bool buffer_protocol : 1;
+
+    /// Is the default (unique_ptr) holder type used?
+    bool default_holder : 1;
+
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE void add_base(const std::type_info &base, void *(*caster)(void *)) {
+        auto base_info = detail::get_type_info(base, false);
+        if (!base_info) {
+            std::string tname(base.name());
+            detail::clean_type_id(tname);
+            pybind11_fail("generic_type: type \"" + std::string(name) +
+                          "\" referenced unknown base type \"" + tname + "\"");
+        }
+
+        if (default_holder != base_info->default_holder) {
+            std::string tname(base.name());
+            detail::clean_type_id(tname);
+            pybind11_fail("generic_type: type \"" + std::string(name) + "\" " +
+                    (default_holder ? "does not have" : "has") +
+                    " a non-default holder type while its base \"" + tname + "\" " +
+                    (base_info->default_holder ? "does not" : "does"));
+        }
+
+        bases.append((PyObject *) base_info->type);
+
+        if (base_info->type->tp_dictoffset != 0)
+            dynamic_attr = true;
+
+        if (caster)
+            base_info->implicit_casts.emplace_back(type, caster);
+    }
+};
+
+inline function_call::function_call(function_record &f, handle p) :
+        func(f), parent(p) {
+    args.reserve(f.nargs);
+    args_convert.reserve(f.nargs);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Partial template specializations to process custom attributes provided to
+ * cpp_function_ and class_. These are either used to initialize the respective
+ * fields in the type_record and function_record data structures or executed at
+ * runtime to deal with custom call policies (e.g. keep_alive).
+ */
+template <typename T, typename SFINAE = void> struct process_attribute;
+
+template <typename T> struct process_attribute_default {
+    /// Default implementation: do nothing
+    static void init(const T &, function_record *) { }
+    static void init(const T &, type_record *) { }
+    static void precall(function_call &) { }
+    static void postcall(function_call &, handle) { }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute specifying the function's name
+template <> struct process_attribute<name> : process_attribute_default<name> {
+    static void init(const name &n, function_record *r) { r->name = const_cast<char *>(n.value); }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute specifying the function's docstring
+template <> struct process_attribute<doc> : process_attribute_default<doc> {
+    static void init(const doc &n, function_record *r) { r->doc = const_cast<char *>(n.value); }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute specifying the function's docstring (provided as a C-style string)
+template <> struct process_attribute<const char *> : process_attribute_default<const char *> {
+    static void init(const char *d, function_record *r) { r->doc = const_cast<char *>(d); }
+    static void init(const char *d, type_record *r) { r->doc = const_cast<char *>(d); }
+};
+template <> struct process_attribute<char *> : process_attribute<const char *> { };
+
+/// Process an attribute indicating the function's return value policy
+template <> struct process_attribute<return_value_policy> : process_attribute_default<return_value_policy> {
+    static void init(const return_value_policy &p, function_record *r) { r->policy = p; }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute which indicates that this is an overloaded function associated with a given sibling
+template <> struct process_attribute<sibling> : process_attribute_default<sibling> {
+    static void init(const sibling &s, function_record *r) { r->sibling = s.value; }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute which indicates that this function is a method
+template <> struct process_attribute<is_method> : process_attribute_default<is_method> {
+    static void init(const is_method &s, function_record *r) { r->is_method = true; r->scope = s.class_; }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute which indicates the parent scope of a method
+template <> struct process_attribute<scope> : process_attribute_default<scope> {
+    static void init(const scope &s, function_record *r) { r->scope = s.value; }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute which indicates that this function is an operator
+template <> struct process_attribute<is_operator> : process_attribute_default<is_operator> {
+    static void init(const is_operator &, function_record *r) { r->is_operator = true; }
+};
+
+/// Process a keyword argument attribute (*without* a default value)
+template <> struct process_attribute<arg> : process_attribute_default<arg> {
+    static void init(const arg &a, function_record *r) {
+        if (r->is_method && r->args.empty())
+            r->args.emplace_back("self", nullptr, handle(), true /*convert*/, false /*none not allowed*/);
+        r->args.emplace_back(a.name, nullptr, handle(), !a.flag_noconvert, a.flag_none);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Process a keyword argument attribute (*with* a default value)
+template <> struct process_attribute<arg_v> : process_attribute_default<arg_v> {
+    static void init(const arg_v &a, function_record *r) {
+        if (r->is_method && r->args.empty())
+            r->args.emplace_back("self", nullptr /*descr*/, handle() /*parent*/, true /*convert*/, false /*none not allowed*/);
+
+        if (!a.value) {
+#if !defined(NDEBUG)
+            std::string descr("'");
+            if (a.name) descr += std::string(a.name) + ": ";
+            descr += a.type + "'";
+            if (r->is_method) {
+                if (r->name)
+                    descr += " in method '" + (std::string) str(r->scope) + "." + (std::string) r->name + "'";
+                else
+                    descr += " in method of '" + (std::string) str(r->scope) + "'";
+            } else if (r->name) {
+                descr += " in function '" + (std::string) r->name + "'";
+            }
+            pybind11_fail("arg(): could not convert default argument "
+                          + descr + " into a Python object (type not registered yet?)");
+#else
+            pybind11_fail("arg(): could not convert default argument "
+                          "into a Python object (type not registered yet?). "
+                          "Compile in debug mode for more information.");
+#endif
+        }
+        r->args.emplace_back(a.name, a.descr, a.value.inc_ref(), !a.flag_noconvert, a.flag_none);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Process a parent class attribute.  Single inheritance only (class_ itself already guarantees that)
+template <typename T>
+struct process_attribute<T, enable_if_t<is_pyobject<T>::value>> : process_attribute_default<handle> {
+    static void init(const handle &h, type_record *r) { r->bases.append(h); }
+};
+
+/// Process a parent class attribute (deprecated, does not support multiple inheritance)
+template <typename T>
+struct process_attribute<base<T>> : process_attribute_default<base<T>> {
+    static void init(const base<T> &, type_record *r) { r->add_base(typeid(T), nullptr); }
+};
+
+/// Process a multiple inheritance attribute
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<multiple_inheritance> : process_attribute_default<multiple_inheritance> {
+    static void init(const multiple_inheritance &, type_record *r) { r->multiple_inheritance = true; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<dynamic_attr> : process_attribute_default<dynamic_attr> {
+    static void init(const dynamic_attr &, type_record *r) { r->dynamic_attr = true; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<buffer_protocol> : process_attribute_default<buffer_protocol> {
+    static void init(const buffer_protocol &, type_record *r) { r->buffer_protocol = true; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<metaclass> : process_attribute_default<metaclass> {
+    static void init(const metaclass &m, type_record *r) { r->metaclass = m.value; }
+};
+
+
+/// Process an 'arithmetic' attribute for enums (does nothing here)
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<arithmetic> : process_attribute_default<arithmetic> {};
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct process_attribute<call_guard<Ts...>> : process_attribute_default<call_guard<Ts...>> { };
+
+/**
+ * Process a keep_alive call policy -- invokes keep_alive_impl during the
+ * pre-call handler if both Nurse, Patient != 0 and use the post-call handler
+ * otherwise
+ */
+template <size_t Nurse, size_t Patient> struct process_attribute<keep_alive<Nurse, Patient>> : public process_attribute_default<keep_alive<Nurse, Patient>> {
+    template <size_t N = Nurse, size_t P = Patient, enable_if_t<N != 0 && P != 0, int> = 0>
+    static void precall(function_call &call) { keep_alive_impl(Nurse, Patient, call, handle()); }
+    template <size_t N = Nurse, size_t P = Patient, enable_if_t<N != 0 && P != 0, int> = 0>
+    static void postcall(function_call &, handle) { }
+    template <size_t N = Nurse, size_t P = Patient, enable_if_t<N == 0 || P == 0, int> = 0>
+    static void precall(function_call &) { }
+    template <size_t N = Nurse, size_t P = Patient, enable_if_t<N == 0 || P == 0, int> = 0>
+    static void postcall(function_call &call, handle ret) { keep_alive_impl(Nurse, Patient, call, ret); }
+};
+
+/// Recursively iterate over variadic template arguments
+template <typename... Args> struct process_attributes {
+    static void init(const Args&... args, function_record *r) {
+        int unused[] = { 0, (process_attribute<typename std::decay<Args>::type>::init(args, r), 0) ... };
+        ignore_unused(unused);
+    }
+    static void init(const Args&... args, type_record *r) {
+        int unused[] = { 0, (process_attribute<typename std::decay<Args>::type>::init(args, r), 0) ... };
+        ignore_unused(unused);
+    }
+    static void precall(function_call &call) {
+        int unused[] = { 0, (process_attribute<typename std::decay<Args>::type>::precall(call), 0) ... };
+        ignore_unused(unused);
+    }
+    static void postcall(function_call &call, handle fn_ret) {
+        int unused[] = { 0, (process_attribute<typename std::decay<Args>::type>::postcall(call, fn_ret), 0) ... };
+        ignore_unused(unused);
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+using is_call_guard = is_instantiation<call_guard, T>;
+
+/// Extract the ``type`` from the first `call_guard` in `Extras...` (or `void_type` if none found)
+template <typename... Extra>
+using extract_guard_t = typename exactly_one_t<is_call_guard, call_guard<>, Extra...>::type;
+
+/// Check the number of named arguments at compile time
+template <typename... Extra,
+          size_t named = constexpr_sum(std::is_base_of<arg, Extra>::value...),
+          size_t self  = constexpr_sum(std::is_same<is_method, Extra>::value...)>
+constexpr bool expected_num_args(size_t nargs, bool has_args, bool has_kwargs) {
+    return named == 0 || (self + named + has_args + has_kwargs) == nargs;
+}
+
+NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+NAMESPACE_END(pybind11)

third-party/pybind11/include/pybind11/buffer_info.h

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/buffer_info.h: Python buffer object interface
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(pybind11)
+
+/// Information record describing a Python buffer object
+struct buffer_info {
+    void *ptr = nullptr;          // Pointer to the underlying storage
+    ssize_t itemsize = 0;         // Size of individual items in bytes
+    ssize_t size = 0;             // Total number of entries
+    std::string format;           // For homogeneous buffers, this should be set to format_descriptor<T>::format()
+    ssize_t ndim = 0;             // Number of dimensions
+    std::vector<ssize_t> shape;   // Shape of the tensor (1 entry per dimension)
+    std::vector<ssize_t> strides; // Number of entries between adjacent entries (for each per dimension)
+
+    buffer_info() { }
+
+    buffer_info(void *ptr, ssize_t itemsize, const std::string &format, ssize_t ndim,
+                detail::any_container<ssize_t> shape_in, detail::any_container<ssize_t> strides_in)
+    : ptr(ptr), itemsize(itemsize), size(1), format(format), ndim(ndim),
+      shape(std::move(shape_in)), strides(std::move(strides_in)) {
+        if (ndim != (ssize_t) shape.size() || ndim != (ssize_t) strides.size())
+            pybind11_fail("buffer_info: ndim doesn't match shape and/or strides length");
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < (size_t) ndim; ++i)
+            size *= shape[i];
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    buffer_info(T *ptr, detail::any_container<ssize_t> shape_in, detail::any_container<ssize_t> strides_in)
+    : buffer_info(private_ctr_tag(), ptr, sizeof(T), format_descriptor<T>::format(), static_cast<ssize_t>(shape_in->size()), std::move(shape_in), std::move(strides_in)) { }
+
+    buffer_info(void *ptr, ssize_t itemsize, const std::string &format, ssize_t size)
+    : buffer_info(ptr, itemsize, format, 1, {size}, {itemsize}) { }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    buffer_info(T *ptr, ssize_t size)
+    : buffer_info(ptr, sizeof(T), format_descriptor<T>::format(), size) { }
+
+    explicit buffer_info(Py_buffer *view, bool ownview = true)
+    : buffer_info(view->buf, view->itemsize, view->format, view->ndim,
+            {view->shape, view->shape + view->ndim}, {view->strides, view->strides + view->ndim}) {
+        this->view = view;
+        this->ownview = ownview;
+    }
+
+    buffer_info(const buffer_info &) = delete;
+    buffer_info& operator=(const buffer_info &) = delete;
+
+    buffer_info(buffer_info &&other) {
+        (*this) = std::move(other);
+    }
+
+    buffer_info& operator=(buffer_info &&rhs) {
+        ptr = rhs.ptr;
+        itemsize = rhs.itemsize;
+        size = rhs.size;
+        format = std::move(rhs.format);
+        ndim = rhs.ndim;
+        shape = std::move(rhs.shape);
+        strides = std::move(rhs.strides);
+        std::swap(view, rhs.view);
+        std::swap(ownview, rhs.ownview);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ~buffer_info() {
+        if (view && ownview) { PyBuffer_Release(view); delete view; }
+    }
+
+private:
+    struct private_ctr_tag { };
+
+    buffer_info(private_ctr_tag, void *ptr, ssize_t itemsize, const std::string &format, ssize_t ndim,
+                detail::any_container<ssize_t> &&shape_in, detail::any_container<ssize_t> &&strides_in)
+    : buffer_info(ptr, itemsize, format, ndim, std::move(shape_in), std::move(strides_in)) { }
+
+    Py_buffer *view = nullptr;
+    bool ownview = false;
+};
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <typename T, typename SFINAE = void> struct compare_buffer_info {
+    static bool compare(const buffer_info& b) {
+        return b.format == format_descriptor<T>::format() && b.itemsize == (ssize_t) sizeof(T);
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T> struct compare_buffer_info<T, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value>> {
+    static bool compare(const buffer_info& b) {
+        return (size_t) b.itemsize == sizeof(T) && (b.format == format_descriptor<T>::value ||
+            ((sizeof(T) == sizeof(long)) && b.format == (std::is_unsigned<T>::value ? "L" : "l")) ||
+            ((sizeof(T) == sizeof(size_t)) && b.format == (std::is_unsigned<T>::value ? "N" : "n")));
+    }
+};
+
+NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+NAMESPACE_END(pybind11)

third-party/pybind11/include/pybind11/chrono.h

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/chrono.h: Transparent conversion between std::chrono and python's datetime
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Trent Houliston <trent@houliston.me> and
+                       Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+#include <cmath>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <datetime.h>
+
+// Backport the PyDateTime_DELTA functions from Python3.3 if required
+#ifndef PyDateTime_DELTA_GET_DAYS
+#define PyDateTime_DELTA_GET_DAYS(o)         (((PyDateTime_Delta*)o)->days)
+#endif
+#ifndef PyDateTime_DELTA_GET_SECONDS
+#define PyDateTime_DELTA_GET_SECONDS(o)      (((PyDateTime_Delta*)o)->seconds)
+#endif
+#ifndef PyDateTime_DELTA_GET_MICROSECONDS
+#define PyDateTime_DELTA_GET_MICROSECONDS(o) (((PyDateTime_Delta*)o)->microseconds)
+#endif
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(pybind11)
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <typename type> class duration_caster {
+public:
+    typedef typename type::rep rep;
+    typedef typename type::period period;
+
+    typedef std::chrono::duration<uint_fast32_t, std::ratio<86400>> days;
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool) {
+        using namespace std::chrono;
+
+        // Lazy initialise the PyDateTime import
+        if (!PyDateTimeAPI) { PyDateTime_IMPORT; }
+
+        if (!src) return false;
+        // If invoked with datetime.delta object
+        if (PyDelta_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            value = type(duration_cast<duration<rep, period>>(
+                  days(PyDateTime_DELTA_GET_DAYS(src.ptr()))
+                + seconds(PyDateTime_DELTA_GET_SECONDS(src.ptr()))
+                + microseconds(PyDateTime_DELTA_GET_MICROSECONDS(src.ptr()))));
+            return true;
+        }
+        // If invoked with a float we assume it is seconds and convert
+        else if (PyFloat_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            value = type(duration_cast<duration<rep, period>>(duration<double>(PyFloat_AsDouble(src.ptr()))));
+            return true;
+        }
+        else return false;
+    }
+
+    // If this is a duration just return it back
+    static const std::chrono::duration<rep, period>& get_duration(const std::chrono::duration<rep, period> &src) {
+        return src;
+    }
+
+    // If this is a time_point get the time_since_epoch
+    template <typename Clock> static std::chrono::duration<rep, period> get_duration(const std::chrono::time_point<Clock, std::chrono::duration<rep, period>> &src) {
+        return src.time_since_epoch();
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const type &src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        using namespace std::chrono;
+
+        // Use overloaded function to get our duration from our source
+        // Works out if it is a duration or time_point and get the duration
+        auto d = get_duration(src);
+
+        // Lazy initialise the PyDateTime import
+        if (!PyDateTimeAPI) { PyDateTime_IMPORT; }
+
+        // Declare these special duration types so the conversions happen with the correct primitive types (int)
+        using dd_t = duration<int, std::ratio<86400>>;
+        using ss_t = duration<int, std::ratio<1>>;
+        using us_t = duration<int, std::micro>;
+
+        auto dd = duration_cast<dd_t>(d);
+        auto subd = d - dd;
+        auto ss = duration_cast<ss_t>(subd);
+        auto us = duration_cast<us_t>(subd - ss);
+        return PyDelta_FromDSU(dd.count(), ss.count(), us.count());
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(type, _("datetime.timedelta"));
+};
+
+// This is for casting times on the system clock into datetime.datetime instances
+template <typename Duration> class type_caster<std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration>> {
+public:
+    typedef std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration> type;
+    bool load(handle src, bool) {
+        using namespace std::chrono;
+
+        // Lazy initialise the PyDateTime import
+        if (!PyDateTimeAPI) { PyDateTime_IMPORT; }
+
+        if (!src) return false;
+        if (PyDateTime_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            std::tm cal;
+            cal.tm_sec   = PyDateTime_DATE_GET_SECOND(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_min   = PyDateTime_DATE_GET_MINUTE(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_hour  = PyDateTime_DATE_GET_HOUR(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_mday  = PyDateTime_GET_DAY(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_mon   = PyDateTime_GET_MONTH(src.ptr()) - 1;
+            cal.tm_year  = PyDateTime_GET_YEAR(src.ptr()) - 1900;
+            cal.tm_isdst = -1;
+
+            value = system_clock::from_time_t(std::mktime(&cal)) + microseconds(PyDateTime_DATE_GET_MICROSECOND(src.ptr()));
+            return true;
+        }
+        else return false;
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration> &src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        using namespace std::chrono;
+
+        // Lazy initialise the PyDateTime import
+        if (!PyDateTimeAPI) { PyDateTime_IMPORT; }
+
+        std::time_t tt = system_clock::to_time_t(src);
+        // this function uses static memory so it's best to copy it out asap just in case
+        // otherwise other code that is using localtime may break this (not just python code)
+        std::tm localtime = *std::localtime(&tt);
+
+        // Declare these special duration types so the conversions happen with the correct primitive types (int)
+        using us_t = duration<int, std::micro>;
+
+        return PyDateTime_FromDateAndTime(localtime.tm_year + 1900,
+                                          localtime.tm_mon + 1,
+                                          localtime.tm_mday,
+                                          localtime.tm_hour,
+                                          localtime.tm_min,
+                                          localtime.tm_sec,
+                                          (duration_cast<us_t>(src.time_since_epoch() % seconds(1))).count());
+    }
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(type, _("datetime.datetime"));
+};
+
+// Other clocks that are not the system clock are not measured as datetime.datetime objects
+// since they are not measured on calendar time. So instead we just make them timedeltas
+// Or if they have passed us a time as a float we convert that
+template <typename Clock, typename Duration> class type_caster<std::chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>>
+: public duration_caster<std::chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>> {
+};
+
+template <typename Rep, typename Period> class type_caster<std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>>
+: public duration_caster<std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>> {
+};
+
+NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+NAMESPACE_END(pybind11)

third-party/pybind11/include/pybind11/class_support.h

@@ -0,0 +1,602 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/class_support.h: Python C API implementation details for py::class_
+
+    Copyright (c) 2017 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "attr.h"
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(pybind11)
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+inline PyTypeObject *type_incref(PyTypeObject *type) {
+    Py_INCREF(type);
+    return type;
+}
+
+#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+
+/// `pybind11_static_property.__get__()`: Always pass the class instead of the instance.
+extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_static_get(PyObject *self, PyObject * /*ob*/, PyObject *cls) {
+    return PyProperty_Type.tp_descr_get(self, cls, cls);
+}
+
+/// `pybind11_static_property.__set__()`: Just like the above `__get__()`.
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_static_set(PyObject *self, PyObject *obj, PyObject *value) {
+    PyObject *cls = PyType_Check(obj) ? obj : (PyObject *) Py_TYPE(obj);
+    return PyProperty_Type.tp_descr_set(self, cls, value);
+}
+
+/** A `static_property` is the same as a `property` but the `__get__()` and `__set__()`
+    methods are modified to always use the object type instead of a concrete instance.
+    Return value: New reference. */
+inline PyTypeObject *make_static_property_type() {
+    constexpr auto *name = "pybind11_static_property";
+    auto name_obj = reinterpret_steal<object>(PYBIND11_FROM_STRING(name));
+
+    /* Danger zone: from now (and until PyType_Ready), make sure to
+       issue no Python C API calls which could potentially invoke the
+       garbage collector (the GC will call type_traverse(), which will in
+       turn find the newly constructed type in an invalid state) */
+    auto heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *) PyType_Type.tp_alloc(&PyType_Type, 0);
+    if (!heap_type)
+        pybind11_fail("make_static_property_type(): error allocating type!");
+
+    heap_type->ht_name = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3 && PY_MINOR_VERSION >= 3
+    heap_type->ht_qualname = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#endif
+
+    auto type = &heap_type->ht_type;
+    type->tp_name = name;
+    type->tp_base = type_incref(&PyProperty_Type);
+    type->tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE;
+    type->tp_descr_get = pybind11_static_get;
+    type->tp_descr_set = pybind11_static_set;
+
+    if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0)
+        pybind11_fail("make_static_property_type(): failure in PyType_Ready()!");
+
+    setattr((PyObject *) type, "__module__", str("pybind11_builtins"));
+
+    return type;
+}
+
+#else // PYPY
+
+/** PyPy has some issues with the above C API, so we evaluate Python code instead.
+    This function will only be called once so performance isn't really a concern.
+    Return value: New reference. */
+inline PyTypeObject *make_static_property_type() {
+    auto d = dict();
+    PyObject *result = PyRun_String(R"(\
+        class pybind11_static_property(property):
+            def __get__(self, obj, cls):
+                return property.__get__(self, cls, cls)
+
+            def __set__(self, obj, value):
+                cls = obj if isinstance(obj, type) else type(obj)
+                property.__set__(self, cls, value)
+        )", Py_file_input, d.ptr(), d.ptr()
+    );
+    if (result == nullptr)
+        throw error_already_set();
+    Py_DECREF(result);
+    return (PyTypeObject *) d["pybind11_static_property"].cast<object>().release().ptr();
+}
+
+#endif // PYPY
+
+/** Types with static properties need to handle `Type.static_prop = x` in a specific way.
+    By default, Python replaces the `static_property` itself, but for wrapped C++ types
+    we need to call `static_property.__set__()` in order to propagate the new value to
+    the underlying C++ data structure. */
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_meta_setattro(PyObject* obj, PyObject* name, PyObject* value) {
+    // Use `_PyType_Lookup()` instead of `PyObject_GetAttr()` in order to get the raw
+    // descriptor (`property`) instead of calling `tp_descr_get` (`property.__get__()`).
+    PyObject *descr = _PyType_Lookup((PyTypeObject *) obj, name);
+
+    // The following assignment combinations are possible:
+    //   1. `Type.static_prop = value`             --> descr_set: `Type.static_prop.__set__(value)`
+    //   2. `Type.static_prop = other_static_prop` --> setattro:  replace existing `static_prop`
+    //   3. `Type.regular_attribute = value`       --> setattro:  regular attribute assignment
+    const auto static_prop = (PyObject *) get_internals().static_property_type;
+    const auto call_descr_set = descr && PyObject_IsInstance(descr, static_prop)
+                                && !PyObject_IsInstance(value, static_prop);
+    if (call_descr_set) {
+        // Call `static_property.__set__()` instead of replacing the `static_property`.
+#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+        return Py_TYPE(descr)->tp_descr_set(descr, obj, value);
+#else
+        if (PyObject *result = PyObject_CallMethod(descr, "__set__", "OO", obj, value)) {
+            Py_DECREF(result);
+            return 0;
+        } else {
+            return -1;
+        }
+#endif
+    } else {
+        // Replace existing attribute.
+        return PyType_Type.tp_setattro(obj, name, value);
+    }
+}
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+/**
+ * Python 3's PyInstanceMethod_Type hides itself via its tp_descr_get, which prevents aliasing
+ * methods via cls.attr("m2") = cls.attr("m1"): instead the tp_descr_get returns a plain function,
+ * when called on a class, or a PyMethod, when called on an instance.  Override that behaviour here
+ * to do a special case bypass for PyInstanceMethod_Types.
+ */
+extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_meta_getattro(PyObject *obj, PyObject *name) {
+    PyObject *descr = _PyType_Lookup((PyTypeObject *) obj, name);
+    if (descr && PyInstanceMethod_Check(descr)) {
+        Py_INCREF(descr);
+        return descr;
+    }
+    else {
+        return PyType_Type.tp_getattro(obj, name);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+/** This metaclass is assigned by default to all pybind11 types and is required in order
+    for static properties to function correctly. Users may override this using `py::metaclass`.
+    Return value: New reference. */
+inline PyTypeObject* make_default_metaclass() {
+    constexpr auto *name = "pybind11_type";
+    auto name_obj = reinterpret_steal<object>(PYBIND11_FROM_STRING(name));
+
+    /* Danger zone: from now (and until PyType_Ready), make sure to
+       issue no Python C API calls which could potentially invoke the
+       garbage collector (the GC will call type_traverse(), which will in
+       turn find the newly constructed type in an invalid state) */
+    auto heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *) PyType_Type.tp_alloc(&PyType_Type, 0);
+    if (!heap_type)
+        pybind11_fail("make_default_metaclass(): error allocating metaclass!");
+
+    heap_type->ht_name = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3 && PY_MINOR_VERSION >= 3
+    heap_type->ht_qualname = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#endif
+
+    auto type = &heap_type->ht_type;
+    type->tp_name = name;
+    type->tp_base = type_incref(&PyType_Type);
+    type->tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE;
+
+    type->tp_setattro = pybind11_meta_setattro;
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    type->tp_getattro = pybind11_meta_getattro;
+#endif
+
+    if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0)
+        pybind11_fail("make_default_metaclass(): failure in PyType_Ready()!");
+
+    setattr((PyObject *) type, "__module__", str("pybind11_builtins"));
+
+    return type;
+}
+
+/// For multiple inheritance types we need to recursively register/deregister base pointers for any
+/// base classes with pointers that are difference from the instance value pointer so that we can
+/// correctly recognize an offset base class pointer. This calls a function with any offset base ptrs.
+inline void traverse_offset_bases(void *valueptr, const detail::type_info *tinfo, instance *self,
+        bool (*f)(void * /*parentptr*/, instance * /*self*/)) {
+    for (handle h : reinterpret_borrow<tuple>(tinfo->type->tp_bases)) {
+        if (auto parent_tinfo = get_type_info((PyTypeObject *) h.ptr())) {
+            for (auto &c : parent_tinfo->implicit_casts) {
+                if (c.first == tinfo->cpptype) {
+                    auto *parentptr = c.second(valueptr);
+                    if (parentptr != valueptr)
+                        f(parentptr, self);
+                    traverse_offset_bases(parentptr, parent_tinfo, self, f);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+inline bool register_instance_impl(void *ptr, instance *self) {
+    get_internals().registered_instances.emplace(ptr, self);
+    return true; // unused, but gives the same signature as the deregister func
+}
+inline bool deregister_instance_impl(void *ptr, instance *self) {
+    auto &registered_instances = get_internals().registered_instances;
+    auto range = registered_instances.equal_range(ptr);
+    for (auto it = range.first; it != range.second; ++it) {
+        if (Py_TYPE(self) == Py_TYPE(it->second)) {
+            registered_instances.erase(it);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+inline void register_instance(instance *self, void *valptr, const type_info *tinfo) {
+    register_instance_impl(valptr, self);
+    if (!tinfo->simple_ancestors)
+        traverse_offset_bases(valptr, tinfo, self, register_instance_impl);
+}
+
+inline bool deregister_instance(instance *self, void *valptr, const type_info *tinfo) {
+    bool ret = deregister_instance_impl(valptr, self);
+    if (!tinfo->simple_ancestors)
+        traverse_offset_bases(valptr, tinfo, self, deregister_instance_impl);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/// Instance creation function for all pybind11 types. It only allocates space for the C++ object
+/// (or multiple objects, for Python-side inheritance from multiple pybind11 types), but doesn't
+/// call the constructor -- an `__init__` function must do that.  If allocating value, the instance
+/// is registered; otherwise register_instance will need to be called once the value has been
+/// assigned.
+inline PyObject *make_new_instance(PyTypeObject *type, bool allocate_value /*= true (in cast.h)*/) {
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+    // PyPy gets tp_basicsize wrong (issue 2482) under multiple inheritance when the first inherited
+    // object is a a plain Python type (i.e. not derived from an extension type).  Fix it.
+    ssize_t instance_size = static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(instance));
+    if (type->tp_basicsize < instance_size) {
+        type->tp_basicsize = instance_size;
+    }
+#endif
+    PyObject *self = type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
+    auto inst = reinterpret_cast<instance *>(self);
+    // Allocate the value/holder internals:
+    inst->allocate_layout();
+
+    inst->owned = true;
+    // Allocate (if requested) the value pointers; otherwise leave them as nullptr
+    if (allocate_value) {
+        for (auto &v_h : values_and_holders(inst)) {
+            void *&vptr = v_h.value_ptr();
+            vptr = v_h.type->operator_new(v_h.type->type_size);
+            register_instance(inst, vptr, v_h.type);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/// Instance creation function for all pybind11 types. It only allocates space for the
+/// C++ object, but doesn't call the constructor -- an `__init__` function must do that.
+extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_object_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *, PyObject *) {
+    return make_new_instance(type);
+}
+
+/// An `__init__` function constructs the C++ object. Users should provide at least one
+/// of these using `py::init` or directly with `.def(__init__, ...)`. Otherwise, the
+/// following default function will be used which simply throws an exception.
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_object_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *, PyObject *) {
+    PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(self);
+    std::string msg;
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+    msg += handle((PyObject *) type).attr("__module__").cast<std::string>() + ".";
+#endif
+    msg += type->tp_name;
+    msg += ": No constructor defined!";
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, msg.c_str());
+    return -1;
+}
+
+inline void add_patient(PyObject *nurse, PyObject *patient) {
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+    auto instance = reinterpret_cast<detail::instance *>(nurse);
+    instance->has_patients = true;
+    Py_INCREF(patient);
+    internals.patients[nurse].push_back(patient);
+}
+
+inline void clear_patients(PyObject *self) {
+    auto instance = reinterpret_cast<detail::instance *>(self);
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+    auto pos = internals.patients.find(self);
+    assert(pos != internals.patients.end());
+    // Clearing the patients can cause more Python code to run, which
+    // can invalidate the iterator. Extract the vector of patients
+    // from the unordered_map first.
+    auto patients = std::move(pos->second);
+    internals.patients.erase(pos);
+    instance->has_patients = false;
+    for (PyObject *&patient : patients)
+        Py_CLEAR(patient);
+}
+
+/// Clears all internal data from the instance and removes it from registered instances in
+/// preparation for deallocation.
+inline void clear_instance(PyObject *self) {
+    auto instance = reinterpret_cast<detail::instance *>(self);
+
+    // Deallocate any values/holders, if present:
+    for (auto &v_h : values_and_holders(instance)) {
+        if (v_h) {
+            if (instance->owned || v_h.holder_constructed())
+                v_h.type->dealloc(v_h);
+
+            if (!deregister_instance(instance, v_h.value_ptr(), v_h.type))
+                pybind11_fail("pybind11_object_dealloc(): Tried to deallocate unregistered instance!");
+        }
+    }
+    // Deallocate the value/holder layout internals:
+    instance->deallocate_layout();
+
+    if (instance->weakrefs)
+        PyObject_ClearWeakRefs(self);
+
+    PyObject **dict_ptr = _PyObject_GetDictPtr(self);
+    if (dict_ptr)
+        Py_CLEAR(*dict_ptr);
+
+    if (instance->has_patients)
+        clear_patients(self);
+}
+
+/// Instance destructor function for all pybind11 types. It calls `type_info.dealloc`
+/// to destroy the C++ object itself, while the rest is Python bookkeeping.
+extern "C" inline void pybind11_object_dealloc(PyObject *self) {
+    clear_instance(self);
+    Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(self);
+}
+
+/** Create the type which can be used as a common base for all classes.  This is
+    needed in order to satisfy Python's requirements for multiple inheritance.
+    Return value: New reference. */
+inline PyObject *make_object_base_type(PyTypeObject *metaclass) {
+    constexpr auto *name = "pybind11_object";
+    auto name_obj = reinterpret_steal<object>(PYBIND11_FROM_STRING(name));
+
+    /* Danger zone: from now (and until PyType_Ready), make sure to
+       issue no Python C API calls which could potentially invoke the
+       garbage collector (the GC will call type_traverse(), which will in
+       turn find the newly constructed type in an invalid state) */
+    auto heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *) metaclass->tp_alloc(metaclass, 0);
+    if (!heap_type)
+        pybind11_fail("make_object_base_type(): error allocating type!");
+
+    heap_type->ht_name = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3 && PY_MINOR_VERSION >= 3
+    heap_type->ht_qualname = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#endif
+
+    auto type = &heap_type->ht_type;
+    type->tp_name = name;
+    type->tp_base = type_incref(&PyBaseObject_Type);
+    type->tp_basicsize = static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(instance));
+    type->tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE;
+
+    type->tp_new = pybind11_object_new;
+    type->tp_init = pybind11_object_init;
+    type->tp_dealloc = pybind11_object_dealloc;
+
+    /* Support weak references (needed for the keep_alive feature) */
+    type->tp_weaklistoffset = offsetof(instance, weakrefs);
+
+    if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0)
+        pybind11_fail("PyType_Ready failed in make_object_base_type():" + error_string());
+
+    setattr((PyObject *) type, "__module__", str("pybind11_builtins"));
+
+    assert(!PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC));
+    return (PyObject *) heap_type;
+}
+
+/// dynamic_attr: Support for `d = instance.__dict__`.
+extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_get_dict(PyObject *self, void *) {
+    PyObject *&dict = *_PyObject_GetDictPtr(self);
+    if (!dict)
+        dict = PyDict_New();
+    Py_XINCREF(dict);
+    return dict;
+}
+
+/// dynamic_attr: Support for `instance.__dict__ = dict()`.
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_set_dict(PyObject *self, PyObject *new_dict, void *) {
+    if (!PyDict_Check(new_dict)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "__dict__ must be set to a dictionary, not a '%.200s'",
+                     Py_TYPE(new_dict)->tp_name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    PyObject *&dict = *_PyObject_GetDictPtr(self);
+    Py_INCREF(new_dict);
+    Py_CLEAR(dict);
+    dict = new_dict;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/// dynamic_attr: Allow the garbage collector to traverse the internal instance `__dict__`.
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg) {
+    PyObject *&dict = *_PyObject_GetDictPtr(self);
+    Py_VISIT(dict);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/// dynamic_attr: Allow the GC to clear the dictionary.
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_clear(PyObject *self) {
+    PyObject *&dict = *_PyObject_GetDictPtr(self);
+    Py_CLEAR(dict);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/// Give instances of this type a `__dict__` and opt into garbage collection.
+inline void enable_dynamic_attributes(PyHeapTypeObject *heap_type) {
+    auto type = &heap_type->ht_type;
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+    pybind11_fail(std::string(type->tp_name) + ": dynamic attributes are "
+                                               "currently not supported in "
+                                               "conjunction with PyPy!");
+#endif
+    type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC;
+    type->tp_dictoffset = type->tp_basicsize; // place dict at the end
+    type->tp_basicsize += (ssize_t)sizeof(PyObject *); // and allocate enough space for it
+    type->tp_traverse = pybind11_traverse;
+    type->tp_clear = pybind11_clear;
+
+    static PyGetSetDef getset[] = {
+        {const_cast<char*>("__dict__"), pybind11_get_dict, pybind11_set_dict, nullptr, nullptr},
+        {nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr}
+    };
+    type->tp_getset = getset;
+}
+
+/// buffer_protocol: Fill in the view as specified by flags.
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_getbuffer(PyObject *obj, Py_buffer *view, int flags) {
+    // Look for a `get_buffer` implementation in this type's info or any bases (following MRO).
+    type_info *tinfo = nullptr;
+    for (auto type : reinterpret_borrow<tuple>(Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_mro)) {
+        tinfo = get_type_info((PyTypeObject *) type.ptr());
+        if (tinfo && tinfo->get_buffer)
+            break;
+    }
+    if (view == nullptr || obj == nullptr || !tinfo || !tinfo->get_buffer) {
+        if (view)
+            view->obj = nullptr;
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_BufferError, "pybind11_getbuffer(): Internal error");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    std::memset(view, 0, sizeof(Py_buffer));
+    buffer_info *info = tinfo->get_buffer(obj, tinfo->get_buffer_data);
+    view->obj = obj;
+    view->ndim = 1;
+    view->internal = info;
+    view->buf = info->ptr;
+    view->itemsize = info->itemsize;
+    view->len = view->itemsize;
+    for (auto s : info->shape)
+        view->len *= s;
+    if ((flags & PyBUF_FORMAT) == PyBUF_FORMAT)
+        view->format = const_cast<char *>(info->format.c_str());
+    if ((flags & PyBUF_STRIDES) == PyBUF_STRIDES) {
+        view->ndim = (int) info->ndim;
+        view->strides = &info->strides[0];
+        view->shape = &info->shape[0];
+    }
+    Py_INCREF(view->obj);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/// buffer_protocol: Release the resources of the buffer.
+extern "C" inline void pybind11_releasebuffer(PyObject *, Py_buffer *view) {
+    delete (buffer_info *) view->internal;
+}
+
+/// Give this type a buffer interface.
+inline void enable_buffer_protocol(PyHeapTypeObject *heap_type) {
+    heap_type->ht_type.tp_as_buffer = &heap_type->as_buffer;
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+    heap_type->ht_type.tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_NEWBUFFER;
+#endif
+
+    heap_type->as_buffer.bf_getbuffer = pybind11_getbuffer;
+    heap_type->as_buffer.bf_releasebuffer = pybind11_releasebuffer;
+}
+
+/** Create a brand new Python type according to the `type_record` specification.
+    Return value: New reference. */
+inline PyObject* make_new_python_type(const type_record &rec) {
+    auto name = reinterpret_steal<object>(PYBIND11_FROM_STRING(rec.name));
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3 && PY_MINOR_VERSION >= 3
+    auto ht_qualname = name;
+    if (rec.scope && hasattr(rec.scope, "__qualname__")) {
+        ht_qualname = reinterpret_steal<object>(
+            PyUnicode_FromFormat("%U.%U", rec.scope.attr("__qualname__").ptr(), name.ptr()));
+    }
+#endif
+
+    object module;
+    if (rec.scope) {
+        if (hasattr(rec.scope, "__module__"))
+            module = rec.scope.attr("__module__");
+        else if (hasattr(rec.scope, "__name__"))
+            module = rec.scope.attr("__name__");
+    }
+
+#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+    const auto full_name = module ? str(module).cast<std::string>() + "." + rec.name
+                                  : std::string(rec.name);
+#else
+    const auto full_name = std::string(rec.name);
+#endif
+
+    char *tp_doc = nullptr;
+    if (rec.doc && options::show_user_defined_docstrings()) {
+        /* Allocate memory for docstring (using PyObject_MALLOC, since
+           Python will free this later on) */
+        size_t size = strlen(rec.doc) + 1;
+        tp_doc = (char *) PyObject_MALLOC(size);
+        memcpy((void *) tp_doc, rec.doc, size);
+    }
+
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+    auto bases = tuple(rec.bases);
+    auto base = (bases.size() == 0) ? internals.instance_base
+                                    : bases[0].ptr();
+
+    /* Danger zone: from now (and until PyType_Ready), make sure to
+       issue no Python C API calls which could potentially invoke the
+       garbage collector (the GC will call type_traverse(), which will in
+       turn find the newly constructed type in an invalid state) */
+    auto metaclass = rec.metaclass.ptr() ? (PyTypeObject *) rec.metaclass.ptr()
+                                         : internals.default_metaclass;
+
+    auto heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *) metaclass->tp_alloc(metaclass, 0);
+    if (!heap_type)
+        pybind11_fail(std::string(rec.name) + ": Unable to create type object!");
+
+    heap_type->ht_name = name.release().ptr();
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3 && PY_MINOR_VERSION >= 3
+    heap_type->ht_qualname = ht_qualname.release().ptr();
+#endif
+
+    auto type = &heap_type->ht_type;
+    type->tp_name = strdup(full_name.c_str());
+    type->tp_doc = tp_doc;
+    type->tp_base = type_incref((PyTypeObject *)base);
+    type->tp_basicsize = static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(instance));
+    if (bases.size() > 0)
+        type->tp_bases = bases.release().ptr();
+
+    /* Don't inherit base __init__ */
+    type->tp_init = pybind11_object_init;
+
+    /* Supported protocols */
+    type->tp_as_number = &heap_type->as_number;
+    type->tp_as_sequence = &heap_type->as_sequence;
+    type->tp_as_mapping = &heap_type->as_mapping;
+
+    /* Flags */
+    type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE;
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+    type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES;
+#endif
+
+    if (rec.dynamic_attr)
+        enable_dynamic_attributes(heap_type);
+
+    if (rec.buffer_protocol)
+        enable_buffer_protocol(heap_type);
+
+    if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0)
+        pybind11_fail(std::string(rec.name) + ": PyType_Ready failed (" + error_string() + ")!");
+
+    assert(rec.dynamic_attr ? PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC)
+                            : !PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC));
+
+    /* Register type with the parent scope */
+    if (rec.scope)
+        setattr(rec.scope, rec.name, (PyObject *) type);
+
+    if (module) // Needed by pydoc
+        setattr((PyObject *) type, "__module__", module);
+
+    return (PyObject *) type;
+}
+
+NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+NAMESPACE_END(pybind11)

third-party/pybind11/include/pybind11/common.h

@@ -0,0 +1,876 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/common.h -- Basic macros
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#if !defined(NAMESPACE_BEGIN)
+#  define NAMESPACE_BEGIN(name) namespace name {
+#endif
+#if !defined(NAMESPACE_END)
+#  define NAMESPACE_END(name) }
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#  if __cplusplus >= 201402L
+#    define PYBIND11_CPP14
+#    if __cplusplus > 201402L /* Temporary: should be updated to >= the final C++17 value once known */
+#      define PYBIND11_CPP17
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+// MSVC sets _MSVC_LANG rather than __cplusplus (supposedly until the standard is fully implemented)
+#  if _MSVC_LANG >= 201402L
+#    define PYBIND11_CPP14
+#    if _MSVC_LANG > 201402L && _MSC_VER >= 1910
+#      define PYBIND11_CPP17
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+// Compiler version assertions
+#if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#  if __INTEL_COMPILER < 1500
+#    error pybind11 requires Intel C++ compiler v15 or newer
+#  endif
+#elif defined(__clang__) && !defined(__apple_build_version__)
+#  if __clang_major__ < 3 || (__clang_major__ == 3 && __clang_minor__ < 3)
+#    error pybind11 requires clang 3.3 or newer
+#  endif
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+// Apple changes clang version macros to its Xcode version; the first Xcode release based on
+// (upstream) clang 3.3 was Xcode 5:
+#  if __clang_major__ < 5
+#    error pybind11 requires Xcode/clang 5.0 or newer
+#  endif
+#elif defined(__GNUG__)
+#  if __GNUC__ < 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 8)
+#    error pybind11 requires gcc 4.8 or newer
+#  endif
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+// Pybind hits various compiler bugs in 2015u2 and earlier, and also makes use of some stl features
+// (e.g. std::negation) added in 2015u3:
+#  if _MSC_FULL_VER < 190024210
+#    error pybind11 requires MSVC 2015 update 3 or newer
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_EXPORT)
+#  if defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
+#    define PYBIND11_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
+#  else
+#    define PYBIND11_EXPORT __attribute__ ((visibility("default")))
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  define PYBIND11_NOINLINE __declspec(noinline)
+#else
+#  define PYBIND11_NOINLINE __attribute__ ((noinline))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP14)
+#  define PYBIND11_DEPRECATED(reason) [[deprecated(reason)]]
+#else
+#  define PYBIND11_DEPRECATED(reason) __attribute__((deprecated(reason)))
+#endif
+
+#define PYBIND11_VERSION_MAJOR 2
+#define PYBIND11_VERSION_MINOR 2
+#define PYBIND11_VERSION_PATCH dev0
+
+/// Include Python header, disable linking to pythonX_d.lib on Windows in debug mode
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  if (PY_MAJOR_VERSION == 3 && PY_MINOR_VERSION < 4)
+#    define HAVE_ROUND 1
+#  endif
+#  pragma warning(push)
+#  pragma warning(disable: 4510 4610 4512 4005)
+#  if defined(_DEBUG)
+#    define PYBIND11_DEBUG_MARKER
+#    undef _DEBUG
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#include <Python.h>
+#include <frameobject.h>
+#include <pythread.h>
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && (defined(min) || defined(max))
+#  error Macro clash with min and max -- define NOMINMAX when compiling your program on Windows
+#endif
+
+#if defined(isalnum)
+#  undef isalnum
+#  undef isalpha
+#  undef islower
+#  undef isspace
+#  undef isupper
+#  undef tolower
+#  undef toupper
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  if defined(PYBIND11_DEBUG_MARKER)
+#    define _DEBUG
+#    undef PYBIND11_DEBUG_MARKER
+#  endif
+#  pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <forward_list>
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <typeindex>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3 /// Compatibility macros for various Python versions
+#define PYBIND11_INSTANCE_METHOD_NEW(ptr, class_) PyInstanceMethod_New(ptr)
+#define PYBIND11_INSTANCE_METHOD_CHECK PyInstanceMethod_Check
+#define PYBIND11_INSTANCE_METHOD_GET_FUNCTION PyInstanceMethod_GET_FUNCTION
+#define PYBIND11_BYTES_CHECK PyBytes_Check
+#define PYBIND11_BYTES_FROM_STRING PyBytes_FromString
+#define PYBIND11_BYTES_FROM_STRING_AND_SIZE PyBytes_FromStringAndSize
+#define PYBIND11_BYTES_AS_STRING_AND_SIZE PyBytes_AsStringAndSize
+#define PYBIND11_BYTES_AS_STRING PyBytes_AsString
+#define PYBIND11_BYTES_SIZE PyBytes_Size
+#define PYBIND11_LONG_CHECK(o) PyLong_Check(o)
+#define PYBIND11_LONG_AS_LONGLONG(o) PyLong_AsLongLong(o)
+#define PYBIND11_BYTES_NAME "bytes"
+#define PYBIND11_STRING_NAME "str"
+#define PYBIND11_SLICE_OBJECT PyObject
+#define PYBIND11_FROM_STRING PyUnicode_FromString
+#define PYBIND11_STR_TYPE ::pybind11::str
+#define PYBIND11_PLUGIN_IMPL(name) \
+    extern "C" PYBIND11_EXPORT PyObject *PyInit_##name()
+#else
+#define PYBIND11_INSTANCE_METHOD_NEW(ptr, class_) PyMethod_New(ptr, nullptr, class_)
+#define PYBIND11_INSTANCE_METHOD_CHECK PyMethod_Check
+#define PYBIND11_INSTANCE_METHOD_GET_FUNCTION PyMethod_GET_FUNCTION
+#define PYBIND11_BYTES_CHECK PyString_Check
+#define PYBIND11_BYTES_FROM_STRING PyString_FromString
+#define PYBIND11_BYTES_FROM_STRING_AND_SIZE PyString_FromStringAndSize
+#define PYBIND11_BYTES_AS_STRING_AND_SIZE PyString_AsStringAndSize
+#define PYBIND11_BYTES_AS_STRING PyString_AsString
+#define PYBIND11_BYTES_SIZE PyString_Size
+#define PYBIND11_LONG_CHECK(o) (PyInt_Check(o) || PyLong_Check(o))
+#define PYBIND11_LONG_AS_LONGLONG(o) (PyInt_Check(o) ? (long long) PyLong_AsLong(o) : PyLong_AsLongLong(o))
+#define PYBIND11_BYTES_NAME "str"
+#define PYBIND11_STRING_NAME "unicode"
+#define PYBIND11_SLICE_OBJECT PySliceObject
+#define PYBIND11_FROM_STRING PyString_FromString
+#define PYBIND11_STR_TYPE ::pybind11::bytes
+#define PYBIND11_PLUGIN_IMPL(name) \
+    static PyObject *pybind11_init_wrapper();               \
+    extern "C" PYBIND11_EXPORT void init##name() {          \
+        (void)pybind11_init_wrapper();                      \
+    }                                                       \
+    PyObject *pybind11_init_wrapper()
+#endif
+
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03050000 && PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03050200
+extern "C" {
+    struct _Py_atomic_address { void *value; };
+    PyAPI_DATA(_Py_atomic_address) _PyThreadState_Current;
+}
+#endif
+
+#define PYBIND11_TRY_NEXT_OVERLOAD ((PyObject *) 1) // special failure return code
+#define PYBIND11_STRINGIFY(x) #x
+#define PYBIND11_TOSTRING(x) PYBIND11_STRINGIFY(x)
+#define PYBIND11_INTERNALS_ID "__pybind11_" \
+    PYBIND11_TOSTRING(PYBIND11_VERSION_MAJOR) "_" PYBIND11_TOSTRING(PYBIND11_VERSION_MINOR) "__"
+
+/** \rst
+    ***Deprecated in favor of PYBIND11_MODULE***
+
+    This macro creates the entry point that will be invoked when the Python interpreter
+    imports a plugin library. Please create a `module` in the function body and return
+    the pointer to its underlying Python object at the end.
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        PYBIND11_PLUGIN(example) {
+            pybind11::module m("example", "pybind11 example plugin");
+            /// Set up bindings here
+            return m.ptr();
+        }
+\endrst */
+#define PYBIND11_PLUGIN(name)                                                  \
+    PYBIND11_DEPRECATED("PYBIND11_PLUGIN is deprecated, use PYBIND11_MODULE")  \
+    static PyObject *pybind11_init();                                          \
+    PYBIND11_PLUGIN_IMPL(name) {                                               \
+        int major, minor;                                                      \
+        if (sscanf(Py_GetVersion(), "%i.%i", &major, &minor) != 2) {           \
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, "Can't parse Python version."); \
+            return nullptr;                                                    \
+        } else if (major != PY_MAJOR_VERSION || minor != PY_MINOR_VERSION) {   \
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError,                                    \
+                         "Python version mismatch: module was compiled for "   \
+                         "version %i.%i, while the interpreter is running "    \
+                         "version %i.%i.", PY_MAJOR_VERSION, PY_MINOR_VERSION, \
+                         major, minor);                                        \
+            return nullptr;                                                    \
+        }                                                                      \
+        try {                                                                  \
+            return pybind11_init();                                            \
+        } catch (pybind11::error_already_set &e) {                             \
+            e.clear();                                                         \
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, e.what());                      \
+            return nullptr;                                                    \
+        } catch (const std::exception &e) {                                    \
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, e.what());                      \
+            return nullptr;                                                    \
+        }                                                                      \
+    }                                                                          \
+    PyObject *pybind11_init()
+
+/** \rst
+    This macro creates the entry point that will be invoked when the Python interpreter
+    imports an extension module. The module name is given as the fist argument and it
+    should not be in quotes. The second macro argument defines a variable of type
+    `py::module` which can be used to initialize the module.
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        PYBIND11_MODULE(example, m) {
+            m.doc() = "pybind11 example module";
+
+            // Add bindings here
+            m.def("foo", []() {
+                return "Hello, World!";
+            });
+        }
+\endrst */
+#define PYBIND11_MODULE(name, variable)                                        \
+    static void pybind11_init_##name(pybind11::module &);                      \
+    PYBIND11_PLUGIN_IMPL(name) {                                               \
+        int major, minor;                                                      \
+        if (sscanf(Py_GetVersion(), "%i.%i", &major, &minor) != 2) {           \
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, "Can't parse Python version."); \
+            return nullptr;                                                    \
+        } else if (major != PY_MAJOR_VERSION || minor != PY_MINOR_VERSION) {   \
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError,                                    \
+                         "Python version mismatch: module was compiled for "   \
+                         "version %i.%i, while the interpreter is running "    \
+                         "version %i.%i.", PY_MAJOR_VERSION, PY_MINOR_VERSION, \
+                         major, minor);                                        \
+            return nullptr;                                                    \
+        }                                                                      \
+        auto m = pybind11::module(#name);                                      \
+        try {                                                                  \
+            pybind11_init_##name(m);                                           \
+            return m.ptr();                                                    \
+        } catch (pybind11::error_already_set &e) {                             \
+            e.clear();                                                         \
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, e.what());                      \
+            return nullptr;                                                    \
+        } catch (const std::exception &e) {                                    \
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, e.what());                      \
+            return nullptr;                                                    \
+        }                                                                      \
+    }                                                                          \
+    void pybind11_init_##name(pybind11::module &variable)
+
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(pybind11)
+
+using ssize_t = Py_ssize_t;
+using size_t  = std::size_t;
+
+/// Approach used to cast a previously unknown C++ instance into a Python object
+enum class return_value_policy : uint8_t {
+    /** This is the default return value policy, which falls back to the policy
+        return_value_policy::take_ownership when the return value is a pointer.
+        Otherwise, it uses return_value::move or return_value::copy for rvalue
+        and lvalue references, respectively. See below for a description of what
+        all of these different policies do. */
+    automatic = 0,
+
+    /** As above, but use policy return_value_policy::reference when the return
+        value is a pointer. This is the default conversion policy for function
+        arguments when calling Python functions manually from C++ code (i.e. via
+        handle::operator()). You probably won't need to use this. */
+    automatic_reference,
+
+    /** Reference an existing object (i.e. do not create a new copy) and take
+        ownership. Python will call the destructor and delete operator when the
+        object’s reference count reaches zero. Undefined behavior ensues when
+        the C++ side does the same.. */
+    take_ownership,
+
+    /** Create a new copy of the returned object, which will be owned by
+        Python. This policy is comparably safe because the lifetimes of the two
+        instances are decoupled. */
+    copy,
+
+    /** Use std::move to move the return value contents into a new instance
+        that will be owned by Python. This policy is comparably safe because the
+        lifetimes of the two instances (move source and destination) are
+        decoupled. */
+    move,
+
+    /** Reference an existing object, but do not take ownership. The C++ side
+        is responsible for managing the object’s lifetime and deallocating it
+        when it is no longer used. Warning: undefined behavior will ensue when
+        the C++ side deletes an object that is still referenced and used by
+        Python. */
+    reference,
+
+    /** This policy only applies to methods and properties. It references the
+        object without taking ownership similar to the above
+        return_value_policy::reference policy. In contrast to that policy, the
+        function or property’s implicit this argument (called the parent) is
+        considered to be the the owner of the return value (the child).
+        pybind11 then couples the lifetime of the parent to the child via a
+        reference relationship that ensures that the parent cannot be garbage
+        collected while Python is still using the child. More advanced
+        variations of this scheme are also possible using combinations of
+        return_value_policy::reference and the keep_alive call policy */
+    reference_internal
+};
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+inline static constexpr int log2(size_t n, int k = 0) { return (n <= 1) ? k : log2(n >> 1, k + 1); }
+
+// Returns the size as a multiple of sizeof(void *), rounded up.
+inline static constexpr size_t size_in_ptrs(size_t s) { return 1 + ((s - 1) >> log2(sizeof(void *))); }
+
+inline std::string error_string();
+
+/**
+ * The space to allocate for simple layout instance holders (see below) in multiple of the size of
+ * a pointer (e.g.  2 means 16 bytes on 64-bit architectures).  The default is the minimum required
+ * to holder either a std::unique_ptr or std::shared_ptr (which is almost always
+ * sizeof(std::shared_ptr<T>)).
+ */
+constexpr size_t instance_simple_holder_in_ptrs() {
+    static_assert(sizeof(std::shared_ptr<int>) >= sizeof(std::unique_ptr<int>),
+            "pybind assumes std::shared_ptrs are at least as big as std::unique_ptrs");
+    return size_in_ptrs(sizeof(std::shared_ptr<int>));
+}
+
+// Forward declarations
+struct type_info;
+struct value_and_holder;
+
+/// The 'instance' type which needs to be standard layout (need to be able to use 'offsetof')
+struct instance {
+    PyObject_HEAD
+    /// Storage for pointers and holder; see simple_layout, below, for a description
+    union {
+        void *simple_value_holder[1 + instance_simple_holder_in_ptrs()];
+        struct {
+            void **values_and_holders;
+            bool *holder_constructed;
+        } nonsimple;
+    };
+    /// Weak references (needed for keep alive):
+    PyObject *weakrefs;
+    /// If true, the pointer is owned which means we're free to manage it with a holder.
+    bool owned : 1;
+    /**
+     * An instance has two possible value/holder layouts.
+     *
+     * Simple layout (when this flag is true), means the `simple_value_holder` is set with a pointer
+     * and the holder object governing that pointer, i.e. [val1*][holder].  This layout is applied
+     * whenever there is no python-side multiple inheritance of bound C++ types *and* the type's
+     * holder will fit in the default space (which is large enough to hold either a std::unique_ptr
+     * or std::shared_ptr).
+     *
+     * Non-simple layout applies when using custom holders that require more space than `shared_ptr`
+     * (which is typically the size of two pointers), or when multiple inheritance is used on the
+     * python side.  Non-simple layout allocates the required amount of memory to have multiple
+     * bound C++ classes as parents.  Under this layout, `nonsimple.values_and_holders` is set to a
+     * pointer to allocated space of the required space to hold a a sequence of value pointers and
+     * holders followed by a set of holder-constructed flags (1 byte each), i.e.
+     * [val1*][holder1][val2*][holder2]...[bb...]  where each [block] is rounded up to a multiple of
+     * `sizeof(void *)`.  `nonsimple.holder_constructed` is, for convenience, a pointer to the
+     * beginning of the [bb...] block (but not independently allocated).
+     */
+    bool simple_layout : 1;
+    /// For simple layout, tracks whether the holder has been constructed
+    bool simple_holder_constructed : 1;
+    /// If true, get_internals().patients has an entry for this object
+    bool has_patients : 1;
+
+    /// Initializes all of the above type/values/holders data
+    void allocate_layout();
+
+    /// Destroys/deallocates all of the above
+    void deallocate_layout();
+
+    /// Returns the value_and_holder wrapper for the given type (or the first, if `find_type`
+    /// omitted)
+    value_and_holder get_value_and_holder(const type_info *find_type = nullptr);
+};
+
+static_assert(std::is_standard_layout<instance>::value, "Internal error: `pybind11::detail::instance` is not standard layout!");
+
+struct overload_hash {
+    inline size_t operator()(const std::pair<const PyObject *, const char *>& v) const {
+        size_t value = std::hash<const void *>()(v.first);
+        value ^= std::hash<const void *>()(v.second)  + 0x9e3779b9 + (value<<6) + (value>>2);
+        return value;
+    }
+};
+
+// Python loads modules by default with dlopen with the RTLD_LOCAL flag; under libc++ and possibly
+// other stls, this means `typeid(A)` from one module won't equal `typeid(A)` from another module
+// even when `A` is the same, non-hidden-visibility type (e.g. from a common include).  Under
+// stdlibc++, this doesn't happen: equality and the type_index hash are based on the type name,
+// which works.  If not under a known-good stl, provide our own name-based hasher and equality
+// functions that use the type name.
+#if defined(__GLIBCXX__)
+inline bool same_type(const std::type_info &lhs, const std::type_info &rhs) { return lhs == rhs; }
+using type_hash = std::hash<std::type_index>;
+using type_equal_to = std::equal_to<std::type_index>;
+#else
+inline bool same_type(const std::type_info &lhs, const std::type_info &rhs) {
+    return lhs.name() == rhs.name() ||
+        std::strcmp(lhs.name(), rhs.name()) == 0;
+}
+struct type_hash {
+    size_t operator()(const std::type_index &t) const {
+        size_t hash = 5381;
+        const char *ptr = t.name();
+        while (auto c = static_cast<unsigned char>(*ptr++))
+            hash = (hash * 33) ^ c;
+        return hash;
+    }
+};
+struct type_equal_to {
+    bool operator()(const std::type_index &lhs, const std::type_index &rhs) const {
+        return lhs.name() == rhs.name() ||
+            std::strcmp(lhs.name(), rhs.name()) == 0;
+    }
+};
+#endif
+
+template <typename value_type>
+using type_map = std::unordered_map<std::type_index, value_type, type_hash, type_equal_to>;
+
+/// Internal data structure used to track registered instances and types
+struct internals {
+    type_map<void *> registered_types_cpp; // std::type_index -> type_info
+    std::unordered_map<PyTypeObject *, std::vector<type_info *>> registered_types_py; // PyTypeObject* -> base type_info(s)
+    std::unordered_multimap<const void *, instance*> registered_instances; // void * -> instance*
+    std::unordered_set<std::pair<const PyObject *, const char *>, overload_hash> inactive_overload_cache;
+    type_map<std::vector<bool (*)(PyObject *, void *&)>> direct_conversions;
+    std::unordered_map<const PyObject *, std::vector<PyObject *>> patients;
+    std::forward_list<void (*) (std::exception_ptr)> registered_exception_translators;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, void *> shared_data; // Custom data to be shared across extensions
+    std::vector<PyObject *> loader_patient_stack; // Used by `loader_life_support`
+    PyTypeObject *static_property_type;
+    PyTypeObject *default_metaclass;
+    PyObject *instance_base;
+#if defined(WITH_THREAD)
+    decltype(PyThread_create_key()) tstate = 0; // Usually an int but a long on Cygwin64 with Python 3.x
+    PyInterpreterState *istate = nullptr;
+#endif
+};
+
+/// Return a reference to the current 'internals' information
+inline internals &get_internals();
+
+/// from __cpp_future__ import (convenient aliases from C++14/17)
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP14) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1910)
+using std::enable_if_t;
+using std::conditional_t;
+using std::remove_cv_t;
+using std::remove_reference_t;
+#else
+template <bool B, typename T = void> using enable_if_t = typename std::enable_if<B, T>::type;
+template <bool B, typename T, typename F> using conditional_t = typename std::conditional<B, T, F>::type;
+template <typename T> using remove_cv_t = typename std::remove_cv<T>::type;
+template <typename T> using remove_reference_t = typename std::remove_reference<T>::type;
+#endif
+
+/// Index sequences
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP14)
+using std::index_sequence;
+using std::make_index_sequence;
+#else
+template<size_t ...> struct index_sequence  { };
+template<size_t N, size_t ...S> struct make_index_sequence_impl : make_index_sequence_impl <N - 1, N - 1, S...> { };
+template<size_t ...S> struct make_index_sequence_impl <0, S...> { typedef index_sequence<S...> type; };
+template<size_t N> using make_index_sequence = typename make_index_sequence_impl<N>::type;
+#endif
+
+/// Make an index sequence of the indices of true arguments
+template <typename ISeq, size_t, bool...> struct select_indices_impl { using type = ISeq; };
+template <size_t... IPrev, size_t I, bool B, bool... Bs> struct select_indices_impl<index_sequence<IPrev...>, I, B, Bs...>
+    : select_indices_impl<conditional_t<B, index_sequence<IPrev..., I>, index_sequence<IPrev...>>, I + 1, Bs...> {};
+template <bool... Bs> using select_indices = typename select_indices_impl<index_sequence<>, 0, Bs...>::type;
+
+/// Backports of std::bool_constant and std::negation to accomodate older compilers
+template <bool B> using bool_constant = std::integral_constant<bool, B>;
+template <typename T> struct negation : bool_constant<!T::value> { };
+
+template <typename...> struct void_t_impl { using type = void; };
+template <typename... Ts> using void_t = typename void_t_impl<Ts...>::type;
+
+/// Compile-time all/any/none of that check the boolean value of all template types
+#ifdef __cpp_fold_expressions
+template <class... Ts> using all_of = bool_constant<(Ts::value && ...)>;
+template <class... Ts> using any_of = bool_constant<(Ts::value || ...)>;
+#elif !defined(_MSC_VER)
+template <bool...> struct bools {};
+template <class... Ts> using all_of = std::is_same<
+    bools<Ts::value..., true>,
+    bools<true, Ts::value...>>;
+template <class... Ts> using any_of = negation<all_of<negation<Ts>...>>;
+#else
+// MSVC has trouble with the above, but supports std::conjunction, which we can use instead (albeit
+// at a slight loss of compilation efficiency).
+template <class... Ts> using all_of = std::conjunction<Ts...>;
+template <class... Ts> using any_of = std::disjunction<Ts...>;
+#endif
+template <class... Ts> using none_of = negation<any_of<Ts...>>;
+
+template <class T, template<class> class... Predicates> using satisfies_all_of = all_of<Predicates<T>...>;
+template <class T, template<class> class... Predicates> using satisfies_any_of = any_of<Predicates<T>...>;
+template <class T, template<class> class... Predicates> using satisfies_none_of = none_of<Predicates<T>...>;
+
+/// Strip the class from a method type
+template <typename T> struct remove_class { };
+template <typename C, typename R, typename... A> struct remove_class<R (C::*)(A...)> { typedef R type(A...); };
+template <typename C, typename R, typename... A> struct remove_class<R (C::*)(A...) const> { typedef R type(A...); };
+
+/// Helper template to strip away type modifiers
+template <typename T> struct intrinsic_type                       { typedef T type; };
+template <typename T> struct intrinsic_type<const T>              { typedef typename intrinsic_type<T>::type type; };
+template <typename T> struct intrinsic_type<T*>                   { typedef typename intrinsic_type<T>::type type; };
+template <typename T> struct intrinsic_type<T&>                   { typedef typename intrinsic_type<T>::type type; };
+template <typename T> struct intrinsic_type<T&&>                  { typedef typename intrinsic_type<T>::type type; };
+template <typename T, size_t N> struct intrinsic_type<const T[N]> { typedef typename intrinsic_type<T>::type type; };
+template <typename T, size_t N> struct intrinsic_type<T[N]>       { typedef typename intrinsic_type<T>::type type; };
+template <typename T> using intrinsic_t = typename intrinsic_type<T>::type;
+
+/// Helper type to replace 'void' in some expressions
+struct void_type { };
+
+/// Helper template which holds a list of types
+template <typename...> struct type_list { };
+
+/// Compile-time integer sum
+#ifdef __cpp_fold_expressions
+template <typename... Ts> constexpr size_t constexpr_sum(Ts... ns) { return (0 + ... + size_t{ns}); }
+#else
+constexpr size_t constexpr_sum() { return 0; }
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+constexpr size_t constexpr_sum(T n, Ts... ns) { return size_t{n} + constexpr_sum(ns...); }
+#endif
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(constexpr_impl)
+/// Implementation details for constexpr functions
+constexpr int first(int i) { return i; }
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+constexpr int first(int i, T v, Ts... vs) { return v ? i : first(i + 1, vs...); }
+
+constexpr int last(int /*i*/, int result) { return result; }
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+constexpr int last(int i, int result, T v, Ts... vs) { return last(i + 1, v ? i : result, vs...); }
+NAMESPACE_END(constexpr_impl)
+
+/// Return the index of the first type in Ts which satisfies Predicate<T>.  Returns sizeof...(Ts) if
+/// none match.
+template <template<typename> class Predicate, typename... Ts>
+constexpr int constexpr_first() { return constexpr_impl::first(0, Predicate<Ts>::value...); }
+
+/// Return the index of the last type in Ts which satisfies Predicate<T>, or -1 if none match.
+template <template<typename> class Predicate, typename... Ts>
+constexpr int constexpr_last() { return constexpr_impl::last(0, -1, Predicate<Ts>::value...); }
+
+/// Return the Nth element from the parameter pack
+template <size_t N, typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct pack_element { using type = typename pack_element<N - 1, Ts...>::type; };
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct pack_element<0, T, Ts...> { using type = T; };
+
+/// Return the one and only type which matches the predicate, or Default if none match.
+/// If more than one type matches the predicate, fail at compile-time.
+template <template<typename> class Predicate, typename Default, typename... Ts>
+struct exactly_one {
+    static constexpr auto found = constexpr_sum(Predicate<Ts>::value...);
+    static_assert(found <= 1, "Found more than one type matching the predicate");
+
+    static constexpr auto index = found ? constexpr_first<Predicate, Ts...>() : 0;
+    using type = conditional_t<found, typename pack_element<index, Ts...>::type, Default>;
+};
+template <template<typename> class P, typename Default>
+struct exactly_one<P, Default> { using type = Default; };
+
+template <template<typename> class Predicate, typename Default, typename... Ts>
+using exactly_one_t = typename exactly_one<Predicate, Default, Ts...>::type;
+
+/// Defer the evaluation of type T until types Us are instantiated
+template <typename T, typename... /*Us*/> struct deferred_type { using type = T; };
+template <typename T, typename... Us> using deferred_t = typename deferred_type<T, Us...>::type;
+
+/// Like is_base_of, but requires a strict base (i.e. `is_strict_base_of<T, T>::value == false`,
+/// unlike `std::is_base_of`)
+template <typename Base, typename Derived> using is_strict_base_of = bool_constant<
+    std::is_base_of<Base, Derived>::value && !std::is_same<Base, Derived>::value>;
+
+template <template<typename...> class Base>
+struct is_template_base_of_impl {
+    template <typename... Us> static std::true_type check(Base<Us...> *);
+    static std::false_type check(...);
+};
+
+/// Check if a template is the base of a type. For example:
+/// `is_template_base_of<Base, T>` is true if `struct T : Base<U> {}` where U can be anything
+template <template<typename...> class Base, typename T>
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER)
+using is_template_base_of = decltype(is_template_base_of_impl<Base>::check((remove_cv_t<T>*)nullptr));
+#else // MSVC2015 has trouble with decltype in template aliases
+struct is_template_base_of : decltype(is_template_base_of_impl<Base>::check((remove_cv_t<T>*)nullptr)) { };
+#endif
+
+/// Check if T is an instantiation of the template `Class`. For example:
+/// `is_instantiation<shared_ptr, T>` is true if `T == shared_ptr<U>` where U can be anything.
+template <template<typename...> class Class, typename T>
+struct is_instantiation : std::false_type { };
+template <template<typename...> class Class, typename... Us>
+struct is_instantiation<Class, Class<Us...>> : std::true_type { };
+
+/// Check if T is std::shared_ptr<U> where U can be anything
+template <typename T> using is_shared_ptr = is_instantiation<std::shared_ptr, T>;
+
+/// Check if T looks like an input iterator
+template <typename T, typename = void> struct is_input_iterator : std::false_type {};
+template <typename T>
+struct is_input_iterator<T, void_t<decltype(*std::declval<T &>()), decltype(++std::declval<T &>())>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+/// Ignore that a variable is unused in compiler warnings
+inline void ignore_unused(const int *) { }
+
+/// Apply a function over each element of a parameter pack
+#ifdef __cpp_fold_expressions
+#define PYBIND11_EXPAND_SIDE_EFFECTS(PATTERN) (((PATTERN), void()), ...)
+#else
+using expand_side_effects = bool[];
+#define PYBIND11_EXPAND_SIDE_EFFECTS(PATTERN) pybind11::detail::expand_side_effects{ ((PATTERN), void(), false)..., false }
+#endif
+
+NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+/// Returns a named pointer that is shared among all extension modules (using the same
+/// pybind11 version) running in the current interpreter. Names starting with underscores
+/// are reserved for internal usage. Returns `nullptr` if no matching entry was found.
+inline PYBIND11_NOINLINE void* get_shared_data(const std::string& name) {
+    auto& internals = detail::get_internals();
+    auto it = internals.shared_data.find(name);
+    return it != internals.shared_data.end() ? it->second : nullptr;
+}
+
+/// Set the shared data that can be later recovered by `get_shared_data()`.
+inline PYBIND11_NOINLINE void *set_shared_data(const std::string& name, void *data) {
+    detail::get_internals().shared_data[name] = data;
+    return data;
+}
+
+/// Returns a typed reference to a shared data entry (by using `get_shared_data()`) if
+/// such entry exists. Otherwise, a new object of default-constructible type `T` is
+/// added to the shared data under the given name and a reference to it is returned.
+template<typename T> T& get_or_create_shared_data(const std::string& name) {
+    auto& internals = detail::get_internals();
+    auto it = internals.shared_data.find(name);
+    T* ptr = (T*) (it != internals.shared_data.end() ? it->second : nullptr);
+    if (!ptr) {
+        ptr = new T();
+        internals.shared_data[name] = ptr;
+    }
+    return *ptr;
+}
+
+/// Fetch and hold an error which was already set in Python
+class error_already_set : public std::runtime_error {
+public:
+    error_already_set() : std::runtime_error(detail::error_string()) {
+        PyErr_Fetch(&type, &value, &trace);
+    }
+
+    error_already_set(const error_already_set &) = delete;
+
+    error_already_set(error_already_set &&e)
+        : std::runtime_error(e.what()), type(e.type), value(e.value),
+          trace(e.trace) { e.type = e.value = e.trace = nullptr; }
+
+    inline ~error_already_set(); // implementation in pybind11.h
+
+    error_already_set& operator=(const error_already_set &) = delete;
+
+    /// Give the error back to Python
+    void restore() { PyErr_Restore(type, value, trace); type = value = trace = nullptr; }
+
+    /// Clear the held Python error state (the C++ `what()` message remains intact)
+    void clear() { restore(); PyErr_Clear(); }
+
+    /// Check if the trapped exception matches a given Python exception class
+    bool matches(PyObject *ex) const { return PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(ex, type); }
+
+private:
+    PyObject *type, *value, *trace;
+};
+
+/// C++ bindings of builtin Python exceptions
+class builtin_exception : public std::runtime_error {
+public:
+    using std::runtime_error::runtime_error;
+    /// Set the error using the Python C API
+    virtual void set_error() const = 0;
+};
+
+#define PYBIND11_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION(name, type) \
+    class name : public builtin_exception { public: \
+        using builtin_exception::builtin_exception; \
+        name() : name("") { } \
+        void set_error() const override { PyErr_SetString(type, what()); } \
+    };
+
+PYBIND11_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION(stop_iteration, PyExc_StopIteration)
+PYBIND11_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION(index_error, PyExc_IndexError)
+PYBIND11_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION(key_error, PyExc_KeyError)
+PYBIND11_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION(value_error, PyExc_ValueError)
+PYBIND11_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION(type_error, PyExc_TypeError)
+PYBIND11_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION(cast_error, PyExc_RuntimeError) /// Thrown when pybind11::cast or handle::call fail due to a type casting error
+PYBIND11_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION(reference_cast_error, PyExc_RuntimeError) /// Used internally
+
+[[noreturn]] PYBIND11_NOINLINE inline void pybind11_fail(const char *reason) { throw std::runtime_error(reason); }
+[[noreturn]] PYBIND11_NOINLINE inline void pybind11_fail(const std::string &reason) { throw std::runtime_error(reason); }
+
+template <typename T, typename SFINAE = void> struct format_descriptor { };
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+// Returns the index of the given type in the type char array below, and in the list in numpy.h
+// The order here is: bool; 8 ints ((signed,unsigned)x(8,16,32,64)bits); float,double,long double;
+// complex float,double,long double.  Note that the long double types only participate when long
+// double is actually longer than double (it isn't under MSVC).
+// NB: not only the string below but also complex.h and numpy.h rely on this order.
+template <typename T, typename SFINAE = void> struct is_fmt_numeric { static constexpr bool value = false; };
+template <typename T> struct is_fmt_numeric<T, enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic<T>::value>> {
+    static constexpr bool value = true;
+    static constexpr int index = std::is_same<T, bool>::value ? 0 : 1 + (
+        std::is_integral<T>::value ? detail::log2(sizeof(T))*2 + std::is_unsigned<T>::value : 8 + (
+        std::is_same<T, double>::value ? 1 : std::is_same<T, long double>::value ? 2 : 0));
+};
+NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+template <typename T> struct format_descriptor<T, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic<T>::value>> {
+    static constexpr const char c = "?bBhHiIqQfdg"[detail::is_fmt_numeric<T>::index];
+    static constexpr const char value[2] = { c, '\0' };
+    static std::string format() { return std::string(1, c); }
+};
+
+template <typename T> constexpr const char format_descriptor<
+    T, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic<T>::value>>::value[2];
+
+/// RAII wrapper that temporarily clears any Python error state
+struct error_scope {
+    PyObject *type, *value, *trace;
+    error_scope() { PyErr_Fetch(&type, &value, &trace); }
+    ~error_scope() { PyErr_Restore(type, value, trace); }
+};
+
+/// Dummy destructor wrapper that can be used to expose classes with a private destructor
+struct nodelete { template <typename T> void operator()(T*) { } };
+
+// overload_cast requires variable templates: C++14
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP14)
+#define PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_CAST 1
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+template <typename... Args>
+struct overload_cast_impl {
+    template <typename Return>
+    constexpr auto operator()(Return (*pf)(Args...)) const noexcept
+                              -> decltype(pf) { return pf; }
+
+    template <typename Return, typename Class>
+    constexpr auto operator()(Return (Class::*pmf)(Args...), std::false_type = {}) const noexcept
+                              -> decltype(pmf) { return pmf; }
+
+    template <typename Return, typename Class>
+    constexpr auto operator()(Return (Class::*pmf)(Args...) const, std::true_type) const noexcept
+                              -> decltype(pmf) { return pmf; }
+};
+NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+/// Syntax sugar for resolving overloaded function pointers:
+///  - regular: static_cast<Return (Class::*)(Arg0, Arg1, Arg2)>(&Class::func)
+///  - sweet:   overload_cast<Arg0, Arg1, Arg2>(&Class::func)
+template <typename... Args>
+static constexpr detail::overload_cast_impl<Args...> overload_cast = {};
+// MSVC 2015 only accepts this particular initialization syntax for this variable template.
+
+/// Const member function selector for overload_cast
+///  - regular: static_cast<Return (Class::*)(Arg) const>(&Class::func)
+///  - sweet:   overload_cast<Arg>(&Class::func, const_)
+static constexpr auto const_ = std::true_type{};
+
+#else // no overload_cast: providing something that static_assert-fails:
+template <typename... Args> struct overload_cast {
+    static_assert(detail::deferred_t<std::false_type, Args...>::value,
+                  "pybind11::overload_cast<...> requires compiling in C++14 mode");
+};
+#endif // overload_cast
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+// Adaptor for converting arbitrary container arguments into a vector; implicitly convertible from
+// any standard container (or C-style array) supporting std::begin/std::end, any singleton
+// arithmetic type (if T is arithmetic), or explicitly constructible from an iterator pair.
+template <typename T>
+class any_container {
+    std::vector<T> v;
+public:
+    any_container() = default;
+
+    // Can construct from a pair of iterators
+    template <typename It, typename = enable_if_t<is_input_iterator<It>::value>>
+    any_container(It first, It last) : v(first, last) { }
+
+    // Implicit conversion constructor from any arbitrary container type with values convertible to T
+    template <typename Container, typename = enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<decltype(*std::begin(std::declval<const Container &>())), T>::value>>
+    any_container(const Container &c) : any_container(std::begin(c), std::end(c)) { }
+
+    // initializer_list's aren't deducible, so don't get matched by the above template; we need this
+    // to explicitly allow implicit conversion from one:
+    template <typename TIn, typename = enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<TIn, T>::value>>
+    any_container(const std::initializer_list<TIn> &c) : any_container(c.begin(), c.end()) { }
+
+    // Avoid copying if given an rvalue vector of the correct type.
+    any_container(std::vector<T> &&v) : v(std::move(v)) { }
+
+    // Moves the vector out of an rvalue any_container
+    operator std::vector<T> &&() && { return std::move(v); }
+
+    // Dereferencing obtains a reference to the underlying vector
+    std::vector<T> &operator*() { return v; }
+    const std::vector<T> &operator*() const { return v; }
+
+    // -> lets you call methods on the underlying vector
+    std::vector<T> *operator->() { return &v; }
+    const std::vector<T> *operator->() const { return &v; }
+};
+
+NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+
+
+NAMESPACE_END(pybind11)

third-party/pybind11/include/pybind11/complex.h

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/complex.h: Complex number support
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+#include <complex>
+
+/// glibc defines I as a macro which breaks things, e.g., boost template names
+#ifdef I
+#  undef I
+#endif
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(pybind11)
+
+template <typename T> struct format_descriptor<std::complex<T>, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<T>::value>> {
+    static constexpr const char c = format_descriptor<T>::c;
+    static constexpr const char value[3] = { 'Z', c, '\0' };
+    static std::string format() { return std::string(value); }
+};
+
+template <typename T> constexpr const char format_descriptor<
+    std::complex<T>, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<T>::value>>::value[3];
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <typename T> struct is_fmt_numeric<std::complex<T>, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<T>::value>> {
+    static constexpr bool value = true;
+    static constexpr int index = is_fmt_numeric<T>::index + 3;
+};
+
+template <typename T> class type_caster<std::complex<T>> {
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!src)
+            return false;
+        if (!convert && !PyComplex_Check(src.ptr()))
+            return false;
+        Py_complex result = PyComplex_AsCComplex(src.ptr());
+        if (result.real == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            return false;
+        }
+        value = std::complex<T>((T) result.real, (T) result.imag);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const std::complex<T> &src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        return PyComplex_FromDoubles((double) src.real(), (double) src.imag());
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(std::complex<T>, _("complex"));
+};
+NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+NAMESPACE_END(pybind11)

third-party/pybind11/include/pybind11/descr.h

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/descr.h: Helper type for concatenating type signatures
+    either at runtime (C++11) or compile time (C++14)
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(pybind11)
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+/* Concatenate type signatures at compile time using C++14 */
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP14) && !defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define PYBIND11_CONSTEXPR_DESCR
+
+template <size_t Size1, size_t Size2> class descr {
+    template <size_t Size1_, size_t Size2_> friend class descr;
+public:
+    constexpr descr(char const (&text) [Size1+1], const std::type_info * const (&types)[Size2+1])
+        : descr(text, types,
+                make_index_sequence<Size1>(),
+                make_index_sequence<Size2>()) { }
+
+    constexpr const char *text() const { return m_text; }
+    constexpr const std::type_info * const * types() const { return m_types; }
+
+    template <size_t OtherSize1, size_t OtherSize2>
+    constexpr descr<Size1 + OtherSize1, Size2 + OtherSize2> operator+(const descr<OtherSize1, OtherSize2> &other) const {
+        return concat(other,
+                      make_index_sequence<Size1>(),
+                      make_index_sequence<Size2>(),
+                      make_index_sequence<OtherSize1>(),
+                      make_index_sequence<OtherSize2>());
+    }
+
+protected:
+    template <size_t... Indices1, size_t... Indices2>
+    constexpr descr(
+        char const (&text) [Size1+1],
+        const std::type_info * const (&types) [Size2+1],
+        index_sequence<Indices1...>, index_sequence<Indices2...>)
+        : m_text{text[Indices1]..., '\0'},
+          m_types{types[Indices2]...,  nullptr } {}
+
+    template <size_t OtherSize1, size_t OtherSize2, size_t... Indices1,
+              size_t... Indices2, size_t... OtherIndices1, size_t... OtherIndices2>
+    constexpr descr<Size1 + OtherSize1, Size2 + OtherSize2>
+    concat(const descr<OtherSize1, OtherSize2> &other,
+           index_sequence<Indices1...>, index_sequence<Indices2...>,
+           index_sequence<OtherIndices1...>, index_sequence<OtherIndices2...>) const {
+        return descr<Size1 + OtherSize1, Size2 + OtherSize2>(
+            { m_text[Indices1]..., other.m_text[OtherIndices1]..., '\0' },
+            { m_types[Indices2]..., other.m_types[OtherIndices2]..., nullptr }
+        );
+    }
+
+protected:
+    char m_text[Size1 + 1];
+    const std::type_info * m_types[Size2 + 1];
+};
+
+template <size_t Size> constexpr descr<Size - 1, 0> _(char const(&text)[Size]) {
+    return descr<Size - 1, 0>(text, { nullptr });
+}
+
+template <size_t Rem, size_t... Digits> struct int_to_str : int_to_str<Rem/10, Rem%10, Digits...> { };
+template <size_t...Digits> struct int_to_str<0, Digits...> {
+    static constexpr auto digits = descr<sizeof...(Digits), 0>({ ('0' + Digits)..., '\0' }, { nullptr });
+};
+
+// Ternary description (like std::conditional)
+template <bool B, size_t Size1, size_t Size2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<B, descr<Size1 - 1, 0>> _(char const(&text1)[Size1], char const(&)[Size2]) {
+    return _(text1);
+}
+template <bool B, size_t Size1, size_t Size2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<!B, descr<Size2 - 1, 0>> _(char const(&)[Size1], char const(&text2)[Size2]) {
+    return _(text2);
+}
+template <bool B, size_t SizeA1, size_t SizeA2, size_t SizeB1, size_t SizeB2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<B, descr<SizeA1, SizeA2>> _(descr<SizeA1, SizeA2> d, descr<SizeB1, SizeB2>) { return d; }
+template <bool B, size_t SizeA1, size_t SizeA2, size_t SizeB1, size_t SizeB2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<!B, descr<SizeB1, SizeB2>> _(descr<SizeA1, SizeA2>, descr<SizeB1, SizeB2> d) { return d; }
+
+template <size_t Size> auto constexpr _() -> decltype(int_to_str<Size / 10, Size % 10>::digits) {
+    return int_to_str<Size / 10, Size % 10>::digits;
+}
+
+template <typename Type> constexpr descr<1, 1> _() {
+    return descr<1, 1>({ '%', '\0' }, { &typeid(Type), nullptr });
+}
+
+inline constexpr descr<0, 0> concat() { return _(""); }
+template <size_t Size1, size_t Size2, typename... Args> auto constexpr concat(descr<Size1, Size2> descr) { return descr; }
+template <size_t Size1, size_t Size2, typename... Args> auto constexpr concat(descr<Size1, Size2> descr, Args&&... args) { return descr + _(", ") + concat(args...); }
+template <size_t Size1, size_t Size2> auto constexpr type_descr(descr<Size1, Size2> descr) { return _("{") + descr + _("}"); }
+
+#define PYBIND11_DESCR constexpr auto
+
+#else /* Simpler C++11 implementation based on run-time memory allocation and copying */
+
+class descr {
+public:
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE descr(const char *text, const std::type_info * const * types) {
+        size_t nChars = len(text), nTypes = len(types);
+        m_text  = new char[nChars];
+        m_types = new const std::type_info *[nTypes];
+        memcpy(m_text, text, nChars * sizeof(char));
+        memcpy(m_types, types, nTypes * sizeof(const std::type_info *));
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE descr operator+(descr &&d2) && {
+        descr r;
+
+        size_t nChars1 = len(m_text),    nTypes1 = len(m_types);
+        size_t nChars2 = len(d2.m_text), nTypes2 = len(d2.m_types);
+
+        r.m_text  = new char[nChars1 + nChars2 - 1];
+        r.m_types = new const std::type_info *[nTypes1 + nTypes2 - 1];
+        memcpy(r.m_text, m_text, (nChars1-1) * sizeof(char));
+        memcpy(r.m_text + nChars1 - 1, d2.m_text, nChars2 * sizeof(char));
+        memcpy(r.m_types, m_types, (nTypes1-1) * sizeof(std::type_info *));
+        memcpy(r.m_types + nTypes1 - 1, d2.m_types, nTypes2 * sizeof(std::type_info *));
+
+        delete[] m_text;    delete[] m_types;
+        delete[] d2.m_text; delete[] d2.m_types;
+
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    char *text() { return m_text; }
+    const std::type_info * * types() { return m_types; }
+
+protected:
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE descr() { }
+
+    template <typename T> static size_t len(const T *ptr) { // return length including null termination
+        const T *it = ptr;
+        while (*it++ != (T) 0)
+            ;
+        return static_cast<size_t>(it - ptr);
+    }
+
+    const std::type_info **m_types = nullptr;
+    char *m_text = nullptr;
+};
+
+/* The 'PYBIND11_NOINLINE inline' combinations below are intentional to get the desired linkage while producing as little object code as possible */
+
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE inline descr _(const char *text) {
+    const std::type_info *types[1] = { nullptr };
+    return descr(text, types);
+}
+
+template <bool B> PYBIND11_NOINLINE enable_if_t<B, descr> _(const char *text1, const char *) { return _(text1); }
+template <bool B> PYBIND11_NOINLINE enable_if_t<!B, descr> _(char const *, const char *text2) { return _(text2); }
+template <bool B> PYBIND11_NOINLINE enable_if_t<B, descr> _(descr d, descr) { return d; }
+template <bool B> PYBIND11_NOINLINE enable_if_t<!B, descr> _(descr, descr d) { return d; }
+
+template <typename Type> PYBIND11_NOINLINE descr _() {
+    const std::type_info *types[2] = { &typeid(Type), nullptr };
+    return descr("%", types);
+}
+
+template <size_t Size> PYBIND11_NOINLINE descr _() {
+    const std::type_info *types[1] = { nullptr };
+    return descr(std::to_string(Size).c_str(), types);
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE inline descr concat() { return _(""); }
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE inline descr concat(descr &&d) { return d; }
+template <typename... Args> PYBIND11_NOINLINE descr concat(descr &&d, Args&&... args) { return std::move(d) + _(", ") + concat(std::forward<Args>(args)...); }
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE inline descr type_descr(descr&& d) { return _("{") + std::move(d) + _("}"); }
+
+#define PYBIND11_DESCR ::pybind11::detail::descr
+#endif
+
+NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+NAMESPACE_END(pybind11)

third-party/pybind11/include/pybind11/eigen.h

@@ -0,0 +1,610 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/eigen.h: Transparent conversion for dense and sparse Eigen matrices
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "numpy.h"
+
+#if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#  pragma warning(disable: 1682) // implicit conversion of a 64-bit integral type to a smaller integral type (potential portability problem)
+#elif defined(__GNUG__) || defined(__clang__)
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+#  if __GNUC__ >= 7
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wint-in-bool-context"
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#include <Eigen/Core>
+#include <Eigen/SparseCore>
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  pragma warning(push)
+#  pragma warning(disable: 4127) // warning C4127: Conditional expression is constant
+#endif
+
+// Eigen prior to 3.2.7 doesn't have proper move constructors--but worse, some classes get implicit
+// move constructors that break things.  We could detect this an explicitly copy, but an extra copy
+// of matrices seems highly undesirable.
+static_assert(EIGEN_VERSION_AT_LEAST(3,2,7), "Eigen support in pybind11 requires Eigen >= 3.2.7");
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(pybind11)
+
+// Provide a convenience alias for easier pass-by-ref usage with fully dynamic strides:
+using EigenDStride = Eigen::Stride<Eigen::Dynamic, Eigen::Dynamic>;
+template <typename MatrixType> using EigenDRef = Eigen::Ref<MatrixType, 0, EigenDStride>;
+template <typename MatrixType> using EigenDMap = Eigen::Map<MatrixType, 0, EigenDStride>;
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+#if EIGEN_VERSION_AT_LEAST(3,3,0)
+using EigenIndex = Eigen::Index;
+#else
+using EigenIndex = EIGEN_DEFAULT_DENSE_INDEX_TYPE;
+#endif
+
+// Matches Eigen::Map, Eigen::Ref, blocks, etc:
+template <typename T> using is_eigen_dense_map = all_of<is_template_base_of<Eigen::DenseBase, T>, std::is_base_of<Eigen::MapBase<T, Eigen::ReadOnlyAccessors>, T>>;
+template <typename T> using is_eigen_mutable_map = std::is_base_of<Eigen::MapBase<T, Eigen::WriteAccessors>, T>;
+template <typename T> using is_eigen_dense_plain = all_of<negation<is_eigen_dense_map<T>>, is_template_base_of<Eigen::PlainObjectBase, T>>;
+template <typename T> using is_eigen_sparse = is_template_base_of<Eigen::SparseMatrixBase, T>;
+// Test for objects inheriting from EigenBase<Derived> that aren't captured by the above.  This
+// basically covers anything that can be assigned to a dense matrix but that don't have a typical
+// matrix data layout that can be copied from their .data().  For example, DiagonalMatrix and
+// SelfAdjointView fall into this category.
+template <typename T> using is_eigen_other = all_of<
+    is_template_base_of<Eigen::EigenBase, T>,
+    negation<any_of<is_eigen_dense_map<T>, is_eigen_dense_plain<T>, is_eigen_sparse<T>>>
+>;
+
+// Captures numpy/eigen conformability status (returned by EigenProps::conformable()):
+template <bool EigenRowMajor> struct EigenConformable {
+    bool conformable = false;
+    EigenIndex rows = 0, cols = 0;
+    EigenDStride stride{0, 0};      // Only valid if negativestrides is false!
+    bool negativestrides = false;   // If true, do not use stride!
+
+    EigenConformable(bool fits = false) : conformable{fits} {}
+    // Matrix type:
+    EigenConformable(EigenIndex r, EigenIndex c,
+            EigenIndex rstride, EigenIndex cstride) :
+        conformable{true}, rows{r}, cols{c} {
+        // TODO: when Eigen bug #747 is fixed, remove the tests for non-negativity. http://eigen.tuxfamily.org/bz/show_bug.cgi?id=747
+        if (rstride < 0 || cstride < 0) {
+            negativestrides = true;
+        } else {
+            stride = {EigenRowMajor ? rstride : cstride /* outer stride */,
+                      EigenRowMajor ? cstride : rstride /* inner stride */ };
+        }
+    }
+    // Vector type:
+    EigenConformable(EigenIndex r, EigenIndex c, EigenIndex stride)
+        : EigenConformable(r, c, r == 1 ? c*stride : stride, c == 1 ? r : r*stride) {}
+
+    template <typename props> bool stride_compatible() const {
+        // To have compatible strides, we need (on both dimensions) one of fully dynamic strides,
+        // matching strides, or a dimension size of 1 (in which case the stride value is irrelevant)
+        return
+            !negativestrides &&
+            (props::inner_stride == Eigen::Dynamic || props::inner_stride == stride.inner() ||
+                (EigenRowMajor ? cols : rows) == 1) &&
+            (props::outer_stride == Eigen::Dynamic || props::outer_stride == stride.outer() ||
+                (EigenRowMajor ? rows : cols) == 1);
+    }
+    operator bool() const { return conformable; }
+};
+
+template <typename Type> struct eigen_extract_stride { using type = Type; };
+template <typename PlainObjectType, int MapOptions, typename StrideType>
+struct eigen_extract_stride<Eigen::Map<PlainObjectType, MapOptions, StrideType>> { using type = StrideType; };
+template <typename PlainObjectType, int Options, typename StrideType>
+struct eigen_extract_stride<Eigen::Ref<PlainObjectType, Options, StrideType>> { using type = StrideType; };
+
+// Helper struct for extracting information from an Eigen type
+template <typename Type_> struct EigenProps {
+    using Type = Type_;
+    using Scalar = typename Type::Scalar;
+    using StrideType = typename eigen_extract_stride<Type>::type;
+    static constexpr EigenIndex
+        rows = Type::RowsAtCompileTime,
+        cols = Type::ColsAtCompileTime,
+        size = Type::SizeAtCompileTime;
+    static constexpr bool
+        row_major = Type::IsRowMajor,
+        vector = Type::IsVectorAtCompileTime, // At least one dimension has fixed size 1
+        fixed_rows = rows != Eigen::Dynamic,
+        fixed_cols = cols != Eigen::Dynamic,
+        fixed = size != Eigen::Dynamic, // Fully-fixed size
+        dynamic = !fixed_rows && !fixed_cols; // Fully-dynamic size
+
+    template <EigenIndex i, EigenIndex ifzero> using if_zero = std::integral_constant<EigenIndex, i == 0 ? ifzero : i>;
+    static constexpr EigenIndex inner_stride = if_zero<StrideType::InnerStrideAtCompileTime, 1>::value,
+                                outer_stride = if_zero<StrideType::OuterStrideAtCompileTime,
+                                                       vector ? size : row_major ? cols : rows>::value;
+    static constexpr bool dynamic_stride = inner_stride == Eigen::Dynamic && outer_stride == Eigen::Dynamic;
+    static constexpr bool requires_row_major = !dynamic_stride && !vector && (row_major ? inner_stride : outer_stride) == 1;
+    static constexpr bool requires_col_major = !dynamic_stride && !vector && (row_major ? outer_stride : inner_stride) == 1;
+
+    // Takes an input array and determines whether we can make it fit into the Eigen type.  If
+    // the array is a vector, we attempt to fit it into either an Eigen 1xN or Nx1 vector
+    // (preferring the latter if it will fit in either, i.e. for a fully dynamic matrix type).
+    static EigenConformable<row_major> conformable(const array &a) {
+        const auto dims = a.ndim();
+        if (dims < 1 || dims > 2)
+            return false;
+
+        if (dims == 2) { // Matrix type: require exact match (or dynamic)
+
+            EigenIndex
+                np_rows = a.shape(0),
+                np_cols = a.shape(1),
+                np_rstride = a.strides(0) / static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(Scalar)),
+                np_cstride = a.strides(1) / static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(Scalar));
+            if ((fixed_rows && np_rows != rows) || (fixed_cols && np_cols != cols))
+                return false;
+
+            return {np_rows, np_cols, np_rstride, np_cstride};
+        }
+
+        // Otherwise we're storing an n-vector.  Only one of the strides will be used, but whichever
+        // is used, we want the (single) numpy stride value.
+        const EigenIndex n = a.shape(0),
+              stride = a.strides(0) / static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(Scalar));
+
+        if (vector) { // Eigen type is a compile-time vector
+            if (fixed && size != n)
+                return false; // Vector size mismatch
+            return {rows == 1 ? 1 : n, cols == 1 ? 1 : n, stride};
+        }
+        else if (fixed) {
+            // The type has a fixed size, but is not a vector: abort
+            return false;
+        }
+        else if (fixed_cols) {
+            // Since this isn't a vector, cols must be != 1.  We allow this only if it exactly
+            // equals the number of elements (rows is Dynamic, and so 1 row is allowed).
+            if (cols != n) return false;
+            return {1, n, stride};
+        }
+        else {
+            // Otherwise it's either fully dynamic, or column dynamic; both become a column vector
+            if (fixed_rows && rows != n) return false;
+            return {n, 1, stride};
+        }
+    }
+
+    static PYBIND11_DESCR descriptor() {
+        constexpr bool show_writeable = is_eigen_dense_map<Type>::value && is_eigen_mutable_map<Type>::value;
+        constexpr bool show_order = is_eigen_dense_map<Type>::value;
+        constexpr bool show_c_contiguous = show_order && requires_row_major;
+        constexpr bool show_f_contiguous = !show_c_contiguous && show_order && requires_col_major;
+
+        return type_descr(_("numpy.ndarray[") + npy_format_descriptor<Scalar>::name() +
+            _("[")  + _<fixed_rows>(_<(size_t) rows>(), _("m")) +
+            _(", ") + _<fixed_cols>(_<(size_t) cols>(), _("n")) +
+            _("]") +
+            // For a reference type (e.g. Ref<MatrixXd>) we have other constraints that might need to be
+            // satisfied: writeable=True (for a mutable reference), and, depending on the map's stride
+            // options, possibly f_contiguous or c_contiguous.  We include them in the descriptor output
+            // to provide some hint as to why a TypeError is occurring (otherwise it can be confusing to
+            // see that a function accepts a 'numpy.ndarray[float64[3,2]]' and an error message that you
+            // *gave* a numpy.ndarray of the right type and dimensions.
+            _<show_writeable>(", flags.writeable", "") +
+            _<show_c_contiguous>(", flags.c_contiguous", "") +
+            _<show_f_contiguous>(", flags.f_contiguous", "") +
+            _("]")
+        );
+    }
+};
+
+// Casts an Eigen type to numpy array.  If given a base, the numpy array references the src data,
+// otherwise it'll make a copy.  writeable lets you turn off the writeable flag for the array.
+template <typename props> handle eigen_array_cast(typename props::Type const &src, handle base = handle(), bool writeable = true) {
+    constexpr ssize_t elem_size = sizeof(typename props::Scalar);
+    array a;
+    if (props::vector)
+        a = array({ src.size() }, { elem_size * src.innerStride() }, src.data(), base);
+    else
+        a = array({ src.rows(), src.cols() }, { elem_size * src.rowStride(), elem_size * src.colStride() },
+                  src.data(), base);
+
+    if (!writeable)
+        array_proxy(a.ptr())->flags &= ~detail::npy_api::NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE_;
+
+    return a.release();
+}
+
+// Takes an lvalue ref to some Eigen type and a (python) base object, creating a numpy array that
+// reference the Eigen object's data with `base` as the python-registered base class (if omitted,
+// the base will be set to None, and lifetime management is up to the caller).  The numpy array is
+// non-writeable if the given type is const.
+template <typename props, typename Type>
+handle eigen_ref_array(Type &src, handle parent = none()) {
+    // none here is to get past array's should-we-copy detection, which currently always
+    // copies when there is no base.  Setting the base to None should be harmless.
+    return eigen_array_cast<props>(src, parent, !std::is_const<Type>::value);
+}
+
+// Takes a pointer to some dense, plain Eigen type, builds a capsule around it, then returns a numpy
+// array that references the encapsulated data with a python-side reference to the capsule to tie
+// its destruction to that of any dependent python objects.  Const-ness is determined by whether or
+// not the Type of the pointer given is const.
+template <typename props, typename Type, typename = enable_if_t<is_eigen_dense_plain<Type>::value>>
+handle eigen_encapsulate(Type *src) {
+    capsule base(src, [](void *o) { delete static_cast<Type *>(o); });
+    return eigen_ref_array<props>(*src, base);
+}
+
+// Type caster for regular, dense matrix types (e.g. MatrixXd), but not maps/refs/etc. of dense
+// types.
+template<typename Type>
+struct type_caster<Type, enable_if_t<is_eigen_dense_plain<Type>::value>> {
+    using Scalar = typename Type::Scalar;
+    using props = EigenProps<Type>;
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        // If we're in no-convert mode, only load if given an array of the correct type
+        if (!convert && !isinstance<array_t<Scalar>>(src))
+            return false;
+
+        // Coerce into an array, but don't do type conversion yet; the copy below handles it.
+        auto buf = array::ensure(src);
+
+        if (!buf)
+            return false;
+
+        auto dims = buf.ndim();
+        if (dims < 1 || dims > 2)
+            return false;
+
+        auto fits = props::conformable(buf);
+        if (!fits)
+            return false;
+
+        // Allocate the new type, then build a numpy reference into it
+        value = Type(fits.rows, fits.cols);
+        auto ref = reinterpret_steal<array>(eigen_ref_array<props>(value));
+        if (dims == 1) ref = ref.squeeze();
+
+        int result = detail::npy_api::get().PyArray_CopyInto_(ref.ptr(), buf.ptr());
+
+        if (result < 0) { // Copy failed!
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+private:
+
+    // Cast implementation
+    template <typename CType>
+    static handle cast_impl(CType *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        switch (policy) {
+            case return_value_policy::take_ownership:
+            case return_value_policy::automatic:
+                return eigen_encapsulate<props>(src);
+            case return_value_policy::move:
+                return eigen_encapsulate<props>(new CType(std::move(*src)));
+            case return_value_policy::copy:
+                return eigen_array_cast<props>(*src);
+            case return_value_policy::reference:
+            case return_value_policy::automatic_reference:
+                return eigen_ref_array<props>(*src);
+            case return_value_policy::reference_internal:
+                return eigen_ref_array<props>(*src, parent);
+            default:
+                throw cast_error("unhandled return_value_policy: should not happen!");
+        };
+    }
+
+public:
+
+    // Normal returned non-reference, non-const value:
+    static handle cast(Type &&src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle parent) {
+        return cast_impl(&src, return_value_policy::move, parent);
+    }
+    // If you return a non-reference const, we mark the numpy array readonly:
+    static handle cast(const Type &&src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle parent) {
+        return cast_impl(&src, return_value_policy::move, parent);
+    }
+    // lvalue reference return; default (automatic) becomes copy
+    static handle cast(Type &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic || policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference)
+            policy = return_value_policy::copy;
+        return cast_impl(&src, policy, parent);
+    }
+    // const lvalue reference return; default (automatic) becomes copy
+    static handle cast(const Type &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic || policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference)
+            policy = return_value_policy::copy;
+        return cast(&src, policy, parent);
+    }
+    // non-const pointer return
+    static handle cast(Type *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        return cast_impl(src, policy, parent);
+    }
+    // const pointer return
+    static handle cast(const Type *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        return cast_impl(src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static PYBIND11_DESCR name() { return props::descriptor(); }
+
+    operator Type*() { return &value; }
+    operator Type&() { return value; }
+    operator Type&&() && { return std::move(value); }
+    template <typename T> using cast_op_type = movable_cast_op_type<T>;
+
+private:
+    Type value;
+};
+
+// Eigen Ref/Map classes have slightly different policy requirements, meaning we don't want to force
+// `move` when a Ref/Map rvalue is returned; we treat Ref<> sort of like a pointer (we care about
+// the underlying data, not the outer shell).
+template <typename Return>
+struct return_value_policy_override<Return, enable_if_t<is_eigen_dense_map<Return>::value>> {
+    static return_value_policy policy(return_value_policy p) { return p; }
+};
+
+// Base class for casting reference/map/block/etc. objects back to python.
+template <typename MapType> struct eigen_map_caster {
+private:
+    using props = EigenProps<MapType>;
+
+public:
+
+    // Directly referencing a ref/map's data is a bit dangerous (whatever the map/ref points to has
+    // to stay around), but we'll allow it under the assumption that you know what you're doing (and
+    // have an appropriate keep_alive in place).  We return a numpy array pointing directly at the
+    // ref's data (The numpy array ends up read-only if the ref was to a const matrix type.) Note
+    // that this means you need to ensure you don't destroy the object in some other way (e.g. with
+    // an appropriate keep_alive, or with a reference to a statically allocated matrix).
+    static handle cast(const MapType &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        switch (policy) {
+            case return_value_policy::copy:
+                return eigen_array_cast<props>(src);
+            case return_value_policy::reference_internal:
+                return eigen_array_cast<props>(src, parent, is_eigen_mutable_map<MapType>::value);
+            case return_value_policy::reference:
+            case return_value_policy::automatic:
+            case return_value_policy::automatic_reference:
+                return eigen_array_cast<props>(src, none(), is_eigen_mutable_map<MapType>::value);
+            default:
+                // move, take_ownership don't make any sense for a ref/map:
+                pybind11_fail("Invalid return_value_policy for Eigen Map/Ref/Block type");
+        }
+    }
+
+    static PYBIND11_DESCR name() { return props::descriptor(); }
+
+    // Explicitly delete these: support python -> C++ conversion on these (i.e. these can be return
+    // types but not bound arguments).  We still provide them (with an explicitly delete) so that
+    // you end up here if you try anyway.
+    bool load(handle, bool) = delete;
+    operator MapType() = delete;
+    template <typename> using cast_op_type = MapType;
+};
+
+// We can return any map-like object (but can only load Refs, specialized next):
+template <typename Type> struct type_caster<Type, enable_if_t<is_eigen_dense_map<Type>::value>>
+    : eigen_map_caster<Type> {};
+
+// Loader for Ref<...> arguments.  See the documentation for info on how to make this work without
+// copying (it requires some extra effort in many cases).
+template <typename PlainObjectType, typename StrideType>
+struct type_caster<
+    Eigen::Ref<PlainObjectType, 0, StrideType>,
+    enable_if_t<is_eigen_dense_map<Eigen::Ref<PlainObjectType, 0, StrideType>>::value>
+> : public eigen_map_caster<Eigen::Ref<PlainObjectType, 0, StrideType>> {
+private:
+    using Type = Eigen::Ref<PlainObjectType, 0, StrideType>;
+    using props = EigenProps<Type>;
+    using Scalar = typename props::Scalar;
+    using MapType = Eigen::Map<PlainObjectType, 0, StrideType>;
+    using Array = array_t<Scalar, array::forcecast |
+                ((props::row_major ? props::inner_stride : props::outer_stride) == 1 ? array::c_style :
+                 (props::row_major ? props::outer_stride : props::inner_stride) == 1 ? array::f_style : 0)>;
+    static constexpr bool need_writeable = is_eigen_mutable_map<Type>::value;
+    // Delay construction (these have no default constructor)
+    std::unique_ptr<MapType> map;
+    std::unique_ptr<Type> ref;
+    // Our array.  When possible, this is just a numpy array pointing to the source data, but
+    // sometimes we can't avoid copying (e.g. input is not a numpy array at all, has an incompatible
+    // layout, or is an array of a type that needs to be converted).  Using a numpy temporary
+    // (rather than an Eigen temporary) saves an extra copy when we need both type conversion and
+    // storage order conversion.  (Note that we refuse to use this temporary copy when loading an
+    // argument for a Ref<M> with M non-const, i.e. a read-write reference).
+    Array copy_or_ref;
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        // First check whether what we have is already an array of the right type.  If not, we can't
+        // avoid a copy (because the copy is also going to do type conversion).
+        bool need_copy = !isinstance<Array>(src);
+
+        EigenConformable<props::row_major> fits;
+        if (!need_copy) {
+            // We don't need a converting copy, but we also need to check whether the strides are
+            // compatible with the Ref's stride requirements
+            Array aref = reinterpret_borrow<Array>(src);
+
+            if (aref && (!need_writeable || aref.writeable())) {
+                fits = props::conformable(aref);
+                if (!fits) return false; // Incompatible dimensions
+                if (!fits.template stride_compatible<props>())
+                    need_copy = true;
+                else
+                    copy_or_ref = std::move(aref);
+            }
+            else {
+                need_copy = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (need_copy) {
+            // We need to copy: If we need a mutable reference, or we're not supposed to convert
+            // (either because we're in the no-convert overload pass, or because we're explicitly
+            // instructed not to copy (via `py::arg().noconvert()`) we have to fail loading.
+            if (!convert || need_writeable) return false;
+
+            Array copy = Array::ensure(src);
+            if (!copy) return false;
+            fits = props::conformable(copy);
+            if (!fits || !fits.template stride_compatible<props>())
+                return false;
+            copy_or_ref = std::move(copy);
+            loader_life_support::add_patient(copy_or_ref);
+        }
+
+        ref.reset();
+        map.reset(new MapType(data(copy_or_ref), fits.rows, fits.cols, make_stride(fits.stride.outer(), fits.stride.inner())));
+        ref.reset(new Type(*map));
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    operator Type*() { return ref.get(); }
+    operator Type&() { return *ref; }
+    template <typename _T> using cast_op_type = pybind11::detail::cast_op_type<_T>;
+
+private:
+    template <typename T = Type, enable_if_t<is_eigen_mutable_map<T>::value, int> = 0>
+    Scalar *data(Array &a) { return a.mutable_data(); }
+
+    template <typename T = Type, enable_if_t<!is_eigen_mutable_map<T>::value, int> = 0>
+    const Scalar *data(Array &a) { return a.data(); }
+
+    // Attempt to figure out a constructor of `Stride` that will work.
+    // If both strides are fixed, use a default constructor:
+    template <typename S> using stride_ctor_default = bool_constant<
+        S::InnerStrideAtCompileTime != Eigen::Dynamic && S::OuterStrideAtCompileTime != Eigen::Dynamic &&
+        std::is_default_constructible<S>::value>;
+    // Otherwise, if there is a two-index constructor, assume it is (outer,inner) like
+    // Eigen::Stride, and use it:
+    template <typename S> using stride_ctor_dual = bool_constant<
+        !stride_ctor_default<S>::value && std::is_constructible<S, EigenIndex, EigenIndex>::value>;
+    // Otherwise, if there is a one-index constructor, and just one of the strides is dynamic, use
+    // it (passing whichever stride is dynamic).
+    template <typename S> using stride_ctor_outer = bool_constant<
+        !any_of<stride_ctor_default<S>, stride_ctor_dual<S>>::value &&
+        S::OuterStrideAtCompileTime == Eigen::Dynamic && S::InnerStrideAtCompileTime != Eigen::Dynamic &&
+        std::is_constructible<S, EigenIndex>::value>;
+    template <typename S> using stride_ctor_inner = bool_constant<
+        !any_of<stride_ctor_default<S>, stride_ctor_dual<S>>::value &&
+        S::InnerStrideAtCompileTime == Eigen::Dynamic && S::OuterStrideAtCompileTime != Eigen::Dynamic &&
+        std::is_constructible<S, EigenIndex>::value>;
+
+    template <typename S = StrideType, enable_if_t<stride_ctor_default<S>::value, int> = 0>
+    static S make_stride(EigenIndex, EigenIndex) { return S(); }
+    template <typename S = StrideType, enable_if_t<stride_ctor_dual<S>::value, int> = 0>
+    static S make_stride(EigenIndex outer, EigenIndex inner) { return S(outer, inner); }
+    template <typename S = StrideType, enable_if_t<stride_ctor_outer<S>::value, int> = 0>
+    static S make_stride(EigenIndex outer, EigenIndex) { return S(outer); }
+    template <typename S = StrideType, enable_if_t<stride_ctor_inner<S>::value, int> = 0>
+    static S make_stride(EigenIndex, EigenIndex inner) { return S(inner); }
+
+};
+
+// type_caster for special matrix types (e.g. DiagonalMatrix), which are EigenBase, but not
+// EigenDense (i.e. they don't have a data(), at least not with the usual matrix layout).
+// load() is not supported, but we can cast them into the python domain by first copying to a
+// regular Eigen::Matrix, then casting that.
+template <typename Type>
+struct type_caster<Type, enable_if_t<is_eigen_other<Type>::value>> {
+protected:
+    using Matrix = Eigen::Matrix<typename Type::Scalar, Type::RowsAtCompileTime, Type::ColsAtCompileTime>;
+    using props = EigenProps<Matrix>;
+public:
+    static handle cast(const Type &src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        handle h = eigen_encapsulate<props>(new Matrix(src));
+        return h;
+    }
+    static handle cast(const Type *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) { return cast(*src, policy, parent); }
+
+    static PYBIND11_DESCR name() { return props::descriptor(); }
+
+    // Explicitly delete these: support python -> C++ conversion on these (i.e. these can be return
+    // types but not bound arguments).  We still provide them (with an explicitly delete) so that
+    // you end up here if you try anyway.
+    bool load(handle, bool) = delete;
+    operator Type() = delete;
+    template <typename> using cast_op_type = Type;
+};
+
+template<typename Type>
+struct type_caster<Type, enable_if_t<is_eigen_sparse<Type>::value>> {
+    typedef typename Type::Scalar Scalar;
+    typedef remove_reference_t<decltype(*std::declval<Type>().outerIndexPtr())> StorageIndex;
+    typedef typename Type::Index Index;
+    static constexpr bool rowMajor = Type::IsRowMajor;
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool) {
+        if (!src)
+            return false;
+
+        auto obj = reinterpret_borrow<object>(src);
+        object sparse_module = module::import("scipy.sparse");
+        object matrix_type = sparse_module.attr(
+            rowMajor ? "csr_matrix" : "csc_matrix");
+
+        if (!obj.get_type().is(matrix_type)) {
+            try {
+                obj = matrix_type(obj);
+            } catch (const error_already_set &) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        auto values = array_t<Scalar>((object) obj.attr("data"));
+        auto innerIndices = array_t<StorageIndex>((object) obj.attr("indices"));
+        auto outerIndices = array_t<StorageIndex>((object) obj.attr("indptr"));
+        auto shape = pybind11::tuple((pybind11::object) obj.attr("shape"));
+        auto nnz = obj.attr("nnz").cast<Index>();
+
+        if (!values || !innerIndices || !outerIndices)
+            return false;
+
+        value = Eigen::MappedSparseMatrix<Scalar, Type::Flags, StorageIndex>(
+            shape[0].cast<Index>(), shape[1].cast<Index>(), nnz,
+            outerIndices.mutable_data(), innerIndices.mutable_data(), values.mutable_data());
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const Type &src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        const_cast<Type&>(src).makeCompressed();
+
+        object matrix_type = module::import("scipy.sparse").attr(
+            rowMajor ? "csr_matrix" : "csc_matrix");
+
+        array data(src.nonZeros(), src.valuePtr());
+        array outerIndices((rowMajor ? src.rows() : src.cols()) + 1, src.outerIndexPtr());
+        array innerIndices(src.nonZeros(), src.innerIndexPtr());
+
+        return matrix_type(
+            std::make_tuple(data, innerIndices, outerIndices),
+            std::make_pair(src.rows(), src.cols())
+        ).release();
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(Type, _<(Type::IsRowMajor) != 0>("scipy.sparse.csr_matrix[", "scipy.sparse.csc_matrix[")
+            + npy_format_descriptor<Scalar>::name() + _("]"));
+};
+
+NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+NAMESPACE_END(pybind11)
+
+#if defined(__GNUG__) || defined(__clang__)
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  pragma warning(pop)
+#endif

third-party/pybind11/include/pybind11/embed.h

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/embed.h: Support for embedding the interpreter
+
+    Copyright (c) 2017 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+#include "eval.h"
+
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+#  error Embedding the interpreter is not supported with PyPy
+#endif
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+#  define PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE_IMPL(name)            \
+      extern "C" PyObject *pybind11_init_impl_##name() { \
+          return pybind11_init_wrapper_##name();         \
+      }
+#else
+#  define PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE_IMPL(name)            \
+      extern "C" void pybind11_init_impl_##name() {      \
+          pybind11_init_wrapper_##name();                \
+      }
+#endif
+
+/** \rst
+    Add a new module to the table of builtins for the interpreter. Must be
+    defined in global scope. The first macro parameter is the name of the
+    module (without quotes). The second parameter is the variable which will
+    be used as the interface to add functions and classes to the module.
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE(example, m) {
+            // ... initialize functions and classes here
+            m.def("foo", []() {
+                return "Hello, World!";
+            });
+        }
+ \endrst */
+#define PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE(name, variable)                              \
+    static void pybind11_init_##name(pybind11::module &);                     \
+    static PyObject *pybind11_init_wrapper_##name() {                         \
+        auto m = pybind11::module(#name);                                     \
+        try {                                                                 \
+            pybind11_init_##name(m);                                          \
+            return m.ptr();                                                   \
+        } catch (pybind11::error_already_set &e) {                            \
+            e.clear();                                                        \
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, e.what());                     \
+            return nullptr;                                                   \
+        } catch (const std::exception &e) {                                   \
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, e.what());                     \
+            return nullptr;                                                   \
+        }                                                                     \
+    }                                                                         \
+    PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE_IMPL(name)                                       \
+    pybind11::detail::embedded_module name(#name, pybind11_init_impl_##name); \
+    void pybind11_init_##name(pybind11::module &variable)
+
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(pybind11)
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+/// Python 2.7/3.x compatible version of `PyImport_AppendInittab` and error checks.
+struct embedded_module {
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    using init_t = PyObject *(*)();
+#else
+    using init_t = void (*)();
+#endif
+    embedded_module(const char *name, init_t init) {
+        if (Py_IsInitialized())
+            pybind11_fail("Can't add new modules after the interpreter has been initialized");
+
+        auto result = PyImport_AppendInittab(name, init);
+        if (result == -1)
+            pybind11_fail("Insufficient memory to add a new module");
+    }
+};
+
+NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+/** \rst
+    Initialize the Python interpreter. No other pybind11 or CPython API functions can be
+    called before this is done; with the exception of `PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE`. The
+    optional parameter can be used to skip the registration of signal handlers (see the
+    Python documentation for details). Calling this function again after the interpreter
+    has already been initialized is a fatal error.
+ \endrst */
+inline void initialize_interpreter(bool init_signal_handlers = true) {
+    if (Py_IsInitialized())
+        pybind11_fail("The interpreter is already running");
+
+    Py_InitializeEx(init_signal_handlers ? 1 : 0);
+
+    // Make .py files in the working directory available by default
+    auto sys_path = reinterpret_borrow<list>(module::import("sys").attr("path"));
+    sys_path.append(".");
+}
+
+/** \rst
+    Shut down the Python interpreter. No pybind11 or CPython API functions can be called
+    after this. In addition, pybind11 objects must not outlive the interpreter:
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        { // BAD
+            py::initialize_interpreter();
+            auto hello = py::str("Hello, World!");
+            py::finalize_interpreter();
+        } // <-- BOOM, hello's destructor is called after interpreter shutdown
+
+        { // GOOD
+            py::initialize_interpreter();
+            { // scoped
+                auto hello = py::str("Hello, World!");
+            } // <-- OK, hello is cleaned up properly
+            py::finalize_interpreter();
+        }
+
+        { // BETTER
+            py::scoped_interpreter guard{};
+            auto hello = py::str("Hello, World!");
+        }
+
+    .. warning::
+
+        The interpreter can be restarted by calling `initialize_interpreter` again.
+        Modules created using pybind11 can be safely re-initialized. However, Python
+        itself cannot completely unload binary extension modules and there are several
+        caveats with regard to interpreter restarting. All the details can be found
+        in the CPython documentation. In short, not all interpreter memory may be
+        freed, either due to reference cycles or user-created global data.
+
+ \endrst */
+inline void finalize_interpreter() {
+    handle builtins(PyEval_GetBuiltins());
+    const char *id = PYBIND11_INTERNALS_ID;
+
+    // Get the internals pointer (without creating it if it doesn't exist).  It's possible for the
+    // internals to be created during Py_Finalize() (e.g. if a py::capsule calls `get_internals()`
+    // during destruction), so we get the pointer-pointer here and check it after Py_Finalize().
+    detail::internals **internals_ptr_ptr = &detail::get_internals_ptr();
+    // It could also be stashed in builtins, so look there too:
+    if (builtins.contains(id) && isinstance<capsule>(builtins[id]))
+        internals_ptr_ptr = capsule(builtins[id]);
+
+    Py_Finalize();
+
+    if (internals_ptr_ptr) {
+        delete *internals_ptr_ptr;
+        *internals_ptr_ptr = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+/** \rst
+    Scope guard version of `initialize_interpreter` and `finalize_interpreter`.
+    This a move-only guard and only a single instance can exist.
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        #include <pybind11/embed.h>
+
+        int main() {
+            py::scoped_interpreter guard{};
+            py::print(Hello, World!);
+        } // <-- interpreter shutdown
+ \endrst */
+class scoped_interpreter {
+public:
+    scoped_interpreter(bool init_signal_handlers = true) {
+        initialize_interpreter(init_signal_handlers);
+    }
+
+    scoped_interpreter(const scoped_interpreter &) = delete;
+    scoped_interpreter(scoped_interpreter &&other) noexcept { other.is_valid = false; }
+    scoped_interpreter &operator=(const scoped_interpreter &) = delete;
+    scoped_interpreter &operator=(scoped_interpreter &&) = delete;
+
+    ~scoped_interpreter() {
+        if (is_valid)
+            finalize_interpreter();
+    }
+
+private:
+    bool is_valid = true;
+};
+
+NAMESPACE_END(pybind11)

third-party/pybind11/include/pybind11/eval.h

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/exec.h: Support for evaluating Python expressions and statements
+    from strings and files
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Klemens Morgenstern <klemens.morgenstern@ed-chemnitz.de> and
+                       Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(pybind11)
+
+enum eval_mode {
+    /// Evaluate a string containing an isolated expression
+    eval_expr,
+
+    /// Evaluate a string containing a single statement. Returns \c none
+    eval_single_statement,
+
+    /// Evaluate a string containing a sequence of statement. Returns \c none
+    eval_statements
+};
+
+template <eval_mode mode = eval_expr>
+object eval(str expr, object global = globals(), object local = object()) {
+    if (!local)
+        local = global;
+
+    /* PyRun_String does not accept a PyObject / encoding specifier,
+       this seems to be the only alternative */
+    std::string buffer = "# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-\n" + (std::string) expr;
+
+    int start;
+    switch (mode) {
+        case eval_expr:             start = Py_eval_input;   break;
+        case eval_single_statement: start = Py_single_input; break;
+        case eval_statements:       start = Py_file_input;   break;
+        default: pybind11_fail("invalid evaluation mode");
+    }
+
+    PyObject *result = PyRun_String(buffer.c_str(), start, global.ptr(), local.ptr());
+    if (!result)
+        throw error_already_set();
+    return reinterpret_steal<object>(result);
+}
+
+template <eval_mode mode = eval_expr, size_t N>
+object eval(const char (&s)[N], object global = globals(), object local = object()) {
+    /* Support raw string literals by removing common leading whitespace */
+    auto expr = (s[0] == '\n') ? str(module::import("textwrap").attr("dedent")(s))
+                               : str(s);
+    return eval<mode>(expr, global, local);
+}
+
+inline void exec(str expr, object global = globals(), object local = object()) {
+    eval<eval_statements>(expr, global, local);
+}
+
+template <size_t N>
+void exec(const char (&s)[N], object global = globals(), object local = object()) {
+    eval<eval_statements>(s, global, local);
+}
+
+template <eval_mode mode = eval_statements>
+object eval_file(str fname, object global = globals(), object local = object()) {
+    if (!local)
+        local = global;
+
+    int start;
+    switch (mode) {
+        case eval_expr:             start = Py_eval_input;   break;
+        case eval_single_statement: start = Py_single_input; break;
+        case eval_statements:       start = Py_file_input;   break;
+        default: pybind11_fail("invalid evaluation mode");
+    }
+
+    int closeFile = 1;
+    std::string fname_str = (std::string) fname;
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03040000
+    FILE *f = _Py_fopen_obj(fname.ptr(), "r");
+#elif PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+    FILE *f = _Py_fopen(fname.ptr(), "r");
+#else
+    /* No unicode support in open() :( */
+    auto fobj = reinterpret_steal<object>(PyFile_FromString(
+        const_cast<char *>(fname_str.c_str()),
+        const_cast<char*>("r")));
+    FILE *f = nullptr;
+    if (fobj)
+        f = PyFile_AsFile(fobj.ptr());
+    closeFile = 0;
+#endif
+    if (!f) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        pybind11_fail("File \"" + fname_str + "\" could not be opened!");
+    }
+
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000 && defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+    PyObject *result = PyRun_File(f, fname_str.c_str(), start, global.ptr(),
+                                  local.ptr());
+    (void) closeFile;
+#else
+    PyObject *result = PyRun_FileEx(f, fname_str.c_str(), start, global.ptr(),
+                                    local.ptr(), closeFile);
+#endif
+
+    if (!result)
+        throw error_already_set();
+    return reinterpret_steal<object>(result);
+}
+
+NAMESPACE_END(pybind11)

third-party/pybind11/include/pybind11/functional.h

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/functional.h: std::function<> support
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+#include <functional>
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(pybind11)
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <typename Return, typename... Args>
+struct type_caster<std::function<Return(Args...)>> {
+    using type = std::function<Return(Args...)>;
+    using retval_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<Return, void>::value, void_type, Return>;
+    using function_type = Return (*) (Args...);
+
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (src.is_none()) {
+            // Defer accepting None to other overloads (if we aren't in convert mode):
+            if (!convert) return false;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (!isinstance<function>(src))
+            return false;
+
+        auto func = reinterpret_borrow<function>(src);
+
+        /*
+           When passing a C++ function as an argument to another C++
+           function via Python, every function call would normally involve
+           a full C++ -> Python -> C++ roundtrip, which can be prohibitive.
+           Here, we try to at least detect the case where the function is
+           stateless (i.e. function pointer or lambda function without
+           captured variables), in which case the roundtrip can be avoided.
+         */
+        if (auto cfunc = func.cpp_function()) {
+            auto c = reinterpret_borrow<capsule>(PyCFunction_GET_SELF(cfunc.ptr()));
+            auto rec = (function_record *) c;
+
+            if (rec && rec->is_stateless &&
+                    same_type(typeid(function_type), *reinterpret_cast<const std::type_info *>(rec->data[1]))) {
+                struct capture { function_type f; };
+                value = ((capture *) &rec->data)->f;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        value = [func](Args... args) -> Return {
+            gil_scoped_acquire acq;
+            object retval(func(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+            /* Visual studio 2015 parser issue: need parentheses around this expression */
+            return (retval.template cast<Return>());
+        };
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template <typename Func>
+    static handle cast(Func &&f_, return_value_policy policy, handle /* parent */) {
+        if (!f_)
+            return none().inc_ref();
+
+        auto result = f_.template target<function_type>();
+        if (result)
+            return cpp_function(*result, policy).release();
+        else
+            return cpp_function(std::forward<Func>(f_), policy).release();
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(type, _("Callable[[") +
+            argument_loader<Args...>::arg_names() + _("], ") +
+            make_caster<retval_type>::name() +
+            _("]"));
+};
+
+NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+NAMESPACE_END(pybind11)

third-party/pybind11/include/pybind11/operators.h

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/operator.h: Metatemplates for operator overloading
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+
+#if defined(__clang__) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#  pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunsequenced" // multiple unsequenced modifications to 'self' (when using def(py::self OP Type()))
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  pragma warning(push)
+#  pragma warning(disable: 4127) // warning C4127: Conditional expression is constant
+#endif
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(pybind11)
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+/// Enumeration with all supported operator types
+enum op_id : int {
+    op_add, op_sub, op_mul, op_div, op_mod, op_divmod, op_pow, op_lshift,
+    op_rshift, op_and, op_xor, op_or, op_neg, op_pos, op_abs, op_invert,
+    op_int, op_long, op_float, op_str, op_cmp, op_gt, op_ge, op_lt, op_le,
+    op_eq, op_ne, op_iadd, op_isub, op_imul, op_idiv, op_imod, op_ilshift,
+    op_irshift, op_iand, op_ixor, op_ior, op_complex, op_bool, op_nonzero,
+    op_repr, op_truediv, op_itruediv
+};
+
+enum op_type : int {
+    op_l, /* base type on left */
+    op_r, /* base type on right */
+    op_u  /* unary operator */
+};
+
+struct self_t { };
+static const self_t self = self_t();
+
+/// Type for an unused type slot
+struct undefined_t { };
+
+/// Don't warn about an unused variable
+inline self_t __self() { return self; }
+
+/// base template of operator implementations
+template <op_id, op_type, typename B, typename L, typename R> struct op_impl { };
+
+/// Operator implementation generator
+template <op_id id, op_type ot, typename L, typename R> struct op_ {
+    template <typename Class, typename... Extra> void execute(Class &cl, const Extra&... extra) const {
+        using Base = typename Class::type;
+        using L_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<L, self_t>::value, Base, L>;
+        using R_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<R, self_t>::value, Base, R>;
+        using op = op_impl<id, ot, Base, L_type, R_type>;
+        cl.def(op::name(), &op::execute, is_operator(), extra...);
+        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+        if (id == op_truediv || id == op_itruediv)
+            cl.def(id == op_itruediv ? "__idiv__" : ot == op_l ? "__div__" : "__rdiv__",
+                    &op::execute, is_operator(), extra...);
+        #endif
+    }
+    template <typename Class, typename... Extra> void execute_cast(Class &cl, const Extra&... extra) const {
+        using Base = typename Class::type;
+        using L_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<L, self_t>::value, Base, L>;
+        using R_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<R, self_t>::value, Base, R>;
+        using op = op_impl<id, ot, Base, L_type, R_type>;
+        cl.def(op::name(), &op::execute_cast, is_operator(), extra...);
+        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+        if (id == op_truediv || id == op_itruediv)
+            cl.def(id == op_itruediv ? "__idiv__" : ot == op_l ? "__div__" : "__rdiv__",
+                    &op::execute, is_operator(), extra...);
+        #endif
+    }
+};
+
+#define PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(id, rid, op, expr)                                    \
+template <typename B, typename L, typename R> struct op_impl<op_##id, op_l, B, L, R> { \
+    static char const* name() { return "__" #id "__"; }                                \
+    static auto execute(const L &l, const R &r) -> decltype(expr) { return (expr); }   \
+    static B execute_cast(const L &l, const R &r) { return B(expr); }                  \
+};                                                                                     \
+template <typename B, typename L, typename R> struct op_impl<op_##id, op_r, B, L, R> { \
+    static char const* name() { return "__" #rid "__"; }                               \
+    static auto execute(const R &r, const L &l) -> decltype(expr) { return (expr); }   \
+    static B execute_cast(const R &r, const L &l) { return B(expr); }                  \
+};                                                                                     \
+inline op_<op_##id, op_l, self_t, self_t> op(const self_t &, const self_t &) {         \
+    return op_<op_##id, op_l, self_t, self_t>();                                       \
+}                                                                                      \
+template <typename T> op_<op_##id, op_l, self_t, T> op(const self_t &, const T &) {    \
+    return op_<op_##id, op_l, self_t, T>();                                            \
+}                                                                                      \
+template <typename T> op_<op_##id, op_r, T, self_t> op(const T &, const self_t &) {    \
+    return op_<op_##id, op_r, T, self_t>();                                            \
+}
+
+#define PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(id, op, expr)                                        \
+template <typename B, typename L, typename R> struct op_impl<op_##id, op_l, B, L, R> { \
+    static char const* name() { return "__" #id "__"; }                                \
+    static auto execute(L &l, const R &r) -> decltype(expr) { return expr; }           \
+    static B execute_cast(L &l, const R &r) { return B(expr); }                        \
+};                                                                                     \
+template <typename T> op_<op_##id, op_l, self_t, T> op(const self_t &, const T &) {    \
+    return op_<op_##id, op_l, self_t, T>();                                            \
+}
+
+#define PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(id, op, expr)                                          \
+template <typename B, typename L> struct op_impl<op_##id, op_u, B, L, undefined_t> {   \
+    static char const* name() { return "__" #id "__"; }                                \
+    static auto execute(const L &l) -> decltype(expr) { return expr; }                 \
+    static B execute_cast(const L &l) { return B(expr); }                              \
+};                                                                                     \
+inline op_<op_##id, op_u, self_t, undefined_t> op(const self_t &) {                    \
+    return op_<op_##id, op_u, self_t, undefined_t>();                                  \
+}
+
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(sub,       rsub,         operator-,    l - r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(add,       radd,         operator+,    l + r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(mul,       rmul,         operator*,    l * r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(truediv,   rtruediv,     operator/,    l / r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(mod,       rmod,         operator%,    l % r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(lshift,    rlshift,      operator<<,   l << r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(rshift,    rrshift,      operator>>,   l >> r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(and,       rand,         operator&,    l & r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(xor,       rxor,         operator^,    l ^ r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(eq,        eq,           operator==,   l == r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(ne,        ne,           operator!=,   l != r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(or,        ror,          operator|,    l | r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(gt,        lt,           operator>,    l > r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(ge,        le,           operator>=,   l >= r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(lt,        gt,           operator<,    l < r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(le,        ge,           operator<=,   l <= r)
+//PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(pow,       rpow,         pow,          std::pow(l,  r))
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(iadd,     operator+=,   l += r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(isub,     operator-=,   l -= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(imul,     operator*=,   l *= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(itruediv, operator/=,   l /= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(imod,     operator%=,   l %= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(ilshift,  operator<<=,  l <<= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(irshift,  operator>>=,  l >>= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(iand,     operator&=,   l &= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(ixor,     operator^=,   l ^= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(ior,      operator|=,   l |= r)
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(neg,        operator-,    -l)
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(pos,        operator+,    +l)
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(abs,        abs,          std::abs(l))
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(invert,     operator~,    (~l))
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(bool,       operator!,    !!l)
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(int,        int_,         (int) l)
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(float,      float_,       (double) l)
+
+#undef PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR
+#undef PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR
+#undef PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR
+NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+using detail::self;
+
+NAMESPACE_END(pybind11)
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  pragma warning(pop)
+#endif

third-party/pybind11/include/pybind11/options.h

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/options.h: global settings that are configurable at runtime.
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(pybind11)
+
+class options {
+public:
+
+    // Default RAII constructor, which leaves settings as they currently are.
+    options() : previous_state(global_state()) {}
+
+    // Class is non-copyable.
+    options(const options&) = delete;
+    options& operator=(const options&) = delete;
+
+    // Destructor, which restores settings that were in effect before.
+    ~options() {
+        global_state() = previous_state;
+    }
+
+    // Setter methods (affect the global state):
+
+    options& disable_user_defined_docstrings() & { global_state().show_user_defined_docstrings = false; return *this; }
+
+    options& enable_user_defined_docstrings() & { global_state().show_user_defined_docstrings = true; return *this; }
+
+    options& disable_function_signatures() & { global_state().show_function_signatures = false; return *this; }
+
+    options& enable_function_signatures() & { global_state().show_function_signatures = true; return *this; }
+
+    // Getter methods (return the global state):
+
+    static bool show_user_defined_docstrings() { return global_state().show_user_defined_docstrings; }
+
+    static bool show_function_signatures() { return global_state().show_function_signatures; }
+
+    // This type is not meant to be allocated on the heap.
+    void* operator new(size_t) = delete;
+
+private:
+
+    struct state {
+        bool show_user_defined_docstrings = true;  //< Include user-supplied texts in docstrings.
+        bool show_function_signatures = true;      //< Include auto-generated function signatures in docstrings.
+    };
+
+    static state &global_state() {
+        static state instance;
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    state previous_state;
+};
+
+NAMESPACE_END(pybind11)

third-party/pybind11/include/pybind11/stl.h

@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/stl.h: Transparent conversion for STL data types
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+#include <set>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <map>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <list>
+#include <valarray>
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable: 4127) // warning C4127: Conditional expression is constant
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __has_include
+// std::optional (but including it in c++14 mode isn't allowed)
+#  if defined(PYBIND11_CPP17) && __has_include(<optional>)
+#    include <optional>
+#    define PYBIND11_HAS_OPTIONAL 1
+#  endif
+// std::experimental::optional (but not allowed in c++11 mode)
+#  if defined(PYBIND11_CPP14) && __has_include(<experimental/optional>)
+#    include <experimental/optional>
+#    define PYBIND11_HAS_EXP_OPTIONAL 1
+#  endif
+// std::variant
+#  if defined(PYBIND11_CPP17) && __has_include(<variant>)
+#    include <variant>
+#    define PYBIND11_HAS_VARIANT 1
+#  endif
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(PYBIND11_CPP17)
+#  include <optional>
+#  include <variant>
+#  define PYBIND11_HAS_OPTIONAL 1
+#  define PYBIND11_HAS_VARIANT 1
+#endif
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(pybind11)
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+/// Extracts an const lvalue reference or rvalue reference for U based on the type of T (e.g. for
+/// forwarding a container element).  Typically used indirect via forwarded_type(), below.
+template <typename T, typename U>
+using forwarded_type = conditional_t<
+    std::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value, remove_reference_t<U> &, remove_reference_t<U> &&>;
+
+/// Forwards a value U as rvalue or lvalue according to whether T is rvalue or lvalue; typically
+/// used for forwarding a container's elements.
+template <typename T, typename U>
+forwarded_type<T, U> forward_like(U &&u) {
+    return std::forward<detail::forwarded_type<T, U>>(std::forward<U>(u));
+}
+
+template <typename Type, typename Key> struct set_caster {
+    using type = Type;
+    using key_conv = make_caster<Key>;
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!isinstance<pybind11::set>(src))
+            return false;
+        auto s = reinterpret_borrow<pybind11::set>(src);
+        value.clear();
+        for (auto entry : s) {
+            key_conv conv;
+            if (!conv.load(entry, convert))
+                return false;
+            value.insert(cast_op<Key &&>(std::move(conv)));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static handle cast(T &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        pybind11::set s;
+        for (auto &value: src) {
+            auto value_ = reinterpret_steal<object>(key_conv::cast(forward_like<T>(value), policy, parent));
+            if (!value_ || !s.add(value_))
+                return handle();
+        }
+        return s.release();
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(type, _("Set[") + key_conv::name() + _("]"));
+};
+
+template <typename Type, typename Key, typename Value> struct map_caster {
+    using key_conv   = make_caster<Key>;
+    using value_conv = make_caster<Value>;
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!isinstance<dict>(src))
+            return false;
+        auto d = reinterpret_borrow<dict>(src);
+        value.clear();
+        for (auto it : d) {
+            key_conv kconv;
+            value_conv vconv;
+            if (!kconv.load(it.first.ptr(), convert) ||
+                !vconv.load(it.second.ptr(), convert))
+                return false;
+            value.emplace(cast_op<Key &&>(std::move(kconv)), cast_op<Value &&>(std::move(vconv)));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static handle cast(T &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        dict d;
+        for (auto &kv: src) {
+            auto key = reinterpret_steal<object>(key_conv::cast(forward_like<T>(kv.first), policy, parent));
+            auto value = reinterpret_steal<object>(value_conv::cast(forward_like<T>(kv.second), policy, parent));
+            if (!key || !value)
+                return handle();
+            d[key] = value;
+        }
+        return d.release();
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(Type, _("Dict[") + key_conv::name() + _(", ") + value_conv::name() + _("]"));
+};
+
+template <typename Type, typename Value> struct list_caster {
+    using value_conv = make_caster<Value>;
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!isinstance<sequence>(src))
+            return false;
+        auto s = reinterpret_borrow<sequence>(src);
+        value.clear();
+        reserve_maybe(s, &value);
+        for (auto it : s) {
+            value_conv conv;
+            if (!conv.load(it, convert))
+                return false;
+            value.push_back(cast_op<Value &&>(std::move(conv)));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+private:
+    template <typename T = Type,
+              enable_if_t<std::is_same<decltype(std::declval<T>().reserve(0)), void>::value, int> = 0>
+    void reserve_maybe(sequence s, Type *) { value.reserve(s.size()); }
+    void reserve_maybe(sequence, void *) { }
+
+public:
+    template <typename T>
+    static handle cast(T &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        list l(src.size());
+        size_t index = 0;
+        for (auto &value: src) {
+            auto value_ = reinterpret_steal<object>(value_conv::cast(forward_like<T>(value), policy, parent));
+            if (!value_)
+                return handle();
+            PyList_SET_ITEM(l.ptr(), (ssize_t) index++, value_.release().ptr()); // steals a reference
+        }
+        return l.release();
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(Type, _("List[") + value_conv::name() + _("]"));
+};
+
+template <typename Type, typename Alloc> struct type_caster<std::vector<Type, Alloc>>
+ : list_caster<std::vector<Type, Alloc>, Type> { };
+
+template <typename Type, typename Alloc> struct type_caster<std::list<Type, Alloc>>
+ : list_caster<std::list<Type, Alloc>, Type> { };
+
+template <typename ArrayType, typename Value, bool Resizable, size_t Size = 0> struct array_caster {
+    using value_conv = make_caster<Value>;
+
+private:
+    template <bool R = Resizable>
+    bool require_size(enable_if_t<R, size_t> size) {
+        if (value.size() != size)
+            value.resize(size);
+        return true;
+    }
+    template <bool R = Resizable>
+    bool require_size(enable_if_t<!R, size_t> size) {
+        return size == Size;
+    }
+
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!isinstance<list>(src))
+            return false;
+        auto l = reinterpret_borrow<list>(src);
+        if (!require_size(l.size()))
+            return false;
+        size_t ctr = 0;
+        for (auto it : l) {
+            value_conv conv;
+            if (!conv.load(it, convert))
+                return false;
+            value[ctr++] = cast_op<Value &&>(std::move(conv));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static handle cast(T &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        list l(src.size());
+        size_t index = 0;
+        for (auto &value: src) {
+            auto value_ = reinterpret_steal<object>(value_conv::cast(forward_like<T>(value), policy, parent));
+            if (!value_)
+                return handle();
+            PyList_SET_ITEM(l.ptr(), (ssize_t) index++, value_.release().ptr()); // steals a reference
+        }
+        return l.release();
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(ArrayType, _("List[") + value_conv::name() + _<Resizable>(_(""), _("[") + _<Size>() + _("]")) + _("]"));
+};
+
+template <typename Type, size_t Size> struct type_caster<std::array<Type, Size>>
+ : array_caster<std::array<Type, Size>, Type, false, Size> { };
+
+template <typename Type> struct type_caster<std::valarray<Type>>
+ : array_caster<std::valarray<Type>, Type, true> { };
+
+template <typename Key, typename Compare, typename Alloc> struct type_caster<std::set<Key, Compare, Alloc>>
+  : set_caster<std::set<Key, Compare, Alloc>, Key> { };
+
+template <typename Key, typename Hash, typename Equal, typename Alloc> struct type_caster<std::unordered_set<Key, Hash, Equal, Alloc>>
+  : set_caster<std::unordered_set<Key, Hash, Equal, Alloc>, Key> { };
+
+template <typename Key, typename Value, typename Compare, typename Alloc> struct type_caster<std::map<Key, Value, Compare, Alloc>>
+  : map_caster<std::map<Key, Value, Compare, Alloc>, Key, Value> { };
+
+template <typename Key, typename Value, typename Hash, typename Equal, typename Alloc> struct type_caster<std::unordered_map<Key, Value, Hash, Equal, Alloc>>
+  : map_caster<std::unordered_map<Key, Value, Hash, Equal, Alloc>, Key, Value> { };
+
+// This type caster is intended to be used for std::optional and std::experimental::optional
+template<typename T> struct optional_caster {
+    using value_conv = make_caster<typename T::value_type>;
+
+    template <typename T_>
+    static handle cast(T_ &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (!src)
+            return none().inc_ref();
+        return value_conv::cast(*std::forward<T_>(src), policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!src) {
+            return false;
+        } else if (src.is_none()) {
+            return true;  // default-constructed value is already empty
+        }
+        value_conv inner_caster;
+        if (!inner_caster.load(src, convert))
+            return false;
+
+        value.emplace(cast_op<typename T::value_type &&>(std::move(inner_caster)));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(T, _("Optional[") + value_conv::name() + _("]"));
+};
+
+#if PYBIND11_HAS_OPTIONAL
+template<typename T> struct type_caster<std::optional<T>>
+    : public optional_caster<std::optional<T>> {};
+
+template<> struct type_caster<std::nullopt_t>
+    : public void_caster<std::nullopt_t> {};
+#endif
+
+#if PYBIND11_HAS_EXP_OPTIONAL
+template<typename T> struct type_caster<std::experimental::optional<T>>
+    : public optional_caster<std::experimental::optional<T>> {};
+
+template<> struct type_caster<std::experimental::nullopt_t>
+    : public void_caster<std::experimental::nullopt_t> {};
+#endif
+
+/// Visit a variant and cast any found type to Python
+struct variant_caster_visitor {
+    return_value_policy policy;
+    handle parent;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    handle operator()(T &&src) const {
+        return make_caster<T>::cast(std::forward<T>(src), policy, parent);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Helper class which abstracts away variant's `visit` function. `std::variant` and similar
+/// `namespace::variant` types which provide a `namespace::visit()` function are handled here
+/// automatically using argument-dependent lookup. Users can provide specializations for other
+/// variant-like classes, e.g. `boost::variant` and `boost::apply_visitor`.
+template <template<typename...> class Variant>
+struct visit_helper {
+    template <typename... Args>
+    static auto call(Args &&...args) -> decltype(visit(std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {
+        return visit(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Generic variant caster
+template <typename Variant> struct variant_caster;
+
+template <template<typename...> class V, typename... Ts>
+struct variant_caster<V<Ts...>> {
+    static_assert(sizeof...(Ts) > 0, "Variant must consist of at least one alternative.");
+
+    template <typename U, typename... Us>
+    bool load_alternative(handle src, bool convert, type_list<U, Us...>) {
+        auto caster = make_caster<U>();
+        if (caster.load(src, convert)) {
+            value = cast_op<U>(caster);
+            return true;
+        }
+        return load_alternative(src, convert, type_list<Us...>{});
+    }
+
+    bool load_alternative(handle, bool, type_list<>) { return false; }
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        // Do a first pass without conversions to improve constructor resolution.
+        // E.g. `py::int_(1).cast<variant<double, int>>()` needs to fill the `int`
+        // slot of the variant. Without two-pass loading `double` would be filled
+        // because it appears first and a conversion is possible.
+        if (convert && load_alternative(src, false, type_list<Ts...>{}))
+            return true;
+        return load_alternative(src, convert, type_list<Ts...>{});
+    }
+
+    template <typename Variant>
+    static handle cast(Variant &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        return visit_helper<V>::call(variant_caster_visitor{policy, parent},
+                                     std::forward<Variant>(src));
+    }
+
+    using Type = V<Ts...>;
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(Type, _("Union[") + detail::concat(make_caster<Ts>::name()...) + _("]"));
+};
+
+#if PYBIND11_HAS_VARIANT
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct type_caster<std::variant<Ts...>> : variant_caster<std::variant<Ts...>> { };
+#endif
+NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const handle &obj) {
+    os << (std::string) str(obj);
+    return os;
+}
+
+NAMESPACE_END(pybind11)
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif

third-party/pybind11/include/pybind11/stl_bind.h

@@ -0,0 +1,588 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/std_bind.h: Binding generators for STL data types
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Sergey Lyskov and Wenzel Jakob
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "operators.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <sstream>
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(pybind11)
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+/* SFINAE helper class used by 'is_comparable */
+template <typename T>  struct container_traits {
+    template <typename T2> static std::true_type test_comparable(decltype(std::declval<const T2 &>() == std::declval<const T2 &>())*);
+    template <typename T2> static std::false_type test_comparable(...);
+    template <typename T2> static std::true_type test_value(typename T2::value_type *);
+    template <typename T2> static std::false_type test_value(...);
+    template <typename T2> static std::true_type test_pair(typename T2::first_type *, typename T2::second_type *);
+    template <typename T2> static std::false_type test_pair(...);
+
+    static constexpr const bool is_comparable = std::is_same<std::true_type, decltype(test_comparable<T>(nullptr))>::value;
+    static constexpr const bool is_pair = std::is_same<std::true_type, decltype(test_pair<T>(nullptr, nullptr))>::value;
+    static constexpr const bool is_vector = std::is_same<std::true_type, decltype(test_value<T>(nullptr))>::value;
+    static constexpr const bool is_element = !is_pair && !is_vector;
+};
+
+/* Default: is_comparable -> std::false_type */
+template <typename T, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct is_comparable : std::false_type { };
+
+/* For non-map data structures, check whether operator== can be instantiated */
+template <typename T>
+struct is_comparable<
+    T, enable_if_t<container_traits<T>::is_element &&
+                   container_traits<T>::is_comparable>>
+    : std::true_type { };
+
+/* For a vector/map data structure, recursively check the value type (which is std::pair for maps) */
+template <typename T>
+struct is_comparable<T, enable_if_t<container_traits<T>::is_vector>> {
+    static constexpr const bool value =
+        is_comparable<typename T::value_type>::value;
+};
+
+/* For pairs, recursively check the two data types */
+template <typename T>
+struct is_comparable<T, enable_if_t<container_traits<T>::is_pair>> {
+    static constexpr const bool value =
+        is_comparable<typename T::first_type>::value &&
+        is_comparable<typename T::second_type>::value;
+};
+
+/* Fallback functions */
+template <typename, typename, typename... Args> void vector_if_copy_constructible(const Args &...) { }
+template <typename, typename, typename... Args> void vector_if_equal_operator(const Args &...) { }
+template <typename, typename, typename... Args> void vector_if_insertion_operator(const Args &...) { }
+template <typename, typename, typename... Args> void vector_modifiers(const Args &...) { }
+
+template<typename Vector, typename Class_>
+void vector_if_copy_constructible(enable_if_t<
+    std::is_copy_constructible<Vector>::value &&
+    std::is_copy_constructible<typename Vector::value_type>::value, Class_> &cl) {
+
+    cl.def(init<const Vector &>(), "Copy constructor");
+}
+
+template<typename Vector, typename Class_>
+void vector_if_equal_operator(enable_if_t<is_comparable<Vector>::value, Class_> &cl) {
+    using T = typename Vector::value_type;
+
+    cl.def(self == self);
+    cl.def(self != self);
+
+    cl.def("count",
+        [](const Vector &v, const T &x) {
+            return std::count(v.begin(), v.end(), x);
+        },
+        arg("x"),
+        "Return the number of times ``x`` appears in the list"
+    );
+
+    cl.def("remove", [](Vector &v, const T &x) {
+            auto p = std::find(v.begin(), v.end(), x);
+            if (p != v.end())
+                v.erase(p);
+            else
+                throw value_error();
+        },
+        arg("x"),
+        "Remove the first item from the list whose value is x. "
+        "It is an error if there is no such item."
+    );
+
+    cl.def("__contains__",
+        [](const Vector &v, const T &x) {
+            return std::find(v.begin(), v.end(), x) != v.end();
+        },
+        arg("x"),
+        "Return true the container contains ``x``"
+    );
+}
+
+// Vector modifiers -- requires a copyable vector_type:
+// (Technically, some of these (pop and __delitem__) don't actually require copyability, but it seems
+// silly to allow deletion but not insertion, so include them here too.)
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_>
+void vector_modifiers(enable_if_t<std::is_copy_constructible<typename Vector::value_type>::value, Class_> &cl) {
+    using T = typename Vector::value_type;
+    using SizeType = typename Vector::size_type;
+    using DiffType = typename Vector::difference_type;
+
+    cl.def("append",
+           [](Vector &v, const T &value) { v.push_back(value); },
+           arg("x"),
+           "Add an item to the end of the list");
+
+    cl.def("__init__", [](Vector &v, iterable it) {
+        new (&v) Vector();
+        try {
+            v.reserve(len(it));
+            for (handle h : it)
+               v.push_back(h.cast<T>());
+        } catch (...) {
+            v.~Vector();
+            throw;
+        }
+    });
+
+    cl.def("extend",
+       [](Vector &v, const Vector &src) {
+           v.insert(v.end(), src.begin(), src.end());
+       },
+       arg("L"),
+       "Extend the list by appending all the items in the given list"
+    );
+
+    cl.def("insert",
+        [](Vector &v, SizeType i, const T &x) {
+            if (i > v.size())
+                throw index_error();
+            v.insert(v.begin() + (DiffType) i, x);
+        },
+        arg("i") , arg("x"),
+        "Insert an item at a given position."
+    );
+
+    cl.def("pop",
+        [](Vector &v) {
+            if (v.empty())
+                throw index_error();
+            T t = v.back();
+            v.pop_back();
+            return t;
+        },
+        "Remove and return the last item"
+    );
+
+    cl.def("pop",
+        [](Vector &v, SizeType i) {
+            if (i >= v.size())
+                throw index_error();
+            T t = v[i];
+            v.erase(v.begin() + (DiffType) i);
+            return t;
+        },
+        arg("i"),
+        "Remove and return the item at index ``i``"
+    );
+
+    cl.def("__setitem__",
+        [](Vector &v, SizeType i, const T &t) {
+            if (i >= v.size())
+                throw index_error();
+            v[i] = t;
+        }
+    );
+
+    /// Slicing protocol
+    cl.def("__getitem__",
+        [](const Vector &v, slice slice) -> Vector * {
+            size_t start, stop, step, slicelength;
+
+            if (!slice.compute(v.size(), &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength))
+                throw error_already_set();
+
+            Vector *seq = new Vector();
+            seq->reserve((size_t) slicelength);
+
+            for (size_t i=0; i<slicelength; ++i) {
+                seq->push_back(v[start]);
+                start += step;
+            }
+            return seq;
+        },
+        arg("s"),
+        "Retrieve list elements using a slice object"
+    );
+
+    cl.def("__setitem__",
+        [](Vector &v, slice slice,  const Vector &value) {
+            size_t start, stop, step, slicelength;
+            if (!slice.compute(v.size(), &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength))
+                throw error_already_set();
+
+            if (slicelength != value.size())
+                throw std::runtime_error("Left and right hand size of slice assignment have different sizes!");
+
+            for (size_t i=0; i<slicelength; ++i) {
+                v[start] = value[i];
+                start += step;
+            }
+        },
+        "Assign list elements using a slice object"
+    );
+
+    cl.def("__delitem__",
+        [](Vector &v, SizeType i) {
+            if (i >= v.size())
+                throw index_error();
+            v.erase(v.begin() + DiffType(i));
+        },
+        "Delete the list elements at index ``i``"
+    );
+
+    cl.def("__delitem__",
+        [](Vector &v, slice slice) {
+            size_t start, stop, step, slicelength;
+
+            if (!slice.compute(v.size(), &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength))
+                throw error_already_set();
+
+            if (step == 1 && false) {
+                v.erase(v.begin() + (DiffType) start, v.begin() + DiffType(start + slicelength));
+            } else {
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < slicelength; ++i) {
+                    v.erase(v.begin() + DiffType(start));
+                    start += step - 1;
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "Delete list elements using a slice object"
+    );
+
+}
+
+// If the type has an operator[] that doesn't return a reference (most notably std::vector<bool>),
+// we have to access by copying; otherwise we return by reference.
+template <typename Vector> using vector_needs_copy = negation<
+    std::is_same<decltype(std::declval<Vector>()[typename Vector::size_type()]), typename Vector::value_type &>>;
+
+// The usual case: access and iterate by reference
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_>
+void vector_accessor(enable_if_t<!vector_needs_copy<Vector>::value, Class_> &cl) {
+    using T = typename Vector::value_type;
+    using SizeType = typename Vector::size_type;
+    using ItType   = typename Vector::iterator;
+
+    cl.def("__getitem__",
+        [](Vector &v, SizeType i) -> T & {
+            if (i >= v.size())
+                throw index_error();
+            return v[i];
+        },
+        return_value_policy::reference_internal // ref + keepalive
+    );
+
+    cl.def("__iter__",
+           [](Vector &v) {
+               return make_iterator<
+                   return_value_policy::reference_internal, ItType, ItType, T&>(
+                   v.begin(), v.end());
+           },
+           keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep list alive while iterator exists */
+    );
+}
+
+// The case for special objects, like std::vector<bool>, that have to be returned-by-copy:
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_>
+void vector_accessor(enable_if_t<vector_needs_copy<Vector>::value, Class_> &cl) {
+    using T = typename Vector::value_type;
+    using SizeType = typename Vector::size_type;
+    using ItType   = typename Vector::iterator;
+    cl.def("__getitem__",
+        [](const Vector &v, SizeType i) -> T {
+            if (i >= v.size())
+                throw index_error();
+            return v[i];
+        }
+    );
+
+    cl.def("__iter__",
+           [](Vector &v) {
+               return make_iterator<
+                   return_value_policy::copy, ItType, ItType, T>(
+                   v.begin(), v.end());
+           },
+           keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep list alive while iterator exists */
+    );
+}
+
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_> auto vector_if_insertion_operator(Class_ &cl, std::string const &name)
+    -> decltype(std::declval<std::ostream&>() << std::declval<typename Vector::value_type>(), void()) {
+    using size_type = typename Vector::size_type;
+
+    cl.def("__repr__",
+           [name](Vector &v) {
+            std::ostringstream s;
+            s << name << '[';
+            for (size_type i=0; i < v.size(); ++i) {
+                s << v[i];
+                if (i != v.size() - 1)
+                    s << ", ";
+            }
+            s << ']';
+            return s.str();
+        },
+        "Return the canonical string representation of this list."
+    );
+}
+
+// Provide the buffer interface for vectors if we have data() and we have a format for it
+// GCC seems to have "void std::vector<bool>::data()" - doing SFINAE on the existence of data() is insufficient, we need to check it returns an appropriate pointer
+template <typename Vector, typename = void>
+struct vector_has_data_and_format : std::false_type {};
+template <typename Vector>
+struct vector_has_data_and_format<Vector, enable_if_t<std::is_same<decltype(format_descriptor<typename Vector::value_type>::format(), std::declval<Vector>().data()), typename Vector::value_type*>::value>> : std::true_type {};
+
+// Add the buffer interface to a vector
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_, typename... Args>
+enable_if_t<detail::any_of<std::is_same<Args, buffer_protocol>...>::value>
+vector_buffer(Class_& cl) {
+    using T = typename Vector::value_type;
+
+    static_assert(vector_has_data_and_format<Vector>::value, "There is not an appropriate format descriptor for this vector");
+
+    // numpy.h declares this for arbitrary types, but it may raise an exception and crash hard at runtime if PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE hasn't been called, so check here
+    format_descriptor<T>::format();
+
+    cl.def_buffer([](Vector& v) -> buffer_info {
+        return buffer_info(v.data(), static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(T)), format_descriptor<T>::format(), 1, {v.size()}, {sizeof(T)});
+    });
+
+    cl.def("__init__", [](Vector& vec, buffer buf) {
+        auto info = buf.request();
+        if (info.ndim != 1 || info.strides[0] % static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(T)))
+            throw type_error("Only valid 1D buffers can be copied to a vector");
+        if (!detail::compare_buffer_info<T>::compare(info) || (ssize_t) sizeof(T) != info.itemsize)
+            throw type_error("Format mismatch (Python: " + info.format + " C++: " + format_descriptor<T>::format() + ")");
+        new (&vec) Vector();
+        vec.reserve((size_t) info.shape[0]);
+        T *p = static_cast<T*>(info.ptr);
+        ssize_t step = info.strides[0] / static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(T));
+        T *end = p + info.shape[0] * step;
+        for (; p != end; p += step)
+            vec.push_back(*p);
+    });
+
+    return;
+}
+
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_, typename... Args>
+enable_if_t<!detail::any_of<std::is_same<Args, buffer_protocol>...>::value> vector_buffer(Class_&) {}
+
+NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+//
+// std::vector
+//
+template <typename Vector, typename holder_type = std::unique_ptr<Vector>, typename... Args>
+class_<Vector, holder_type> bind_vector(module &m, std::string const &name, Args&&... args) {
+    using Class_ = class_<Vector, holder_type>;
+
+    Class_ cl(m, name.c_str(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+
+    // Declare the buffer interface if a buffer_protocol() is passed in
+    detail::vector_buffer<Vector, Class_, Args...>(cl);
+
+    cl.def(init<>());
+
+    // Register copy constructor (if possible)
+    detail::vector_if_copy_constructible<Vector, Class_>(cl);
+
+    // Register comparison-related operators and functions (if possible)
+    detail::vector_if_equal_operator<Vector, Class_>(cl);
+
+    // Register stream insertion operator (if possible)
+    detail::vector_if_insertion_operator<Vector, Class_>(cl, name);
+
+    // Modifiers require copyable vector value type
+    detail::vector_modifiers<Vector, Class_>(cl);
+
+    // Accessor and iterator; return by value if copyable, otherwise we return by ref + keep-alive
+    detail::vector_accessor<Vector, Class_>(cl);
+
+    cl.def("__bool__",
+        [](const Vector &v) -> bool {
+            return !v.empty();
+        },
+        "Check whether the list is nonempty"
+    );
+
+    cl.def("__len__", &Vector::size);
+
+
+
+
+#if 0
+    // C++ style functions deprecated, leaving it here as an example
+    cl.def(init<size_type>());
+
+    cl.def("resize",
+         (void (Vector::*) (size_type count)) & Vector::resize,
+         "changes the number of elements stored");
+
+    cl.def("erase",
+        [](Vector &v, SizeType i) {
+        if (i >= v.size())
+            throw index_error();
+        v.erase(v.begin() + i);
+    }, "erases element at index ``i``");
+
+    cl.def("empty",         &Vector::empty,         "checks whether the container is empty");
+    cl.def("size",          &Vector::size,          "returns the number of elements");
+    cl.def("push_back", (void (Vector::*)(const T&)) &Vector::push_back, "adds an element to the end");
+    cl.def("pop_back",                               &Vector::pop_back, "removes the last element");
+
+    cl.def("max_size",      &Vector::max_size,      "returns the maximum possible number of elements");
+    cl.def("reserve",       &Vector::reserve,       "reserves storage");
+    cl.def("capacity",      &Vector::capacity,      "returns the number of elements that can be held in currently allocated storage");
+    cl.def("shrink_to_fit", &Vector::shrink_to_fit, "reduces memory usage by freeing unused memory");
+
+    cl.def("clear", &Vector::clear, "clears the contents");
+    cl.def("swap",   &Vector::swap, "swaps the contents");
+
+    cl.def("front", [](Vector &v) {
+        if (v.size()) return v.front();
+        else throw index_error();
+    }, "access the first element");
+
+    cl.def("back", [](Vector &v) {
+        if (v.size()) return v.back();
+        else throw index_error();
+    }, "access the last element ");
+
+#endif
+
+    return cl;
+}
+
+
+
+//
+// std::map, std::unordered_map
+//
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+/* Fallback functions */
+template <typename, typename, typename... Args> void map_if_insertion_operator(const Args &...) { }
+template <typename, typename, typename... Args> void map_assignment(const Args &...) { }
+
+// Map assignment when copy-assignable: just copy the value
+template <typename Map, typename Class_>
+void map_assignment(enable_if_t<std::is_copy_assignable<typename Map::mapped_type>::value, Class_> &cl) {
+    using KeyType = typename Map::key_type;
+    using MappedType = typename Map::mapped_type;
+
+    cl.def("__setitem__",
+           [](Map &m, const KeyType &k, const MappedType &v) {
+               auto it = m.find(k);
+               if (it != m.end()) it->second = v;
+               else m.emplace(k, v);
+           }
+    );
+}
+
+// Not copy-assignable, but still copy-constructible: we can update the value by erasing and reinserting
+template<typename Map, typename Class_>
+void map_assignment(enable_if_t<
+        !std::is_copy_assignable<typename Map::mapped_type>::value &&
+        std::is_copy_constructible<typename Map::mapped_type>::value,
+        Class_> &cl) {
+    using KeyType = typename Map::key_type;
+    using MappedType = typename Map::mapped_type;
+
+    cl.def("__setitem__",
+           [](Map &m, const KeyType &k, const MappedType &v) {
+               // We can't use m[k] = v; because value type might not be default constructable
+               auto r = m.emplace(k, v);
+               if (!r.second) {
+                   // value type is not copy assignable so the only way to insert it is to erase it first...
+                   m.erase(r.first);
+                   m.emplace(k, v);
+               }
+           }
+    );
+}
+
+
+template <typename Map, typename Class_> auto map_if_insertion_operator(Class_ &cl, std::string const &name)
+-> decltype(std::declval<std::ostream&>() << std::declval<typename Map::key_type>() << std::declval<typename Map::mapped_type>(), void()) {
+
+    cl.def("__repr__",
+           [name](Map &m) {
+            std::ostringstream s;
+            s << name << '{';
+            bool f = false;
+            for (auto const &kv : m) {
+                if (f)
+                    s << ", ";
+                s << kv.first << ": " << kv.second;
+                f = true;
+            }
+            s << '}';
+            return s.str();
+        },
+        "Return the canonical string representation of this map."
+    );
+}
+
+
+NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+template <typename Map, typename holder_type = std::unique_ptr<Map>, typename... Args>
+class_<Map, holder_type> bind_map(module &m, const std::string &name, Args&&... args) {
+    using KeyType = typename Map::key_type;
+    using MappedType = typename Map::mapped_type;
+    using Class_ = class_<Map, holder_type>;
+
+    Class_ cl(m, name.c_str(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+
+    cl.def(init<>());
+
+    // Register stream insertion operator (if possible)
+    detail::map_if_insertion_operator<Map, Class_>(cl, name);
+
+    cl.def("__bool__",
+        [](const Map &m) -> bool { return !m.empty(); },
+        "Check whether the map is nonempty"
+    );
+
+    cl.def("__iter__",
+           [](Map &m) { return make_key_iterator(m.begin(), m.end()); },
+           keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep list alive while iterator exists */
+    );
+
+    cl.def("items",
+           [](Map &m) { return make_iterator(m.begin(), m.end()); },
+           keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep list alive while iterator exists */
+    );
+
+    cl.def("__getitem__",
+        [](Map &m, const KeyType &k) -> MappedType & {
+            auto it = m.find(k);
+            if (it == m.end())
+              throw key_error();
+           return it->second;
+        },
+        return_value_policy::reference_internal // ref + keepalive
+    );
+
+    // Assignment provided only if the type is copyable
+    detail::map_assignment<Map, Class_>(cl);
+
+    cl.def("__delitem__",
+           [](Map &m, const KeyType &k) {
+               auto it = m.find(k);
+               if (it == m.end())
+                   throw key_error();
+               return m.erase(it);
+           }
+    );
+
+    cl.def("__len__", &Map::size);
+
+    return cl;
+}
+
+NAMESPACE_END(pybind11)

third-party/pybind11/include/pybind11/typeid.h

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/typeid.h: Compiler-independent access to type identifiers
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+#if defined(__GNUG__)
+#include <cxxabi.h>
+#endif
+
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(pybind11)
+NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+/// Erase all occurrences of a substring
+inline void erase_all(std::string &string, const std::string &search) {
+    for (size_t pos = 0;;) {
+        pos = string.find(search, pos);
+        if (pos == std::string::npos) break;
+        string.erase(pos, search.length());
+    }
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE inline void clean_type_id(std::string &name) {
+#if defined(__GNUG__)
+    int status = 0;
+    std::unique_ptr<char, void (*)(void *)> res {
+        abi::__cxa_demangle(name.c_str(), nullptr, nullptr, &status), std::free };
+    if (status == 0)
+        name = res.get();
+#else
+    detail::erase_all(name, "class ");
+    detail::erase_all(name, "struct ");
+    detail::erase_all(name, "enum ");
+#endif
+    detail::erase_all(name, "pybind11::");
+}
+NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+/// Return a string representation of a C++ type
+template <typename T> static std::string type_id() {
+    std::string name(typeid(T).name());
+    detail::clean_type_id(name);
+    return name;
+}
+
+NAMESPACE_END(pybind11)

third-party/pybind11/pybind11/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from ._version import version_info, __version__  # noqa: F401 imported but unused
+
+
+def get_include(*args, **kwargs):
+    import os
+    try:
+        from pip import locations
+        return os.path.dirname(
+            locations.distutils_scheme('pybind11', *args, **kwargs)['headers'])
+    except ImportError:
+        return 'include'

third-party/pybind11/pybind11/__main__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+import argparse
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+
+from . import get_include
+
+
+def print_includes():
+    dirs = [sysconfig.get_path('include')]
+    if sysconfig.get_path('platinclude') not in dirs:
+        dirs.append(sysconfig.get_path('platinclude'))
+    if get_include() not in dirs:
+        dirs.append(get_include())
+    print(' '.join('-I' + d for d in dirs))
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='python -m pybind11')
+    parser.add_argument('--includes', action='store_true',
+                        help='Include flags for both pybind11 and Python headers.')
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    if not sys.argv[1:]:
+        parser.print_help()
+    if args.includes:
+        print_includes()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

third-party/pybind11/pybind11/_version.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+version_info = (2, 2, 'dev0')
+__version__ = '.'.join(map(str, version_info))

third-party/pybind11/setup.cfg

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[bdist_wheel]
+universal=1
+
+[flake8]
+max-line-length = 99
+show_source = True
+exclude = .git, __pycache__, build, dist, docs, tools, venv
+ignore =
+    # required for pretty matrix formating: multiple spaces after `,` and `[`
+    E201, E241

third-party/pybind11/setup.py

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+# Setup script for PyPI; use CMakeFile.txt to build extension modules
+
+from setuptools import setup
+from pybind11 import __version__
+import os
+
+# Prevent installation of pybind11 headers by setting
+# PYBIND11_USE_CMAKE.
+if os.environ.get('PYBIND11_USE_CMAKE'):
+    headers = []
+else:
+    headers = [
+        'include/pybind11/attr.h',
+        'include/pybind11/buffer_info.h',
+        'include/pybind11/cast.h',
+        'include/pybind11/chrono.h',
+        'include/pybind11/class_support.h',
+        'include/pybind11/common.h',
+        'include/pybind11/complex.h',
+        'include/pybind11/descr.h',
+        'include/pybind11/eigen.h',
+        'include/pybind11/embed.h',
+        'include/pybind11/eval.h',
+        'include/pybind11/functional.h',
+        'include/pybind11/numpy.h',
+        'include/pybind11/operators.h',
+        'include/pybind11/options.h',
+        'include/pybind11/pybind11.h',
+        'include/pybind11/pytypes.h',
+        'include/pybind11/stl.h',
+        'include/pybind11/stl_bind.h',
+        'include/pybind11/typeid.h'
+    ]
+
+setup(
+    name='pybind11',
+    version=__version__,
+    description='Seamless operability between C++11 and Python',
+    author='Wenzel Jakob',
+    author_email='wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch',
+    url='https://github.com/wjakob/pybind11',
+    download_url='https://github.com/wjakob/pybind11/tarball/v' + __version__,
+    packages=['pybind11'],
+    license='BSD',
+    headers=headers,
+    classifiers=[
+        'Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable',
+        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
+        'Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules',
+        'Topic :: Utilities',
+        'Programming Language :: C++',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.2',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
+        'License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License'
+    ],
+    keywords='C++11, Python bindings',
+    long_description="""pybind11 is a lightweight header-only library that
+exposes C++ types in Python and vice versa, mainly to create Python bindings of
+existing C++ code. Its goals and syntax are similar to the excellent
+Boost.Python by David Abrahams: to minimize boilerplate code in traditional
+extension modules by inferring type information using compile-time
+introspection.
+
+The main issue with Boost.Python-and the reason for creating such a similar
+project-is Boost. Boost is an enormously large and complex suite of utility
+libraries that works with almost every C++ compiler in existence. This
+compatibility has its cost: arcane template tricks and workarounds are
+necessary to support the oldest and buggiest of compiler specimens. Now that
+C++11-compatible compilers are widely available, this heavy machinery has
+become an excessively large and unnecessary dependency.
+
+Think of this library as a tiny self-contained version of Boost.Python with
+everything stripped away that isn't relevant for binding generation. Without
+comments, the core header files only require ~4K lines of code and depend on
+Python (2.7 or 3.x, or PyPy2.7 >= 5.7) and the C++ standard library. This
+compact implementation was possible thanks to some of the new C++11 language
+features (specifically: tuples, lambda functions and variadic templates). Since
+its creation, this library has grown beyond Boost.Python in many ways, leading
+to dramatically simpler binding code in many common situations.""")

third-party/pybind11/tools/FindCatch.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# - Find the Catch test framework or download it (single header)
+#
+# This is a quick module for internal use. It assumes that Catch is
+# REQUIRED and that a minimum version is provided (not EXACT). If
+# a suitable version isn't found locally, the single header file
+# will be downloaded and placed in the build dir: PROJECT_BINARY_DIR.
+#
+# This code sets the following variables:
+#  CATCH_INCLUDE_DIR      - path to catch.hpp
+#  CATCH_VERSION          - version number
+
+if(NOT Catch_FIND_VERSION)
+  message(FATAL_ERROR "A version number must be specified.")
+elseif(Catch_FIND_REQUIRED)
+  message(FATAL_ERROR "This module assumes Catch is not required.")
+elseif(Catch_FIND_VERSION_EXACT)
+  message(FATAL_ERROR "Exact version numbers are not supported, only minimum.")
+endif()
+
+# Extract the version number from catch.hpp
+function(_get_catch_version)
+  file(STRINGS "${CATCH_INCLUDE_DIR}/catch.hpp" version_line REGEX "Catch v.*" LIMIT_COUNT 1)
+  if(version_line MATCHES "Catch v([0-9]+)\\.([0-9]+)\\.([0-9]+)")
+    set(CATCH_VERSION "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}.${CMAKE_MATCH_2}.${CMAKE_MATCH_3}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+  endif()
+endfunction()
+
+# Download the single-header version of Catch
+function(_download_catch version destination_dir)
+  message(STATUS "Downloading catch v${version}...")
+  set(url https://github.com/philsquared/Catch/releases/download/v${version}/catch.hpp)
+  file(DOWNLOAD ${url} "${destination_dir}/catch.hpp" STATUS status)
+  list(GET status 0 error)
+  if(error)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Could not download ${url}")
+  endif()
+  set(CATCH_INCLUDE_DIR "${destination_dir}" CACHE INTERNAL "")
+endfunction()
+
+# Look for catch locally
+find_path(CATCH_INCLUDE_DIR NAMES catch.hpp PATH_SUFFIXES catch)
+if(CATCH_INCLUDE_DIR)
+  _get_catch_version()
+endif()
+
+# Download the header if it wasn't found or if it's outdated
+if(NOT CATCH_VERSION OR CATCH_VERSION VERSION_LESS ${Catch_FIND_VERSION})
+  if(DOWNLOAD_CATCH)
+    _download_catch(${Catch_FIND_VERSION} "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/catch/")
+    _get_catch_version()
+  else()
+    set(CATCH_FOUND FALSE)
+    return()
+  endif()
+endif()
+
+set(CATCH_FOUND TRUE)

third-party/pybind11/tools/FindEigen3.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+# - Try to find Eigen3 lib
+#
+# This module supports requiring a minimum version, e.g. you can do
+#   find_package(Eigen3 3.1.2)
+# to require version 3.1.2 or newer of Eigen3.
+#
+# Once done this will define
+#
+#  EIGEN3_FOUND - system has eigen lib with correct version
+#  EIGEN3_INCLUDE_DIR - the eigen include directory
+#  EIGEN3_VERSION - eigen version
+
+# Copyright (c) 2006, 2007 Montel Laurent, <montel@kde.org>
+# Copyright (c) 2008, 2009 Gael Guennebaud, <g.gael@free.fr>
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Benoit Jacob <jacob.benoit.1@gmail.com>
+# Redistribution and use is allowed according to the terms of the 2-clause BSD license.
+
+if(NOT Eigen3_FIND_VERSION)
+  if(NOT Eigen3_FIND_VERSION_MAJOR)
+    set(Eigen3_FIND_VERSION_MAJOR 2)
+  endif(NOT Eigen3_FIND_VERSION_MAJOR)
+  if(NOT Eigen3_FIND_VERSION_MINOR)
+    set(Eigen3_FIND_VERSION_MINOR 91)
+  endif(NOT Eigen3_FIND_VERSION_MINOR)
+  if(NOT Eigen3_FIND_VERSION_PATCH)
+    set(Eigen3_FIND_VERSION_PATCH 0)
+  endif(NOT Eigen3_FIND_VERSION_PATCH)
+
+  set(Eigen3_FIND_VERSION "${Eigen3_FIND_VERSION_MAJOR}.${Eigen3_FIND_VERSION_MINOR}.${Eigen3_FIND_VERSION_PATCH}")
+endif(NOT Eigen3_FIND_VERSION)
+
+macro(_eigen3_check_version)
+  file(READ "${EIGEN3_INCLUDE_DIR}/Eigen/src/Core/util/Macros.h" _eigen3_version_header)
+
+  string(REGEX MATCH "define[ \t]+EIGEN_WORLD_VERSION[ \t]+([0-9]+)" _eigen3_world_version_match "${_eigen3_version_header}")
+  set(EIGEN3_WORLD_VERSION "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}")
+  string(REGEX MATCH "define[ \t]+EIGEN_MAJOR_VERSION[ \t]+([0-9]+)" _eigen3_major_version_match "${_eigen3_version_header}")
+  set(EIGEN3_MAJOR_VERSION "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}")
+  string(REGEX MATCH "define[ \t]+EIGEN_MINOR_VERSION[ \t]+([0-9]+)" _eigen3_minor_version_match "${_eigen3_version_header}")
+  set(EIGEN3_MINOR_VERSION "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}")
+
+  set(EIGEN3_VERSION ${EIGEN3_WORLD_VERSION}.${EIGEN3_MAJOR_VERSION}.${EIGEN3_MINOR_VERSION})
+  if(${EIGEN3_VERSION} VERSION_LESS ${Eigen3_FIND_VERSION})
+    set(EIGEN3_VERSION_OK FALSE)
+  else(${EIGEN3_VERSION} VERSION_LESS ${Eigen3_FIND_VERSION})
+    set(EIGEN3_VERSION_OK TRUE)
+  endif(${EIGEN3_VERSION} VERSION_LESS ${Eigen3_FIND_VERSION})
+
+  if(NOT EIGEN3_VERSION_OK)
+
+    message(STATUS "Eigen3 version ${EIGEN3_VERSION} found in ${EIGEN3_INCLUDE_DIR}, "
+                   "but at least version ${Eigen3_FIND_VERSION} is required")
+  endif(NOT EIGEN3_VERSION_OK)
+endmacro(_eigen3_check_version)
+
+if (EIGEN3_INCLUDE_DIR)
+
+  # in cache already
+  _eigen3_check_version()
+  set(EIGEN3_FOUND ${EIGEN3_VERSION_OK})
+
+else (EIGEN3_INCLUDE_DIR)
+
+  find_path(EIGEN3_INCLUDE_DIR NAMES signature_of_eigen3_matrix_library
+      PATHS
+      ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/include
+      ${KDE4_INCLUDE_DIR}
+      PATH_SUFFIXES eigen3 eigen
+    )
+
+  if(EIGEN3_INCLUDE_DIR)
+    _eigen3_check_version()
+  endif(EIGEN3_INCLUDE_DIR)
+
+  include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
+  find_package_handle_standard_args(Eigen3 DEFAULT_MSG EIGEN3_INCLUDE_DIR EIGEN3_VERSION_OK)
+
+  mark_as_advanced(EIGEN3_INCLUDE_DIR)
+
+endif(EIGEN3_INCLUDE_DIR)
+

third-party/pybind11/tools/FindPythonLibsNew.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+# - Find python libraries
+# This module finds the libraries corresponding to the Python interpeter
+# FindPythonInterp provides.
+# This code sets the following variables:
+#
+#  PYTHONLIBS_FOUND           - have the Python libs been found
+#  PYTHON_PREFIX              - path to the Python installation
+#  PYTHON_LIBRARIES           - path to the python library
+#  PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS        - path to where Python.h is found
+#  PYTHON_MODULE_EXTENSION    - lib extension, e.g. '.so' or '.pyd'
+#  PYTHON_MODULE_PREFIX       - lib name prefix: usually an empty string
+#  PYTHON_SITE_PACKAGES       - path to installation site-packages
+#  PYTHON_IS_DEBUG            - whether the Python interpreter is a debug build
+#
+# Thanks to talljimbo for the patch adding the 'LDVERSION' config
+# variable usage.
+
+#=============================================================================
+# Copyright 2001-2009 Kitware, Inc.
+# Copyright 2012 Continuum Analytics, Inc.
+#
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+# are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# * Neither the names of Kitware, Inc., the Insight Software Consortium,
+# nor the names of their contributors may be used to endorse or promote
+# products derived from this software without specific prior written
+# permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# # A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#=============================================================================
+
+if(PYTHONLIBS_FOUND)
+    return()
+endif()
+
+# Use the Python interpreter to find the libs.
+if(PythonLibsNew_FIND_REQUIRED)
+    find_package(PythonInterp ${PythonLibsNew_FIND_VERSION} REQUIRED)
+else()
+    find_package(PythonInterp ${PythonLibsNew_FIND_VERSION})
+endif()
+
+if(NOT PYTHONINTERP_FOUND)
+    set(PYTHONLIBS_FOUND FALSE)
+    return()
+endif()
+
+# According to http://stackoverflow.com/questions/646518/python-how-to-detect-debug-interpreter
+# testing whether sys has the gettotalrefcount function is a reliable, cross-platform
+# way to detect a CPython debug interpreter.
+#
+# The library suffix is from the config var LDVERSION sometimes, otherwise
+# VERSION. VERSION will typically be like "2.7" on unix, and "27" on windows.
+execute_process(COMMAND "${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE}" "-c"
+    "from distutils import sysconfig as s;import sys;import struct;
+print('.'.join(str(v) for v in sys.version_info));
+print(sys.prefix);
+print(s.get_python_inc(plat_specific=True));
+print(s.get_python_lib(plat_specific=True));
+print(s.get_config_var('SO'));
+print(hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount')+0);
+print(struct.calcsize('@P'));
+print(s.get_config_var('LDVERSION') or s.get_config_var('VERSION'));
+print(s.get_config_var('LIBDIR') or '');
+print(s.get_config_var('MULTIARCH') or '');
+"
+    RESULT_VARIABLE _PYTHON_SUCCESS
+    OUTPUT_VARIABLE _PYTHON_VALUES
+    ERROR_VARIABLE _PYTHON_ERROR_VALUE)
+
+if(NOT _PYTHON_SUCCESS MATCHES 0)
+    if(PythonLibsNew_FIND_REQUIRED)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR
+            "Python config failure:\n${_PYTHON_ERROR_VALUE}")
+    endif()
+    set(PYTHONLIBS_FOUND FALSE)
+    return()
+endif()
+
+# Convert the process output into a list
+string(REGEX REPLACE ";" "\\\\;" _PYTHON_VALUES ${_PYTHON_VALUES})
+string(REGEX REPLACE "\n" ";" _PYTHON_VALUES ${_PYTHON_VALUES})
+list(GET _PYTHON_VALUES 0 _PYTHON_VERSION_LIST)
+list(GET _PYTHON_VALUES 1 PYTHON_PREFIX)
+list(GET _PYTHON_VALUES 2 PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR)
+list(GET _PYTHON_VALUES 3 PYTHON_SITE_PACKAGES)
+list(GET _PYTHON_VALUES 4 PYTHON_MODULE_EXTENSION)
+list(GET _PYTHON_VALUES 5 PYTHON_IS_DEBUG)
+list(GET _PYTHON_VALUES 6 PYTHON_SIZEOF_VOID_P)
+list(GET _PYTHON_VALUES 7 PYTHON_LIBRARY_SUFFIX)
+list(GET _PYTHON_VALUES 8 PYTHON_LIBDIR)
+list(GET _PYTHON_VALUES 9 PYTHON_MULTIARCH)
+
+# Make sure the Python has the same pointer-size as the chosen compiler
+# Skip if CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P is not defined
+if(CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P AND (NOT "${PYTHON_SIZEOF_VOID_P}" STREQUAL "${CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P}"))
+    if(PythonLibsNew_FIND_REQUIRED)
+        math(EXPR _PYTHON_BITS "${PYTHON_SIZEOF_VOID_P} * 8")
+        math(EXPR _CMAKE_BITS "${CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P} * 8")
+        message(FATAL_ERROR
+            "Python config failure: Python is ${_PYTHON_BITS}-bit, "
+            "chosen compiler is  ${_CMAKE_BITS}-bit")
+    endif()
+    set(PYTHONLIBS_FOUND FALSE)
+    return()
+endif()
+
+# The built-in FindPython didn't always give the version numbers
+string(REGEX REPLACE "\\." ";" _PYTHON_VERSION_LIST ${_PYTHON_VERSION_LIST})
+list(GET _PYTHON_VERSION_LIST 0 PYTHON_VERSION_MAJOR)
+list(GET _PYTHON_VERSION_LIST 1 PYTHON_VERSION_MINOR)
+list(GET _PYTHON_VERSION_LIST 2 PYTHON_VERSION_PATCH)
+
+# Make sure all directory separators are '/'
+string(REGEX REPLACE "\\\\" "/" PYTHON_PREFIX ${PYTHON_PREFIX})
+string(REGEX REPLACE "\\\\" "/" PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR ${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR})
+string(REGEX REPLACE "\\\\" "/" PYTHON_SITE_PACKAGES ${PYTHON_SITE_PACKAGES})
+
+if(CMAKE_HOST_WIN32)
+    set(PYTHON_LIBRARY
+        "${PYTHON_PREFIX}/libs/Python${PYTHON_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}.lib")
+
+    # when run in a venv, PYTHON_PREFIX points to it. But the libraries remain in the
+    # original python installation. They may be found relative to PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR.
+    if(NOT EXISTS "${PYTHON_LIBRARY}")
+        get_filename_component(_PYTHON_ROOT ${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR} DIRECTORY)
+        set(PYTHON_LIBRARY
+            "${_PYTHON_ROOT}/libs/Python${PYTHON_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}.lib")
+    endif()
+
+    # raise an error if the python libs are still not found.
+    if(NOT EXISTS "${PYTHON_LIBRARY}")
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Python libraries not found")
+    endif()
+
+else()
+    if(PYTHON_MULTIARCH)
+        set(_PYTHON_LIBS_SEARCH "${PYTHON_LIBDIR}/${PYTHON_MULTIARCH}" "${PYTHON_LIBDIR}")
+    else()
+        set(_PYTHON_LIBS_SEARCH "${PYTHON_LIBDIR}")
+    endif()
+    #message(STATUS "Searching for Python libs in ${_PYTHON_LIBS_SEARCH}")
+    # Probably this needs to be more involved. It would be nice if the config
+    # information the python interpreter itself gave us were more complete.
+    find_library(PYTHON_LIBRARY
+        NAMES "python${PYTHON_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}"
+        PATHS ${_PYTHON_LIBS_SEARCH}
+        NO_DEFAULT_PATH)
+
+    # If all else fails, just set the name/version and let the linker figure out the path.
+    if(NOT PYTHON_LIBRARY)
+        set(PYTHON_LIBRARY python${PYTHON_LIBRARY_SUFFIX})
+    endif()
+endif()
+
+MARK_AS_ADVANCED(
+  PYTHON_LIBRARY
+  PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR
+)
+
+# We use PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR, PYTHON_LIBRARY and PYTHON_DEBUG_LIBRARY for the
+# cache entries because they are meant to specify the location of a single
+# library. We now set the variables listed by the documentation for this
+# module.
+SET(PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS "${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR}")
+SET(PYTHON_LIBRARIES "${PYTHON_LIBRARY}")
+SET(PYTHON_DEBUG_LIBRARIES "${PYTHON_DEBUG_LIBRARY}")
+
+find_package_message(PYTHON
+    "Found PythonLibs: ${PYTHON_LIBRARY}"
+    "${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE}${PYTHON_VERSION}")
+
+set(PYTHONLIBS_FOUND TRUE)

third-party/pybind11/tools/check-style.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# 
+# Script to check include/test code for common pybind11 code style errors.
+# 
+# This script currently checks for
+#
+# 1. use of tabs instead of spaces
+# 2. MSDOS-style CRLF endings
+# 3. trailing spaces
+# 4. missing space between keyword and parenthesis, e.g.: for(, if(, while(
+# 5. Missing space between right parenthesis and brace, e.g. 'for (...){'
+# 6. opening brace on its own line. It should always be on the same line as the
+#    if/while/for/do statment.
+# 
+# Invoke as: tools/check-style.sh
+#
+
+errors=0
+IFS=$'\n'
+found=
+# The mt=41 sets a red background for matched tabs:
+GREP_COLORS='mt=41' GREP_COLOR='41' grep $'\t' include tests/*.{cpp,py,h} docs/*.rst -rn --color=always |
+        while read f; do
+    if [ -z "$found" ]; then
+        echo -e '\033[31m\033[01mError: found tabs instead of spaces in the following files:\033[0m'
+        found=1
+        errors=1
+    fi
+
+    echo "    $f"
+done
+
+found=
+grep -IUlr $'\r' include tests/*.{cpp,py,h} docs/*.rst --color=always |
+        while read f; do
+    if [ -z "$found" ]; then
+        echo -e '\033[31m\033[01mError: found CRLF characters in the following files:\033[0m'
+        found=1
+        errors=1
+    fi
+
+    echo "    $f"
+done
+
+found=
+# The mt=41 sets a red background for matched trailing spaces
+GREP_COLORS='mt=41' GREP_COLOR='41' grep '[[:blank:]]\+$' include tests/*.{cpp,py,h} docs/*.rst -rn --color=always |
+        while read f; do
+    if [ -z "$found" ]; then
+        echo -e '\033[31m\033[01mError: found trailing spaces in the following files:\033[0m'
+        found=1
+        errors=1
+    fi
+
+    echo "    $f"
+done
+
+found=
+grep '\<\(if\|for\|while\|catch\)(\|){' include tests/*.{cpp,py,h} -rn --color=always |
+        while read line; do
+    if [ -z "$found" ]; then
+        echo -e '\033[31m\033[01mError: found the following coding style problems:\033[0m'
+        found=1
+        errors=1
+    fi
+
+    echo "    $line"
+done
+
+found=
+GREP_COLORS='mt=41' GREP_COLOR='41' grep '^\s*{\s*$' include docs/*.rst -rn --color=always |
+        while read f; do
+    if [ -z "$found" ]; then
+        echo -e '\033[31m\033[01mError: braces should occur on the same line as the if/while/.. statement. Found issues in the following files: \033[0m'
+        found=1
+        errors=1
+    fi
+
+    echo "    $f"
+done
+
+exit $errors

third-party/pybind11/tools/libsize.py

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+from __future__ import print_function, division
+import os
+import sys
+
+# Internal build script for generating debugging test .so size.
+# Usage:
+#     python libsize.py file.so save.txt -- displays the size of file.so and, if save.txt exists, compares it to the
+#                                           size in it, then overwrites save.txt with the new size for future runs.
+
+if len(sys.argv) != 3:
+    sys.exit("Invalid arguments: usage: python libsize.py file.so save.txt")
+
+lib = sys.argv[1]
+save = sys.argv[2]
+
+if not os.path.exists(lib):
+    sys.exit("Error: requested file ({}) does not exist".format(lib))
+
+libsize = os.path.getsize(lib)
+
+print("------", os.path.basename(lib), "file size:", libsize, end='')
+
+if os.path.exists(save):
+    with open(save) as sf:
+        oldsize = int(sf.readline())
+
+    if oldsize > 0:
+        change = libsize - oldsize
+        if change == 0:
+            print(" (no change)")
+        else:
+            print(" (change of {:+} bytes = {:+.2%})".format(change, change / oldsize))
+else:
+    print()
+
+with open(save, 'w') as sf:
+    sf.write(str(libsize))
+

third-party/pybind11/tools/mkdoc.py

@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#
+#  Syntax: mkdoc.py [-I<path> ..] [.. a list of header files ..]
+#
+#  Extract documentation from C++ header files to use it in Python bindings
+#
+
+import os
+import sys
+import platform
+import re
+import textwrap
+
+from clang import cindex
+from clang.cindex import CursorKind
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from threading import Thread, Semaphore
+from multiprocessing import cpu_count
+
+RECURSE_LIST = [
+    CursorKind.TRANSLATION_UNIT,
+    CursorKind.NAMESPACE,
+    CursorKind.CLASS_DECL,
+    CursorKind.STRUCT_DECL,
+    CursorKind.ENUM_DECL,
+    CursorKind.CLASS_TEMPLATE
+]
+
+PRINT_LIST = [
+    CursorKind.CLASS_DECL,
+    CursorKind.STRUCT_DECL,
+    CursorKind.ENUM_DECL,
+    CursorKind.ENUM_CONSTANT_DECL,
+    CursorKind.CLASS_TEMPLATE,
+    CursorKind.FUNCTION_DECL,
+    CursorKind.FUNCTION_TEMPLATE,
+    CursorKind.CONVERSION_FUNCTION,
+    CursorKind.CXX_METHOD,
+    CursorKind.CONSTRUCTOR,
+    CursorKind.FIELD_DECL
+]
+
+CPP_OPERATORS = {
+    '<=': 'le', '>=': 'ge', '==': 'eq', '!=': 'ne', '[]': 'array',
+    '+=': 'iadd', '-=': 'isub', '*=': 'imul', '/=': 'idiv', '%=':
+    'imod', '&=': 'iand', '|=': 'ior', '^=': 'ixor', '<<=': 'ilshift',
+    '>>=': 'irshift', '++': 'inc', '--': 'dec', '<<': 'lshift', '>>':
+    'rshift', '&&': 'land', '||': 'lor', '!': 'lnot', '~': 'bnot',
+    '&': 'band', '|': 'bor', '+': 'add', '-': 'sub', '*': 'mul', '/':
+    'div', '%': 'mod', '<': 'lt', '>': 'gt', '=': 'assign', '()': 'call'
+}
+
+CPP_OPERATORS = OrderedDict(
+    sorted(CPP_OPERATORS.items(), key=lambda t: -len(t[0])))
+
+job_count = cpu_count()
+job_semaphore = Semaphore(job_count)
+
+output = []
+
+def d(s):
+    return s.decode('utf8')
+
+
+def sanitize_name(name):
+    name = re.sub(r'type-parameter-0-([0-9]+)', r'T\1', name)
+    for k, v in CPP_OPERATORS.items():
+        name = name.replace('operator%s' % k, 'operator_%s' % v)
+    name = re.sub('<.*>', '', name)
+    name = ''.join([ch if ch.isalnum() else '_' for ch in name])
+    name = re.sub('_$', '', re.sub('_+', '_', name))
+    return '__doc_' + name
+
+
+def process_comment(comment):
+    result = ''
+
+    # Remove C++ comment syntax
+    leading_spaces = float('inf')
+    for s in comment.expandtabs(tabsize=4).splitlines():
+        s = s.strip()
+        if s.startswith('/*'):
+            s = s[2:].lstrip('*')
+        elif s.endswith('*/'):
+            s = s[:-2].rstrip('*')
+        elif s.startswith('///'):
+            s = s[3:]
+        if s.startswith('*'):
+            s = s[1:]
+        if len(s) > 0:
+            leading_spaces = min(leading_spaces, len(s) - len(s.lstrip()))
+        result += s + '\n'
+
+    if leading_spaces != float('inf'):
+        result2 = ""
+        for s in result.splitlines():
+            result2 += s[leading_spaces:] + '\n'
+        result = result2
+
+    # Doxygen tags
+    cpp_group = '([\w:]+)'
+    param_group = '([\[\w:\]]+)'
+
+    s = result
+    s = re.sub(r'\\c\s+%s' % cpp_group, r'``\1``', s)
+    s = re.sub(r'\\a\s+%s' % cpp_group, r'*\1*', s)
+    s = re.sub(r'\\e\s+%s' % cpp_group, r'*\1*', s)
+    s = re.sub(r'\\em\s+%s' % cpp_group, r'*\1*', s)
+    s = re.sub(r'\\b\s+%s' % cpp_group, r'**\1**', s)
+    s = re.sub(r'\\ingroup\s+%s' % cpp_group, r'', s)
+    s = re.sub(r'\\param%s?\s+%s' % (param_group, cpp_group),
+               r'\n\n$Parameter ``\2``:\n\n', s)
+    s = re.sub(r'\\tparam%s?\s+%s' % (param_group, cpp_group),
+               r'\n\n$Template parameter ``\2``:\n\n', s)
+
+    for in_, out_ in {
+        'return': 'Returns',
+        'author': 'Author',
+        'authors': 'Authors',
+        'copyright': 'Copyright',
+        'date': 'Date',
+        'remark': 'Remark',
+        'sa': 'See also',
+        'see': 'See also',
+        'extends': 'Extends',
+        'throw': 'Throws',
+        'throws': 'Throws'
+    }.items():
+        s = re.sub(r'\\%s\s*' % in_, r'\n\n$%s:\n\n' % out_, s)
+
+    s = re.sub(r'\\details\s*', r'\n\n', s)
+    s = re.sub(r'\\brief\s*', r'', s)
+    s = re.sub(r'\\short\s*', r'', s)
+    s = re.sub(r'\\ref\s*', r'', s)
+
+    s = re.sub(r'\\code\s?(.*?)\s?\\endcode',
+               r"```\n\1\n```\n", s, flags=re.DOTALL)
+
+    # HTML/TeX tags
+    s = re.sub(r'<tt>(.*?)</tt>', r'``\1``', s, flags=re.DOTALL)
+    s = re.sub(r'<pre>(.*?)</pre>', r"```\n\1\n```\n", s, flags=re.DOTALL)
+    s = re.sub(r'<em>(.*?)</em>', r'*\1*', s, flags=re.DOTALL)
+    s = re.sub(r'<b>(.*?)</b>', r'**\1**', s, flags=re.DOTALL)
+    s = re.sub(r'\\f\$(.*?)\\f\$', r'$\1$', s, flags=re.DOTALL)
+    s = re.sub(r'<li>', r'\n\n* ', s)
+    s = re.sub(r'</?ul>', r'', s)
+    s = re.sub(r'</li>', r'\n\n', s)
+
+    s = s.replace('``true``', '``True``')
+    s = s.replace('``false``', '``False``')
+
+    # Re-flow text
+    wrapper = textwrap.TextWrapper()
+    wrapper.expand_tabs = True
+    wrapper.replace_whitespace = True
+    wrapper.drop_whitespace = True
+    wrapper.width = 70
+    wrapper.initial_indent = wrapper.subsequent_indent = ''
+
+    result = ''
+    in_code_segment = False
+    for x in re.split(r'(```)', s):
+        if x == '```':
+            if not in_code_segment:
+                result += '```\n'
+            else:
+                result += '\n```\n\n'
+            in_code_segment = not in_code_segment
+        elif in_code_segment:
+            result += x.strip()
+        else:
+            for y in re.split(r'(?: *\n *){2,}', x):
+                wrapped = wrapper.fill(re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', y).strip())
+                if len(wrapped) > 0 and wrapped[0] == '$':
+                    result += wrapped[1:] + '\n'
+                    wrapper.initial_indent = \
+                        wrapper.subsequent_indent = ' ' * 4
+                else:
+                    if len(wrapped) > 0:
+                        result += wrapped + '\n\n'
+                    wrapper.initial_indent = wrapper.subsequent_indent = ''
+    return result.rstrip().lstrip('\n')
+
+
+def extract(filename, node, prefix):
+    if not (node.location.file is None or
+            os.path.samefile(d(node.location.file.name), filename)):
+        return 0
+    if node.kind in RECURSE_LIST:
+        sub_prefix = prefix
+        if node.kind != CursorKind.TRANSLATION_UNIT:
+            if len(sub_prefix) > 0:
+                sub_prefix += '_'
+            sub_prefix += d(node.spelling)
+        for i in node.get_children():
+            extract(filename, i, sub_prefix)
+    if node.kind in PRINT_LIST:
+        comment = d(node.raw_comment) if node.raw_comment is not None else ''
+        comment = process_comment(comment)
+        sub_prefix = prefix
+        if len(sub_prefix) > 0:
+            sub_prefix += '_'
+        if len(node.spelling) > 0:
+            name = sanitize_name(sub_prefix + d(node.spelling))
+            global output
+            output.append((name, filename, comment))
+
+
+class ExtractionThread(Thread):
+    def __init__(self, filename, parameters):
+        Thread.__init__(self)
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.parameters = parameters
+        job_semaphore.acquire()
+
+    def run(self):
+        print('Processing "%s" ..' % self.filename, file=sys.stderr)
+        try:
+            index = cindex.Index(
+                cindex.conf.lib.clang_createIndex(False, True))
+            tu = index.parse(self.filename, self.parameters)
+            extract(self.filename, tu.cursor, '')
+        finally:
+            job_semaphore.release()
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    parameters = ['-x', 'c++', '-std=c++11']
+    filenames = []
+
+    if platform.system() == 'Darwin':
+        dev_path = '/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/'
+        lib_dir = dev_path + 'Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/'
+        sdk_dir = dev_path + 'Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs'
+        libclang = lib_dir + 'libclang.dylib'
+
+        if os.path.exists(libclang):
+            cindex.Config.set_library_path(os.path.dirname(libclang))
+
+        if os.path.exists(sdk_dir):
+            sysroot_dir = os.path.join(sdk_dir, next(os.walk(sdk_dir))[1][0])
+            parameters.append('-isysroot')
+            parameters.append(sysroot_dir)
+
+    for item in sys.argv[1:]:
+        if item.startswith('-'):
+            parameters.append(item)
+        else:
+            filenames.append(item)
+
+    if len(filenames) == 0:
+        print('Syntax: %s [.. a list of header files ..]' % sys.argv[0])
+        exit(-1)
+
+    print('''/*
+  This file contains docstrings for the Python bindings.
+  Do not edit! These were automatically extracted by mkdoc.py
+ */
+
+#define __EXPAND(x)                                      x
+#define __COUNT(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, COUNT, ...)  COUNT
+#define __VA_SIZE(...)                                   __EXPAND(__COUNT(__VA_ARGS__, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1))
+#define __CAT1(a, b)                                     a ## b
+#define __CAT2(a, b)                                     __CAT1(a, b)
+#define __DOC1(n1)                                       __doc_##n1
+#define __DOC2(n1, n2)                                   __doc_##n1##_##n2
+#define __DOC3(n1, n2, n3)                               __doc_##n1##_##n2##_##n3
+#define __DOC4(n1, n2, n3, n4)                           __doc_##n1##_##n2##_##n3##_##n4
+#define __DOC5(n1, n2, n3, n4, n5)                       __doc_##n1##_##n2##_##n3##_##n4##_##n5
+#define __DOC6(n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6)                   __doc_##n1##_##n2##_##n3##_##n4##_##n5##_##n6
+#define __DOC7(n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6, n7)               __doc_##n1##_##n2##_##n3##_##n4##_##n5##_##n6##_##n7
+#define DOC(...)                                         __EXPAND(__EXPAND(__CAT2(__DOC, __VA_SIZE(__VA_ARGS__)))(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#if defined(__GNUG__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#endif
+''')
+
+    output.clear()
+    for filename in filenames:
+        thr = ExtractionThread(filename, parameters)
+        thr.start()
+
+    print('Waiting for jobs to finish ..', file=sys.stderr)
+    for i in range(job_count):
+        job_semaphore.acquire()
+
+    name_ctr = 1
+    name_prev = None
+    for name, _, comment in list(sorted(output, key=lambda x: (x[0], x[1]))):
+        if name == name_prev:
+            name_ctr += 1
+            name = name + "_%i" % name_ctr
+        else:
+            name_prev = name
+            name_ctr = 1
+        print('\nstatic const char *%s =%sR"doc(%s)doc";' %
+              (name, '\n' if '\n' in comment else ' ', comment))
+
+    print('''
+#if defined(__GNUG__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+''')

third-party/pybind11/tools/pybind11Config.cmake.in

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+# pybind11Config.cmake
+# --------------------
+#
+# PYBIND11 cmake module.
+# This module sets the following variables in your project::
+#
+#   pybind11_FOUND - true if pybind11 and all required components found on the system
+#   pybind11_VERSION - pybind11 version in format Major.Minor.Release
+#   pybind11_INCLUDE_DIRS - Directories where pybind11 and python headers are located.
+#   pybind11_INCLUDE_DIR - Directory where pybind11 headers are located.
+#   pybind11_DEFINITIONS - Definitions necessary to use pybind11, namely USING_pybind11.
+#   pybind11_LIBRARIES - compile flags and python libraries (as needed) to link against.
+#   pybind11_LIBRARY - empty.
+#   CMAKE_MODULE_PATH - appends location of accompanying FindPythonLibsNew.cmake and
+#                       pybind11Tools.cmake modules.
+#
+#
+# Available components: None
+#
+#
+# Exported targets::
+#
+# If pybind11 is found, this module defines the following :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED`
+# interface library targets::
+#
+#   pybind11::module - for extension modules
+#   pybind11::embed - for embedding the Python interpreter
+#
+# Python headers, libraries (as needed by platform), and the C++ standard
+# are attached to the target. Set PythonLibsNew variables to influence
+# python detection and PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD (-std=c++11 or -std=c++14) to
+# influence standard setting. ::
+#
+#   find_package(pybind11 CONFIG REQUIRED)
+#   message(STATUS "Found pybind11 v${pybind11_VERSION}: ${pybind11_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
+#
+#   # Create an extension module
+#   add_library(mylib MODULE main.cpp)
+#   target_link_libraries(mylib pybind11::module)
+#
+#   # Or embed the Python interpreter into an executable
+#   add_executable(myexe main.cpp)
+#   target_link_libraries(myexe pybind11::embed)
+#
+# Suggested usage::
+#
+# find_package with version info is not recommended except for release versions. ::
+#
+#   find_package(pybind11 CONFIG)
+#   find_package(pybind11 2.0 EXACT CONFIG REQUIRED)
+#
+#
+# The following variables can be set to guide the search for this package::
+#
+#   pybind11_DIR - CMake variable, set to directory containing this Config file
+#   CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH - CMake variable, set to root directory of this package
+#   PATH - environment variable, set to bin directory of this package
+#   CMAKE_DISABLE_FIND_PACKAGE_pybind11 - CMake variable, disables
+#     find_package(pybind11) when not REQUIRED, perhaps to force internal build
+
+@PACKAGE_INIT@
+
+set(PN pybind11)
+
+# location of pybind11/pybind11.h
+set(${PN}_INCLUDE_DIR "${PACKAGE_PREFIX_DIR}/@CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR@")
+
+set(${PN}_LIBRARY "")
+set(${PN}_DEFINITIONS USING_${PN})
+
+check_required_components(${PN})
+
+# make detectable the FindPythonLibsNew.cmake module
+list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR})
+
+include(pybind11Tools)
+
+if(NOT (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.0))
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Don't include targets if this file is being picked up by another
+# project which has already built this as a subproject
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+if(NOT TARGET ${PN}::pybind11)
+    include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/${PN}Targets.cmake")
+
+    find_package(PythonLibsNew ${PYBIND11_PYTHON_VERSION} MODULE REQUIRED)
+    set_property(TARGET ${PN}::pybind11 APPEND PROPERTY INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+    set_property(TARGET ${PN}::embed APPEND PROPERTY INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES ${PYTHON_LIBRARIES})
+    if(WIN32 OR CYGWIN)
+      set_property(TARGET ${PN}::module APPEND PROPERTY INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES ${PYTHON_LIBRARIES})
+    endif()
+
+    set_property(TARGET ${PN}::pybind11 APPEND PROPERTY INTERFACE_COMPILE_OPTIONS "${PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD}")
+
+    get_property(_iid TARGET ${PN}::pybind11 PROPERTY INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
+    get_property(_ill TARGET ${PN}::module PROPERTY INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES)
+    set(${PN}_INCLUDE_DIRS ${_iid})
+    set(${PN}_LIBRARIES ${_ico} ${_ill})
+endif()
+endif()

third-party/pybind11/tools/pybind11Tools.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+# tools/pybind11Tools.cmake -- Build system for the pybind11 modules
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2015 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel@inf.ethz.ch>
+#
+# All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+# BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.12)
+
+# Add a CMake parameter for choosing a desired Python version
+if(NOT PYBIND11_PYTHON_VERSION)
+  set(PYBIND11_PYTHON_VERSION "" CACHE STRING "Python version to use for compiling modules")
+endif()
+
+set(Python_ADDITIONAL_VERSIONS 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4)
+find_package(PythonLibsNew ${PYBIND11_PYTHON_VERSION} REQUIRED)
+
+include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
+include(CMakeParseArguments)
+
+if(NOT PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD)
+  if(NOT MSVC)
+    check_cxx_compiler_flag("-std=c++14" HAS_CPP14_FLAG)
+
+    if (HAS_CPP14_FLAG)
+      set(PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD -std=c++14)
+    else()
+      check_cxx_compiler_flag("-std=c++11" HAS_CPP11_FLAG)
+      if (HAS_CPP11_FLAG)
+        set(PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD -std=c++11)
+      else()
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Unsupported compiler -- pybind11 requires C++11 support!")
+      endif()
+    endif()
+  elseif(MSVC)
+    set(PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD /std:c++14)
+  endif()
+
+  set(PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD ${PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD} CACHE STRING
+      "C++ standard flag, e.g. -std=c++11, -std=c++14, /std:c++14.  Defaults to C++14 mode." FORCE)
+endif()
+
+# Checks whether the given CXX/linker flags can compile and link a cxx file.  cxxflags and
+# linkerflags are lists of flags to use.  The result variable is a unique variable name for each set
+# of flags: the compilation result will be cached base on the result variable.  If the flags work,
+# sets them in cxxflags_out/linkerflags_out internal cache variables (in addition to ${result}).
+function(_pybind11_return_if_cxx_and_linker_flags_work result cxxflags linkerflags cxxflags_out linkerflags_out)
+  set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES ${linkerflags})
+  check_cxx_compiler_flag("${cxxflags}" ${result})
+  if (${result})
+    set(${cxxflags_out} "${cxxflags}" CACHE INTERNAL "" FORCE)
+    set(${linkerflags_out} "${linkerflags}" CACHE INTERNAL "" FORCE)
+  endif()
+endfunction()
+
+# Internal: find the appropriate link time optimization flags for this compiler
+function(_pybind11_add_lto_flags target_name prefer_thin_lto)
+  if (NOT DEFINED PYBIND11_LTO_CXX_FLAGS)
+    set(PYBIND11_LTO_CXX_FLAGS "" CACHE INTERNAL "")
+    set(PYBIND11_LTO_LINKER_FLAGS "" CACHE INTERNAL "")
+
+    if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU|Clang")
+      set(cxx_append "")
+      set(linker_append "")
+      if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang" AND NOT APPLE)
+        # Clang Gold plugin does not support -Os; append -O3 to MinSizeRel builds to override it
+        set(linker_append ";$<$<CONFIG:MinSizeRel>:-O3>")
+      elseif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU")
+        set(cxx_append ";-fno-fat-lto-objects")
+      endif()
+
+      if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang" AND prefer_thin_lto)
+        _pybind11_return_if_cxx_and_linker_flags_work(HAS_FLTO_THIN
+          "-flto=thin${cxx_append}" "-flto=thin${linker_append}"
+          PYBIND11_LTO_CXX_FLAGS PYBIND11_LTO_LINKER_FLAGS)
+      endif()
+
+      if (NOT HAS_FLTO_THIN)
+        _pybind11_return_if_cxx_and_linker_flags_work(HAS_FLTO
+          "-flto${cxx_append}" "-flto${linker_append}"
+          PYBIND11_LTO_CXX_FLAGS PYBIND11_LTO_LINKER_FLAGS)
+      endif()
+    elseif (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Intel")
+      # Intel equivalent to LTO is called IPO
+      _pybind11_return_if_cxx_and_linker_flags_work(HAS_INTEL_IPO
+      "-ipo" "-ipo" PYBIND11_LTO_CXX_FLAGS PYBIND11_LTO_LINKER_FLAGS)
+    elseif(MSVC)
+      # cmake only interprets libraries as linker flags when they start with a - (otherwise it
+      # converts /LTCG to \LTCG as if it was a Windows path).  Luckily MSVC supports passing flags
+      # with - instead of /, even if it is a bit non-standard:
+      _pybind11_return_if_cxx_and_linker_flags_work(HAS_MSVC_GL_LTCG
+        "/GL" "-LTCG" PYBIND11_LTO_CXX_FLAGS PYBIND11_LTO_LINKER_FLAGS)
+    endif()
+
+    if (PYBIND11_LTO_CXX_FLAGS)
+      message(STATUS "LTO enabled")
+    else()
+      message(STATUS "LTO disabled (not supported by the compiler and/or linker)")
+    endif()
+  endif()
+
+  # Enable LTO flags if found, except for Debug builds
+  if (PYBIND11_LTO_CXX_FLAGS)
+    target_compile_options(${target_name} PRIVATE "$<$<NOT:$<CONFIG:Debug>>:${PYBIND11_LTO_CXX_FLAGS}>")
+  endif()
+  if (PYBIND11_LTO_LINKER_FLAGS)
+    target_link_libraries(${target_name} PRIVATE "$<$<NOT:$<CONFIG:Debug>>:${PYBIND11_LTO_LINKER_FLAGS}>")
+  endif()
+endfunction()
+
+# Build a Python extension module:
+# pybind11_add_module(<name> [MODULE | SHARED] [EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL]
+#                     [NO_EXTRAS] [THIN_LTO] source1 [source2 ...])
+#
+function(pybind11_add_module target_name)
+  set(options MODULE SHARED EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL NO_EXTRAS THIN_LTO)
+  cmake_parse_arguments(ARG "${options}" "" "" ${ARGN})
+
+  if(ARG_MODULE AND ARG_SHARED)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Can't be both MODULE and SHARED")
+  elseif(ARG_SHARED)
+    set(lib_type SHARED)
+  else()
+    set(lib_type MODULE)
+  endif()
+
+  if(ARG_EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+    set(exclude_from_all EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+  endif()
+
+  add_library(${target_name} ${lib_type} ${exclude_from_all} ${ARG_UNPARSED_ARGUMENTS})
+
+  target_include_directories(${target_name}
+    PRIVATE ${PYBIND11_INCLUDE_DIR}  # from project CMakeLists.txt
+    PRIVATE ${pybind11_INCLUDE_DIR}  # from pybind11Config
+    PRIVATE ${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+
+  # The prefix and extension are provided by FindPythonLibsNew.cmake
+  set_target_properties(${target_name} PROPERTIES PREFIX "${PYTHON_MODULE_PREFIX}")
+  set_target_properties(${target_name} PROPERTIES SUFFIX "${PYTHON_MODULE_EXTENSION}")
+
+  if(WIN32 OR CYGWIN)
+    # Link against the Python shared library on Windows
+    target_link_libraries(${target_name} PRIVATE ${PYTHON_LIBRARIES})
+  elseif(APPLE)
+    # It's quite common to have multiple copies of the same Python version
+    # installed on one's system. E.g.: one copy from the OS and another copy
+    # that's statically linked into an application like Blender or Maya.
+    # If we link our plugin library against the OS Python here and import it
+    # into Blender or Maya later on, this will cause segfaults when multiple
+    # conflicting Python instances are active at the same time (even when they
+    # are of the same version).
+
+    # Windows is not affected by this issue since it handles DLL imports
+    # differently. The solution for Linux and Mac OS is simple: we just don't
+    # link against the Python library. The resulting shared library will have
+    # missing symbols, but that's perfectly fine -- they will be resolved at
+    # import time.
+
+    target_link_libraries(${target_name} PRIVATE "-undefined dynamic_lookup")
+
+    if(ARG_SHARED)
+      # Suppress CMake >= 3.0 warning for shared libraries
+      set_target_properties(${target_name} PROPERTIES MACOSX_RPATH ON)
+    endif()
+  endif()
+
+  # Make sure C++11/14 are enabled
+  target_compile_options(${target_name} PUBLIC ${PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD})
+
+  if(ARG_NO_EXTRAS)
+    return()
+  endif()
+
+  _pybind11_add_lto_flags(${target_name} ${ARG_THIN_LTO})
+
+  if (NOT MSVC AND NOT ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE} MATCHES Debug)
+    # Set the default symbol visibility to hidden (very important to obtain small binaries)
+    target_compile_options(${target_name} PRIVATE "-fvisibility=hidden")
+
+    # Strip unnecessary sections of the binary on Linux/Mac OS
+    if(CMAKE_STRIP)
+      if(APPLE)
+        add_custom_command(TARGET ${target_name} POST_BUILD
+                           COMMAND ${CMAKE_STRIP} -x $<TARGET_FILE:${target_name}>)
+      else()
+        add_custom_command(TARGET ${target_name} POST_BUILD
+                           COMMAND ${CMAKE_STRIP} $<TARGET_FILE:${target_name}>)
+      endif()
+    endif()
+  endif()
+
+  if(MSVC)
+    # /MP enables multithreaded builds (relevant when there are many files), /bigobj is
+    # needed for bigger binding projects due to the limit to 64k addressable sections
+    target_compile_options(${target_name} PRIVATE /MP /bigobj)
+  endif()
+endfunction()

xlntpyarrow/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.2)
 project(xlntpyarrow)
 
-if(NOT MSVC)
-    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11")
+add_subdirectory(../third-party/pybind11 pybind11)
+set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH} "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../cmake")
+
+find_package(Arrow)
+
+if(NOT ARROW_FOUND)
+	message(FATAL_ERROR "Arrow not found.")
 endif()
 
-option(CONDA_ROOT "Path to Conda directory." "")
+pybind11_add_module(xlntpyarrow xlntpyarrow.cpp)
 
-if(NOT CONDA_ROOT)
-	message(FATAL_ERROR "Missing Conda root directory option (-D CONDA_ROOT).")
-endif()
-
-# Replace backslash with forward slash since Python interprets it as an escaped character
-string(REGEX REPLACE "\\\\" "/" CONDA_ROOT ${CONDA_ROOT})
-
-configure_file("${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/setup.py.cmake"
-	 "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/setup.py")
-
-add_custom_target(xlntpyarrow ALL
-    COMMAND python setup.py install --record=record.txt --xlntlib=$<TARGET_FILE:xlnt>
-    DEPENDS xlnt
-    SOURCES xlntpyarrow.cpp setup.py.cmake methods.hpp methods.cpp)
+target_include_directories(xlntpyarrow
+	PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+	PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../source
+	PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../third-party/pybind11/include
+	PRIVATE ${ARROW_INCLUDE_DIR})
+target_link_libraries(xlntpyarrow
+	PRIVATE xlnt
+	PRIVATE ${ARROW_SHARED_IMP_LIB}
+	PRIVATE ${ARROW_PYTHON_SHARED_IMP_LIB})

xlntpyarrow/methods.cpp

@@ -1,322 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2017 Thomas Fussell
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, WRISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE
-//
-// @license: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
-// @author: see AUTHORS file
-
-#include <iostream>
-#include <memory>
-#include <vector>
-
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable: 4458)
-#include <arrow/api.h>
-#include <arrow/python/pyarrow.h>
-#pragma warning(pop)
-
-#include <Python.h> // must be included after Arrow
-
-#include <detail/default_case.hpp>
-#include <detail/unicode.hpp>
-#include <python_streambuf.hpp>
-#include <xlnt/cell/cell.hpp>
-#include <xlnt/cell/cell_reference.hpp>
-#include <xlnt/workbook/streaming_workbook_reader.hpp>
-#include <xlnt/workbook/streaming_workbook_writer.hpp>
-#include <xlnt/worksheet/worksheet.hpp>
-
-namespace {
-
-std::unique_ptr<arrow::ArrayBuilder> make_array_builder(xlnt::cell::type type)
-{
-    switch (type)
-    {
-    case xlnt::cell::type::number:
-        return std::unique_ptr<arrow::ArrayBuilder>(new arrow::DoubleBuilder(arrow::default_memory_pool(), arrow::float64()));
-    case xlnt::cell::type::inline_string:
-    case xlnt::cell::type::shared_string:
-    case xlnt::cell::type::error:
-    case xlnt::cell::type::formula_string:
-    case xlnt::cell::type::empty:
-        return std::unique_ptr<arrow::StringBuilder>(new arrow::StringBuilder(arrow::default_memory_pool()));
-    case xlnt::cell::type::boolean:
-        return std::unique_ptr<arrow::ArrayBuilder>(new arrow::BooleanBuilder(arrow::default_memory_pool(), std::make_shared<arrow::BooleanType>()));
-    case xlnt::cell::type::date:
-        return std::unique_ptr<arrow::Date32Builder>(new arrow::Date32Builder(arrow::default_memory_pool()));
-    }
-
-    default_case(std::unique_ptr<arrow::ArrayBuilder>(nullptrptr));
-}
-
-arrow::Field make_type_field(const std::string &name, xlnt::cell::type type)
-{
-    switch (type)
-    {
-    case xlnt::cell::type::number:
-        return arrow::Field(name, arrow::float64());
-    case xlnt::cell::type::inline_string:
-    case xlnt::cell::type::shared_string:
-    case xlnt::cell::type::error:
-    case xlnt::cell::type::formula_string:
-    case xlnt::cell::type::empty:
-        return arrow::Field(name, std::make_shared<arrow::StringType>());
-    case xlnt::cell::type::boolean:
-        return arrow::Field(name, arrow::boolean());
-    case xlnt::cell::type::date:
-        return arrow::Field(name, arrow::date32());
-    }
-
-    default_case(arrow::Field("", arrow::nullptr()));
-}
-
-} // namespace xlnt
-
-bool import_pyarrow()
-{
-    static bool imported = false;
-
-    if (!imported)
-    {
-        if (arrow::py::import_pyarrow() != 0)
-        {
-            if (PyErr_Occurred() != nullptr)
-            {
-                PyErr_Print();
-                PyErr_Clear();
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            imported = true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return imported;
-}
-
-extern "C" {
-
-PyObject *xlntpyarrow_xlsx2arrow(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
-{
-    static const char *keywords[] = { "io", "sheetname", "header", "skiprows",
-        "skip_footer", "index_col", "names", "converters", "dtype", "true_values",
-        "false_values", "parse_cols", "squeeze", "na_values", "thousands",
-        "keep_default_na", "verbose", "convert_float", nullptr };
-    static auto keywords_nc = const_cast<char **>(keywords);
-
-    PyObject *io = nullptr;
-    PyObject *sheetname = nullptr;
-    PyObject *header = nullptr;
-    PyObject *skiprows = nullptr;
-    auto skip_footer = 0;
-    PyObject *index_col = nullptr;
-    PyObject *names = nullptr;
-    PyObject *converters = nullptr;
-    PyObject *dtype = nullptr;
-    PyObject *true_values = nullptr;
-    PyObject *false_values = nullptr;
-    PyObject *parse_cols = nullptr;
-    auto squeeze = false;
-    PyObject *na_values = nullptr;
-    const char *thousands = nullptr;
-    auto keep_default_va = false;
-    auto verbose = false;
-    auto convert_float = false;
-
-    std::cout << "here" << std::endl;
-
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "O|OOOiOOOOOOOpOzppp", keywords_nc, 
-        &io, &sheetname, &header, &skiprows, &skip_footer, &index_col, &names, 
-        &converters, &dtype, &true_values, &false_values, &parse_cols, &squeeze,
-        &na_values, &thousands, &keep_default_va, &verbose, &convert_float))
-    {
-        PyErr_Print();
-        PyErr_Clear();
-        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    }
-
-    std::cout << "here2" << std::endl;
-
-    if (!import_pyarrow())
-    {
-        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    }
-
-    std::cout << "here3" << std::endl;
-
-    // arg #1, io
-    xlnt::python_streambuf file_buffer(io);
-    std::istream file_stream(&file_buffer);
-
-    xlnt::streaming_workbook_reader reader;
-    reader.open(file_stream);
-
-    std::cout << "here4" << std::endl;
-
-    // arg #2, sheetname
-    auto sheet_titles = reader.sheet_titles();
-    auto sheet_title = sheet_titles.front();
-
-    std::cout << "here5 " << sheet_title << std::endl;
-
-    if (sheetname != nullptr)
-    {
-        std::cout << "sheetname" << std::endl;
-
-        if (PyLong_Check(sheetname))
-        {
-            std::cout << "is long" << std::endl;
-            // handle int sheetname
-            auto sheet_index = PyLong_AsLong(sheetname);
-            sheet_title = sheet_titles.at(sheet_index);
-        }
-        else if (PyUnicode_Check(sheetname))
-        {
-            std::cout << "is string" << std::endl;
-            // handle string sheetname
-            sheet_title = std::string(reinterpret_cast<char *>(PyUnicode_1BYTE_DATA(sheetname)));
-        }
-    }
-
-    std::cout << sheet_title << std::endl;
-    reader.begin_worksheet(sheet_title);
-
-    auto column_names = std::vector<std::string>();
-    auto columns = std::vector<std::unique_ptr<arrow::ArrayBuilder>>();
-    auto fields = std::vector<std::shared_ptr<arrow::Field>>();
-
-    auto arrow_check = [](arrow::Status s)
-    {
-        if (!s.ok())
-        {
-            throw xlnt::exception("conversion error");
-        }
-    };
-
-    while (reader.has_cell())
-    {
-        auto cell = reader.read_cell();
-
-        if (cell.row() == 1)
-        {
-            column_names.push_back(cell.value<std::string>());
-            continue;
-        }
-        else if (cell.row() == 2)
-        {
-            auto column_name = column_names.at(cell.column().index - 1);
-            auto field = make_type_field(column_name, cell.data_type());
-            fields.push_back(std::make_shared<arrow::Field>(field));
-            columns.push_back(make_array_builder(cell.data_type()));
-        }
-
-        auto builder = columns.at(cell.column().index - 1).get();
-
-        switch (cell.data_type())
-        {
-        case xlnt::cell::type::number:
-        {
-            auto typed_builder = static_cast<arrow::DoubleBuilder*>(builder);
-            typed_builder->Append(0);
-            break;
-        }
-        case xlnt::cell::type::inline_string:
-        case xlnt::cell::type::shared_string:
-        case xlnt::cell::type::error:
-        case xlnt::cell::type::formula_string:
-        case xlnt::cell::type::empty:
-        {
-            auto typed_builder = static_cast<arrow::StringBuilder*>(builder);
-            typed_builder->Append(cell.value<std::string>());
-            break;
-        }
-        case xlnt::cell::type::boolean:
-        {
-            auto typed_builder = static_cast<arrow::BooleanBuilder*>(builder);
-            typed_builder->Append(cell.value<bool>());
-            break;
-        }
-        case xlnt::cell::type::date:
-        {
-            auto typed_builder = static_cast<arrow::Date32Builder*>(builder);
-            typed_builder->Append(cell.value<int>());
-            break;
-        }
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    reader.end_worksheet();
-
-    auto schema = std::make_shared<arrow::Schema>(fields);
-    auto arrays = std::vector<std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array>>();
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i != columns.size(); ++i)
-    {
-        std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array> array;
-        columns[i]->Finish(&array);
-        arrays.emplace_back(array);
-    }
-
-    std::shared_ptr<arrow::Table> table;
-    arrow_check(MakeTable(schema, arrays, &table));
-
-    return arrow::py::wrap_table(table);
-}
-
-PyObject *xlntpyarrow_arrow2xlsx(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
-{
-    static const char *keywords[] = { "table", "file", nullptr };
-    static auto keywords_nc = const_cast<char **>(keywords);
-
-    PyObject *table = nullptr;
-    PyObject *file = nullptr;
-
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "OO", keywords_nc, &table, &file))
-    {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    if (!import_pyarrow())
-    {
-        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    }
-
-    /*
-    auto table = arrow::py::unwrap_table(pytable);
-    xlnt::python_streambuf buffer(pyfile);
-    std::ostream stream(&buffer);
-
-    xlnt::streaming_workbook_writer writer;
-    writer.open(s);
-
-    writer.add_worksheet("Sheet1");
-
-    for (auto i = 0; i < table->num_columns(); ++i)
-    {
-    auto column_name = table->schema()->field(i)->name();
-    writer.add_cell(xlnt::cell_reference(i + 1, 1)).value(column_name);
-    }
-    */
-
-    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-}
-
-} // extern "C"

xlntpyarrow/methods.hpp

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2017 Thomas Fussell
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, WRISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE
-//
-// @license: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
-// @author: see AUTHORS file
-
-#pragma once
-
-extern "C" {
-typedef struct _object PyObject;
-
-PyObject *xlntpyarrow_xlsx2arrow(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);
-PyObject *xlntpyarrow_arrow2xlsx(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);
-} // extern "C"

xlntpyarrow/python_streambuf.hpp

@@ -1,88 +1,12 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <boost/optional.hpp>
-#include <boost/utility/typed_in_place_factory.hpp>
-
 #include <cassert>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <iostream>
-#include <Python.h>
+#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
 
 namespace xlnt {
 
-/// A stream buffer getting data from and putting data into a Python file object
-/** The aims are as follow:
-
-    - Given a C++ function acting on a standard stream, e.g.
-
-      \code
-      void read_inputs(std::istream& input) {
-        ...
-        input >> something >> something_else;
-      }
-      \endcode
-
-      and given a piece of Python code which creates a file-like object,
-      to be able to pass this file object to that C++ function, e.g.
-
-      \code
-      import gzip
-      gzip_file_obj = gzip.GzipFile(...)
-      read_inputs(gzip_file_obj)
-      \endcode
-
-      and have the standard stream pull data from and put data into the Python
-      file object.
-
-    - When Python \c read_inputs() returns, the Python object is able to
-      continue reading or writing where the C++ code left off.
-
-    - Operations in C++ on mere files should be competitively fast compared
-      to the direct use of \c std::fstream.
-
-
-    \b Motivation
-
-      - the standard Python library offer of file-like objects (files,
-        compressed files and archives, network, ...) is far superior to the
-        offer of streams in the C++ standard library and Boost C++ libraries.
-
-      - i/o code involves a fair amount of text processing which is more
-        efficiently prototyped in Python but then one may need to rewrite
-        a time-critical part in C++, in as seamless a manner as possible.
-
-    \b Usage
-
-    This is 2-step:
-
-      - a trivial wrapper function
-
-        \code
-          using boost_adaptbx::python::streambuf;
-          void read_inputs_wrapper(streambuf& input)
-          {
-            streambuf::istream is(input);
-            read_inputs(is);
-          }
-
-          def("read_inputs", read_inputs_wrapper);
-        \endcode
-
-        which has to be written every time one wants a Python binding for
-        such a C++ function.
-
-      - the Python side
-
-        \code
-          from boost.python import streambuf
-          read_inputs(streambuf(python_file_obj=obj, buffer_size=1024))
-        \endcode
-
-        \c buffer_size is optional. See also: \c default_buffer_size
-
-  Note: references are to the C++ standard (the numbers between parentheses
-  at the end of references are margin markers).
-*/
 class python_streambuf : public std::basic_streambuf<char>
 {
   private:
@@ -100,8 +24,10 @@ class python_streambuf : public std::basic_streambuf<char>
     typedef base_t::traits_type traits_type;
 
     // work around Visual C++ 7.1 problem
-    inline static int
-    traits_type_eof() { return traits_type::eof(); }
+    inline static int traits_type_eof()
+    {
+        return traits_type::eof();
+    }
 
     /// The default size of the read and write buffer.
     /** They are respectively used to buffer data read from and data written to
@@ -113,13 +39,13 @@ class python_streambuf : public std::basic_streambuf<char>
     /** if buffer_size is 0 the current default_buffer_size is used.
     */
     python_streambuf(
-      PyObject *python_file_obj,
+      pybind11::object python_file_obj,
       std::size_t buffer_size_ = 0)
     :
-      py_read (PyObject_GetAttrString(python_file_obj, "read")),
-      py_write(PyObject_GetAttrString(python_file_obj, "write")),
-      py_seek (PyObject_GetAttrString(python_file_obj, "seek")),
-      py_tell (PyObject_GetAttrString(python_file_obj, "tell")),
+      py_read(python_file_obj.attr("read").cast<pybind11::function>()),
+      py_write(python_file_obj.attr("write").cast<pybind11::function>()),
+      py_seek(python_file_obj.attr("seek").cast<pybind11::function>()),
+      py_tell(python_file_obj.attr("tell").cast<pybind11::function>()),
       buffer_size(buffer_size_ != 0 ? buffer_size_ : default_buffer_size),
       write_buffer(0),
       pos_of_read_buffer_end_in_py_file(0),
@@ -127,34 +53,40 @@ class python_streambuf : public std::basic_streambuf<char>
       farthest_pptr(0)
     {
       assert(buffer_size != 0);
+
       /* Some Python file objects (e.g. sys.stdout and sys.stdin)
          have non-functional seek and tell. If so, assign None to
          py_tell and py_seek.
        */
-      if (py_tell != nullptr) {
-          PyObject_CallFunction(py_tell, nullptr);
-	  if (PyErr_Occurred() != nullptr)
-	  {
-	    py_tell = nullptr;
-	    py_seek = nullptr;
-	    PyErr_Clear();
-	  }
-      }
+       if (!py_tell.is_none())
+       {
+         try
+         {
+           py_tell();
+         }
+         catch(...)
+         {
+           py_tell = pybind11::none();
+         }
+       }
 
-      if (py_write != nullptr) {
+      if (!py_write.is_none())
+      {
         // C-like string to make debugging easier
         write_buffer = new char[buffer_size + 1];
         write_buffer[buffer_size] = '\0';
         setp(write_buffer, write_buffer + buffer_size);  // 27.5.2.4.5 (5)
         farthest_pptr = pptr();
       }
-      else {
+      else
+      {
         // The first attempt at output will result in a call to overflow
         setp(0, 0);
       }
 
-      if (py_tell != nullptr) {
-        auto py_pos = extract_int<off_type>(PyObject_CallFunction(py_tell, nullptr));
+      if (!py_tell.is_none())
+      {
+        auto py_pos = py_tell().cast<pybind11::int_>();
         pos_of_read_buffer_end_in_py_file = py_pos;
         pos_of_write_buffer_end_in_py_file = py_pos;
       }
@@ -170,6 +102,7 @@ class python_streambuf : public std::basic_streambuf<char>
         member function readsome to work correctly (c.f. 27.6.1.3, alinea 30)
      */
     virtual std::streamsize showmanyc() {
+      std::cout << "showmanyc" << std::endl;
       int_type const failure = traits_type::eof();
       int_type status = underflow();
       if (status == failure) return -1;
@@ -178,15 +111,16 @@ class python_streambuf : public std::basic_streambuf<char>
 
     /// C.f. C++ standard section 27.5.2.4.3
     virtual int_type underflow() {
+      std::cout << "underflow" << std::endl;
       int_type const failure = traits_type::eof();
-      if (py_read == nullptr) {
+      if (py_read.is_none()) {
         throw std::invalid_argument(
           "That Python file object has no 'read' attribute");
       }
-      read_buffer = PyObject_CallFunction(py_read, "i", buffer_size);
+      read_buffer = py_read(buffer_size).cast<pybind11::bytes>();
       char *read_buffer_data = nullptr;
       Py_ssize_t py_n_read = 0;
-      if (PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(read_buffer, &read_buffer_data, &py_n_read) == -1) {
+      if (PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(read_buffer.ptr(), &read_buffer_data, &py_n_read) == -1) {
         setg(0, 0, 0);
         throw std::invalid_argument(
           "The method 'read' of the Python file object "
@@ -202,17 +136,18 @@ class python_streambuf : public std::basic_streambuf<char>
 
     /// C.f. C++ standard section 27.5.2.4.5
     virtual int_type overflow(int_type c=traits_type_eof()) {
-      if (py_write == nullptr) {
+      std::cout << "overflow" << std::endl;
+      if (py_write.is_none()) {
         throw std::invalid_argument(
           "That Python file object has no 'write' attribute");
       }
       farthest_pptr = std::max(farthest_pptr, pptr());
       auto n_written = (off_type)(farthest_pptr - pbase());
       auto chunk = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(pbase(), farthest_pptr - pbase());
-      PyObject_CallFunction(py_write, "O", chunk);
+      py_write(chunk);
       if (!traits_type::eq_int_type(c, traits_type::eof())) {
-	auto ch = traits_type::to_char_type(c);
-        PyObject_CallFunction(py_write, "y#", reinterpret_cast<char *>(&ch), 1);
+	      auto ch = traits_type::to_char_type(c);
+        py_write(reinterpret_cast<char *>(&ch), 1);
         n_written++;
       }
       if (n_written) {
@@ -233,21 +168,22 @@ class python_streambuf : public std::basic_streambuf<char>
         seek position in that read buffer.
     */
     virtual int sync() {
+      std::cout << "sync" << std::endl;
       int result = 0;
       farthest_pptr = std::max(farthest_pptr, pptr());
       if (farthest_pptr && farthest_pptr > pbase()) {
         off_type delta = pptr() - farthest_pptr;
         int_type status = overflow();
         if (traits_type::eq_int_type(status, traits_type::eof())) result = -1;
-        if (py_seek != nullptr)
+        if (!py_seek.is_none())
         {
-          PyObject_CallFunction(py_seek, "i", delta);
+          py_seek(delta);
         }
       }
       else if (gptr() && gptr() < egptr()) {
-        if (py_seek != nullptr)
+        if (!py_seek.is_none())
         {
-          PyObject_CallFunction(py_seek, "ii", gptr() - egptr(), 1);
+          py_seek(gptr() - egptr(), 1);
         }
       }
       return result;
@@ -265,6 +201,7 @@ class python_streambuf : public std::basic_streambuf<char>
                      std::ios_base::openmode which=  std::ios_base::in
                                                    | std::ios_base::out)
     {
+      std::cout << "seekoff" << std::endl;
       /* In practice, "which" is either std::ios_base::in or out
          since we end up here because either seekp or seekg was called
          on the stream using this buffer. That simplifies the code
@@ -272,7 +209,7 @@ class python_streambuf : public std::basic_streambuf<char>
       */
       int const failure = off_type(-1);
 
-      if (py_seek == nullptr) {
+      if (py_seek.is_none()) {
         throw std::invalid_argument(
           "That Python file object has no 'seek' attribute");
       }
@@ -301,20 +238,19 @@ class python_streambuf : public std::basic_streambuf<char>
       }
 
       // Let's have a go
-      boost::optional<off_type> result = seekoff_without_calling_python(
-        off, way, which);
-      if (!result) {
+      auto result = seekoff_without_calling_python(off, way, which);
+      if (!result.second) {
         // we need to call Python
         if (which == std::ios_base::out) overflow();
         if (way == std::ios_base::cur) {
           if      (which == std::ios_base::in)  off -= egptr() - gptr();
           else if (which == std::ios_base::out) off += pptr() - pbase();
         }
-        PyObject_CallFunction(py_seek, "ii", off, whence);
-        result = extract_int<off_type>(PyObject_CallFunction(py_tell, nullptr));
+        py_seek(off, whence);
+        result.first = py_tell().cast<pybind11::int_>();
         if (which == std::ios_base::in) underflow();
       }
-      return *result;
+      return result.first;
     }
 
     /// C.f. C++ standard section 27.5.2.4.2
@@ -323,14 +259,15 @@ class python_streambuf : public std::basic_streambuf<char>
                      std::ios_base::openmode which=  std::ios_base::in
                                                    | std::ios_base::out)
     {
+      std::cout << "seekpos" << std::endl;
       return python_streambuf::seekoff(sp, std::ios_base::beg, which);
     }
 
   private:
-    PyObject *py_read = nullptr;
-    PyObject *py_write = nullptr;
-    PyObject *py_seek = nullptr;
-    PyObject *py_tell = nullptr;
+    pybind11::function py_read;
+    pybind11::function py_write;
+    pybind11::function py_seek;
+    pybind11::function py_tell;
 
     std::size_t buffer_size;
 
@@ -339,7 +276,7 @@ class python_streambuf : public std::basic_streambuf<char>
        object so as to hold on it: as a result, the actual buffer can't
        go away.
     */
-    PyObject *read_buffer = nullptr;
+    pybind11::bytes read_buffer;
 
     /* A mere array of char's allocated on the heap at construction time and
        de-allocated only at destruction time.
@@ -353,12 +290,12 @@ class python_streambuf : public std::basic_streambuf<char>
     char *farthest_pptr = nullptr;
 
 
-    boost::optional<off_type> seekoff_without_calling_python(
+    std::pair<off_type, bool> seekoff_without_calling_python(
       off_type off,
       std::ios_base::seekdir way,
       std::ios_base::openmode which)
     {
-      boost::optional<off_type> const failure;
+      const auto failure = std::make_pair<off_type, bool>(off_type(), false);
 
       // Buffer range and current position
       off_type buf_begin, buf_end, buf_cur, upper_bound;
@@ -403,17 +340,8 @@ class python_streambuf : public std::basic_streambuf<char>
       // we are in wonderland
       if      (which == std::ios_base::in)  gbump(static_cast<int>(buf_sought - buf_cur));
       else if (which == std::ios_base::out) pbump(static_cast<int>(buf_sought - buf_cur));
-      return pos_of_buffer_end_in_py_file + (buf_sought - buf_end);
+      return std::make_pair<off_type, bool>(pos_of_buffer_end_in_py_file + (buf_sought - buf_end), true);
     }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  T extract_int(PyObject *o)
-  {
-    auto value = PyLong_AsLong(o);
-    Py_DECREF(o);
-
-    return static_cast<T>(value);
-  }
 };
 
 std::size_t python_streambuf::default_buffer_size = 1024;

xlntpyarrow/setup.py.cmake

@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import sys
-from distutils.core import setup, Extension
-from distutils import sysconfig
-
-description = """
-xlntpyarrow allows Apache Arrow tables to be written to and read from an XLSX
-file efficiently using the C++ library xlnt.
-""".strip()
-
-cfg_vars = sysconfig.get_config_vars()
-if 'CFLAGS' in cfg_vars:
-    cfg_vars['CFLAGS'] = cfg_vars['CFLAGS'].replace('-Wstrict-prototypes', '')
-
-project_root = '${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}'
-conda_root = '${CONDA_ROOT}'
-
-xlntlib = None
-
-for arg in sys.argv:
-    if arg[:2] == '--' and arg.split('=')[0][2:] == 'xlntlib':
-        xlntlib = arg.split('=')[1]
-        sys.argv.remove(arg)
-        break
-
-include_dirs = [
-    os.path.join(project_root, 'include'),
-	os.path.join(project_root, 'source'),
-    os.path.join(project_root, 'xlntpyarrow'),
-    os.path.join(conda_root, 'include')
-]
-
-library_dir = 'lib'
-
-if os.name == 'nt':
-    library_dir = 'Lib/site-packages'
-
-library_dirs = [
-    os.path.dirname(xlntlib),
-    os.path.join(conda_root, 'lib')
-]
-
-compile_args = '${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}'.split()
-
-xlntpyarrow_extension = Extension(
-    'xlntpyarrow',
-    ['${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/xlntpyarrow.cpp', '${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/methods.cpp'],
-    language = 'c++',
-    include_dirs = include_dirs,
-    libraries = [
-        'arrow',
-		'arrow_python',
-        'xlnt'
-    ],
-    library_dirs = library_dirs,
-    extra_compile_args = compile_args
-)
-
-classifiers = [
-    'Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable',
-    'Environment :: Plugins',
-    'Intended Audience :: Science/Research',
-    'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
-    'Natural Language :: English',
-    'Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows',
-    'Operating System :: MacOS :: MacOS X',
-    'Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux',
-    'Programming Language :: C',
-    'Programming Language :: C++',
-    'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7',
-    'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
-    'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython',
-    'Topic :: Database',
-    'Topic :: Office/Business :: Financial :: Spreadsheet',
-    'Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Information Analysis',
-    'Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules'
-]
-
-data_files = []
-
-if xlntlib:
-	data_files.append((library_dir, [os.path.relpath(xlntlib).replace('\\', '/')]))
-
-setup(
-    name = 'xlntpyarrow',
-    version = '1.1.0',
-    classifiers = classifiers,
-    description = description,
-    ext_modules = [xlntpyarrow_extension],
-    author = 'Thomas Fussell',
-    author_email = 'thomas.fussell@gmail.com',
-    url = 'https://github.com/tfussell/xlnt',
-    data_files = data_files
-)

xlntpyarrow/test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import pyarrow as pa
+import xlntpyarrow as xpa
+
+print(xpa)
+
+COLUMN_TYPE_FIELD = {
+    xpa.Cell.Type.Number: pa.float64,
+    xpa.Cell.Type.SharedString: pa.string,
+    xpa.Cell.Type.InlineString: pa.string,
+    xpa.Cell.Type.FormulaString: pa.string,
+    xpa.Cell.Type.Error: pa.string,
+    xpa.Cell.Type.Boolean: pa.bool_,
+    xpa.Cell.Type.Date: pa.date32,
+    xpa.Cell.Type.Empty: pa.string,
+}
+
+def xlsx2arrow(io, sheetname):
+    reader = xpa.StreamingWorkbookReader()
+    reader.open(io)
+    print('after open')
+
+    print('before titles')
+    sheet_titles = reader.sheet_titles()
+    print('after titles', sheet_titles)
+    sheet_title = sheet_titles[0]
+
+    if sheetname is not None:
+        if isinstance(sheetname, int):
+            sheet_title = sheet_titles[sheetname]
+        elif isinstance(sheetname, str):
+            sheet_title = sheetname
+
+    print('before begin', sheet_title)
+    reader.begin_worksheet(sheet_title)
+    print('after begin', sheet_title)
+
+    column_names = []
+    fields = []
+    batches = []
+
+    while reader.has_cell():
+        print('read_cell')
+        cell = reader.read_cell()
+        type = cell.data_type()
+
+        if cell.row() == 1:
+            column_names.push_back(cell.value_string())
+            continue
+        elif cell.row() == 2:
+            column_name = column_names[cell.column() - 1]
+            fields.append(pa.Field(column_name, COLUMN_TYPE_FIELD[type]()))
+            continue
+        elif schema is None:
+            schema = pa.schema(fields)
+
+        batch = xpa.read_batch(schema, 0)
+        print(batch)
+        batches.append(batch)
+
+        break
+
+    reader.end_worksheet()
+
+    return pa.Table.from_batches(batches)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    file = open('tmp.xlsx', 'rb')
+    print(xlsx2arrow(file, 'Sheet1'))

xlntpyarrow/xlntpyarrow.cpp

@@ -21,63 +21,328 @@
 // @license: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
 // @author: see AUTHORS file
 
-#include <Python.h>
-#include <methods.hpp>
+#include <arrow/api.h>
+#include <arrow/python/pyarrow.h>
+#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
+#include <pybind11/stl.h>
+#include <xlnt/xlnt.hpp>
+#include <xlnt/workbook/streaming_workbook_reader.hpp>
+#include <python_streambuf.hpp>
 
-extern "C" {
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(xlntpyarrow_xlsx2arrow_doc, "xlsx2arrow(in_file)\
-\
-Returns an arrow table representing the given XLSX file object.");
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(xlntpyarrow_arrow2xlsx_doc, "arrow2xlsx(table, out_file)\
-\
-Writes the given arrow table to out_file as an XLSX file.");
-
-// 2.7/3 compatible based on https://docs.python.org/3/howto/cporting.html
-
-static PyMethodDef xlntpyarrow_methods[] =
+void import_pyarrow()
 {
-    { "xlsx2arrow", (PyCFunction)xlntpyarrow_xlsx2arrow,
-        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, xlntpyarrow_xlsx2arrow_doc },
-    { "arrow2xlsx", (PyCFunction)xlntpyarrow_arrow2xlsx,
-        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, xlntpyarrow_arrow2xlsx_doc },
-    { nullptr, nullptr, 0, nullptr }
-};
+    static auto imported = false;
 
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    if (!imported)
+    {
+        if (arrow::py::import_pyarrow() != 0)
+        {
+            throw std::exception("Import of pyarrow failed.");
+        }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(xlntpyarrow_doc, "The xlntpyarrow module");
-
-static PyModuleDef xlntpyarrow_def =
-{
-    PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, // m_base
-    "xlntpyarrow", // m_name
-    xlntpyarrow_doc, // m_doc
-    0, // m_size
-    xlntpyarrow_methods, // m_methods
-    nullptr, // m_slots
-    nullptr, // m_traverse
-    nullptr, // m_clear
-    nullptr, // m_free
-};
-
-PyMODINIT_FUNC
-PyInit_xlntpyarrow(void)
-#else
-void
-initxlntpyarrow(void)
-#endif
-{
-    PyObject *module = nullptr;
-
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
-    module = PyModule_Create(&xlntpyarrow_def);
-    return module;
-#else
-    module = Py_InitModule("xlntpyarrow", xlntpyarrow_methods);
-    return;
-#endif
+        imported = true;
+    }
 }
 
-} // extern "C"
+std::vector<arrow::Type::type> extract_schema_types(std::shared_ptr<arrow::Schema> &schema)
+{
+    auto types = std::vector<arrow::Type::type>();
+
+    for (auto i = 0; i < schema->num_fields(); ++i)
+    {
+        types.push_back(schema->field(i)->type()->id());
+    }
+
+    return types;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<arrow::ArrayBuilder> make_array_builder(arrow::Type::type type)
+{
+    std::unique_ptr<arrow::ArrayBuilder> builder;
+    auto pool = arrow::default_memory_pool();
+
+    switch (type)
+    {
+    case arrow::Type::NA:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::BOOL:
+        builder.reset(new arrow::BooleanBuilder(pool));
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::UINT8:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::INT8:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::UINT16:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::INT16:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::UINT32:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::INT32:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::UINT64:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::INT64:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::HALF_FLOAT:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::FLOAT:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::DOUBLE:
+        builder.reset(new arrow::DoubleBuilder(pool));
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::STRING:
+        builder.reset(new arrow::StringBuilder(pool));
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::BINARY:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::FIXED_SIZE_BINARY:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::DATE32:
+        builder.reset(new arrow::Date32Builder(pool));
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::DATE64:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::TIMESTAMP:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::TIME32:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::TIME64:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::INTERVAL:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::DECIMAL:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::LIST:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::STRUCT:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::UNION:
+        break;
+
+    case arrow::Type::DICTIONARY:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return builder;
+}
+
+void open_file(xlnt::streaming_workbook_reader &reader, pybind11::object file)
+{
+    xlnt::python_streambuf buffer(file);
+    std::istream stream(&buffer);
+    reader.open(stream);
+}
+
+pybind11::handle read_batch(xlnt::streaming_workbook_reader &reader,
+    pybind11::object pyschema, int max_rows)
+{
+    import_pyarrow();
+
+    std::shared_ptr<arrow::Schema> schema;
+    arrow::py::unwrap_schema(pyschema.ptr(), &schema);
+
+    std::cout << "1" << std::endl;
+
+    auto column_types = extract_schema_types(schema);
+    auto builders = std::vector<std::shared_ptr<arrow::ArrayBuilder>>();
+    auto num_rows = std::int64_t(0);
+
+    std::cout << "2" << std::endl;
+
+    for (auto type : column_types)
+    {
+        builders.push_back(make_array_builder(type));
+    }
+
+    std::cout << "3" << std::endl;
+
+    for (auto row = 0; row < max_rows; ++row)
+    {
+        if (!reader.has_cell()) break;
+
+        std::cout << "4" << std::endl;
+
+        for (auto column = 0; column < schema->num_fields(); ++column)
+        {
+            if (!reader.has_cell()) break;
+
+            std::cout << "5" << std::endl;
+
+            auto cell = reader.read_cell();
+
+            /*
+            auto column_type = column_types.at(column);
+            auto builder = builders.at(cell.column().index - 1).get();
+
+            switch (column_type)
+            {
+            case arrow::Type::NA:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::BOOL:
+                static_cast<arrow::BooleanBuilder *>(builder)->Append(cell.value<bool>());
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::UINT8:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::INT8:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::UINT16:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::INT16:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::UINT32:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::INT32:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::UINT64:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::INT64:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::HALF_FLOAT:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::FLOAT:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::DOUBLE:
+                static_cast<arrow::DoubleBuilder *>(builder)->Append(cell.value<long double>());
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::STRING:
+                static_cast<arrow::StringBuilder *>(builder)->Append(cell.value<std::string>());
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::BINARY:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::FIXED_SIZE_BINARY:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::DATE32:
+                static_cast<arrow::Date32Builder *>(builder)->Append(cell.value<int>());
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::DATE64:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::TIMESTAMP:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::TIME32:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::TIME64:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::INTERVAL:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::DECIMAL:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::LIST:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::STRUCT:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::UNION:
+                break;
+
+            case arrow::Type::DICTIONARY:
+                break;
+            }
+            */
+        }
+
+        ++num_rows;
+    }
+
+    std::cout << "6" << std::endl;
+
+    auto columns = std::vector<std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array>>();
+
+    for (auto &builder : builders)
+    {
+        std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array> column;
+        builder->Finish(&column);
+        columns.emplace_back(column);
+    }
+
+    std::cout << "7" << std::endl;
+
+    auto batch_pointer = std::make_shared<arrow::RecordBatch>(schema, num_rows, columns);
+    auto batch_object = arrow::py::wrap_record_batch(batch_pointer);
+    auto batch_handle = pybind11::handle(batch_object); // don't need to incr. reference count, right?
+
+    std::cout << "8" << std::endl;
+
+    return batch_handle;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_MODULE(xlntpyarrow, m)
+{
+    m.doc() = "streaming read/write interface for C++ XLSX library xlnt";
+
+    pybind11::class_<xlnt::streaming_workbook_reader>(m, "StreamingWorkbookReader")
+        .def(pybind11::init<>())
+        .def("has_cell", &xlnt::streaming_workbook_reader::has_cell)
+        .def("read_cell", &xlnt::streaming_workbook_reader::read_cell)
+        .def("has_worksheet", &xlnt::streaming_workbook_reader::has_worksheet)
+        .def("begin_worksheet", &xlnt::streaming_workbook_reader::begin_worksheet)
+        .def("end_worksheet", &xlnt::streaming_workbook_reader::end_worksheet)
+        .def("sheet_titles", &xlnt::streaming_workbook_reader::sheet_titles)
+        .def("open", &open_file)
+        .def("read_batch", &read_batch);
+
+    pybind11::class_<xlnt::cell> cell(m, "Cell");
+    cell.def("value_string", [](xlnt::cell cell)
+        {
+            return cell.value<std::string>();
+        });
+
+    pybind11::enum_<xlnt::cell::type>(cell, "Type")
+        .value("Empty", xlnt::cell::type::empty)
+        .value("Boolean", xlnt::cell::type::boolean)
+        .value("Date", xlnt::cell::type::date)
+        .value("Error", xlnt::cell::type::error)
+        .value("InlineString", xlnt::cell::type::inline_string)
+        .value("Number", xlnt::cell::type::number)
+        .value("SharedString", xlnt::cell::type::shared_string)
+        .value("FormulaString", xlnt::cell::type::formula_string);
+}