diff --git a/other/DHT_bootstrap.c b/other/DHT_bootstrap.c
index 4a5d937d..af5fae01 100644
--- a/other/DHT_bootstrap.c
+++ b/other/DHT_bootstrap.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+
 /* DHT boostrap
  *
  * A simple DHT boostrap server for tox.
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@
  *  along with Tox.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  *
  */
+
 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
 #include "config.h"
 #endif
@@ -27,6 +29,8 @@
 #include "../toxcore/DHT.h"
 #include "../toxcore/LAN_discovery.h"
 #include "../toxcore/friend_requests.h"
+#include "../toxcore/util.h"
+
 #include "../testing/misc_tools.c"
 
 /* Sleep function (x = milliseconds) */
@@ -147,7 +151,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
         do_DHT(dht);
 
-        if (last_LANdiscovery + (is_waiting_for_dht_connection ? 5 : LAN_DISCOVERY_INTERVAL) < unix_time()) {
+        if (is_timeout(last_LANdiscovery, is_waiting_for_dht_connection ? 5 : LAN_DISCOVERY_INTERVAL)) {
             send_LANdiscovery(htons(PORT), dht->c);
             last_LANdiscovery = unix_time();
         }
diff --git a/toxcore/DHT.c b/toxcore/DHT.c
index ee51f16c..c286567f 100644
--- a/toxcore/DHT.c
+++ b/toxcore/DHT.c
@@ -115,25 +115,14 @@ static int client_id_cmp(ClientPair p1, ClientPair p2)
     return c;
 }
 
-static int id_equal(uint8_t *a, uint8_t *b)
-{
-    return memcmp(a, b, CLIENT_ID_SIZE) == 0;
-}
-
-static int is_timeout(uint64_t time_now, uint64_t timestamp, uint64_t timeout)
-{
-    return timestamp + timeout <= time_now;
-}
-
 static int client_in_list(Client_data *list, uint32_t length, uint8_t *client_id)
 {
     uint32_t i;
-    uint64_t temp_time = unix_time();
 
     for (i = 0; i < length; i++)
         /* Dead nodes are considered dead (not in the list)*/
-        if (!is_timeout(temp_time, list[i].assoc4.timestamp, KILL_NODE_TIMEOUT) ||
-                !is_timeout(temp_time, list[i].assoc6.timestamp, KILL_NODE_TIMEOUT))
+        if (!is_timeout(list[i].assoc4.timestamp, KILL_NODE_TIMEOUT) ||
+                !is_timeout(list[i].assoc6.timestamp, KILL_NODE_TIMEOUT))
             if (id_equal(list[i].client_id, client_id))
                 return 1;
 
@@ -272,7 +261,7 @@ static int friend_number(DHT *dht, uint8_t *client_id)
  */
 static void get_close_nodes_inner(DHT *dht, uint8_t *client_id, Node_format *nodes_list,
                                   sa_family_t sa_family, Client_data *client_list, uint32_t client_list_length,
-                                  time_t timestamp, int *num_nodes_ptr, uint8_t is_LAN)
+                                  int *num_nodes_ptr, uint8_t is_LAN)
 {
     if ((sa_family != AF_INET) && (sa_family != AF_INET6))
         return;
@@ -295,7 +284,7 @@ static void get_close_nodes_inner(DHT *dht, uint8_t *client_id, Node_format *nod
             ipptp = &client->assoc6;
 
         /* node not in a good condition? */
-        if (is_timeout(timestamp, ipptp->timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT))
+        if (is_timeout(ipptp->timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT))
             continue;
 
         IP *client_ip = &ipptp->ip_port.ip;
@@ -366,15 +355,14 @@ static void get_close_nodes_inner(DHT *dht, uint8_t *client_id, Node_format *nod
  */
 static int get_close_nodes(DHT *dht, uint8_t *client_id, Node_format *nodes_list, sa_family_t sa_family, uint8_t is_LAN)
 {
-    time_t timestamp = unix_time();
     int num_nodes = 0, i;
     get_close_nodes_inner(dht, client_id, nodes_list, sa_family,
-                          dht->close_clientlist, LCLIENT_LIST, timestamp, &num_nodes, is_LAN);
+                          dht->close_clientlist, LCLIENT_LIST, &num_nodes, is_LAN);
 
     for (i = 0; i < dht->num_friends; ++i)
         get_close_nodes_inner(dht, client_id, nodes_list, sa_family,
                               dht->friends_list[i].client_list, MAX_FRIEND_CLIENTS,
-                              timestamp, &num_nodes, is_LAN);
+                              &num_nodes, is_LAN);
 
     return num_nodes;
 }
@@ -393,7 +381,6 @@ static int replace_bad(    Client_data    *list,
         return 1;
 
     uint32_t i;
-    uint64_t temp_time = unix_time();
 
     for (i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
         /* If node is bad */
@@ -405,10 +392,10 @@ static int replace_bad(    Client_data    *list,
         else
             ipptp = &client->assoc6;
 
-        if (is_timeout(temp_time, ipptp->timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT)) {
+        if (is_timeout(ipptp->timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT)) {
             memcpy(client->client_id, client_id, CLIENT_ID_SIZE);
             ipptp->ip_port = ip_port;
-            ipptp->timestamp = temp_time;
+            ipptp->timestamp = unix_time();
 
             ip_reset(&ipptp->ret_ip_port.ip);
             ipptp->ret_ip_port.port = 0;
@@ -587,10 +574,9 @@ static int is_gettingnodes(DHT *dht, IP_Port ip_port, uint64_t ping_id)
 {
     uint32_t i;
     uint8_t pinging;
-    uint64_t temp_time = unix_time();
 
     for (i = 0; i < LSEND_NODES_ARRAY; ++i ) {
-        if (!is_timeout(temp_time, dht->send_nodes[i].timestamp, PING_TIMEOUT)) {
+        if (!is_timeout(dht->send_nodes[i].timestamp, PING_TIMEOUT)) {
             pinging = 0;
 
             if (ping_id != 0 && dht->send_nodes[i].id == ping_id)
@@ -612,12 +598,11 @@ static uint64_t add_gettingnodes(DHT *dht, IP_Port ip_port)
 {
     uint32_t i, j;
     uint64_t ping_id = ((uint64_t)random_int() << 32) + random_int();
-    uint64_t temp_time = unix_time();
 
     for (i = 0; i < PING_TIMEOUT; ++i ) {
         for (j = 0; j < LSEND_NODES_ARRAY; ++j ) {
-            if (is_timeout(temp_time, dht->send_nodes[j].timestamp, PING_TIMEOUT - i)) {
-                dht->send_nodes[j].timestamp = temp_time;
+            if (is_timeout(dht->send_nodes[j].timestamp, PING_TIMEOUT - i)) {
+                dht->send_nodes[j].timestamp = unix_time();
                 dht->send_nodes[j].ip_port = ip_port;
                 dht->send_nodes[j].id = ping_id;
                 return ping_id;
@@ -937,7 +922,6 @@ static int handle_sendnodes_ipv6(void *object, IP_Port source, uint8_t *packet,
  */
 static void get_bunchnodes(DHT *dht, Client_data *list, uint16_t length, uint16_t max_num, uint8_t *client_id)
 {
-    uint64_t temp_time = unix_time();
     uint32_t i, num = 0;
 
     for (i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
@@ -946,7 +930,7 @@ static void get_bunchnodes(DHT *dht, Client_data *list, uint16_t length, uint16_
 
         for (a = 0, assoc = &list[i].assoc6; a < 2; a++, assoc = &list[i].assoc4)
             if (ipport_isset(&(assoc->ip_port)) &&
-                    !is_timeout(temp_time, assoc->ret_timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT)) {
+                    !is_timeout(assoc->ret_timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT)) {
                 getnodes(dht, assoc->ip_port, list[i].client_id, client_id);
                 ++num;
 
@@ -1016,7 +1000,6 @@ int DHT_delfriend(DHT *dht, uint8_t *client_id)
 int DHT_getfriendip(DHT *dht, uint8_t *client_id, IP_Port *ip_port)
 {
     uint32_t i, j;
-    uint64_t temp_time = unix_time();
 
     ip_reset(&ip_port->ip);
     ip_port->port = 0;
@@ -1032,7 +1015,7 @@ int DHT_getfriendip(DHT *dht, uint8_t *client_id, IP_Port *ip_port)
                     uint32_t a;
 
                     for (a = 0, assoc = &client->assoc6; a < 2; a++, assoc = &client->assoc4)
-                        if (!is_timeout(temp_time, assoc->timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT)) {
+                        if (!is_timeout(assoc->timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT)) {
                             *ip_port = assoc->ip_port;
                             return 1;
                         }
@@ -1063,14 +1046,14 @@ static void do_ping_and_sendnode_requests(DHT *dht, uint64_t *lastgetnode, uint8
         uint32_t a;
 
         for (a = 0, assoc = &client->assoc6; a < 2; a++, assoc = &client->assoc4)
-            if (!is_timeout(temp_time, assoc->timestamp, KILL_NODE_TIMEOUT)) {
-                if (is_timeout(temp_time, assoc->last_pinged, PING_INTERVAL)) {
+            if (!is_timeout(assoc->timestamp, KILL_NODE_TIMEOUT)) {
+                if (is_timeout(assoc->last_pinged, PING_INTERVAL)) {
                     send_ping_request(dht->ping, assoc->ip_port, client->client_id );
                     assoc->last_pinged = temp_time;
                 }
 
                 /* If node is good. */
-                if (!is_timeout(temp_time, assoc->timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT)) {
+                if (!is_timeout(assoc->timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT)) {
                     client_list[num_nodes] = client;
                     assoc_list[num_nodes] = assoc;
                     ++num_nodes;
@@ -1078,8 +1061,7 @@ static void do_ping_and_sendnode_requests(DHT *dht, uint64_t *lastgetnode, uint8
             }
     }
 
-    if ((num_nodes != 0) &&
-            is_timeout(temp_time, *lastgetnode, GET_NODE_INTERVAL)) {
+    if ((num_nodes != 0) && is_timeout(*lastgetnode, GET_NODE_INTERVAL)) {
         uint32_t rand_node = rand() % num_nodes;
         getnodes(dht, assoc_list[rand_node]->ip_port, client_list[rand_node]->client_id,
                  client_id);
@@ -1174,9 +1156,6 @@ int route_packet(DHT *dht, uint8_t *client_id, uint8_t *packet, uint32_t length)
  */
 static int friend_iplist(DHT *dht, IP_Port *ip_portlist, uint16_t friend_num)
 {
-    int i;
-    uint64_t temp_time = unix_time();
-
     if (friend_num >= dht->num_friends)
         return -1;
 
@@ -1187,20 +1166,21 @@ static int friend_iplist(DHT *dht, IP_Port *ip_portlist, uint16_t friend_num)
     IP_Port ipv6s[MAX_FRIEND_CLIENTS];
     int num_ipv6s = 0;
     uint8_t connected;
+    int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_FRIEND_CLIENTS; ++i) {
         client = &(friend->client_list[i]);
         connected = 0;
 
         /* If ip is not zero and node is good. */
-        if (ip_isset(&client->assoc4.ret_ip_port.ip) && !is_timeout(temp_time, client->assoc4.ret_timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT)) {
+        if (ip_isset(&client->assoc4.ret_ip_port.ip) && !is_timeout(client->assoc4.ret_timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT)) {
             ipv4s[num_ipv4s] = client->assoc4.ret_ip_port;
             ++num_ipv4s;
 
             connected = 1;
         }
 
-        if (ip_isset(&client->assoc6.ret_ip_port.ip) && !is_timeout(temp_time, client->assoc6.ret_timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT)) {
+        if (ip_isset(&client->assoc6.ret_ip_port.ip) && !is_timeout(client->assoc6.ret_timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT)) {
             ipv6s[num_ipv6s] = client->assoc6.ret_ip_port;
             ++num_ipv6s;
 
@@ -1260,7 +1240,6 @@ int route_tofriend(DHT *dht, uint8_t *friend_id, uint8_t *packet, uint32_t lengt
     if (ip_num < (MAX_FRIEND_CLIENTS / 2))
         return 0; /* Reason for that? */
 
-    uint64_t temp_time = unix_time();
     DHT_Friend *friend = &dht->friends_list[num];
     Client_data *client;
 
@@ -1283,7 +1262,7 @@ int route_tofriend(DHT *dht, uint8_t *friend_id, uint8_t *packet, uint32_t lengt
 
             /* If ip is not zero and node is good. */
             if (ip_isset(&assoc->ret_ip_port.ip) &&
-                    !is_timeout(temp_time, assoc->ret_timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT)) {
+                    !is_timeout(assoc->ret_timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT)) {
                 int retval = sendpacket(dht->c->lossless_udp->net, assoc->ip_port, packet, length);
 
                 if ((unsigned int)retval == length) {
@@ -1313,7 +1292,6 @@ static int routeone_tofriend(DHT *dht, uint8_t *friend_id, uint8_t *packet, uint
     IP_Port ip_list[MAX_FRIEND_CLIENTS * 2];
     int n = 0;
     uint32_t i;
-    uint64_t temp_time = unix_time();
 
     /* extra legwork, because having the outside allocating the space for us
      * is *usually* good(tm) (bites us in the behind in this case though) */
@@ -1330,7 +1308,7 @@ static int routeone_tofriend(DHT *dht, uint8_t *friend_id, uint8_t *packet, uint
                 assoc = &client->assoc6;
 
             /* If ip is not zero and node is good. */
-            if (ip_isset(&assoc->ret_ip_port.ip) && !is_timeout(temp_time, assoc->ret_timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT)) {
+            if (ip_isset(&assoc->ret_ip_port.ip) && !is_timeout(assoc->ret_timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT)) {
                 ip_list[n] = assoc->ip_port;
                 ++n;
             }
@@ -1556,6 +1534,9 @@ static void do_NAT(DHT *dht)
 
 DHT *new_DHT(Net_Crypto *c)
 {
+    /* init time */
+    unix_time_update();
+
     if (c == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
@@ -1584,6 +1565,8 @@ DHT *new_DHT(Net_Crypto *c)
 
 void do_DHT(DHT *dht)
 {
+    unix_time_update();
+
     do_Close(dht);
     do_DHT_friends(dht);
     do_NAT(dht);
@@ -1860,13 +1843,13 @@ int DHT_load_new(DHT *dht, uint8_t *data, uint32_t length)
 int DHT_isconnected(DHT *dht)
 {
     uint32_t i;
-    uint64_t temp_time = unix_time();
+    unix_time_update();
 
     for (i = 0; i < LCLIENT_LIST; ++i) {
         Client_data *client = &dht->close_clientlist[i];
 
-        if (!is_timeout(temp_time, client->assoc4.timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT) ||
-                !is_timeout(temp_time, client->assoc6.timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT))
+        if (!is_timeout(client->assoc4.timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT) ||
+                !is_timeout(client->assoc6.timestamp, BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT))
             return 1;
     }
 
diff --git a/toxcore/LAN_discovery.c b/toxcore/LAN_discovery.c
index a4f1ccc2..eb0b95a1 100644
--- a/toxcore/LAN_discovery.c
+++ b/toxcore/LAN_discovery.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "LAN_discovery.h"
+#include "util.h"
 
 #define MAX_INTERFACES 16
 
@@ -214,7 +215,7 @@ int send_LANdiscovery(uint16_t port, Net_Crypto *c)
 {
     uint8_t data[crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES + 1];
     data[0] = NET_PACKET_LAN_DISCOVERY;
-    memcpy(data + 1, c->self_public_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+    id_copy(data + 1, c->self_public_key);
 
 #ifdef __linux
     send_broadcasts(c->lossless_udp->net, port, data, 1 + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
diff --git a/toxcore/Messenger.c b/toxcore/Messenger.c
index 2e8efeac..7710a33c 100644
--- a/toxcore/Messenger.c
+++ b/toxcore/Messenger.c
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ int getfriend_id(Messenger *m, uint8_t *client_id)
 
     for (i = 0; i < m->numfriends; ++i) {
         if (m->friendlist[i].status > 0)
-            if (memcmp(client_id, m->friendlist[i].client_id, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES) == 0)
+            if (id_equal(client_id, m->friendlist[i].client_id))
                 return i;
     }
 
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ static uint16_t address_checksum(uint8_t *address, uint32_t len)
  */
 void getaddress(Messenger *m, uint8_t *address)
 {
-    memcpy(address, m->net_crypto->self_public_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+    id_copy(address, m->net_crypto->self_public_key);
     uint32_t nospam = get_nospam(&(m->fr));
     memcpy(address + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES, &nospam, sizeof(nospam));
     uint16_t checksum = address_checksum(address, FRIEND_ADDRESS_SIZE - sizeof(checksum));
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ int m_addfriend(Messenger *m, uint8_t *address, uint8_t *data, uint16_t length)
         return FAERR_TOOLONG;
 
     uint8_t client_id[crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES];
-    memcpy(client_id, address, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+    id_copy(client_id, address);
     uint16_t check, checksum = address_checksum(address, FRIEND_ADDRESS_SIZE - sizeof(checksum));
     memcpy(&check, address + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES + sizeof(uint32_t), sizeof(check));
 
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ int m_addfriend(Messenger *m, uint8_t *address, uint8_t *data, uint16_t length)
     if (length < 1)
         return FAERR_NOMESSAGE;
 
-    if (memcmp(client_id, m->net_crypto->self_public_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES) == 0)
+    if (id_equal(client_id, m->net_crypto->self_public_key))
         return FAERR_OWNKEY;
 
     int friend_id = getfriend_id(m, client_id);
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ int m_addfriend(Messenger *m, uint8_t *address, uint8_t *data, uint16_t length)
             m->friendlist[i].crypt_connection_id = -1;
             m->friendlist[i].friendrequest_lastsent = 0;
             m->friendlist[i].friendrequest_timeout = FRIENDREQUEST_TIMEOUT;
-            memcpy(m->friendlist[i].client_id, client_id, CLIENT_ID_SIZE);
+            id_copy(m->friendlist[i].client_id, client_id);
             m->friendlist[i].statusmessage = calloc(1, 1);
             m->friendlist[i].statusmessage_length = 1;
             m->friendlist[i].userstatus = USERSTATUS_NONE;
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ int m_addfriend_norequest(Messenger *m, uint8_t *client_id)
     if (realloc_friendlist(m, m->numfriends + 1) != 0)
         return FAERR_NOMEM;
 
-    if (memcmp(client_id, m->net_crypto->self_public_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES) == 0)
+    if (id_equal(client_id, m->net_crypto->self_public_key))
         return FAERR_OWNKEY;
 
     memset(&(m->friendlist[m->numfriends]), 0, sizeof(Friend));
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ int m_addfriend_norequest(Messenger *m, uint8_t *client_id)
             m->friendlist[i].status = FRIEND_CONFIRMED;
             m->friendlist[i].crypt_connection_id = -1;
             m->friendlist[i].friendrequest_lastsent = 0;
-            memcpy(m->friendlist[i].client_id, client_id, CLIENT_ID_SIZE);
+            id_copy(m->friendlist[i].client_id, client_id);
             m->friendlist[i].statusmessage = calloc(1, 1);
             m->friendlist[i].statusmessage_length = 1;
             m->friendlist[i].userstatus = USERSTATUS_NONE;
@@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ static int group_num(Messenger *m, uint8_t *group_public_key)
     uint32_t i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < m->numchats; ++i) {
-        if (memcmp(m->chats[i]->self_public_key, group_public_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES) == 0)
+        if (id_equal(m->chats[i]->self_public_key, group_public_key))
             return i;
     }
 
@@ -917,8 +917,8 @@ int join_groupchat(Messenger *m, int friendnumber, uint8_t *friend_group_public_
     if (groupnum == -1)
         return -1;
 
-    memcpy(data, friend_group_public_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
-    memcpy(data + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES, m->chats[groupnum]->self_public_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+    id_copy(data, friend_group_public_key);
+    id_copy(data + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES, m->chats[groupnum]->self_public_key);
 
     if (write_cryptpacket_id(m, friendnumber, PACKET_ID_JOIN_GROUPCHAT, data, sizeof(data))) {
         chat_bootstrap_nonlazy(m->chats[groupnum], get_friend_ipport(m, friendnumber),
@@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ static int handle_group(void *object, IP_Port source, uint8_t *packet, uint32_t
         if (m->chats[i] == NULL)
             continue;
 
-        if (memcmp(packet + 1, m->chats[i]->self_public_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES) == 0)
+        if (id_equal(packet + 1, m->chats[i]->self_public_key))
             return handle_groupchatpacket(m->chats[i], source, packet, length);
     }
 
@@ -1769,6 +1769,8 @@ static char *ID2String(uint8_t *client_id)
 /* The main loop that needs to be run at least 20 times per second. */
 void doMessenger(Messenger *m)
 {
+    unix_time_update();
+
     networking_poll(m->net);
 
     do_DHT(m->dht);
@@ -1996,7 +1998,7 @@ static int Messenger_load_old(Messenger *m, uint8_t *data, uint32_t length)
             } else if (friend_list[i].status != 0) {
                 /* TODO: This is not a good way to do this. */
                 uint8_t address[FRIEND_ADDRESS_SIZE];
-                memcpy(address, friend_list[i].client_id, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+                id_copy(address, friend_list[i].client_id);
                 memcpy(address + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES, &(friend_list[i].friendrequest_nospam), sizeof(uint32_t));
                 uint16_t checksum = address_checksum(address, FRIEND_ADDRESS_SIZE - sizeof(checksum));
                 memcpy(address + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES + sizeof(uint32_t), &checksum, sizeof(checksum));
@@ -2130,7 +2132,7 @@ static int messenger_load_state_callback(void *outer, uint8_t *data, uint32_t le
                     } else if (friends[i].status != 0) {
                         /* TODO: This is not a good way to do this. */
                         uint8_t address[FRIEND_ADDRESS_SIZE];
-                        memcpy(address, friends[i].client_id, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+                        id_copy(address, friends[i].client_id);
                         memcpy(address + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES, &(friends[i].friendrequest_nospam), sizeof(uint32_t));
                         uint16_t checksum = address_checksum(address, FRIEND_ADDRESS_SIZE - sizeof(checksum));
                         memcpy(address + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES + sizeof(uint32_t), &checksum, sizeof(checksum));
diff --git a/toxcore/friend_requests.c b/toxcore/friend_requests.c
index c821d998..67977c23 100644
--- a/toxcore/friend_requests.c
+++ b/toxcore/friend_requests.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "friend_requests.h"
+#include "util.h"
 
 /* Try to send a friend request to peer with public_key.
  * data is the data in the request and length is the length.
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ static void addto_receivedlist(Friend_Requests *fr, uint8_t *client_id)
     if (fr->received_requests_index >= MAX_RECEIVED_STORED)
         fr->received_requests_index = 0;
 
-    memcpy(fr->received_requests[fr->received_requests_index], client_id, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+    id_copy(fr->received_requests[fr->received_requests_index], client_id);
     ++fr->received_requests_index;
 }
 
@@ -115,10 +116,9 @@ static int request_received(Friend_Requests *fr, uint8_t *client_id)
 {
     uint32_t i;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_RECEIVED_STORED; ++i) {
-        if (memcmp(fr->received_requests[i], client_id, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES) == 0)
+    for (i = 0; i < MAX_RECEIVED_STORED; ++i)
+        if (id_equal(fr->received_requests[i], client_id))
             return 1;
-    }
 
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/toxcore/group_chats.c b/toxcore/group_chats.c
index 0d6d6972..8609e45b 100644
--- a/toxcore/group_chats.c
+++ b/toxcore/group_chats.c
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "group_chats.h"
-
+#include "util.h"
 
 #define GROUPCHAT_MAXDATA_LENGTH (MAX_DATA_SIZE - (1 + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES * 2 + crypto_box_NONCEBYTES))
 #define GROUPCHAT_MAXPLAINDATA_LENGTH (GROUPCHAT_MAXDATA_LENGTH - crypto_box_MACBYTES)
@@ -67,16 +67,14 @@ static int peer_in_chat(Group_Chat *chat, uint8_t *client_id)
 {
     uint32_t i;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < chat->numpeers; ++i) {
-        /* Equal */
-        if (memcmp(chat->group[i].client_id, client_id, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES) == 0)
+    for (i = 0; i < chat->numpeers; ++i)
+        if (id_equal(chat->group[i].client_id, client_id))
             return i;
-    }
 
     return -1;
 }
 
-#define BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT 30
+#define BAD_GROUPNODE_TIMEOUT 30
 
 /*
  * Check if peer is closer to us that the other peers in the list and if the peer is in the list.
@@ -87,19 +85,18 @@ static int peer_in_chat(Group_Chat *chat, uint8_t *client_id)
 static int peer_okping(Group_Chat *chat, uint8_t *client_id)
 {
     uint32_t i, j = 0;
-    uint64_t temp_time = unix_time();
 
-    if (memcmp(chat->self_public_key, client_id, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES) == 0)
+    if (id_equal(chat->self_public_key, client_id))
         return -1;
 
     for (i = 0; i < GROUP_CLOSE_CONNECTIONS; ++i) {
-        if (chat->close[i].last_recv + BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT < temp_time) {
+        if (is_timeout(chat->close[i].last_recv, BAD_GROUPNODE_TIMEOUT)) {
             ++j;
             continue;
         }
 
         /* Equal */
-        if (memcmp(chat->close[i].client_id, client_id, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES) == 0)
+        if (id_equal(chat->close[i].client_id, client_id))
             return -1;
 
         if (id_closest(chat->self_public_key, chat->close[i].client_id, client_id) == 2)
@@ -121,29 +118,28 @@ static int peer_okping(Group_Chat *chat, uint8_t *client_id)
 static int add_closepeer(Group_Chat *chat, uint8_t *client_id, IP_Port ip_port)
 {
     uint32_t i;
-    uint64_t temp_time = unix_time();
 
     for (i = 0; i < GROUP_CLOSE_CONNECTIONS; ++i) { /* Check if node is already in list, if it is update its last_recv */
-        if (memcmp(chat->close[i].client_id, client_id, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES) == 0) {
-            chat->close[i].last_recv = temp_time;
+        if (id_equal(chat->close[i].client_id, client_id)) {
+            chat->close[i].last_recv = unix_time();
             return 0;
         }
     }
 
     for (i = 0; i < GROUP_CLOSE_CONNECTIONS; ++i) { /* Try replacing bad nodes first */
-        if (chat->close[i].last_recv + BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT < temp_time) {
-            memcpy(chat->close[i].client_id, client_id, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+        if (is_timeout(chat->close[i].last_recv, BAD_GROUPNODE_TIMEOUT)) {
+            id_copy(chat->close[i].client_id, client_id);
             chat->close[i].ip_port = ip_port;
-            chat->close[i].last_recv = temp_time;
+            chat->close[i].last_recv = unix_time();
             return 0;
         }
     }
 
     for (i = 0; i < GROUP_CLOSE_CONNECTIONS; ++i) { /* Replace nodes if given one is closer. */
         if (id_closest(chat->self_public_key, chat->close[i].client_id, client_id) == 2) {
-            memcpy(chat->close[i].client_id, client_id, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+            id_copy(chat->close[i].client_id, client_id);
             chat->close[i].ip_port = ip_port;
-            chat->close[i].last_recv = temp_time;
+            chat->close[i].last_recv = unix_time();
             return 0;
         }
     }
@@ -154,7 +150,7 @@ static int add_closepeer(Group_Chat *chat, uint8_t *client_id, IP_Port ip_port)
 static int send_groupchatpacket(Group_Chat *chat, IP_Port ip_port, uint8_t *public_key, uint8_t *data, uint32_t length,
                                 uint8_t request_id)
 {
-    if (memcmp(chat->self_public_key, public_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES) == 0)
+    if (id_equal(chat->self_public_key, public_key))
         return -1;
 
     uint8_t packet[MAX_DATA_SIZE];
@@ -180,11 +176,12 @@ static uint8_t sendto_allpeers(Group_Chat *chat, uint8_t *data, uint16_t length,
 {
     uint16_t sent = 0;
     uint32_t i;
-    uint64_t temp_time = unix_time();
 
     for (i = 0; i < GROUP_CLOSE_CONNECTIONS; ++i) {
-        if (ip_isset(&chat->close[i].ip_port.ip) && chat->close[i].last_recv + BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT > temp_time) {
-            if (send_groupchatpacket(chat, chat->close[i].ip_port, chat->close[i].client_id, data, length, request_id) == 0)
+        if (ip_isset(&chat->close[i].ip_port.ip) &&
+                !is_timeout(chat->close[i].last_recv, BAD_GROUPNODE_TIMEOUT)) {
+            if (send_groupchatpacket(chat, chat->close[i].ip_port, chat->close[i].client_id,
+                                     data, length, request_id) == 0)
                 ++sent;
         }
     }
@@ -214,7 +211,7 @@ static int addpeer(Group_Chat *chat, uint8_t *client_id)
         return -1;
 
     chat->group = temp;
-    memcpy(chat->group[chat->numpeers].client_id, client_id, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+    id_copy(chat->group[chat->numpeers].client_id, client_id);
     ++chat->numpeers;
     return (chat->numpeers - 1);
 }
@@ -232,14 +229,11 @@ static int delpeer(Group_Chat *chat, uint8_t *client_id)
 
     for (i = 0; i < chat->numpeers; ++i) {
         /* Equal */
-        if (memcmp(chat->group[i].client_id, client_id, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES) == 0) {
+        if (id_equal(chat->group[i].client_id, client_id)) {
             --chat->numpeers;
 
-            if (chat->numpeers != i) {
-                memcpy( chat->group[i].client_id,
-                        chat->group[chat->numpeers].client_id,
-                        crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES );
-            }
+            if (chat->numpeers != i)
+                id_copy(chat->group[i].client_id, chat->group[chat->numpeers].client_id);
 
             temp = realloc(chat->group, sizeof(Group_Peer) * (chat->numpeers));
 
@@ -276,22 +270,23 @@ int group_peername(Group_Chat *chat, int peernum, uint8_t *name)
 
 
 /* min time between pings sent to one peer in seconds */
+/* TODO: move this to global section */
 #define PING_TIMEOUT 5
+
 static int send_getnodes(Group_Chat *chat, IP_Port ip_port, int peernum)
 {
     if ((uint32_t)peernum >= chat->numpeers)
         return -1;
 
-    uint64_t temp_time = unix_time();
-
-    getnodes_data contents;
-
-    if (chat->group[peernum].last_pinged + PING_TIMEOUT > temp_time)
+    if (!is_timeout(chat->group[peernum].last_pinged, PING_TIMEOUT))
         return -1;
 
+    getnodes_data contents;
     contents.pingid = ((uint64_t)random_int() << 32) + random_int();
-    chat->group[peernum].last_pinged = temp_time;
+
+    chat->group[peernum].last_pinged = unix_time();
     chat->group[peernum].pingid = contents.pingid;
+
     return send_groupchatpacket(chat, ip_port, chat->group[peernum].client_id, (uint8_t *)&contents, sizeof(contents), 48);
 }
 
@@ -303,11 +298,10 @@ static int send_sendnodes(Group_Chat *chat, IP_Port ip_port, int peernum, uint64
     sendnodes_data contents;
     contents.pingid = pingid;
     uint32_t i, j = 0;
-    uint64_t temp_time = unix_time();
 
     for (i = 0; i < GROUP_CLOSE_CONNECTIONS; ++i) {
-        if (chat->close[i].last_recv + BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT > temp_time) {
-            memcpy(contents.nodes[j].client_id, chat->close[i].client_id, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+        if (!is_timeout(chat->close[i].last_recv, BAD_GROUPNODE_TIMEOUT)) {
+            id_copy(contents.nodes[j].client_id, chat->close[i].client_id);
             contents.nodes[j].ip_port = chat->close[i].ip_port;
             ++j;
         }
@@ -346,7 +340,7 @@ static int handle_sendnodes(Group_Chat *chat, IP_Port source, int peernum, uint8
     if ((len - sizeof(uint64_t)) % sizeof(groupchat_nodes) != 0)
         return 1;
 
-    if (chat->group[peernum].last_pinged + PING_TIMEOUT < unix_time())
+    if (is_timeout(chat->group[peernum].last_pinged, PING_TIMEOUT))
         return 1;
 
     sendnodes_data contents;
@@ -376,7 +370,9 @@ static int handle_sendnodes(Group_Chat *chat, IP_Port source, int peernum, uint8
     add_closepeer(chat, chat->group[peernum].client_id, source);
     return 0;
 }
+
 #define GROUP_DATA_MIN_SIZE (crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES + sizeof(uint32_t) + 1)
+
 static int handle_data(Group_Chat *chat, uint8_t *data, uint32_t len)
 {
     if (len < GROUP_DATA_MIN_SIZE)
@@ -392,7 +388,6 @@ static int handle_data(Group_Chat *chat, uint8_t *data, uint32_t len)
     if (peernum == -1)
         return 1;
 
-    uint64_t temp_time = unix_time();
     /* Spam prevention (1 message per peer per second limit.)
 
         if (chat->group[peernum].last_recv == temp_time)
@@ -421,7 +416,8 @@ static int handle_data(Group_Chat *chat, uint8_t *data, uint32_t len)
             if (contents_len != 0)
                 return 1;
 
-            chat->group[peernum].last_recv_msgping = temp_time;
+            chat->group[peernum].last_recv_msgping = unix_time();
+            break;
 
         case 16: /* If message is new peer */
             if (contents_len != crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES)
@@ -463,7 +459,7 @@ static uint8_t send_data(Group_Chat *chat, uint8_t *data, uint32_t len, uint8_t
 
     uint32_t message_num = htonl(chat->message_number);
 //TODO
-    memcpy(packet, chat->self_public_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+    id_copy(packet, chat->self_public_key);
     memcpy(packet + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES, &message_num, sizeof(message_num));
     memcpy(packet + GROUP_DATA_MIN_SIZE, data, len);
     packet[crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES + sizeof(message_num)] = message_id;
@@ -489,7 +485,7 @@ int handle_groupchatpacket(Group_Chat *chat, IP_Port source, uint8_t *packet, ui
     if (len <= 0)
         return 1;
 
-    if (memcmp(chat->self_public_key, public_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES) == 0)
+    if (id_equal(chat->self_public_key, public_key))
         return 1;
 
     int peernum = peer_in_chat(chat, public_key);
@@ -548,16 +544,16 @@ Group_Chat *new_groupchat(Networking_Core *net)
 static void ping_close(Group_Chat *chat)
 {
     uint32_t i;
-    uint64_t temp_time = unix_time();
 
     for (i = 0; i < GROUP_CLOSE_CONNECTIONS; ++i) {
-        if (chat->close[i].last_recv < temp_time + BAD_NODE_TIMEOUT) {
+        /* previous condition was always true, assuming this is the wanted one: */
+        if (!is_timeout(chat->close[i].last_recv, BAD_GROUPNODE_TIMEOUT)) {
             int peernum = peer_in_chat(chat, chat->close[i].client_id);
 
             if (peernum == -1)
                 continue;
 
-            if (chat->group[peernum].last_pinged + NODE_PING_INTERVAL < temp_time)
+            if (is_timeout(chat->group[peernum].last_pinged, NODE_PING_INTERVAL))
                 send_getnodes(chat, chat->close[i].ip_port, peernum);
         }
     }
@@ -584,4 +580,3 @@ void chat_bootstrap_nonlazy(Group_Chat *chat, IP_Port ip_port, uint8_t *client_i
     send_getnodes(chat, ip_port, addpeer(chat, client_id));
     add_closepeer(chat, client_id, ip_port);
 }
-
diff --git a/toxcore/net_crypto.c b/toxcore/net_crypto.c
index b7e3ced7..0a7ff665 100644
--- a/toxcore/net_crypto.c
+++ b/toxcore/net_crypto.c
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "net_crypto.h"
+#include "util.h"
 
 #define CONN_NO_CONNECTION 0
 #define CONN_HANDSHAKE_SENT 1
@@ -268,8 +269,8 @@ int create_request(uint8_t *send_public_key, uint8_t *send_secret_key, uint8_t *
         return -1;
 
     packet[0] = NET_PACKET_CRYPTO;
-    memcpy(packet + 1, recv_public_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
-    memcpy(packet + 1 + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES, send_public_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+    id_copy(packet + 1, recv_public_key);
+    id_copy(packet + 1 + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES, send_public_key);
     memcpy(packet + 1 + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES * 2, nonce, crypto_box_NONCEBYTES);
 
     return len + 1 + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES * 2 + crypto_box_NONCEBYTES;
@@ -286,8 +287,8 @@ int handle_request(uint8_t *self_public_key, uint8_t *self_secret_key, uint8_t *
 {
     if (length > crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES * 2 + crypto_box_NONCEBYTES + 1 + ENCRYPTION_PADDING &&
             length <= MAX_DATA_SIZE) {
-        if (memcmp(packet + 1, self_public_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES) == 0) {
-            memcpy(public_key, packet + 1 + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+        if (id_equal(packet + 1, self_public_key)) {
+            id_copy(public_key, packet + 1 + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
             uint8_t nonce[crypto_box_NONCEBYTES];
             uint8_t temp[MAX_DATA_SIZE];
             memcpy(nonce, packet + 1 + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES * 2, crypto_box_NONCEBYTES);
@@ -323,7 +324,7 @@ static int cryptopacket_handle(void *object, IP_Port source, uint8_t *packet, ui
                 length > MAX_DATA_SIZE + ENCRYPTION_PADDING)
             return 1;
 
-        if (memcmp(packet + 1, dht->c->self_public_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES) == 0) { // Check if request is for us.
+        if (id_equal(packet + 1, dht->c->self_public_key)) { // Check if request is for us.
             uint8_t public_key[crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES];
             uint8_t data[MAX_DATA_SIZE];
             uint8_t number;
@@ -361,7 +362,7 @@ static int send_cryptohandshake(Net_Crypto *c, int connection_id, uint8_t *publi
 
     new_nonce(nonce);
     memcpy(temp, secret_nonce, crypto_box_NONCEBYTES);
-    memcpy(temp + crypto_box_NONCEBYTES, session_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+    id_copy(temp + crypto_box_NONCEBYTES, session_key);
 
     int len = encrypt_data(public_key, c->self_secret_key, nonce, temp, crypto_box_NONCEBYTES + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES,
                            1 + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES + crypto_box_NONCEBYTES + temp_data);
@@ -370,7 +371,7 @@ static int send_cryptohandshake(Net_Crypto *c, int connection_id, uint8_t *publi
         return 0;
 
     temp_data[0] = 2;
-    memcpy(temp_data + 1, c->self_public_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+    id_copy(temp_data + 1, c->self_public_key);
     memcpy(temp_data + 1 + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES, nonce, crypto_box_NONCEBYTES);
     return write_packet(c->lossless_udp, connection_id, temp_data,
                         len + 1 + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES + crypto_box_NONCEBYTES);
@@ -396,7 +397,7 @@ static int handle_cryptohandshake(Net_Crypto *c, uint8_t *public_key, uint8_t *s
 
     uint8_t temp[crypto_box_NONCEBYTES + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES];
 
-    memcpy(public_key, data + 1, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+    id_copy(public_key, data + 1);
 
     int len = decrypt_data(public_key, c->self_secret_key, data + 1 + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES,
                            data + 1 + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES + crypto_box_NONCEBYTES,
@@ -406,7 +407,7 @@ static int handle_cryptohandshake(Net_Crypto *c, uint8_t *public_key, uint8_t *s
         return 0;
 
     memcpy(secret_nonce, temp, crypto_box_NONCEBYTES);
-    memcpy(session_key, temp + crypto_box_NONCEBYTES, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+    id_copy(session_key, temp + crypto_box_NONCEBYTES);
     return 1;
 }
 
@@ -419,11 +420,10 @@ static int getcryptconnection_id(Net_Crypto *c, uint8_t *public_key)
 {
     uint32_t i;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < c->crypto_connections_length; ++i) {
+    for (i = 0; i < c->crypto_connections_length; ++i)
         if (c->crypto_connections[i].status != CONN_NO_CONNECTION)
-            if (memcmp(public_key, c->crypto_connections[i].public_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES) == 0)
+            if (id_equal(public_key, c->crypto_connections[i].public_key))
                 return i;
-    }
 
     return -1;
 }
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ int crypto_connect(Net_Crypto *c, uint8_t *public_key, IP_Port ip_port)
             c->crypto_connections[i].number = id_new;
             c->crypto_connections[i].status = CONN_HANDSHAKE_SENT;
             random_nonce(c->crypto_connections[i].recv_nonce);
-            memcpy(c->crypto_connections[i].public_key, public_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+            id_copy(c->crypto_connections[i].public_key, public_key);
             crypto_box_keypair(c->crypto_connections[i].sessionpublic_key, c->crypto_connections[i].sessionsecret_key);
             c->crypto_connections[i].timeout = unix_time() + CRYPTO_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT;
 
@@ -604,9 +604,9 @@ int accept_crypto_inbound(Net_Crypto *c, int connection_id, uint8_t *public_key,
             c->crypto_connections[i].timeout = unix_time() + CRYPTO_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT;
             random_nonce(c->crypto_connections[i].recv_nonce);
             memcpy(c->crypto_connections[i].sent_nonce, secret_nonce, crypto_box_NONCEBYTES);
-            memcpy(c->crypto_connections[i].peersessionpublic_key, session_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+            id_copy(c->crypto_connections[i].peersessionpublic_key, session_key);
             increment_nonce(c->crypto_connections[i].sent_nonce);
-            memcpy(c->crypto_connections[i].public_key, public_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+            id_copy(c->crypto_connections[i].public_key, public_key);
 
             crypto_box_keypair(c->crypto_connections[i].sessionpublic_key, c->crypto_connections[i].sessionsecret_key);
 
@@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ void new_keys(Net_Crypto *c)
  */
 void save_keys(Net_Crypto *c, uint8_t *keys)
 {
-    memcpy(keys, c->self_public_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+    id_copy(keys, c->self_public_key);
     memcpy(keys + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES, c->self_secret_key, crypto_box_SECRETKEYBYTES);
 }
 
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ void save_keys(Net_Crypto *c, uint8_t *keys)
  */
 void load_keys(Net_Crypto *c, uint8_t *keys)
 {
-    memcpy(c->self_public_key, keys, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+    id_copy(c->self_public_key, keys);
     memcpy(c->self_secret_key, keys + crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES, crypto_box_SECRETKEYBYTES);
 }
 
@@ -692,9 +692,9 @@ static void receive_crypto(Net_Crypto *c)
                 len = read_packet(c->lossless_udp, c->crypto_connections[i].number, temp_data);
 
                 if (handle_cryptohandshake(c, public_key, secret_nonce, session_key, temp_data, len)) {
-                    if (memcmp(public_key, c->crypto_connections[i].public_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES) == 0) {
+                    if (id_equal(public_key, c->crypto_connections[i].public_key)) {
                         memcpy(c->crypto_connections[i].sent_nonce, secret_nonce, crypto_box_NONCEBYTES);
-                        memcpy(c->crypto_connections[i].peersessionpublic_key, session_key, crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
+                        id_copy(c->crypto_connections[i].peersessionpublic_key, session_key);
                         increment_nonce(c->crypto_connections[i].sent_nonce);
                         uint32_t zero = 0;
                         encrypt_precompute(c->crypto_connections[i].peersessionpublic_key,
diff --git a/toxcore/network.h b/toxcore/network.h
index 1253c07e..11d6be67 100644
--- a/toxcore/network.h
+++ b/toxcore/network.h
@@ -97,9 +97,6 @@ typedef int sock_t;
 #define TOX_PORTRANGE_TO   33455
 #define TOX_PORT_DEFAULT   TOX_PORTRANGE_FROM
 
-/* Current time, unix format */
-#define unix_time() ((uint64_t)time(NULL))
-
 typedef union {
     uint8_t uint8[4];
     uint16_t uint16[2];
diff --git a/toxcore/ping.c b/toxcore/ping.c
index b9940ce1..e4bc16d9 100644
--- a/toxcore/ping.c
+++ b/toxcore/ping.c
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ typedef struct {
 
 static bool is_ping_timeout(uint64_t time)
 {
-    return (time + PING_TIMEOUT) < now();
+    return is_timeout(time, PING_TIMEOUT);
 }
 
 static void remove_timeouts(PING *ping)    // O(n)
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ static uint64_t add_ping(PING *ping, IP_Port ipp)  // O(n)
     p = (ping->pos_pings + ping->num_pings) % PING_NUM_MAX;
 
     ping->pings[p].ip_port   = ipp;
-    ping->pings[p].timestamp = now();
+    ping->pings[p].timestamp = unix_time();
     ping->pings[p].id        = random_64b();
 
     ping->num_pings++;
@@ -122,14 +122,14 @@ int send_ping_request(PING *ping, IP_Port ipp, uint8_t *client_id)
     int       rc;
     uint64_t  ping_id;
 
-    if (is_pinging(ping, ipp, 0) || id_eq(client_id, ping->c->self_public_key))
+    if (is_pinging(ping, ipp, 0) || id_equal(client_id, ping->c->self_public_key))
         return 1;
 
     // Generate random ping_id.
     ping_id = add_ping(ping, ipp);
 
     pk[0] = NET_PACKET_PING_REQUEST;
-    id_cpy(pk + 1, ping->c->self_public_key);     // Our pubkey
+    id_copy(pk + 1, ping->c->self_public_key);     // Our pubkey
     new_nonce(pk + 1 + CLIENT_ID_SIZE); // Generate new nonce
 
     // Encrypt ping_id using recipient privkey
@@ -150,11 +150,11 @@ static int send_ping_response(PING *ping, IP_Port ipp, uint8_t *client_id, uint6
     uint8_t   pk[DHT_PING_SIZE];
     int       rc;
 
-    if (id_eq(client_id, ping->c->self_public_key))
+    if (id_equal(client_id, ping->c->self_public_key))
         return 1;
 
     pk[0] = NET_PACKET_PING_RESPONSE;
-    id_cpy(pk + 1, ping->c->self_public_key);     // Our pubkey
+    id_copy(pk + 1, ping->c->self_public_key);     // Our pubkey
     new_nonce(pk + 1 + CLIENT_ID_SIZE); // Generate new nonce
 
     // Encrypt ping_id using recipient privkey
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ static int handle_ping_request(void *_dht, IP_Port source, uint8_t *packet, uint
 
     PING *ping = dht->ping;
 
-    if (id_eq(packet + 1, ping->c->self_public_key))
+    if (id_equal(packet + 1, ping->c->self_public_key))
         return 1;
 
     // Decrypt ping_id
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ static int handle_ping_response(void *_dht, IP_Port source, uint8_t *packet, uin
 
     PING *ping = dht->ping;
 
-    if (id_eq(packet + 1, ping->c->self_public_key))
+    if (id_equal(packet + 1, ping->c->self_public_key))
         return 1;
 
     // Decrypt ping_id
@@ -277,19 +277,12 @@ int add_toping(PING *ping, uint8_t *client_id, IP_Port ip_port)
 /* Ping all the valid nodes in the toping list every TIME_TOPING seconds.
  * This function must be run at least once every TIME_TOPING seconds.
  */
-static int is_timeout(uint64_t time_now, uint64_t timestamp, uint64_t timeout)
-{
-    return timestamp + timeout <= time_now;
-}
-
 void do_toping(PING *ping)
 {
-    uint64_t temp_time = unix_time();
-
-    if (!is_timeout(temp_time, ping->last_toping, TIME_TOPING))
+    if (!is_timeout(ping->last_toping, TIME_TOPING))
         return;
 
-    ping->last_toping = temp_time;
+    ping->last_toping = unix_time();
     uint32_t i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_TOPING; ++i) {
diff --git a/toxcore/util.c b/toxcore/util.c
index a1de6392..3fdac9dd 100644
--- a/toxcore/util.c
+++ b/toxcore/util.c
@@ -16,11 +16,6 @@
 
 #include "util.h"
 
-uint64_t now()
-{
-    return time(NULL);
-}
-
 uint64_t random_64b()
 {
     uint64_t r;
@@ -33,16 +28,39 @@ uint64_t random_64b()
     return r;
 }
 
-bool id_eq(uint8_t *dest, uint8_t *src)
+/* don't call into system billions of times for no reason */
+static uint64_t unix_time_value;
+
+void unix_time_update()
+{
+    unix_time_value = (uint64_t)time(NULL);
+}
+
+uint64_t unix_time()
+{
+    return unix_time_value;
+}
+
+int is_timeout(uint64_t timestamp, uint64_t timeout)
+{
+    return timestamp + timeout <= unix_time_value;
+}
+
+
+/* id functions */
+bool id_equal(uint8_t *dest, uint8_t *src)
 {
     return memcmp(dest, src, CLIENT_ID_SIZE) == 0;
 }
 
-void id_cpy(uint8_t *dest, uint8_t *src)
+uint32_t id_copy(uint8_t *dest, uint8_t *src)
 {
     memcpy(dest, src, CLIENT_ID_SIZE);
+    return CLIENT_ID_SIZE;
 }
 
+
+/* state load/save */
 int load_state(load_state_callback_func load_state_callback, void *outer,
                uint8_t *data, uint32_t length, uint16_t cookie_inner)
 {
diff --git a/toxcore/util.h b/toxcore/util.h
index 13ab4792..3ecefd9c 100644
--- a/toxcore/util.h
+++ b/toxcore/util.h
@@ -11,11 +11,19 @@
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-uint64_t now();
 uint64_t random_64b();
-bool id_eq(uint8_t *dest, uint8_t *src);
-void id_cpy(uint8_t *dest, uint8_t *src);
 
+void unix_time_update();
+uint64_t unix_time();
+int is_timeout(uint64_t timestamp, uint64_t timeout);
+
+
+/* id functions */
+bool id_equal(uint8_t *dest, uint8_t *src);
+uint32_t id_copy(uint8_t *dest, uint8_t *src); /* return value is CLIENT_ID_SIZE */
+
+
+/* state load/save */
 typedef int (*load_state_callback_func)(void *outer, uint8_t *data, uint32_t len, uint16_t type);
 int load_state(load_state_callback_func load_state_callback, void *outer,
                uint8_t *data, uint32_t length, uint16_t cookie_inner);