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Add Transmission control protocol (TCP) section

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Donne Martin 2017-03-01 20:44:16 -08:00
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@ -1472,3 +1472,27 @@ HTTP is an application layer protocol relying on lower-level protocols such as *
* [HTTP](https://www.nginx.com/resources/glossary/http/)
* [README](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-HTTP-protocol-and-TCP-protocol)
### Transmission control protocol (TCP)
<p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/JdAsdvG.jpg">
<br/>
<i><a href=http://www.wildbunny.co.uk/blog/2012/10/09/how-to-make-a-multi-player-game-part-1/>Source: How to make a multiplayer game</a></i>
</p>
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol over an [IP network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol). Connection is established and terminated using a [handshake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handshaking). All packets sent are guaranteed to reach the destination in the original order and without corruption through:
* Sequence numbers and [checksum fields](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol#Checksum_computation) for each packet
* [Acknowledgement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acknowledgement_(data_networks)) packets and automatic retransmission
If the sender does not receive a correct response, it will resend the packets. If there are multiple timeouts, the connection is dropped. TCP also implements [flow control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_control_(data)) and [congestion control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_congestion#Congestion_control). These guarantees cause delays and generally results in less efficient transmission than UDP.
To ensure high throughput, web servers can keep a large number of TCP connections open, resulting in high memory usage. It can be expensive to have a large number of open connections between web server threads and say, a [memcached](#memcached) server. [Connection pooling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connection_pool) can help in addition to switching to UDP where applicable.
TCP is useful for applications that require high reliability but are less time critical. Some examples include web servers, database info, SMTP, FTP, and SSH.
Use TCP over UDP when:
* You need all of the data to arrive in tact
* You want to automatically make a best estimate use of the network throughput