// The MIT License (MIT)

// Copyright (c) 2013-2017 Rapptz, ThePhD and contributors

// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
// this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
// the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
// use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
// the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
// subject to the following conditions:

// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
// copies or substantial portions of the Software.

// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
// FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
// COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
// IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
// CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

// This file was generated with a script.
// Generated 2017-09-01 00:38:40.996447 UTC
// This header was generated with sol v2.18.1 (revision 3549bfa)
// https://github.com/ThePhD/sol2

#ifndef SOL_SINGLE_INCLUDE_HPP
#define SOL_SINGLE_INCLUDE_HPP

// beginning of sol.hpp

#ifndef SOL_HPP
#define SOL_HPP

#if defined(UE_BUILD_DEBUG) || defined(UE_BUILD_DEVELOPMENT) || defined(UE_BUILD_TEST) || defined(UE_BUILD_SHIPPING) || defined(UE_SERVER)
#define SOL_INSIDE_UNREAL
#endif // Unreal Engine 4 bullshit

#ifdef SOL_INSIDE_UNREAL
#ifdef check
#define SOL_INSIDE_UNREAL_REMOVED_CHECK
#undef check
#endif 
#endif // Unreal Engine 4 Bullshit

#ifdef __GNUC__
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wshadow"
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
#if __GNUC__ > 6
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wnoexcept-type"
#endif
#elif defined _MSC_VER
#pragma warning( push )
#pragma warning( disable : 4324 ) // structure was padded due to alignment specifier
#pragma warning( disable : 4503 ) // decorated name horse shit
#pragma warning( disable : 4702 ) // unreachable code
#endif // g++

// beginning of sol/forward.hpp

// beginning of sol/feature_test.hpp

#if (defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus == 201703L) || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER > 1900 && ((defined(_HAS_CXX17) && _HAS_CXX17 == 1) || (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && _MSVC_LANG > 201402)))
	#ifndef SOL_CXX17_FEATURES
		#define SOL_CXX17_FEATURES 1
	#endif // C++17 features macro
#endif // C++17 features check

#if defined(__cpp_noexcept_function_type)
	#ifndef SOL_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE
		#define SOL_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE 1
	#endif // noexcept is part of a function's type
#endif

#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_MSC_VER)
	#ifndef SOL_CODECVT_SUPPORT
		#define SOL_CODECVT_SUPPORT 1
	#endif // sol codecvt support
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
	#if __GNUC__ >= 5
		#ifndef SOL_CODECVT_SUPPORT
			#define SOL_CODECVT_SUPPORT 1
		#endif // codecvt support
	#endif // g++ 5.x.x (MinGW too)
#else
	// Clang sucks and doesn't really utilize codecvt support,
	// not without checking the library versions explicitly (and we're not gonna do that)
#endif // Windows/VC++ vs. g++ vs Others

#ifdef _MSC_VER
	#ifdef _DEBUG
		#ifndef NDEBUG
			#ifndef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
				// Do not define by default: let user turn it on
				//#define SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			#endif // Check Arguments
			#ifndef SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE
				#define SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE
			#endif // Safe Usertypes
		#endif // NDEBUG
	#endif // Debug

	#ifndef _CPPUNWIND
		#ifndef SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS
		#define SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS 1
		#endif
	#endif // Automatic Exceptions

	#ifndef _CPPRTTI
		#ifndef SOL_NO_RTTI
		#define SOL_NO_RTTI 1
		#endif
	#endif // Automatic RTTI
#elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)

	#ifndef NDEBUG
		#ifndef __OPTIMIZE__
			#ifndef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			// Do not define by default: let user choose
			//#define SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			// But do check userdata by default:
			#endif // Check Arguments
			#ifndef SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE
				#define SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE
			#endif // Safe Usertypes
		#endif // g++ optimizer flag
	#endif // Not Debug

	#ifndef __EXCEPTIONS
		#ifndef SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS
			#define SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS 1
		#endif
	#endif // No Exceptions

	#ifndef __GXX_RTTI
		#ifndef SOL_NO_RTII
			#define SOL_NO_RTTI 1
		#endif
	#endif // No RTTI

#endif // vc++ || clang++/g++

#ifndef SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE
	#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
		#define SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE
	#endif // Turn on Safety for all
#endif // Safe Usertypes

// end of sol/feature_test.hpp

namespace sol {

	class reference;
	class stack_reference;
	struct proxy_base_tag;
	template <typename Table, typename Key>
	struct proxy;
	template<typename T>
	class usertype;
	template<typename T>
	class simple_usertype;
	template <bool, typename T>
	class basic_table_core;
	template <bool b>
	using table_core = basic_table_core<b, reference>;
	template <bool b>
	using stack_table_core = basic_table_core<b, stack_reference>;
	template <typename T>
	using basic_table = basic_table_core<false, T>;
	typedef table_core<false> table;
	typedef table_core<true> global_table;
	typedef stack_table_core<false> stack_table;
	typedef stack_table_core<true> stack_global_table;
	template <typename base_t>
	struct basic_environment;
	using environment = basic_environment<reference>;
	using stack_environment = basic_environment<stack_reference>;
	template <typename T, bool>
	class basic_function;
	template <typename T, bool, typename H>
	class basic_protected_function;
	using unsafe_function = basic_function<reference, false>;
	using safe_function = basic_protected_function<reference, false, reference>;
	using stack_unsafe_function = basic_function<stack_reference, false>;
	using stack_safe_function = basic_protected_function<stack_reference, false, reference>;
	using stack_aligned_unsafe_function = basic_function<stack_reference, true>;
	using stack_aligned_safe_function = basic_protected_function<stack_reference, true, reference>;
	using protected_function = safe_function;
	using stack_protected_function = stack_safe_function;
	using stack_aligned_protected_function = stack_aligned_safe_function;
#ifdef SOL_SAFE_FUNCTIONS
	using function = protected_function;
	using stack_function = stack_protected_function;
	using stack_aligned_function = stack_aligned_safe_function;
#else
	using function = unsafe_function;
	using stack_function = stack_unsafe_function;
	using stack_aligned_function = stack_aligned_unsafe_function;
#endif
	using stack_aligned_stack_handler_function = basic_protected_function<stack_reference, true, stack_reference>;

	struct function_result;
	struct protected_function_result;
	using safe_function_result = protected_function_result;
	using unsafe_function_result = function_result;
	template <typename base_t>
	class basic_object;
	template <typename base_t>
	class basic_userdata;
	template <typename base_t>
	class basic_lightuserdata;
	using object = basic_object<reference>;
	using stack_object = basic_object<stack_reference>;
	using userdata = basic_userdata<reference>;
	using stack_userdata = basic_userdata<stack_reference>;
	using lightuserdata = basic_lightuserdata<reference>;
	using stack_lightuserdata = basic_lightuserdata<stack_reference>;
	class coroutine;
	class thread;
	struct variadic_args;
	struct variadic_results;
	struct stack_count;
	struct this_state;
	struct this_environment;
	template <typename T>
	struct as_table_t;
	template <typename T>
	struct as_container_t;
	template <typename T>
	struct nested;
	template <typename T>
	struct light;
	template <typename T>
	struct user;
	template <typename T>
	struct as_args_t;
	template <typename T>
	struct protect_t;
	template <typename F, typename... Filters>
	struct filter_wrapper;
} // sol

// end of sol/forward.hpp

// beginning of sol/state.hpp

// beginning of sol/state_view.hpp

// beginning of sol/error.hpp

#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>

namespace sol {
	namespace detail {
		struct direct_error_tag {};
		const auto direct_error = direct_error_tag{};
	} // detail
	
	class error : public std::runtime_error {
	private:
		// Because VC++ is a fuccboi
		std::string w;
	public:
		error(const std::string& str) : error(detail::direct_error, "lua: error: " + str) {}
		error(std::string&& str) : error(detail::direct_error, "lua: error: " + std::move(str)) {}
		error(detail::direct_error_tag, const std::string& str) : std::runtime_error(""), w(str) {}
		error(detail::direct_error_tag, std::string&& str) : std::runtime_error(""), w(std::move(str)) {}

		error(const error& e) = default;
		error(error&& e) = default;
		error& operator=(const error& e) = default;
		error& operator=(error&& e) = default;

		virtual const char* what() const noexcept override {
			return w.c_str();
		}
	};

} // sol

// end of sol/error.hpp

// beginning of sol/table.hpp

// beginning of sol/table_core.hpp

// beginning of sol/proxy.hpp

// beginning of sol/traits.hpp

// beginning of sol/tuple.hpp

#include <tuple>
#include <cstddef>

namespace sol {
	namespace detail {
		using swallow = std::initializer_list<int>;
	} // detail

	template<typename... Args>
	struct types { typedef std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args)> indices; static constexpr std::size_t size() { return sizeof...(Args); } };
	namespace meta {
		namespace detail {
			template<typename... Args>
			struct tuple_types_ { typedef types<Args...> type; };

			template<typename... Args>
			struct tuple_types_<std::tuple<Args...>> { typedef types<Args...> type; };
		} // detail

		template<typename T>
		using unqualified = std::remove_cv<std::remove_reference_t<T>>;

		template<typename T>
		using unqualified_t = typename unqualified<T>::type;

		template<typename... Args>
		using tuple_types = typename detail::tuple_types_<Args...>::type;

		template<typename Arg>
		struct pop_front_type;

		template<typename Arg>
		using pop_front_type_t = typename pop_front_type<Arg>::type;

		template<typename... Args>
		struct pop_front_type<types<Args...>> { typedef void front_type; typedef types<Args...> type; };

		template<typename Arg, typename... Args>
		struct pop_front_type<types<Arg, Args...>> { typedef Arg front_type; typedef types<Args...> type; };

		template <std::size_t N, typename Tuple>
		using tuple_element = std::tuple_element<N, unqualified_t<Tuple>>;

		template <std::size_t N, typename Tuple>
		using tuple_element_t = std::tuple_element_t<N, unqualified_t<Tuple>>;

		template <std::size_t N, typename Tuple>
		using unqualified_tuple_element = unqualified<tuple_element_t<N, Tuple>>;

		template <std::size_t N, typename Tuple>
		using unqualified_tuple_element_t = unqualified_t<tuple_element_t<N, Tuple>>;

	} // meta
} // sol

// end of sol/tuple.hpp

// beginning of sol/bind_traits.hpp

namespace sol {
	namespace meta {
		namespace meta_detail {

			template<class F>
			struct check_deducible_signature {
				struct nat {};
				template<class G>
				static auto test(int) -> decltype(&G::operator(), void());
				template<class>
				static auto test(...)->nat;

				using type = std::is_void<decltype(test<F>(0))>;
			};
		} // meta_detail

		template<class F>
		struct has_deducible_signature : meta_detail::check_deducible_signature<F>::type { };

		namespace meta_detail {

			template <std::size_t I, typename T>
			struct void_tuple_element : meta::tuple_element<I, T> {};

			template <std::size_t I>
			struct void_tuple_element<I, std::tuple<>> { typedef void type; };

			template <std::size_t I, typename T>
			using void_tuple_element_t = typename void_tuple_element<I, T>::type;

			template <bool it_is_noexcept, bool has_c_variadic, typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct basic_traits {
			private:
				typedef std::conditional_t<std::is_void<T>::value, int, T>& first_type;

			public:
				static const bool is_noexcept = it_is_noexcept;
				static const bool is_member_function = std::is_void<T>::value;
				static const bool has_c_var_arg = has_c_variadic;
				static const std::size_t arity = sizeof...(Args);
				static const std::size_t free_arity = sizeof...(Args)+static_cast<std::size_t>(!std::is_void<T>::value);
				typedef types<Args...> args_list;
				typedef std::tuple<Args...> args_tuple;
				typedef T object_type;
				typedef R return_type;
				typedef tuple_types<R> returns_list;
				typedef R(function_type)(Args...);
				typedef std::conditional_t<std::is_void<T>::value, args_list, types<first_type, Args...>> free_args_list;
				typedef std::conditional_t<std::is_void<T>::value, R(Args...), R(first_type, Args...)> free_function_type;
				typedef std::conditional_t<std::is_void<T>::value, R(*)(Args...), R(*)(first_type, Args...)> free_function_pointer_type;
				typedef std::remove_pointer_t<free_function_pointer_type> signature_type;
				template<std::size_t i>
				using arg_at = void_tuple_element_t<i, args_tuple>;
			};

			template<typename Signature, bool b = has_deducible_signature<Signature>::value>
			struct fx_traits : basic_traits<false, false, void, void> {};

			// Free Functions
			template<typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(Args...), false> : basic_traits<false, false, void, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(*function_pointer_type)(Args...);
			};

			template<typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(*)(Args...), false> : basic_traits<false, false, void, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(*function_pointer_type)(Args...);
			};

			template<typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(Args..., ...), false> : basic_traits<false, true, void, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...);
			};

			template<typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(*)(Args..., ...), false> : basic_traits<false, true, void, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...);
			};

			// Member Functions
			/* C-Style Variadics */
			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args...), false> : basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...);
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args..., ...), false> : basic_traits<false, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...);
			};

			/* Const Volatile */
			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args...) const, false> : basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args..., ...) const, false> : basic_traits<false, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args...) const volatile, false> : basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile, false> : basic_traits<false, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const volatile;
			};

			/* Member Function Qualifiers */
			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args...) &, false> : basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) &;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args..., ...) &, false> : basic_traits<false, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) &;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args...) const &, false> : basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const &;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args..., ...) const &, false> : basic_traits<false, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const &;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args...) const volatile &, false> : basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile &;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile &, false> : basic_traits<false, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const volatile &;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args...) && , false> : basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) && ;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args..., ...) && , false> : basic_traits<false, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) && ;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args...) const &&, false> : basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const &&;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args..., ...) const &&, false> : basic_traits<false, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const &&;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args...) const volatile &&, false> : basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile &&;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile &&, false> : basic_traits<false, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const volatile &&;
			};

#ifdef SOL_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE

			template<typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(Args...) noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, false, void, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(*function_pointer_type)(Args...) noexcept;
			};

			template<typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(*)(Args...) noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, false, void, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(*function_pointer_type)(Args...) noexcept;
			};

			template<typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(Args..., ...) noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, true, void, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) noexcept;
			};

			template<typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(*)(Args..., ...) noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, true, void, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args...) noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args..., ...) noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) noexcept;
			};

			/* Const Volatile */
			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args...) const noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args..., ...) const noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args...) const volatile noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const volatile noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args...) & noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) & noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args..., ...) & noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) & noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args...) const & noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const & noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args..., ...) const & noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const & noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args...) const volatile & noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile & noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile & noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const volatile & noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args...) && noexcept , false> : basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) && noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args..., ...) && noexcept , false> : basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) && noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args...) const && noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const && noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args..., ...) const && noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const && noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args...) const volatile && noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile && noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(T::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile && noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const volatile && noexcept;
			};

#endif // noexcept is part of a function's type

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_IX86)
			template<typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R __stdcall (Args...), false> : basic_traits<false, false, void, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(__stdcall *function_pointer_type)(Args...);
			};

			template<typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(__stdcall *)(Args...), false> : basic_traits<false, false, void, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(__stdcall *function_pointer_type)(Args...);
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args...), false> : basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...);
			};

			/* Const Volatile */
			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args...) const, false> : basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args...) const volatile, false> : basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile;
			};

			/* Member Function Qualifiers */
			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args...) &, false> : basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) &;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args...) const &, false> : basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const &;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args...) const volatile &, false> : basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile &;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args...) && , false> : basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) && ;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args...) const &&, false> : basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const &&;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args...) const volatile &&, false> : basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile &&;
			};

#ifdef SOL_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE

			template<typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(Args...) noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, false, void, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(__stdcall *function_pointer_type)(Args...) noexcept;
			};

			template<typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(*)(Args...) noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, false, void, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(__stdcall *function_pointer_type)(Args...) noexcept;
			};

			template<typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(Args..., ...) noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, true, void, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(__stdcall *function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) noexcept;
			};

			template<typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R(*)(Args..., ...) noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, true, void, R, Args...> {
				typedef R(__stdcall *function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args...) noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args..., ...) noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) noexcept;
			};

			/* Const Volatile */
			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args...) const noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args..., ...) const noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args...) const volatile noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const volatile noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args...) & noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) & noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args..., ...) & noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) & noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args...) const & noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const & noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args..., ...) const & noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const & noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args...) const volatile & noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile & noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile & noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const volatile & noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args...) && noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) && noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args..., ...) && noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) && noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args...) const && noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const && noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args..., ...) const && noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const && noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args...) const volatile && noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile && noexcept;
			};

			template<typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
			struct fx_traits<R( __stdcall T::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile && noexcept, false> : basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
				typedef R( __stdcall T::* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const volatile && noexcept;
			};
#endif // noexcept is part of a function's type
#endif // __stdcall x86 VC++ bug

			template<typename Signature>
			struct fx_traits<Signature, true> : fx_traits<typename fx_traits<decltype(&Signature::operator())>::function_type, false> {};

			template<typename Signature, bool b = std::is_member_object_pointer<Signature>::value>
			struct callable_traits : fx_traits<std::decay_t<Signature>> {

			};

			template<typename R, typename T>
			struct callable_traits<R(T::*), true> {
				typedef R Arg;
				typedef T object_type;
				using signature_type = R(T::*);
				static const bool is_noexcept = false;
				static const bool is_member_function = false;
				static const std::size_t arity = 1;
				static const std::size_t free_arity = 2;
				typedef std::tuple<Arg> args_tuple;
				typedef R return_type;
				typedef types<Arg> args_list;
				typedef types<T, Arg> free_args_list;
				typedef meta::tuple_types<R> returns_list;
				typedef R(function_type)(T&, R);
				typedef R(*function_pointer_type)(T&, R);
				typedef R(*free_function_pointer_type)(T&, R);
				template<std::size_t i>
				using arg_at = void_tuple_element_t<i, args_tuple>;
			};

		} // meta_detail

		template<typename Signature>
		struct bind_traits : meta_detail::callable_traits<Signature> {};

		template<typename Signature>
		using function_args_t = typename bind_traits<Signature>::args_list;

		template<typename Signature>
		using function_signature_t = typename bind_traits<Signature>::signature_type;

		template<typename Signature>
		using function_return_t = typename bind_traits<Signature>::return_type;

	} // meta
} // sol

// end of sol/bind_traits.hpp

#include <type_traits>
#include <memory>
#include <functional>
#include <iterator>
#include <iosfwd>
#ifdef SOL_CXX17_FEATURES
#include <string_view>
#endif

namespace sol {
	template<std::size_t I>
	using index_value = std::integral_constant<std::size_t, I>;

	namespace meta {
		template<typename T>
		struct identity { typedef T type; };

		template<typename T>
		using identity_t = typename identity<T>::type;

		template<typename... Args>
		struct is_tuple : std::false_type { };

		template<typename... Args>
		struct is_tuple<std::tuple<Args...>> : std::true_type { };

		template <typename T>
		struct is_builtin_type : std::integral_constant<bool, std::is_arithmetic<T>::value || std::is_pointer<T>::value || std::is_array<T>::value> {};

		template<typename T>
		struct unwrapped {
			typedef T type;
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct unwrapped<std::reference_wrapper<T>> {
			typedef T type;
		};

		template<typename T>
		using unwrapped_t = typename unwrapped<T>::type;

		template <typename T>
		struct unwrap_unqualified : unwrapped<unqualified_t<T>> {};

		template <typename T>
		using unwrap_unqualified_t = typename unwrap_unqualified<T>::type;

		template<typename T>
		struct remove_member_pointer;

		template<typename R, typename T>
		struct remove_member_pointer<R T::*> {
			typedef R type;
		};

		template<typename R, typename T>
		struct remove_member_pointer<R T::* const> {
			typedef R type;
		};

		template<typename T>
		using remove_member_pointer_t = remove_member_pointer<T>;

		template<template<typename...> class Templ, typename T>
		struct is_specialization_of : std::false_type { };
		template<typename... T, template<typename...> class Templ>
		struct is_specialization_of<Templ, Templ<T...>> : std::true_type { };

		template<class T, class...>
		struct all_same : std::true_type { };

		template<class T, class U, class... Args>
		struct all_same<T, U, Args...> : std::integral_constant <bool, std::is_same<T, U>::value && all_same<T, Args...>::value> { };

		template<class T, class...>
		struct any_same : std::false_type { };

		template<class T, class U, class... Args>
		struct any_same<T, U, Args...> : std::integral_constant <bool, std::is_same<T, U>::value || any_same<T, Args...>::value> {};

		template<bool B>
		using boolean = std::integral_constant<bool, B>;

		template<typename T>
		using invoke_t = typename T::type;

		template <typename T>
		using invoke_b = boolean<T::value>;

		template<typename T>
		using neg = boolean<!T::value>;

		template<typename Condition, typename Then, typename Else>
		using condition = std::conditional_t<Condition::value, Then, Else>;

		template<typename... Args>
		struct all : boolean<true> {};

		template<typename T, typename... Args>
		struct all<T, Args...> : condition<T, all<Args...>, boolean<false>> {};

		template<typename... Args>
		struct any : boolean<false> {};

		template<typename T, typename... Args>
		struct any<T, Args...> : condition<T, boolean<true>, any<Args...>> {};

		enum class enable_t {
			_
		};

		constexpr const auto enabler = enable_t::_;

		template<bool value, typename T = void>
		using disable_if_t = std::enable_if_t<!value, T>;

		template<typename... Args>
		using enable = std::enable_if_t<all<Args...>::value, enable_t>;

		template<typename... Args>
		using disable = std::enable_if_t<neg<all<Args...>>::value, enable_t>;

		template<typename... Args>
		using disable_any = std::enable_if_t<neg<any<Args...>>::value, enable_t>;

		template<typename V, typename... Vs>
		struct find_in_pack_v : boolean<false> { };

		template<typename V, typename Vs1, typename... Vs>
		struct find_in_pack_v<V, Vs1, Vs...> : any<boolean<(V::value == Vs1::value)>, find_in_pack_v<V, Vs...>> { };

		namespace meta_detail {
			template<std::size_t I, typename T, typename... Args>
			struct index_in_pack : std::integral_constant<std::size_t, SIZE_MAX> { };

			template<std::size_t I, typename T, typename T1, typename... Args>
			struct index_in_pack<I, T, T1, Args...> : std::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, T1>::value, std::integral_constant<std::ptrdiff_t, I>, index_in_pack<I + 1, T, Args...>> { };
		}

		template<typename T, typename... Args>
		struct index_in_pack : meta_detail::index_in_pack<0, T, Args...> { };

		template<typename T, typename List>
		struct index_in : meta_detail::index_in_pack<0, T, List> { };

		template<typename T, typename... Args>
		struct index_in<T, types<Args...>> : meta_detail::index_in_pack<0, T, Args...> { };

		template<std::size_t I, typename... Args>
		struct at_in_pack {};

		template<std::size_t I, typename... Args>
		using at_in_pack_t = typename at_in_pack<I, Args...>::type;

		template<std::size_t I, typename Arg, typename... Args>
		struct at_in_pack<I, Arg, Args...> : std::conditional<I == 0, Arg, at_in_pack_t<I - 1, Args...>> {};

		template<typename Arg, typename... Args>
		struct at_in_pack<0, Arg, Args...> { typedef Arg type; };

		namespace meta_detail {
			template<std::size_t Limit, std::size_t I, template<typename...> class Pred, typename... Ts>
			struct count_for_pack : std::integral_constant<std::size_t, 0> {};
			template<std::size_t Limit, std::size_t I, template<typename...> class Pred, typename T, typename... Ts>
			struct count_for_pack<Limit, I, Pred, T, Ts...> : std::conditional_t < sizeof...(Ts) == 0 || Limit < 2,
				std::integral_constant<std::size_t, I + static_cast<std::size_t>(Limit != 0 && Pred<T>::value)>,
				count_for_pack<Limit - 1, I + static_cast<std::size_t>(Pred<T>::value), Pred, Ts...>
			> { };
			template<std::size_t I, template<typename...> class Pred, typename... Ts>
			struct count_2_for_pack : std::integral_constant<std::size_t, 0> {};
			template<std::size_t I, template<typename...> class Pred, typename T, typename U, typename... Ts>
			struct count_2_for_pack<I, Pred, T, U, Ts...> : std::conditional_t<sizeof...(Ts) == 0,
				std::integral_constant<std::size_t, I + static_cast<std::size_t>(Pred<T>::value)>,
				count_2_for_pack<I + static_cast<std::size_t>(Pred<T>::value), Pred, Ts...>
			> { };
		} // meta_detail

		template<template<typename...> class Pred, typename... Ts>
		struct count_for_pack : meta_detail::count_for_pack<sizeof...(Ts), 0, Pred, Ts...> { };

		template<template<typename...> class Pred, typename List>
		struct count_for;

		template<template<typename...> class Pred, typename... Args>
		struct count_for<Pred, types<Args...>> : count_for_pack<Pred, Args...> {};

		template<std::size_t Limit, template<typename...> class Pred, typename... Ts>
		struct count_for_to_pack : meta_detail::count_for_pack<Limit, 0, Pred, Ts...> { };

		template<template<typename...> class Pred, typename... Ts>
		struct count_2_for_pack : meta_detail::count_2_for_pack<0, Pred, Ts...> { };

		template<typename... Args>
		struct return_type {
			typedef std::tuple<Args...> type;
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct return_type<T> {
			typedef T type;
		};

		template<>
		struct return_type<> {
			typedef void type;
		};

		template <typename... Args>
		using return_type_t = typename return_type<Args...>::type;

		namespace meta_detail {
			template <typename> struct always_true : std::true_type {};
			struct is_invokable_tester {
				template <typename Fun, typename... Args>
				always_true<decltype(std::declval<Fun>()(std::declval<Args>()...))> static test(int);
				template <typename...>
				std::false_type static test(...);
			};
		} // meta_detail

		template <typename T>
		struct is_invokable;
		template <typename Fun, typename... Args>
		struct is_invokable<Fun(Args...)> : decltype(meta_detail::is_invokable_tester::test<Fun, Args...>(0)) {};

		namespace meta_detail {

			template<typename T, typename = void>
			struct is_callable : std::is_function<std::remove_pointer_t<T>> {};

			template<typename T>
			struct is_callable<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_class<unqualified_t<T>>::value && std::is_destructible<unqualified_t<T>>::value>> {
				using yes = char;
				using no = struct { char s[2]; };

				struct F { void operator()(); };
				struct Derived : T, F { };
				template<typename U, U> struct Check;

				template<typename V>
				static no test(Check<void (F::*)(), &V::operator()>*);

				template<typename>
				static yes test(...);

				static const bool value = sizeof(test<Derived>(0)) == sizeof(yes);
			};

			template<typename T>
			struct is_callable<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_class<unqualified_t<T>>::value && !std::is_destructible<unqualified_t<T>>::value>> {
				using yes = char;
				using no = struct { char s[2]; };

				struct F { void operator()(); };
				struct Derived : T, F { ~Derived() = delete; };
				template<typename U, U> struct Check;

				template<typename V>
				static no test(Check<void (F::*)(), &V::operator()>*);

				template<typename>
				static yes test(...);

				static const bool value = sizeof(test<Derived>(0)) == sizeof(yes);
			};

			struct has_begin_end_impl {
				template<typename T, typename U = unqualified_t<T>,
					typename B = decltype(std::declval<U&>().begin()),
					typename E = decltype(std::declval<U&>().end())>
					static std::true_type test(int);

				template<typename...>
				static std::false_type test(...);
			};

			struct has_key_type_impl {
				template<typename T, typename U = unqualified_t<T>,
					typename V = typename U::key_type>
					static std::true_type test(int);

				template<typename...>
				static std::false_type test(...);
			};

			struct has_mapped_type_impl {
				template<typename T, typename U = unqualified_t<T>,
					typename V = typename U::mapped_type>
					static std::true_type test(int);

				template<typename...>
				static std::false_type test(...);
			};

			struct has_value_type_impl {
				template<typename T, typename U = unqualified_t<T>,
					typename V = typename U::value_type>
					static std::true_type test(int);

				template<typename...>
				static std::false_type test(...);
			};

			struct has_iterator_impl {
				template<typename T, typename U = unqualified_t<T>,
					typename V = typename U::iterator>
					static std::true_type test(int);

				template<typename...>
				static std::false_type test(...);
			};

			struct has_key_value_pair_impl {
				template<typename T, typename U = unqualified_t<T>,
					typename V = typename U::value_type,
					typename F = decltype(std::declval<V&>().first),
					typename S = decltype(std::declval<V&>().second)>
					static std::true_type test(int);

				template<typename...>
				static std::false_type test(...);
			};

			template <typename T>
			struct has_push_back_test {
			private:
				typedef std::array<char, 1> one;
				typedef std::array<char, 2> two;

				template <typename C> static one test(decltype(std::declval<C>().push_back(std::declval<std::add_rvalue_reference_t<typename C::value_type>>()))*);
				template <typename C> static two test(...);

			public:
				static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
			};

			template <typename T>
			struct has_insert_test {
			private:
				typedef std::array<char, 1> one;
				typedef std::array<char, 2> two;

				template <typename C> static one test(decltype(std::declval<C>().insert(std::declval<std::add_rvalue_reference_t<typename C::const_iterator>>(), std::declval<std::add_rvalue_reference_t<typename C::value_type>>()))*);
				template <typename C> static two test(...);

			public:
				static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
			};

			template <typename T>
			struct has_insert_after_test {
			private:
				typedef std::array<char, 1> one;
				typedef std::array<char, 2> two;

				template <typename C> static one test(decltype(std::declval<C>().insert_after(std::declval<std::add_rvalue_reference_t<typename C::const_iterator>>(), std::declval<std::add_rvalue_reference_t<typename C::value_type>>()))*);
				template <typename C> static two test(...);

			public:
				static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
			};

			template <typename T>
			struct has_size_test {
			private:
				typedef std::array<char, 1> one;
				typedef std::array<char, 2> two;

				template <typename C> static one test(decltype(std::declval<C>().size())*);
				template <typename C> static two test(...);

			public:
				static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
			};

			template <typename T>
			struct has_to_string_test {
			private:
				typedef std::array<char, 1> one;
				typedef std::array<char, 2> two;

				template <typename C> static one test(decltype(std::declval<C>().to_string())*);
				template <typename C> static two test(...);

			public:
				static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
			};
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1910
			template <typename T, typename U, typename = decltype(std::declval<T&>() < std::declval<U&>())>
			std::true_type supports_op_less_test(std::reference_wrapper<T>, std::reference_wrapper<U>);
			std::false_type supports_op_less_test(...);
			template <typename T, typename U, typename = decltype(std::declval<T&>() == std::declval<U&>())>
			std::true_type supports_op_equal_test(std::reference_wrapper<T>, std::reference_wrapper<U>);
			std::false_type supports_op_equal_test(...);
			template <typename T, typename U, typename = decltype(std::declval<T&>() <= std::declval<U&>())>
			std::true_type supports_op_less_equal_test(std::reference_wrapper<T>, std::reference_wrapper<U>);
			std::false_type supports_op_less_equal_test(...);
			template <typename T, typename OS, typename = decltype(std::declval<OS&>() << std::declval<T&>())>
			std::true_type supports_ostream_op(std::reference_wrapper<T>, std::reference_wrapper<OS>);
			std::false_type supports_ostream_op(...);
			template <typename T, typename = decltype(to_string(std::declval<T&>()))>
			std::true_type supports_adl_to_string(std::reference_wrapper<T>);
			std::false_type supports_adl_to_string(...);
#else
			template <typename T, typename U, typename = decltype(std::declval<T&>() < std::declval<U&>())>
			std::true_type supports_op_less_test(const T&, const U&);
			std::false_type supports_op_less_test(...);
			template <typename T, typename U, typename = decltype(std::declval<T&>() == std::declval<U&>())>
			std::true_type supports_op_equal_test(const T&, const U&);
			std::false_type supports_op_equal_test(...);
			template <typename T, typename U, typename = decltype(std::declval<T&>() <= std::declval<U&>())>
			std::true_type supports_op_less_equal_test(const T&, const U&);
			std::false_type supports_op_less_equal_test(...);
			template <typename T, typename OS, typename = decltype(std::declval<OS&>() << std::declval<T&>())>
			std::true_type supports_ostream_op(const T&, const OS&);
			std::false_type supports_ostream_op(...);
			template <typename T, typename = decltype(to_string(std::declval<T&>()))>
			std::true_type supports_adl_to_string(const T&);
			std::false_type supports_adl_to_string(...);
#endif
		} // meta_detail

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1910
		template <typename T, typename U = T>
		using supports_op_less = decltype(meta_detail::supports_op_less_test(std::ref(std::declval<T&>()), std::ref(std::declval<U&>())));
		template <typename T, typename U = T>
		using supports_op_equal = decltype(meta_detail::supports_op_equal_test(std::ref(std::declval<T&>()), std::ref(std::declval<U&>())));
		template <typename T, typename U = T>
		using supports_op_less_equal = decltype(meta_detail::supports_op_less_equal_test(std::ref(std::declval<T&>()), std::ref(std::declval<U&>())));
		template <typename T, typename U = std::ostream>
		using supports_ostream_op = decltype(meta_detail::supports_ostream_op(std::ref(std::declval<T&>()), std::ref(std::declval<U&>())));
		template <typename T>
		using supports_adl_to_string = decltype(meta_detail::supports_adl_to_string(std::ref(std::declval<T&>())));
#else
		template <typename T, typename U = T>
		using supports_op_less = decltype(meta_detail::supports_op_less_test(std::declval<T&>(), std::declval<U&>()));
		template <typename T, typename U = T>
		using supports_op_equal = decltype(meta_detail::supports_op_equal_test(std::declval<T&>(), std::declval<U&>()));
		template <typename T, typename U = T>
		using supports_op_less_equal = decltype(meta_detail::supports_op_less_equal_test(std::declval<T&>(), std::declval<U&>()));
		template <typename T, typename U = std::ostream>
		using supports_ostream_op = decltype(meta_detail::supports_ostream_op(std::declval<T&>(), std::declval<U&>()));
		template <typename T>
		using supports_adl_to_string = decltype(meta_detail::supports_adl_to_string(std::declval<T&>()));
#endif
		template <typename T>
		using supports_to_string_member = meta::boolean<meta_detail::has_to_string_test<T>::value>;

		template<typename T>
		struct is_callable : boolean<meta_detail::is_callable<T>::value> {};

		template<typename T>
		struct has_begin_end : decltype(meta_detail::has_begin_end_impl::test<T>(0)) {};

		template<typename T>
		struct has_key_value_pair : decltype(meta_detail::has_key_value_pair_impl::test<T>(0)) {};

		template<typename T>
		struct has_key_type : decltype(meta_detail::has_key_type_impl::test<T>(0)) {};

		template<typename T>
		struct has_mapped_type : decltype(meta_detail::has_mapped_type_impl::test<T>(0)) {};

		template<typename T>
		struct has_iterator : decltype(meta_detail::has_iterator_impl::test<T>(0)) {};

		template<typename T>
		struct has_value_type : decltype(meta_detail::has_value_type_impl::test<T>(0)) {};

		template <typename T>
		using has_push_back = meta::boolean<meta_detail::has_push_back_test<T>::value>;

		template <typename T>
		using has_insert = meta::boolean<meta_detail::has_insert_test<T>::value>;

		template <typename T>
		using has_insert_after = meta::boolean<meta_detail::has_insert_after_test<T>::value>;

		template <typename T>
		using has_size = meta::boolean<meta_detail::has_size_test<T>::value>;

		template <typename T>
		struct is_associative : meta::all<has_key_type<T>, has_key_value_pair<T>, has_mapped_type<T>> {};

		template <typename T>
		struct is_lookup : meta::all<has_key_type<T>, has_value_type<T>> {};

		template <typename T>
		using is_string_constructible = any<
			std::is_same<unqualified_t<T>, const char*>
			, std::is_same<unqualified_t<T>, char>
			, std::is_same<unqualified_t<T>, std::string>
			, std::is_same<unqualified_t<T>, std::initializer_list<char>>
#ifdef SOL_CXX17_FEATURES
			, std::is_same<unqualified_t<T>, std::string_view>
#endif
		>;

		template <typename T>
		struct is_pair : std::false_type {};

		template <typename T1, typename T2>
		struct is_pair<std::pair<T1, T2>> : std::true_type {};

		template <typename T>
		using is_c_str = any<
			std::is_same<std::decay_t<unqualified_t<T>>, const char*>,
			std::is_same<std::decay_t<unqualified_t<T>>, char*>,
			std::is_same<unqualified_t<T>, std::string>
		>;

		template <typename T>
		struct is_move_only : all<
			neg<std::is_reference<T>>,
			neg<std::is_copy_constructible<unqualified_t<T>>>,
			std::is_move_constructible<unqualified_t<T>>
		> {};

		template <typename T>
		using is_not_move_only = neg<is_move_only<T>>;

		namespace meta_detail {
			template <typename T, meta::disable<meta::is_specialization_of<std::tuple, meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
			decltype(auto) force_tuple(T&& x) {
				return std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<T>(x));
			}

			template <typename T, meta::enable<meta::is_specialization_of<std::tuple, meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
			decltype(auto) force_tuple(T&& x) {
				return std::forward<T>(x);
			}
		} // meta_detail

		template <typename... X>
		decltype(auto) tuplefy(X&&... x) {
			return std::tuple_cat(meta_detail::force_tuple(std::forward<X>(x))...);
		}

		template <typename T, typename = void>
		struct iterator_tag {
			using type = std::input_iterator_tag;
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct iterator_tag<T, std::conditional_t<false, typename T::iterator_category, void>> {
			using type = typename T::iterator_category;
		};

	} // meta

	namespace detail {
		template <typename T>
		struct is_pointer_like : std::is_pointer<T> {};
		template <typename T, typename D>
		struct is_pointer_like<std::unique_ptr<T, D>> : std::true_type {};
		template <typename T>
		struct is_pointer_like<std::shared_ptr<T>> : std::true_type {};

		template <std::size_t I, typename Tuple>
		decltype(auto) forward_get(Tuple&& tuple) {
			return std::forward<meta::tuple_element_t<I, Tuple>>(std::get<I>(tuple));
		}

		template <std::size_t... I, typename Tuple>
		auto forward_tuple_impl(std::index_sequence<I...>, Tuple&& tuple) -> decltype(std::tuple<decltype(forward_get<I>(tuple))...>(forward_get<I>(tuple)...)) {
			return std::tuple<decltype(forward_get<I>(tuple))...>(std::move(std::get<I>(tuple))...);
		}

		template <typename Tuple>
		auto forward_tuple(Tuple&& tuple) {
			auto x = forward_tuple_impl(std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size<meta::unqualified_t<Tuple>>::value>(), std::forward<Tuple>(tuple));
			return x;
		}

		template<typename T>
		auto unwrap(T&& item) -> decltype(std::forward<T>(item)) {
			return std::forward<T>(item);
		}

		template<typename T>
		T& unwrap(std::reference_wrapper<T> arg) {
			return arg.get();
		}

		template<typename T, meta::enable<meta::neg<is_pointer_like<meta::unqualified_t<T>>>> = meta::enabler>
		auto deref(T&& item) -> decltype(std::forward<T>(item)) {
			return std::forward<T>(item);
		}

		template<typename T, meta::enable<is_pointer_like<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
		inline auto deref(T&& item) -> decltype(*std::forward<T>(item)) {
			return *std::forward<T>(item);
		}

		template<typename T>
		inline T* ptr(T& val) {
			return std::addressof(val);
		}

		template<typename T>
		inline T* ptr(std::reference_wrapper<T> val) {
			return std::addressof(val.get());
		}

		template<typename T>
		inline T* ptr(T* val) {
			return val;
		}
	} // detail
} // sol

// end of sol/traits.hpp

// beginning of sol/function.hpp

// beginning of sol/stack.hpp

// beginning of sol/stack_core.hpp

// beginning of sol/types.hpp

// beginning of sol/optional.hpp

// beginning of sol/compatibility.hpp

// beginning of sol/compatibility/version.hpp

#ifdef SOL_USING_CXX_LUA
#include <lua.h>
#include <lualib.h>
#include <lauxlib.h>
#ifdef SOL_USING_CXX_LUAJIT
#include <luajit.h>
#endif // C++ LuaJIT ... whatever that means
#ifndef SOL_EXCEPTIONS_SAFE_PROPAGATION
#define SOL_EXCEPTIONS_SAFE_PROPAGATION
#endif // Exceptions can be propagated safely using C++-compiled Lua
#else
#include <lua.hpp>
#endif // C++ Mangling for Lua

#ifdef LUAJIT_VERSION
#ifndef SOL_LUAJIT
#define SOL_LUAJIT
#define SOL_LUAJIT_VERSION LUAJIT_VERSION_NUM
#endif // sol luajit
#endif // luajit

#if defined(LUA_VERSION_NUM) && LUA_VERSION_NUM >= 502
#define SOL_LUA_VERSION LUA_VERSION_NUM
#elif defined(LUA_VERSION_NUM) && LUA_VERSION_NUM == 501
#define SOL_LUA_VERSION LUA_VERSION_NUM
#elif !defined(LUA_VERSION_NUM)
#define SOL_LUA_VERSION 500
#else
#define SOL_LUA_VERSION 502
#endif // Lua Version 502, 501 || luajit, 500 

// end of sol/compatibility/version.hpp

#ifndef SOL_NO_COMPAT

#if defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(SOL_USING_CXX_LUA)
extern "C" {
#endif
// beginning of sol/compatibility/5.2.0.h

#ifndef SOL_5_2_0_H
#define SOL_5_2_0_H

#if SOL_LUA_VERSION < 503

inline int lua_isinteger(lua_State* L, int idx) {
	if (lua_type(L, idx) != LUA_TNUMBER)
		return 0;
	// This is a very slipshod way to do the testing
	// but lua_totingerx doesn't play ball nicely
	// on older versions...
	lua_Number n = lua_tonumber(L, idx);
	lua_Integer i = lua_tointeger(L, idx);
	if (i != n)
		return 0;
	// it's DEFINITELY an integer
	return 1;
}

#endif // SOL_LUA_VERSION == 502
#endif // SOL_5_2_0_H
// end of sol/compatibility/5.2.0.h

// beginning of sol/compatibility/5.1.0.h

#ifndef SOL_5_1_0_H
#define SOL_5_1_0_H

#if SOL_LUA_VERSION == 501
/* Lua 5.1 */

#include <stddef.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

/* LuaJIT doesn't define these unofficial macros ... */
#if !defined(LUAI_INT32)
#include <limits.h>
#if INT_MAX-20 < 32760
#define LUAI_INT32  long
#define LUAI_UINT32 unsigned long
#elif INT_MAX > 2147483640L
#define LUAI_INT32  int
#define LUAI_UINT32 unsigned int
#else
#error "could not detect suitable lua_Unsigned datatype"
#endif
#endif

/* LuaJIT does not have the updated error codes for thread status/function returns */
#ifndef LUA_ERRGCMM
#define LUA_ERRGCMM (LUA_ERRERR + 2)
#endif // LUA_ERRGCMM

/* LuaJIT does not support continuation contexts / return error codes? */
#ifndef LUA_KCONTEXT
#define LUA_KCONTEXT std::ptrdiff_t
typedef LUA_KCONTEXT lua_KContext;
typedef int(*lua_KFunction) (lua_State *L, int status, lua_KContext ctx);
#endif // LUA_KCONTEXT

#define LUA_OPADD 0
#define LUA_OPSUB 1
#define LUA_OPMUL 2
#define LUA_OPDIV 3
#define LUA_OPMOD 4
#define LUA_OPPOW 5
#define LUA_OPUNM 6
#define LUA_OPEQ 0
#define LUA_OPLT 1
#define LUA_OPLE 2

typedef LUAI_UINT32 lua_Unsigned;

typedef struct luaL_Buffer_52 {
    luaL_Buffer b; /* make incorrect code crash! */
    char *ptr;
    size_t nelems;
    size_t capacity;
    lua_State *L2;
} luaL_Buffer_52;
#define luaL_Buffer luaL_Buffer_52

#define lua_tounsigned(L, i) lua_tounsignedx(L, i, NULL)

#define lua_rawlen(L, i) lua_objlen(L, i)

inline void lua_callk(lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, lua_KContext, lua_KFunction) {
    // should probably warn the user of Lua 5.1 that continuation isn't supported...
    lua_call(L, nargs, nresults);
}
inline int lua_pcallk(lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc, lua_KContext, lua_KFunction) {
    // should probably warn the user of Lua 5.1 that continuation isn't supported...
    return lua_pcall(L, nargs, nresults, errfunc);
}
void lua_arith(lua_State *L, int op);
int lua_compare(lua_State *L, int idx1, int idx2, int op);
void lua_pushunsigned(lua_State *L, lua_Unsigned n);
lua_Unsigned luaL_checkunsigned(lua_State *L, int i);
lua_Unsigned lua_tounsignedx(lua_State *L, int i, int *isnum);
lua_Unsigned luaL_optunsigned(lua_State *L, int i, lua_Unsigned def);
lua_Integer lua_tointegerx(lua_State *L, int i, int *isnum);
void lua_len(lua_State *L, int i);
int luaL_len(lua_State *L, int i);
const char *luaL_tolstring(lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len);
void luaL_requiref(lua_State *L, char const* modname, lua_CFunction openf, int glb);

#define luaL_buffinit luaL_buffinit_52
void luaL_buffinit(lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer_52 *B);

#define luaL_prepbuffsize luaL_prepbuffsize_52
char *luaL_prepbuffsize(luaL_Buffer_52 *B, size_t s);

#define luaL_addlstring luaL_addlstring_52
void luaL_addlstring(luaL_Buffer_52 *B, const char *s, size_t l);

#define luaL_addvalue luaL_addvalue_52
void luaL_addvalue(luaL_Buffer_52 *B);

#define luaL_pushresult luaL_pushresult_52
void luaL_pushresult(luaL_Buffer_52 *B);

#undef luaL_buffinitsize
#define luaL_buffinitsize(L, B, s) \
  (luaL_buffinit(L, B), luaL_prepbuffsize(B, s))

#undef luaL_prepbuffer
#define luaL_prepbuffer(B) \
  luaL_prepbuffsize(B, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE)

#undef luaL_addchar
#define luaL_addchar(B, c) \
  ((void)((B)->nelems < (B)->capacity || luaL_prepbuffsize(B, 1)), \
   ((B)->ptr[(B)->nelems++] = (c)))

#undef luaL_addsize
#define luaL_addsize(B, s) \
  ((B)->nelems += (s))

#undef luaL_addstring
#define luaL_addstring(B, s) \
  luaL_addlstring(B, s, strlen(s))

#undef luaL_pushresultsize
#define luaL_pushresultsize(B, s) \
  (luaL_addsize(B, s), luaL_pushresult(B))

typedef struct kepler_lua_compat_get_string_view {
	const char *s;
	size_t size;
} kepler_lua_compat_get_string_view;

inline const char* kepler_lua_compat_get_string(lua_State* L, void* ud, size_t* size) {
    kepler_lua_compat_get_string_view* ls = (kepler_lua_compat_get_string_view*) ud;
    (void)L;
    if (ls->size == 0) return NULL;
    *size = ls->size;
    ls->size = 0;
    return ls->s;
}

#if !defined(SOL_LUAJIT) || (SOL_LUAJIT_VERSION < 20001)

inline int luaL_loadbufferx(lua_State* L, const char* buff, size_t size, const char* name, const char*) {
    kepler_lua_compat_get_string_view ls;
    ls.s = buff;
    ls.size = size;
    return lua_load(L, kepler_lua_compat_get_string, &ls, name/*, mode*/);
}

inline int luaL_loadfilex(lua_State* L, const char* filename, const char*) {
	return luaL_loadfile(L, filename/*, mode*/);
}

#endif // Luajit 2.1.0-beta+, 2.0.1+ beta and beyond

#endif /* Lua 5.1 */

#endif // SOL_5_1_0_H
// end of sol/compatibility/5.1.0.h

// beginning of sol/compatibility/5.0.0.h

#ifndef SOL_5_0_0_H
#define SOL_5_0_0_H

#if SOL_LUA_VERSION < 501
/* Lua 5.0 */

#define LUA_QL(x) "'" x "'"
#define LUA_QS LUA_QL("%s")

#define luaL_Reg luaL_reg

#define luaL_opt(L, f, n, d) \
  (lua_isnoneornil(L, n) ? (d) : f(L, n))

#define luaL_addchar(B,c) \
  ((void)((B)->p < ((B)->buffer+LUAL_BUFFERSIZE) || luaL_prepbuffer(B)), \
   (*(B)->p++ = (char)(c)))

#endif // Lua 5.0

#endif // SOL_5_0_0_H
// end of sol/compatibility/5.0.0.h

// beginning of sol/compatibility/5.x.x.h

#ifndef SOL_5_X_X_H
#define SOL_5_X_X_H

#if SOL_LUA_VERSION < 502

#define LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS LUA_GLOBALSINDEX

#define LUA_OK 0

#define lua_pushglobaltable(L) \
  lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX)

void luaL_checkversion(lua_State *L);

#if !defined(SOL_LUAJIT_VERSION) || SOL_LUAJIT_VERSION < 20100
void lua_copy(lua_State *L, int from, int to);
lua_Integer lua_tointegerx(lua_State *L, int i, int *isnum);
lua_Number lua_tonumberx(lua_State *L, int i, int *isnum);
const lua_Number *lua_version(lua_State *L);
void luaL_setfuncs(lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg *l, int nup);
void luaL_setmetatable(lua_State *L, const char *tname);
void *luaL_testudata(lua_State *L, int i, const char *tname);
#define luaL_newlib(L, l) \
  (lua_newtable((L)),luaL_setfuncs((L), (l), 0))
#endif // LuaJIT-2.1.0-beta3 added these compatibility functions

int lua_absindex(lua_State *L, int i);
void lua_rawgetp(lua_State *L, int i, const void *p);
void lua_rawsetp(lua_State *L, int i, const void *p);
void lua_getuservalue(lua_State *L, int i);
void lua_setuservalue(lua_State *L, int i);
int luaL_getsubtable(lua_State *L, int i, const char *name);
void luaL_traceback(lua_State *L, lua_State *L1, const char *msg, int level);
int luaL_fileresult(lua_State *L, int stat, const char *fname);

#endif // Lua 5.1 and below

#endif // SOL_5_X_X_H
// end of sol/compatibility/5.x.x.h

// beginning of sol/compatibility/5.x.x.inl

#ifndef SOL_5_X_X_INL
#define SOL_5_X_X_INL

#if SOL_LUA_VERSION < 502

#include <errno.h>

#define PACKAGE_KEY "_sol.package"

inline int lua_absindex(lua_State *L, int i) {
    if (i < 0 && i > LUA_REGISTRYINDEX)
        i += lua_gettop(L) + 1;
    return i;
}

#if !defined(SOL_LUAJIT_VERSION) || SOL_LUAJIT_VERSION < 20100
inline void lua_copy(lua_State *L, int from, int to) {
    int abs_to = lua_absindex(L, to);
    luaL_checkstack(L, 1, "not enough stack slots");
    lua_pushvalue(L, from);
    lua_replace(L, abs_to);
}

inline lua_Integer lua_tointegerx(lua_State *L, int i, int *isnum) {
	lua_Integer n = lua_tointeger(L, i);
	if (isnum != NULL) {
		*isnum = (n != 0 || lua_isnumber(L, i));
	}
	return n;
}

inline lua_Number lua_tonumberx(lua_State *L, int i, int *isnum) {
	lua_Number n = lua_tonumber(L, i);
	if (isnum != NULL) {
		*isnum = (n != 0 || lua_isnumber(L, i));
	}
	return n;
}

inline const lua_Number *lua_version(lua_State *L) {
	static const lua_Number version = LUA_VERSION_NUM;
	if (L == NULL) return &version;
	// TODO: wonky hacks to get at the inside of the incomplete type lua_State?
	//else return L->l_G->version;
	else return &version;
}

/*
** Adapted from Lua 5.2.0
*/
inline void luaL_setfuncs(lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg *l, int nup) {
	luaL_checkstack(L, nup + 1, "too many upvalues");
	for (; l->name != NULL; l++) {  /* fill the table with given functions */
		int i;
		lua_pushstring(L, l->name);
		for (i = 0; i < nup; i++)  /* copy upvalues to the top */
			lua_pushvalue(L, -(nup + 1));
		lua_pushcclosure(L, l->func, nup);  /* closure with those upvalues */
		lua_settable(L, -(nup + 3)); /* table must be below the upvalues, the name and the closure */
	}
	lua_pop(L, nup);  /* remove upvalues */
}

inline void luaL_setmetatable(lua_State *L, const char *tname) {
	luaL_checkstack(L, 1, "not enough stack slots");
	luaL_getmetatable(L, tname);
	lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
}

inline void *luaL_testudata(lua_State *L, int i, const char *tname) {
	void *p = lua_touserdata(L, i);
	luaL_checkstack(L, 2, "not enough stack slots");
	if (p == NULL || !lua_getmetatable(L, i))
		return NULL;
	else {
		int res = 0;
		luaL_getmetatable(L, tname);
		res = lua_rawequal(L, -1, -2);
		lua_pop(L, 2);
		if (!res)
			p = NULL;
	}
	return p;
}
#endif

inline void lua_rawgetp(lua_State *L, int i, const void *p) {
    int abs_i = lua_absindex(L, i);
    lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void*)p);
    lua_rawget(L, abs_i);
}

inline void lua_rawsetp(lua_State *L, int i, const void *p) {
    int abs_i = lua_absindex(L, i);
    luaL_checkstack(L, 1, "not enough stack slots");
    lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void*)p);
    lua_insert(L, -2);
    lua_rawset(L, abs_i);
}

inline static void push_package_table(lua_State *L) {
    lua_pushliteral(L, PACKAGE_KEY);
    lua_rawget(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
    if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) {
        lua_pop(L, 1);
        /* try to get package table from globals */
        lua_pushliteral(L, "package");
        lua_rawget(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX);
        if (lua_istable(L, -1)) {
            lua_pushliteral(L, PACKAGE_KEY);
            lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
            lua_rawset(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
        }
    }
}

inline void lua_getuservalue(lua_State *L, int i) {
    luaL_checktype(L, i, LUA_TUSERDATA);
    luaL_checkstack(L, 2, "not enough stack slots");
    lua_getfenv(L, i);
    lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX);
    if (lua_rawequal(L, -1, -2)) {
        lua_pop(L, 1);
        lua_pushnil(L);
        lua_replace(L, -2);
    }
    else {
        lua_pop(L, 1);
        push_package_table(L);
        if (lua_rawequal(L, -1, -2)) {
            lua_pop(L, 1);
            lua_pushnil(L);
            lua_replace(L, -2);
        }
        else
            lua_pop(L, 1);
    }
}

inline void lua_setuservalue(lua_State *L, int i) {
    luaL_checktype(L, i, LUA_TUSERDATA);
    if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
        luaL_checkstack(L, 1, "not enough stack slots");
        lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX);
        lua_replace(L, -2);
    }
    lua_setfenv(L, i);
}

inline int luaL_getsubtable(lua_State *L, int i, const char *name) {
    int abs_i = lua_absindex(L, i);
    luaL_checkstack(L, 3, "not enough stack slots");
    lua_pushstring(L, name);
    lua_gettable(L, abs_i);
    if (lua_istable(L, -1))
        return 1;
    lua_pop(L, 1);
    lua_newtable(L);
    lua_pushstring(L, name);
    lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
    lua_settable(L, abs_i);
    return 0;
}

#ifndef SOL_LUAJIT
inline static int countlevels(lua_State *L) {
    lua_Debug ar;
    int li = 1, le = 1;
    /* find an upper bound */
    while (lua_getstack(L, le, &ar)) { li = le; le *= 2; }
    /* do a binary search */
    while (li < le) {
        int m = (li + le) / 2;
        if (lua_getstack(L, m, &ar)) li = m + 1;
        else le = m;
    }
    return le - 1;
}

inline static int findfield(lua_State *L, int objidx, int level) {
    if (level == 0 || !lua_istable(L, -1))
        return 0;  /* not found */
    lua_pushnil(L);  /* start 'next' loop */
    while (lua_next(L, -2)) {  /* for each pair in table */
        if (lua_type(L, -2) == LUA_TSTRING) {  /* ignore non-string keys */
            if (lua_rawequal(L, objidx, -1)) {  /* found object? */
                lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove value (but keep name) */
                return 1;
            }
            else if (findfield(L, objidx, level - 1)) {  /* try recursively */
                lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove table (but keep name) */
                lua_pushliteral(L, ".");
                lua_insert(L, -2);  /* place '.' between the two names */
                lua_concat(L, 3);
                return 1;
            }
        }
        lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove value */
    }
    return 0;  /* not found */
}

inline static int pushglobalfuncname(lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {
    int top = lua_gettop(L);
    lua_getinfo(L, "f", ar);  /* push function */
    lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX);
    if (findfield(L, top + 1, 2)) {
        lua_copy(L, -1, top + 1);  /* move name to proper place */
        lua_pop(L, 2);  /* remove pushed values */
        return 1;
    }
    else {
        lua_settop(L, top);  /* remove function and global table */
        return 0;
    }
}

inline static void pushfuncname(lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {
    if (*ar->namewhat != '\0')  /* is there a name? */
        lua_pushfstring(L, "function " LUA_QS, ar->name);
    else if (*ar->what == 'm')  /* main? */
        lua_pushliteral(L, "main chunk");
    else if (*ar->what == 'C') {
        if (pushglobalfuncname(L, ar)) {
            lua_pushfstring(L, "function " LUA_QS, lua_tostring(L, -1));
            lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove name */
        }
        else
            lua_pushliteral(L, "?");
    }
    else
        lua_pushfstring(L, "function <%s:%d>", ar->short_src, ar->linedefined);
}

#define LEVELS1 12  /* size of the first part of the stack */
#define LEVELS2 10  /* size of the second part of the stack */

inline void luaL_traceback(lua_State *L, lua_State *L1,
    const char *msg, int level) {
    lua_Debug ar;
    int top = lua_gettop(L);
    int numlevels = countlevels(L1);
    int mark = (numlevels > LEVELS1 + LEVELS2) ? LEVELS1 : 0;
    if (msg) lua_pushfstring(L, "%s\n", msg);
    lua_pushliteral(L, "stack traceback:");
    while (lua_getstack(L1, level++, &ar)) {
        if (level == mark) {  /* too many levels? */
            lua_pushliteral(L, "\n\t...");  /* add a '...' */
            level = numlevels - LEVELS2;  /* and skip to last ones */
        }
        else {
            lua_getinfo(L1, "Slnt", &ar);
            lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\t%s:", ar.short_src);
            if (ar.currentline > 0)
                lua_pushfstring(L, "%d:", ar.currentline);
            lua_pushliteral(L, " in ");
            pushfuncname(L, &ar);
            lua_concat(L, lua_gettop(L) - top);
        }
    }
    lua_concat(L, lua_gettop(L) - top);
}
#endif

inline static void luaL_checkversion_(lua_State *L, lua_Number ver) {
    const lua_Number* v = lua_version(L);
    if (v != lua_version(NULL))
        luaL_error(L, "multiple Lua VMs detected");
    else if (*v != ver)
        luaL_error(L, "version mismatch: app. needs %f, Lua core provides %f",
            ver, *v);
    /* check conversions number -> integer types */
    lua_pushnumber(L, -(lua_Number)0x1234);
    if (lua_tointeger(L, -1) != -0x1234 ||
        lua_tounsigned(L, -1) != (lua_Unsigned)-0x1234)
        luaL_error(L, "bad conversion number->int;"
            " must recompile Lua with proper settings");
    lua_pop(L, 1);
}

inline void luaL_checkversion(lua_State* L) {
    luaL_checkversion_(L, LUA_VERSION_NUM);
}

#ifndef SOL_LUAJIT
#if defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__MINGW32__) && (__GNUC__ < 6) 
int strerror_r(int errnum, char *buf, size_t len) {
	// did we get a crap buffer?
	if (buf == NULL) {
		// considered a range error
		// write errno, then return
		errno = ERANGE;
		return ERANGE;
	}
	//
	if ((errnum < 0) || (errnum >= sys_nerr)) {
		// failure
		snprintf(buf, len, "unknown error: %d", errnum);
		// write errno, then return
		errno = EINVAL;
		return EINVAL;
	}
	// TODO: this is technically thread unsafe if `strerror` doesn't use threadlocal storage
	// itself
	// but I really am too lazy to figure out how to lock mutexes
	// in plain C... does the std C lib even have synchro primitives?
	// NOTe: Turns out there are not.... great
	// pthreads isn't guaranteed either
	// let's just hope the stdc lib devs use thread_local on their stuff
	char* hopeitsthreadlocal = strerror(errnum);
	if (snprintf(buf, len, "%s", hopeitsthreadlocal) >= (ptrdiff_t)len) {
		// if this triggers we attempted to overwrite the buffer
		// how fun
		errno = ERANGE;
		return ERANGE;
	}

	return 0;
}
#endif // MinGW missing stuff

inline int luaL_fileresult(lua_State *L, int stat, const char *fname) {
    int en = errno;  /* calls to Lua API may change this value */
    if (stat) {
        lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
        return 1;
    }
    else {
        char buf[1024];
#if defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(_POSIX_VERSION) || defined(__APPLE__) || (defined(__GNUC__) && defined (__MINGW32__) && (__GNUC__ < 6))
        strerror_r(en, buf, 1024);
#else
        strerror_s(buf, 1024, en);
#endif
        lua_pushnil(L);
        if (fname)
            lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %s", fname, buf);
        else
            lua_pushstring(L, buf);
        lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)en);
        return 3;
    }
}
#endif // luajit
#endif // Lua 5.0 or Lua 5.1

#if SOL_LUA_VERSION == 501

typedef LUAI_INT32 LUA_INT32;

/********************************************************************/
/*                    extract of 5.2's luaconf.h                    */
/*  detects proper defines for faster unsigned<->number conversion  */
/*           see copyright notice at the end of this file           */
/********************************************************************/

#if !defined(LUA_ANSI) && defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
#define LUA_WIN        /* enable goodies for regular Windows platforms */
#endif

#if defined(LUA_NUMBER_DOUBLE) && !defined(LUA_ANSI)    /* { */

/* Microsoft compiler on a Pentium (32 bit) ? */
#if defined(LUA_WIN) && defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_IX86)    /* { */

#define LUA_MSASMTRICK
#define LUA_IEEEENDIAN        0
#define LUA_NANTRICK

/* pentium 32 bits? */
#elif defined(__i386__) || defined(__i386) || defined(__X86__) /* }{ */

#define LUA_IEEE754TRICK
#define LUA_IEEELL
#define LUA_IEEEENDIAN        0
#define LUA_NANTRICK

/* pentium 64 bits? */
#elif defined(__x86_64)                        /* }{ */

#define LUA_IEEE754TRICK
#define LUA_IEEEENDIAN        0

#elif defined(__POWERPC__) || defined(__ppc__)            /* }{ */

#define LUA_IEEE754TRICK
#define LUA_IEEEENDIAN        1

#else                                /* }{ */

/* assume IEEE754 and a 32-bit integer type */
#define LUA_IEEE754TRICK

#endif                                /* } */

#endif                            /* } */

/********************************************************************/
/*                    extract of 5.2's llimits.h                    */
/*       gives us lua_number2unsigned and lua_unsigned2number       */
/*           see copyright notice just below this one here          */
/********************************************************************/

/*********************************************************************
* This file contains parts of Lua 5.2's source code:
*
* Copyright (C) 1994-2013 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
* a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
* "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
* without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
* distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
* permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
* the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
* CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
* TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
* SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*********************************************************************/

#if defined(MS_ASMTRICK) || defined(LUA_MSASMTRICK)    /* { */
/* trick with Microsoft assembler for X86 */

#define lua_number2unsigned(i,n)  \
  {__int64 l; __asm {__asm fld n   __asm fistp l} i = (unsigned int)l;}

#elif defined(LUA_IEEE754TRICK)        /* }{ */
/* the next trick should work on any machine using IEEE754 with
a 32-bit int type */

union compat52_luai_Cast { double l_d; LUA_INT32 l_p[2]; };

#if !defined(LUA_IEEEENDIAN)    /* { */
#define LUAI_EXTRAIEEE    \
  static const union compat52_luai_Cast ieeeendian = {-(33.0 + 6755399441055744.0)};
#define LUA_IEEEENDIANLOC    (ieeeendian.l_p[1] == 33)
#else
#define LUA_IEEEENDIANLOC    LUA_IEEEENDIAN
#define LUAI_EXTRAIEEE        /* empty */
#endif                /* } */

#define lua_number2int32(i,n,t) \
  { LUAI_EXTRAIEEE \
    volatile union compat52_luai_Cast u; u.l_d = (n) + 6755399441055744.0; \
    (i) = (t)u.l_p[LUA_IEEEENDIANLOC]; }

#define lua_number2unsigned(i,n)    lua_number2int32(i, n, lua_Unsigned)

#endif                /* } */

/* the following definitions always work, but may be slow */

#if !defined(lua_number2unsigned)    /* { */
/* the following definition assures proper modulo behavior */
#if defined(LUA_NUMBER_DOUBLE) || defined(LUA_NUMBER_FLOAT)
#include <math.h>
#define SUPUNSIGNED    ((lua_Number)(~(lua_Unsigned)0) + 1)
#define lua_number2unsigned(i,n)  \
    ((i)=(lua_Unsigned)((n) - floor((n)/SUPUNSIGNED)*SUPUNSIGNED))
#else
#define lua_number2unsigned(i,n)    ((i)=(lua_Unsigned)(n))
#endif
#endif                /* } */

#if !defined(lua_unsigned2number)
/* on several machines, coercion from unsigned to double is slow,
so it may be worth to avoid */
#define lua_unsigned2number(u)  \
    (((u) <= (lua_Unsigned)INT_MAX) ? (lua_Number)(int)(u) : (lua_Number)(u))
#endif

/********************************************************************/

inline static void compat52_call_lua(lua_State *L, char const code[], size_t len,
    int nargs, int nret) {
    lua_rawgetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, (void*)code);
    if (lua_type(L, -1) != LUA_TFUNCTION) {
        lua_pop(L, 1);
        if (luaL_loadbuffer(L, code, len, "=none"))
            lua_error(L);
        lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
        lua_rawsetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, (void*)code);
    }
    lua_insert(L, -nargs - 1);
    lua_call(L, nargs, nret);
}

static const char compat52_arith_code[] = {
    "local op,a,b=...\n"
    "if op==0 then return a+b\n"
    "elseif op==1 then return a-b\n"
    "elseif op==2 then return a*b\n"
    "elseif op==3 then return a/b\n"
    "elseif op==4 then return a%b\n"
    "elseif op==5 then return a^b\n"
    "elseif op==6 then return -a\n"
    "end\n"
};

inline void lua_arith(lua_State *L, int op) {
    if (op < LUA_OPADD || op > LUA_OPUNM)
        luaL_error(L, "invalid 'op' argument for lua_arith");
    luaL_checkstack(L, 5, "not enough stack slots");
    if (op == LUA_OPUNM)
        lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
    lua_pushnumber(L, op);
    lua_insert(L, -3);
    compat52_call_lua(L, compat52_arith_code,
        sizeof(compat52_arith_code) - 1, 3, 1);
}

static const char compat52_compare_code[] = {
    "local a,b=...\n"
    "return a<=b\n"
};

inline int lua_compare(lua_State *L, int idx1, int idx2, int op) {
    int result = 0;
    switch (op) {
    case LUA_OPEQ:
        return lua_equal(L, idx1, idx2);
    case LUA_OPLT:
        return lua_lessthan(L, idx1, idx2);
    case LUA_OPLE:
        luaL_checkstack(L, 5, "not enough stack slots");
        idx1 = lua_absindex(L, idx1);
        idx2 = lua_absindex(L, idx2);
        lua_pushvalue(L, idx1);
        lua_pushvalue(L, idx2);
        compat52_call_lua(L, compat52_compare_code,
            sizeof(compat52_compare_code) - 1, 2, 1);
        result = lua_toboolean(L, -1);
        lua_pop(L, 1);
        return result;
    default:
        luaL_error(L, "invalid 'op' argument for lua_compare");
    }
    return 0;
}

inline void lua_pushunsigned(lua_State *L, lua_Unsigned n) {
    lua_pushnumber(L, lua_unsigned2number(n));
}

inline lua_Unsigned luaL_checkunsigned(lua_State *L, int i) {
    lua_Unsigned result;
    lua_Number n = lua_tonumber(L, i);
    if (n == 0 && !lua_isnumber(L, i))
        luaL_checktype(L, i, LUA_TNUMBER);
    lua_number2unsigned(result, n);
    return result;
}

inline lua_Unsigned lua_tounsignedx(lua_State *L, int i, int *isnum) {
    lua_Unsigned result;
    lua_Number n = lua_tonumberx(L, i, isnum);
    lua_number2unsigned(result, n);
    return result;
}

inline lua_Unsigned luaL_optunsigned(lua_State *L, int i, lua_Unsigned def) {
    return luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkunsigned, i, def);
}

inline void lua_len(lua_State *L, int i) {
    switch (lua_type(L, i)) {
    case LUA_TSTRING: /* fall through */
    case LUA_TTABLE:
        if (!luaL_callmeta(L, i, "__len"))
            lua_pushnumber(L, (int)lua_objlen(L, i));
        break;
    case LUA_TUSERDATA:
        if (luaL_callmeta(L, i, "__len"))
            break;
        /* maybe fall through */
        luaL_error(L, "attempt to get length of a %s value", lua_typename(L, lua_type(L, i)));
		break;
    default:
        luaL_error(L, "attempt to get length of a %s value", lua_typename(L, lua_type(L, i)));
		break;
    }
}

inline int luaL_len(lua_State *L, int i) {
    int res = 0, isnum = 0;
    luaL_checkstack(L, 1, "not enough stack slots");
    lua_len(L, i);
    res = (int)lua_tointegerx(L, -1, &isnum);
    lua_pop(L, 1);
    if (!isnum)
        luaL_error(L, "object length is not a number");
    return res;
}

inline const char *luaL_tolstring(lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len) {
    if (!luaL_callmeta(L, idx, "__tostring")) {
        int t = lua_type(L, idx);
        switch (t) {
        case LUA_TNIL:
            lua_pushliteral(L, "nil");
            break;
        case LUA_TSTRING:
        case LUA_TNUMBER:
            lua_pushvalue(L, idx);
            break;
        case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
            if (lua_toboolean(L, idx))
                lua_pushliteral(L, "true");
            else
                lua_pushliteral(L, "false");
            break;
        default:
            lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %p", lua_typename(L, t),
                lua_topointer(L, idx));
            break;
        }
    }
    return lua_tolstring(L, -1, len);
}

inline void luaL_requiref(lua_State *L, char const* modname,
    lua_CFunction openf, int glb) {
    luaL_checkstack(L, 3, "not enough stack slots");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, openf);
    lua_pushstring(L, modname);
    lua_call(L, 1, 1);
    lua_getglobal(L, "package");
    if (lua_istable(L, -1) == 0) {
        lua_pop(L, 1);
        lua_createtable(L, 0, 16);
        lua_setglobal(L, "package");
        lua_getglobal(L, "package");
    }
    lua_getfield(L, -1, "loaded");
    if (lua_istable(L, -1) == 0) {
        lua_pop(L, 1);
        lua_createtable(L, 0, 1);
        lua_setfield(L, -2, "loaded");
        lua_getfield(L, -1, "loaded");
    }
    lua_replace(L, -2);
    lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
    lua_setfield(L, -2, modname);
    lua_pop(L, 1);
    if (glb) {
        lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
        lua_setglobal(L, modname);
    }
}

inline void luaL_buffinit(lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer_52 *B) {
    /* make it crash if used via pointer to a 5.1-style luaL_Buffer */
    B->b.p = NULL;
    B->b.L = NULL;
    B->b.lvl = 0;
    /* reuse the buffer from the 5.1-style luaL_Buffer though! */
    B->ptr = B->b.buffer;
    B->capacity = LUAL_BUFFERSIZE;
    B->nelems = 0;
    B->L2 = L;
}

inline char *luaL_prepbuffsize(luaL_Buffer_52 *B, size_t s) {
    if (B->capacity - B->nelems < s) { /* needs to grow */
        char* newptr = NULL;
        size_t newcap = B->capacity * 2;
        if (newcap - B->nelems < s)
            newcap = B->nelems + s;
        if (newcap < B->capacity) /* overflow */
            luaL_error(B->L2, "buffer too large");
        newptr = (char*)lua_newuserdata(B->L2, newcap);
        memcpy(newptr, B->ptr, B->nelems);
        if (B->ptr != B->b.buffer)
            lua_replace(B->L2, -2); /* remove old buffer */
        B->ptr = newptr;
        B->capacity = newcap;
    }
    return B->ptr + B->nelems;
}

inline void luaL_addlstring(luaL_Buffer_52 *B, const char *s, size_t l) {
    memcpy(luaL_prepbuffsize(B, l), s, l);
    luaL_addsize(B, l);
}

inline void luaL_addvalue(luaL_Buffer_52 *B) {
    size_t len = 0;
    const char *s = lua_tolstring(B->L2, -1, &len);
    if (!s)
        luaL_error(B->L2, "cannot convert value to string");
    if (B->ptr != B->b.buffer)
        lua_insert(B->L2, -2); /* userdata buffer must be at stack top */
    luaL_addlstring(B, s, len);
    lua_remove(B->L2, B->ptr != B->b.buffer ? -2 : -1);
}

inline void luaL_pushresult(luaL_Buffer_52 *B) {
    lua_pushlstring(B->L2, B->ptr, B->nelems);
    if (B->ptr != B->b.buffer)
        lua_replace(B->L2, -2); /* remove userdata buffer */
}

#endif /* SOL_LUA_VERSION == 501 */

#endif // SOL_5_X_X_INL
// end of sol/compatibility/5.x.x.inl

#if defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(SOL_USING_CXX_LUA)
}
#endif

#endif // SOL_NO_COMPAT

// end of sol/compatibility.hpp

// beginning of sol/in_place.hpp

#include <utility>

namespace sol {

#ifdef SOL_CXX17_FEATURES
	using in_place_t = std::in_place_t;
	constexpr std::in_place_t in_place{};
	constexpr std::in_place_t in_place_of{};

	template <typename T> using in_place_type_t = std::in_place_type_t<T>;
	template <typename T>
	constexpr std::in_place_type_t<T> in_place_type{};
	
	template <size_t I> using in_place_index_t = std::in_place_index_t<I>;
	template <size_t I>
	constexpr in_place_index_t<I> in_place_index{};
#else
	namespace detail {
		struct in_place_of_tag {};
		template <std::size_t I>
		struct in_place_of_i {};
		template <typename T>
		struct in_place_of_t {};
	} // detail

	struct in_place_tag { constexpr in_place_tag() = default; };
	
	constexpr inline in_place_tag in_place (detail::in_place_of_tag) { return in_place_tag(); }
	template <typename T>
	constexpr inline in_place_tag in_place (detail::in_place_of_t<T>) { return in_place_tag(); }
	template <std::size_t I>
	constexpr inline in_place_tag in_place (detail::in_place_of_i<I>) { return in_place_tag(); }

	constexpr inline in_place_tag in_place_of(detail::in_place_of_tag) { return in_place_tag(); }
	template <typename T>
	constexpr inline in_place_tag in_place_type (detail::in_place_of_t<T>) { return in_place_tag(); }
	template <std::size_t I>
	constexpr inline in_place_tag in_place_index (detail::in_place_of_i<I>) { return in_place_tag(); }

	using in_place_t = in_place_tag(&)(detail::in_place_of_tag);
	template <typename T>
	using in_place_type_t = in_place_tag(&)(detail::in_place_of_t<T>);
	template <std::size_t I>
	using in_place_index_t = in_place_tag(&)(detail::in_place_of_i<I>);
#endif

} // sol

// end of sol/in_place.hpp

#if defined(SOL_USE_BOOST)
#include <boost/optional.hpp>
#else
// beginning of sol/optional_implementation.hpp

# ifndef SOL_OPTIONAL_IMPLEMENTATION_HPP
# define SOL_OPTIONAL_IMPLEMENTATION_HPP

# include <utility>
# include <type_traits>
# include <initializer_list>
# include <cassert>
# include <functional>
# include <string>
# include <stdexcept>
#ifdef SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS
#include <cstdlib>
#endif // Exceptions

# define TR2_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(...) typename ::std::enable_if<__VA_ARGS__::value, bool>::type = false

# if defined __GNUC__ // NOTE: GNUC is also defined for Clang
#   if (__GNUC__ >= 5)
#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_5_0_AND_HIGHER___
#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_AND_HIGHER___
#   elif (__GNUC__ == 4) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ >= 8)
#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_AND_HIGHER___
#   elif (__GNUC__ > 4)
#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_AND_HIGHER___
#   endif
#
#   if (__GNUC__ == 4) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ >= 7)
#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_7_AND_HIGHER___
#   elif (__GNUC__ > 4)
#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_7_AND_HIGHER___
#   endif
#
#   if (__GNUC__ == 4) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ == 8) && (__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ >= 1)
#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_1_AND_HIGHER___
#   elif (__GNUC__ == 4) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ >= 9)
#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_1_AND_HIGHER___
#   elif (__GNUC__ > 4)
#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_1_AND_HIGHER___
#   endif
# endif
#
# if defined __clang_major__
#   if (__clang_major__ == 3 && __clang_minor__ >= 5)
#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_5_AND_HIGHTER_
#   elif (__clang_major__ > 3)
#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_5_AND_HIGHTER_
#   endif
#   if defined TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_5_AND_HIGHTER_
#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_4_2_AND_HIGHER_
#   elif (__clang_major__ == 3 && __clang_minor__ == 4 && __clang_patchlevel__ >= 2)
#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_4_2_AND_HIGHER_
#   endif
# endif
#
# if defined _MSC_VER
#   if (_MSC_VER >= 1900)
#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_MSVC_2015_AND_HIGHER___
#   endif
# endif

# if defined __clang__
#   if (__clang_major__ > 2) || (__clang_major__ == 2) && (__clang_minor__ >= 9)
#     define OPTIONAL_HAS_THIS_RVALUE_REFS 1
#   else
#     define OPTIONAL_HAS_THIS_RVALUE_REFS 0
#   endif
# elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_1_AND_HIGHER___
#   define OPTIONAL_HAS_THIS_RVALUE_REFS 1
# elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_MSVC_2015_AND_HIGHER___
#   define OPTIONAL_HAS_THIS_RVALUE_REFS 1
# else
#   define OPTIONAL_HAS_THIS_RVALUE_REFS 0
# endif

# if defined TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_1_AND_HIGHER___
#   define OPTIONAL_HAS_CONSTEXPR_INIT_LIST 1
#   define OPTIONAL_CONSTEXPR_INIT_LIST constexpr
# else
#   define OPTIONAL_HAS_CONSTEXPR_INIT_LIST 0
#   define OPTIONAL_CONSTEXPR_INIT_LIST
# endif

# if defined(TR2_OPTIONAL_MSVC_2015_AND_HIGHER___) || (defined TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_5_AND_HIGHTER_ && (defined __cplusplus) && (__cplusplus != 201103L))
#   define OPTIONAL_HAS_MOVE_ACCESSORS 1
# else
#   define OPTIONAL_HAS_MOVE_ACCESSORS 0
# endif

# // In C++11 constexpr implies const, so we need to make non-const members also non-constexpr
# if defined(TR2_OPTIONAL_MSVC_2015_AND_HIGHER___) || ((defined __cplusplus) && (__cplusplus == 201103L))
#   define OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR
# else
#   define OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR constexpr
# endif

# if defined TR2_OPTIONAL_MSVC_2015_AND_HIGHER___
#pragma warning( push )
#pragma warning( disable : 4814 )
#endif

namespace sol {

	// BEGIN workaround for missing is_trivially_destructible
# if defined TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_AND_HIGHER___
	// leave it: it is already there
# elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_4_2_AND_HIGHER_
	// leave it: it is already there
# elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_MSVC_2015_AND_HIGHER___
	// leave it: it is already there
# elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_DISABLE_EMULATION_OF_TYPE_TRAITS
	// leave it: the user doesn't want it
# else
	template <typename T>
	using is_trivially_destructible = ::std::has_trivial_destructor<T>;
# endif
	// END workaround for missing is_trivially_destructible

# if (defined TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_7_AND_HIGHER___)
	// leave it; our metafunctions are already defined.
# elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_4_2_AND_HIGHER_
	// leave it; our metafunctions are already defined.
# elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_MSVC_2015_AND_HIGHER___
	// leave it: it is already there
# elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_DISABLE_EMULATION_OF_TYPE_TRAITS
	// leave it: the user doesn't want it
# else

	template <class T>
	struct is_nothrow_move_constructible
	{
		constexpr static bool value = ::std::is_nothrow_constructible<T, T&&>::value;
	};

	template <class T, class U>
	struct is_assignable
	{
		template <class X, class Y>
		constexpr static bool has_assign(...) { return false; }

		template <class X, class Y, size_t S = sizeof((::std::declval<X>() = ::std::declval<Y>(), true)) >
		// the comma operator is necessary for the cases where operator= returns void
		constexpr static bool has_assign(bool) { return true; }

		constexpr static bool value = has_assign<T, U>(true);
	};

	template <class T>
	struct is_nothrow_move_assignable
	{
		template <class X, bool has_any_move_assign>
		struct has_nothrow_move_assign {
			constexpr static bool value = false;
		};

		template <class X>
		struct has_nothrow_move_assign<X, true> {
			constexpr static bool value = noexcept(::std::declval<X&>() = ::std::declval<X&&>());
		};

		constexpr static bool value = has_nothrow_move_assign<T, is_assignable<T&, T&&>::value>::value;
	};
	// end workaround

# endif

	template <class T> class optional;

	// 20.5.5, optional for lvalue reference types
	template <class T> class optional<T&>;

	// workaround: std utility functions aren't constexpr yet
	template <class T> inline constexpr T&& constexpr_forward(typename ::std::remove_reference<T>::type& t) noexcept
	{
		return static_cast<T&&>(t);
	}

	template <class T> inline constexpr T&& constexpr_forward(typename ::std::remove_reference<T>::type&& t) noexcept
	{
		static_assert(!::std::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value, "!!");
		return static_cast<T&&>(t);
	}

	template <class T> inline constexpr typename ::std::remove_reference<T>::type&& constexpr_move(T&& t) noexcept
	{
		return static_cast<typename ::std::remove_reference<T>::type&&>(t);
	}

#if defined NDEBUG
# define TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION(CHECK, EXPR) (EXPR)
#else
# define TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION(CHECK, EXPR) ((CHECK) ? (EXPR) : ([]{assert(!#CHECK);}(), (EXPR)))
#endif

	namespace detail_
	{

		// static_addressof: a constexpr version of addressof
		template <typename T>
		struct has_overloaded_addressof
		{
			template <class X>
			constexpr static bool has_overload(...) { return false; }

			template <class X, size_t S = sizeof(::std::declval<X&>().operator&()) >
			constexpr static bool has_overload(bool) { return true; }

			constexpr static bool value = has_overload<T>(true);
		};

		template <typename T, TR2_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(!has_overloaded_addressof<T>)>
		constexpr T* static_addressof(T& ref)
		{
			return &ref;
		}

		template <typename T, TR2_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(has_overloaded_addressof<T>)>
		T* static_addressof(T& ref)
		{
			return ::std::addressof(ref);
		}

		// the call to convert<A>(b) has return type A and converts b to type A iff b decltype(b) is implicitly convertible to A  
		template <class U>
		constexpr U convert(U v) { return v; }

	} // namespace detail_

	constexpr struct trivial_init_t {} trivial_init{};

	// 20.5.7, Disengaged state indicator
	struct nullopt_t
	{
		struct init {};
		constexpr explicit nullopt_t(init) {}
	};
	constexpr nullopt_t nullopt{ nullopt_t::init() };

	// 20.5.8, class bad_optional_access
	class bad_optional_access : public ::std::logic_error {
	public:
		explicit bad_optional_access(const ::std::string& what_arg) : ::std::logic_error{ what_arg } {}
		explicit bad_optional_access(const char* what_arg) : ::std::logic_error{ what_arg } {}
	};

	template <class T>
	struct alignas(T) optional_base {
		char storage_[sizeof(T)];
		bool init_;

		constexpr optional_base() noexcept : storage_(), init_(false) {};

		explicit optional_base(const T& v) : storage_(), init_(true) {
			new (&storage())T(v);
		}

		explicit optional_base(T&& v) : storage_(), init_(true) {
			new (&storage())T(constexpr_move(v));
		}

		template <class... Args> explicit optional_base(in_place_t, Args&&... args)
			: init_(true), storage_() {
			new (&storage())T(constexpr_forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template <class U, class... Args, TR2_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(::std::is_constructible<T, ::std::initializer_list<U>>)>
		explicit optional_base(in_place_t, ::std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args)
			: init_(true), storage_() {
			new (&storage())T(il, constexpr_forward<Args>(args)...);
		}
#if defined __GNUC__ 
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-aliasing"
#endif
		T& storage() {
			return *reinterpret_cast<T*>(&storage_[0]);
		}

		constexpr const T& storage() const {
			return *reinterpret_cast<T const*>(&storage_[0]);
		}
#if defined __GNUC__
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif

		~optional_base() { if (init_) { storage().T::~T(); } }
	};

#if defined __GNUC__ && !defined TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_5_0_AND_HIGHER___
	// Sorry, GCC 4.x; you're just a piece of shit
	template <typename T>
	using constexpr_optional_base = optional_base<T>;
#else
	template <class T>
	struct alignas(T) constexpr_optional_base {
		char storage_[sizeof(T)];
		bool init_;
		constexpr constexpr_optional_base() noexcept : storage_(), init_(false) {}

		explicit constexpr constexpr_optional_base(const T& v) : storage_(), init_(true) {
			new (&storage())T(v);
		}

		explicit constexpr constexpr_optional_base(T&& v) : storage_(), init_(true) {
			new (&storage())T(constexpr_move(v));
		}

		template <class... Args> explicit constexpr constexpr_optional_base(in_place_t, Args&&... args)
			: init_(true), storage_() {
			new (&storage())T(constexpr_forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template <class U, class... Args, TR2_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(::std::is_constructible<T, ::std::initializer_list<U>>)>
		OPTIONAL_CONSTEXPR_INIT_LIST explicit constexpr_optional_base(in_place_t, ::std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args)
			: init_(true), storage_() {
			new (&storage())T(il, constexpr_forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

#if defined __GNUC__ 
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-aliasing"
#endif
		T& storage() {
			return (*reinterpret_cast<T*>(&storage_[0]));
		}

		constexpr const T& storage() const {
			return (*reinterpret_cast<T const*>(&storage_[0]));
		}
#if defined __GNUC__
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif

		~constexpr_optional_base() = default;
	};
#endif

	template <class T>
	using OptionalBase = typename ::std::conditional<
		::std::is_trivially_destructible<T>::value,
		constexpr_optional_base<typename ::std::remove_const<T>::type>,
		optional_base<typename ::std::remove_const<T>::type>
	>::type;

	template <class T>
	class optional : private OptionalBase<T>
	{
		static_assert(!::std::is_same<typename ::std::decay<T>::type, nullopt_t>::value, "bad T");
		static_assert(!::std::is_same<typename ::std::decay<T>::type, in_place_t>::value, "bad T");

		constexpr bool initialized() const noexcept { return OptionalBase<T>::init_; }
		typename ::std::remove_const<T>::type* dataptr() { return ::std::addressof(OptionalBase<T>::storage()); }
		constexpr const T* dataptr() const { return detail_::static_addressof(OptionalBase<T>::storage()); }

# if OPTIONAL_HAS_THIS_RVALUE_REFS == 1
		constexpr const T& contained_val() const& { return OptionalBase<T>::storage(); }
#   if OPTIONAL_HAS_MOVE_ACCESSORS == 1
		OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T&& contained_val() && { return ::std::move(OptionalBase<T>::storage()); }
		OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T& contained_val() & { return OptionalBase<T>::storage(); }
#   else
		T& contained_val() & { return OptionalBase<T>::storage(); }
		T&& contained_val() && { return ::std::move(OptionalBase<T>::storage()); }
#   endif
# else
		constexpr const T& contained_val() const { return OptionalBase<T>::storage(); }
		T& contained_val() { return OptionalBase<T>::storage(); }
# endif

		void clear() noexcept {
			if (initialized()) dataptr()->T::~T();
			OptionalBase<T>::init_ = false;
		}

		template <class... Args>
		void initialize(Args&&... args) noexcept(noexcept(T(::std::forward<Args>(args)...)))
		{
			assert(!OptionalBase<T>::init_);
			::new (static_cast<void*>(dataptr())) T(::std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			OptionalBase<T>::init_ = true;
		}

		template <class U, class... Args>
		void initialize(::std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args) noexcept(noexcept(T(il, ::std::forward<Args>(args)...)))
		{
			assert(!OptionalBase<T>::init_);
			::new (static_cast<void*>(dataptr())) T(il, ::std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			OptionalBase<T>::init_ = true;
		}

	public:
		typedef T value_type;

		// 20.5.5.1, constructors
		constexpr optional() noexcept : OptionalBase<T>() {};
		constexpr optional(nullopt_t) noexcept : OptionalBase<T>() {};

		optional(const optional& rhs)
			: OptionalBase<T>()
		{
			if (rhs.initialized()) {
				::new (static_cast<void*>(dataptr())) T(*rhs);
				OptionalBase<T>::init_ = true;
			}
		}

		optional(const optional<T&>& rhs) : optional()
		{
			if (rhs) {
				::new (static_cast<void*>(dataptr())) T(*rhs);
				OptionalBase<T>::init_ = true;
			}
		}

		optional(optional&& rhs) noexcept(::std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value)
			: OptionalBase<T>()
		{
			if (rhs.initialized()) {
				::new (static_cast<void*>(dataptr())) T(::std::move(*rhs));
				OptionalBase<T>::init_ = true;
			}
		}

		constexpr optional(const T& v) : OptionalBase<T>(v) {}

		constexpr optional(T&& v) : OptionalBase<T>(constexpr_move(v)) {}

		template <class... Args>
		explicit constexpr optional(in_place_t, Args&&... args)
			: OptionalBase<T>(in_place, constexpr_forward<Args>(args)...) {}

		template <class U, class... Args, TR2_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(::std::is_constructible<T, ::std::initializer_list<U>>)>
		OPTIONAL_CONSTEXPR_INIT_LIST explicit optional(in_place_t, ::std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args)
			: OptionalBase<T>(in_place, il, constexpr_forward<Args>(args)...) {}

		// 20.5.4.2, Destructor
		~optional() = default;

		// 20.5.4.3, assignment
		optional& operator=(nullopt_t) noexcept
		{
			clear();
			return *this;
		}

		optional& operator=(const optional& rhs)
		{
			if (initialized() == true && rhs.initialized() == false) clear();
			else if (initialized() == false && rhs.initialized() == true)  initialize(*rhs);
			else if (initialized() == true && rhs.initialized() == true)  contained_val() = *rhs;
			return *this;
		}

		optional& operator=(optional&& rhs)
			noexcept(::std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<T>::value && ::std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value)
		{
			if (initialized() == true && rhs.initialized() == false) clear();
			else if (initialized() == false && rhs.initialized() == true)  initialize(::std::move(*rhs));
			else if (initialized() == true && rhs.initialized() == true)  contained_val() = ::std::move(*rhs);
			return *this;
		}

		template <class U>
		auto operator=(U&& v)
			-> typename ::std::enable_if
			<
			::std::is_same<typename ::std::decay<U>::type, T>::value,
			optional&
			>::type
		{
			if (initialized()) { contained_val() = ::std::forward<U>(v); }
			else { initialize(::std::forward<U>(v)); }
			return *this;
		}

		template <class... Args>
		void emplace(Args&&... args)
		{
			clear();
			initialize(::std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template <class U, class... Args>
		void emplace(::std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args)
		{
			clear();
			initialize<U, Args...>(il, ::std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		// 20.5.4.4, Swap
		void swap(optional<T>& rhs) noexcept(::std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value && noexcept(swap(::std::declval<T&>(), ::std::declval<T&>())))
		{
			if (initialized() == true && rhs.initialized() == false) { rhs.initialize(::std::move(**this)); clear(); }
			else if (initialized() == false && rhs.initialized() == true) { initialize(::std::move(*rhs)); rhs.clear(); }
			else if (initialized() == true && rhs.initialized() == true) { using ::std::swap; swap(**this, *rhs); }
		}

		// 20.5.4.5, Observers

		explicit constexpr operator bool() const noexcept { return initialized(); }

		constexpr T const* operator ->() const {
			return TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION(initialized(), dataptr());
		}

# if OPTIONAL_HAS_MOVE_ACCESSORS == 1

		OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T* operator ->() {
			assert(initialized());
			return dataptr();
		}

		constexpr T const& operator *() const& {
			return TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION(initialized(), contained_val());
		}

		OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T& operator *() & {
			assert(initialized());
			return contained_val();
		}

		OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T&& operator *() && {
			assert(initialized());
			return constexpr_move(contained_val());
		}

		constexpr T const& value() const& {
			return initialized() ?
				contained_val()
#ifdef SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS
				// we can't abort here
				// because there's no constexpr abort
				: *(T*)nullptr;
#else
				: (throw bad_optional_access("bad optional access"), contained_val());
#endif
		}

		OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T& value() & {
			return initialized() ?
				contained_val()
#ifdef SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS
				: *(T*)nullptr;
#else
				: (throw bad_optional_access("bad optional access"), contained_val());
#endif
		}

		OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T&& value() && {
			return initialized() ?
				contained_val()
#ifdef SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS
				// we can't abort here
				// because there's no constexpr abort
				: std::move(*(T*)nullptr);
#else
				: (throw bad_optional_access("bad optional access"), contained_val());
#endif
		}

# else

		T* operator ->() {
			assert(initialized());
			return dataptr();
		}

		constexpr T const& operator *() const {
			return TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION(initialized(), contained_val());
		}

		T& operator *() {
			assert(initialized());
			return contained_val();
		}

		constexpr T const& value() const {
			return initialized() ? 
				contained_val() 
#ifdef SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS
				// we can't abort here
				// because there's no constexpr abort
				: *(T*)nullptr;
#else
				: (throw bad_optional_access("bad optional access"), contained_val());
#endif
		}

		T& value() {
			return initialized() ?
				contained_val()
#ifdef SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS
				// we can abort here
				// but the others are constexpr, so we can't...
				: (std::abort(), *(T*)nullptr);
#else
				: (throw bad_optional_access("bad optional access"), contained_val());
#endif
		}

# endif

# if OPTIONAL_HAS_THIS_RVALUE_REFS == 1

		template <class V>
		constexpr T value_or(V&& v) const&
		{
			return *this ? **this : detail_::convert<T>(constexpr_forward<V>(v));
		}

#   if OPTIONAL_HAS_MOVE_ACCESSORS == 1

		template <class V>
		OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T value_or(V&& v) &&
		{
			return *this ? constexpr_move(const_cast<optional<T>&>(*this).contained_val()) : detail_::convert<T>(constexpr_forward<V>(v));
		}

#   else

		template <class V>
		T value_or(V&& v) &&
		{
			return *this ? constexpr_move(const_cast<optional<T>&>(*this).contained_val()) : detail_::convert<T>(constexpr_forward<V>(v));
		}

#   endif

# else

		template <class V>
		constexpr T value_or(V&& v) const
		{
			return *this ? **this : detail_::convert<T>(constexpr_forward<V>(v));
		}

# endif

	};

	template <class T>
	class optional<T&>
	{
		static_assert(!::std::is_same<T, nullopt_t>::value, "bad T");
		static_assert(!::std::is_same<T, in_place_t>::value, "bad T");
		T* ref;

	public:

		// 20.5.5.1, construction/destruction
		constexpr optional() noexcept : ref(nullptr) {}

		constexpr optional(nullopt_t) noexcept : ref(nullptr) {}

		constexpr optional(T& v) noexcept : ref(detail_::static_addressof(v)) {}

		optional(T&&) = delete;

		constexpr optional(const optional& rhs) noexcept : ref(rhs.ref) {}

		explicit constexpr optional(in_place_t, T& v) noexcept : ref(detail_::static_addressof(v)) {}

		explicit optional(in_place_t, T&&) = delete;

		~optional() = default;

		// 20.5.5.2, mutation
		optional& operator=(nullopt_t) noexcept {
			ref = nullptr;
			return *this;
		}

		// optional& operator=(const optional& rhs) noexcept {
		  // ref = rhs.ref;
		  // return *this;
		// }

		// optional& operator=(optional&& rhs) noexcept {
		  // ref = rhs.ref;
		  // return *this;
		// }

		template <typename U>
		auto operator=(U&& rhs) noexcept
			-> typename ::std::enable_if
			<
			::std::is_same<typename ::std::decay<U>::type, optional<T&>>::value,
			optional&
			>::type
		{
			ref = rhs.ref;
			return *this;
		}

		template <typename U>
		auto operator=(U&& rhs) noexcept
			-> typename ::std::enable_if
			<
			!::std::is_same<typename ::std::decay<U>::type, optional<T&>>::value,
			optional&
			>::type
			= delete;

		void emplace(T& v) noexcept {
			ref = detail_::static_addressof(v);
		}

		void emplace(T&&) = delete;

		void swap(optional<T&>& rhs) noexcept
		{
			::std::swap(ref, rhs.ref);
		}

		// 20.5.5.3, observers
		constexpr T* operator->() const {
			return TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION(ref, ref);
		}

		constexpr T& operator*() const {
			return TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION(ref, *ref);
		}

		constexpr T& value() const {
#ifdef SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS
			return *ref;
#else
			return ref ? *ref
			: (throw bad_optional_access("bad optional access"), *ref);
#endif // Exceptions
		}

		explicit constexpr operator bool() const noexcept {
			return ref != nullptr;
		}

		template <typename V>
		constexpr T& value_or(V&& v) const
		{
			return *this ? **this : detail_::convert<T&>(constexpr_forward<V>(v));
		}
	};

	template <class T>
	class optional<T&&>
	{
		static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0, "optional rvalue references disallowed");
	};

	// 20.5.8, Relational operators
	template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const optional<T>& x, const optional<T>& y)
	{
		return bool(x) != bool(y) ? false : bool(x) == false ? true : *x == *y;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const optional<T>& x, const optional<T>& y)
	{
		return !(x == y);
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const optional<T>& x, const optional<T>& y)
	{
		return (!y) ? false : (!x) ? true : *x < *y;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const optional<T>& x, const optional<T>& y)
	{
		return (y < x);
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const optional<T>& x, const optional<T>& y)
	{
		return !(y < x);
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const optional<T>& x, const optional<T>& y)
	{
		return !(x < y);
	}

	// 20.5.9, Comparison with nullopt
	template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const optional<T>& x, nullopt_t) noexcept
	{
		return (!x);
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(nullopt_t, const optional<T>& x) noexcept
	{
		return (!x);
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const optional<T>& x, nullopt_t) noexcept
	{
		return bool(x);
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(nullopt_t, const optional<T>& x) noexcept
	{
		return bool(x);
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const optional<T>&, nullopt_t) noexcept
	{
		return false;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(nullopt_t, const optional<T>& x) noexcept
	{
		return bool(x);
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const optional<T>& x, nullopt_t) noexcept
	{
		return (!x);
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(nullopt_t, const optional<T>&) noexcept
	{
		return true;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const optional<T>& x, nullopt_t) noexcept
	{
		return bool(x);
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(nullopt_t, const optional<T>&) noexcept
	{
		return false;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const optional<T>&, nullopt_t) noexcept
	{
		return true;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(nullopt_t, const optional<T>& x) noexcept
	{
		return (!x);
	}

	// 20.5.10, Comparison with T
	template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const optional<T>& x, const T& v)
	{
		return bool(x) ? *x == v : false;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const T& v, const optional<T>& x)
	{
		return bool(x) ? v == *x : false;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const optional<T>& x, const T& v)
	{
		return bool(x) ? *x != v : true;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const T& v, const optional<T>& x)
	{
		return bool(x) ? v != *x : true;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const optional<T>& x, const T& v)
	{
		return bool(x) ? *x < v : true;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const T& v, const optional<T>& x)
	{
		return bool(x) ? v > *x : true;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const optional<T>& x, const T& v)
	{
		return bool(x) ? *x > v : false;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const T& v, const optional<T>& x)
	{
		return bool(x) ? v < *x : false;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const optional<T>& x, const T& v)
	{
		return bool(x) ? *x >= v : false;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const T& v, const optional<T>& x)
	{
		return bool(x) ? v <= *x : false;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const optional<T>& x, const T& v)
	{
		return bool(x) ? *x <= v : true;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const T& v, const optional<T>& x)
	{
		return bool(x) ? v >= *x : true;
	}

	// Comparison of optional<T&> with T
	template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const optional<T&>& x, const T& v)
	{
		return bool(x) ? *x == v : false;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const T& v, const optional<T&>& x)
	{
		return bool(x) ? v == *x : false;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const optional<T&>& x, const T& v)
	{
		return bool(x) ? *x != v : true;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const T& v, const optional<T&>& x)
	{
		return bool(x) ? v != *x : true;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const optional<T&>& x, const T& v)
	{
		return bool(x) ? *x < v : true;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const T& v, const optional<T&>& x)
	{
		return bool(x) ? v > *x : true;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const optional<T&>& x, const T& v)
	{
		return bool(x) ? *x > v : false;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const T& v, const optional<T&>& x)
	{
		return bool(x) ? v < *x : false;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const optional<T&>& x, const T& v)
	{
		return bool(x) ? *x >= v : false;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const T& v, const optional<T&>& x)
	{
		return bool(x) ? v <= *x : false;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const optional<T&>& x, const T& v)
	{
		return bool(x) ? *x <= v : true;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const T& v, const optional<T&>& x)
	{
		return bool(x) ? v >= *x : true;
	}

	// Comparison of optional<T const&> with T
	template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const optional<const T&>& x, const T& v)
	{
		return bool(x) ? *x == v : false;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const T& v, const optional<const T&>& x)
	{
		return bool(x) ? v == *x : false;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const optional<const T&>& x, const T& v)
	{
		return bool(x) ? *x != v : true;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const T& v, const optional<const T&>& x)
	{
		return bool(x) ? v != *x : true;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const optional<const T&>& x, const T& v)
	{
		return bool(x) ? *x < v : true;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const T& v, const optional<const T&>& x)
	{
		return bool(x) ? v > *x : true;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const optional<const T&>& x, const T& v)
	{
		return bool(x) ? *x > v : false;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const T& v, const optional<const T&>& x)
	{
		return bool(x) ? v < *x : false;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const optional<const T&>& x, const T& v)
	{
		return bool(x) ? *x >= v : false;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const T& v, const optional<const T&>& x)
	{
		return bool(x) ? v <= *x : false;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const optional<const T&>& x, const T& v)
	{
		return bool(x) ? *x <= v : true;
	}

	template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const T& v, const optional<const T&>& x)
	{
		return bool(x) ? v >= *x : true;
	}

	// 20.5.12, Specialized algorithms
	template <class T>
	void swap(optional<T>& x, optional<T>& y) noexcept(noexcept(x.swap(y))) {
		x.swap(y);
	}

	template <class T>
	constexpr optional<typename ::std::decay<T>::type> make_optional(T&& v) {
		return optional<typename ::std::decay<T>::type>(constexpr_forward<T>(v));
	}

	template <class X>
	constexpr optional<X&> make_optional(::std::reference_wrapper<X> v) {
		return optional<X&>(v.get());
	}

} // namespace 

namespace std
{
	template <typename T>
	struct hash<sol::optional<T>> {
		typedef typename hash<T>::result_type result_type;
		typedef sol::optional<T> argument_type;

		constexpr result_type operator()(argument_type const& arg) const {
			return arg ? ::std::hash<T>{}(*arg) : result_type{};
		}
	};

	template <typename T>
	struct hash<sol::optional<T&>> {
		typedef typename hash<T>::result_type result_type;
		typedef sol::optional<T&> argument_type;

		constexpr result_type operator()(argument_type const& arg) const {
			return arg ? ::std::hash<T>{}(*arg) : result_type{};
		}
	};
}

# if defined TR2_OPTIONAL_MSVC_2015_AND_HIGHER___
#pragma warning( pop )
#endif

# undef TR2_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES
# undef TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION

# endif // SOL_OPTIONAL_IMPLEMENTATION_HPP
// end of sol/optional_implementation.hpp

#endif // Boost vs. Better optional

namespace sol {

#if defined(SOL_USE_BOOST)
	template <typename T>
	using optional = boost::optional<T>;
	using nullopt_t = boost::none_t;
	const nullopt_t nullopt = boost::none;
#endif // Boost vs. Better optional

	namespace meta {
		template <typename T>
		struct is_optional : std::false_type {};
		template <typename T>
		struct is_optional<optional<T>> : std::true_type {};
	} // meta
} // sol

// end of sol/optional.hpp

// beginning of sol/forward_detail.hpp

namespace sol {
	namespace meta {
		namespace meta_detail {

		} // meta_detail
	} // meta

	namespace stack {
		namespace stack_detail {
			template <typename T>
			struct undefined_metatable;
		} // stack_detail
	} // stack

	namespace usertype_detail {
		template <typename T, typename Regs, typename Fx>
		void insert_default_registrations(Regs& l, int& index, Fx&& fx);

		template <typename T, typename Regs, meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_pointer<T>>, std::is_destructible<T>> = meta::enabler>
		void make_destructor(Regs& l, int& index);
		template <typename T, typename Regs, meta::disable<meta::neg<std::is_pointer<T>>, std::is_destructible<T>> = meta::enabler>
		void make_destructor(Regs& l, int& index);
	} // usertype_detail
} // sol

// end of sol/forward_detail.hpp

// beginning of sol/string_shim.hpp

#ifdef SOL_CXX17_FEATURES
#endif // C++17 features

namespace sol {
	namespace string_detail {
#ifdef SOL_CXX17_FEATURES
		typedef std::string_view string_shim;
#else
		struct string_shim {
			std::size_t s;
			const char* p;

			string_shim(const std::string& r) : string_shim(r.data(), r.size()) {}
			string_shim(const char* ptr) : string_shim(ptr, std::char_traits<char>::length(ptr)) {}
			string_shim(const char* ptr, std::size_t sz) : s(sz), p(ptr) {}

			static int compare(const char* lhs_p, std::size_t lhs_sz, const char* rhs_p, std::size_t rhs_sz) {
				int result = std::char_traits<char>::compare(lhs_p, rhs_p, lhs_sz < rhs_sz ? lhs_sz : rhs_sz);
				if (result != 0)
					return result;
				if (lhs_sz < rhs_sz)
					return -1;
				if (lhs_sz > rhs_sz)
					return 1;
				return 0;
			}

			const char* begin() const {
				return p;
			}

			const char* end() const {
				return p + s;
			}

			const char* cbegin() const {
				return p;
			}

			const char* cend() const {
				return p + s;
			}

			const char* data() const {
				return p;
			}

			std::size_t size() const {
				return s;
			}

			bool operator==(const string_shim& r) const {
				return compare(p, s, r.data(), r.size()) == 0;
			}

			bool operator==(const char* r) const {
				return compare(r, std::char_traits<char>::length(r), p, s) == 0;
			}

			bool operator==(const std::string& r) const {
				return compare(r.data(), r.size(), p, s) == 0;
			}

			bool operator!=(const string_shim& r) const {
				return !(*this == r);
			}

			bool operator!=(const char* r) const {
				return !(*this == r);
			}

			bool operator!=(const std::string& r) const {
				return !(*this == r);
			}
		};
#endif // C++17
	}

	typedef string_detail::string_shim string_view;
}

// end of sol/string_shim.hpp

// beginning of sol/raii.hpp

namespace sol {
	namespace detail {
		struct default_construct {
			template<typename T, typename... Args>
			static void construct(T&& obj, Args&&... args) {
				std::allocator<meta::unqualified_t<T>> alloc{};
				alloc.construct(obj, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template<typename T, typename... Args>
			void operator()(T&& obj, Args&&... args) const {
				construct(std::forward<T>(obj), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}
		};

		struct default_destruct {
			template<typename T>
			static void destroy(T&& obj) {
				std::allocator<meta::unqualified_t<T>> alloc{};
				alloc.destroy(obj);
			}

			template<typename T>
			void operator()(T&& obj) const {
				destroy(std::forward<T>(obj));
			}
		};

		struct deleter {
			template <typename T>
			void operator()(T* p) const {
				delete p;
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename Dx, typename... Args>
		inline std::unique_ptr<T, Dx> make_unique_deleter(Args&&... args) {
			return std::unique_ptr<T, Dx>(new T(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
		}

		template <typename Tag, typename T>
		struct tagged {
			T value;
			template <typename Arg, typename... Args, meta::disable<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Arg>, tagged>> = meta::enabler>
			tagged(Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) : value(std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
		};
	} // detail

	template <typename... Args>
	struct constructor_list {};

	template<typename... Args>
	using constructors = constructor_list<Args...>;

	const auto default_constructor = constructors<types<>>{};

	struct no_construction {};
	const auto no_constructor = no_construction{};

	struct call_construction {};
	const auto call_constructor = call_construction{};

	template <typename... Functions>
	struct constructor_wrapper {
		std::tuple<Functions...> functions;
		template <typename Arg, typename... Args, meta::disable<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Arg>, constructor_wrapper>> = meta::enabler>
		constructor_wrapper(Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) : functions(std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
	};

	template <typename... Functions>
	inline auto initializers(Functions&&... functions) {
		return constructor_wrapper<std::decay_t<Functions>...>(std::forward<Functions>(functions)...);
	}

	template <typename... Functions>
	struct factory_wrapper {
		std::tuple<Functions...> functions;
		template <typename Arg, typename... Args, meta::disable<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Arg>, factory_wrapper>> = meta::enabler>
		factory_wrapper(Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) : functions(std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
	};

	template <typename... Functions>
	inline auto factories(Functions&&... functions) {
		return factory_wrapper<std::decay_t<Functions>...>(std::forward<Functions>(functions)...);
	}

	template <typename Function>
	struct destructor_wrapper {
		Function fx;
		destructor_wrapper(Function f) : fx(std::move(f)) {}
	};

	template <>
	struct destructor_wrapper<void> {};

	const destructor_wrapper<void> default_destructor{};

	template <typename Fx>
	inline auto destructor(Fx&& fx) {
		return destructor_wrapper<std::decay_t<Fx>>(std::forward<Fx>(fx));
	}

} // sol

// end of sol/raii.hpp

// beginning of sol/filters.hpp

#include <array>

namespace sol {
	namespace detail {
		struct filter_base_tag {};
	} // detail

	template <int Target, int... In>
	struct static_stack_dependencies : detail::filter_base_tag {};
	typedef static_stack_dependencies<-1, 1> self_dependency;
	template <int... In>
	struct returns_self_with : detail::filter_base_tag {};
	typedef returns_self_with<> returns_self;

	struct stack_dependencies : detail::filter_base_tag {
		int target;
		std::array<int, 64> stack_indices;
		std::size_t len;

		template <typename... Args>
		stack_dependencies(int stack_target, Args&&... args) : target(stack_target), stack_indices(), len(sizeof...(Args)) {
			std::size_t i = 0;
			(void)detail::swallow{ int(), (stack_indices[i++] = static_cast<int>(std::forward<Args>(args)), int() )... };
		}

		int& operator[] (std::size_t i) {
			return stack_indices[i];
		}

		const int& operator[] (std::size_t i) const {
			return stack_indices[i];
		}

		std::size_t size() const {
			return len;
		}
	};
	
	template <typename F, typename... Filters>
	struct filter_wrapper {
		typedef std::index_sequence_for<Filters...> indices;

		F value;
		std::tuple<Filters...> filters;

		template <typename Fx, typename... Args, meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>, filter_wrapper>>> = meta::enabler>
		filter_wrapper(Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) : value(std::forward<Fx>(fx)), filters(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}

		filter_wrapper(const filter_wrapper&) = default;
		filter_wrapper& operator=(const filter_wrapper&) = default;
		filter_wrapper(filter_wrapper&&) = default;
		filter_wrapper& operator=(filter_wrapper&&) = default;
	};

	template <typename F, typename... Args>
	auto filters(F&& f, Args&&... args) {
		return filter_wrapper<std::decay_t<F>, std::decay_t<Args>...>( std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)... );
	}
} // sol

// end of sol/filters.hpp

#ifdef SOL_CXX17_FEATURES
#include <variant>
#endif // C++17

namespace sol {
	namespace detail {
#ifdef SOL_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE
		typedef int(*lua_CFunction_noexcept) (lua_State *L) noexcept;
#endif // noexcept function type for lua_CFunction

#ifdef SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS
		template <lua_CFunction f>
		int static_trampoline(lua_State* L) noexcept {
			return f(L);
		}

#ifdef SOL_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE
		template <lua_CFunction_noexcept f>
		int static_trampoline_noexcept(lua_State* L) noexcept {
			return f(L);
		}
#endif

		template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
		int trampoline(lua_State* L, Fx&& f, Args&&... args) noexcept {
			return f(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		inline int c_trampoline(lua_State* L, lua_CFunction f) noexcept {
			return trampoline(L, f);
		}
#else
		template <lua_CFunction f>
		int static_trampoline(lua_State* L) {
			try {
				return f(L);
			}
			catch (const char *s) {
				lua_pushstring(L, s);
			}
			catch (const std::exception& e) {
				lua_pushstring(L, e.what());
			}
#if !defined(SOL_EXCEPTIONS_SAFE_PROPAGATION)
			catch (...) {
				lua_pushstring(L, "caught (...) exception");
			}
#endif
			return lua_error(L);
		}

#ifdef SOL_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE
#if 0 
		template <lua_CFunction_noexcept f>
		int static_trampoline(lua_State* L) noexcept {
#else
		template <lua_CFunction_noexcept f>
		int static_trampoline_noexcept(lua_State* L) noexcept {
#endif // impossible
			return f(L);
		}

#else
		template <lua_CFunction f>
		int static_trampoline_noexcept(lua_State* L) noexcept {
			return f(L);
		}
#endif // noexcept lua_CFunction type

		template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
		int trampoline(lua_State* L, Fx&& f, Args&&... args) {
			if (meta::bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>::is_noexcept) {
				return f(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}
			try {
				return f(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}
			catch (const char *s) {
				lua_pushstring(L, s);
			}
			catch (const std::exception& e) {
				lua_pushstring(L, e.what());
			}
#if !defined(SOL_EXCEPTIONS_SAFE_PROPAGATION)
			catch (...) {
				lua_pushstring(L, "caught (...) exception");
			}
#endif
			return lua_error(L);
		}

		inline int c_trampoline(lua_State* L, lua_CFunction f) {
			return trampoline(L, f);
		}
#endif // Exceptions vs. No Exceptions

		template <typename F, F fx>
		inline int typed_static_trampoline_raw(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
			return static_trampoline_noexcept<fx>(L);
		}

		template <typename F, F fx>
		inline int typed_static_trampoline_raw(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
			return static_trampoline<fx>(L);
		}

		template <typename F, F fx>
		inline int typed_static_trampoline(lua_State* L) {
			return typed_static_trampoline_raw<F, fx>(std::integral_constant<bool, meta::bind_traits<F>::is_noexcept>(), L);
		}

		template <typename T>
		struct unique_usertype {};

		template <typename T>
		struct implicit_wrapper {
			T& item;
			implicit_wrapper(T* item) : item(*item) {}
			implicit_wrapper(T& item) : item(item) {}
			operator T& () {
				return item;
			}
			operator T* () {
				return std::addressof(item);
			}
		};

		struct unchecked_t {};
		const unchecked_t unchecked = unchecked_t{};
	} // detail

	struct lua_nil_t {};
	const lua_nil_t lua_nil{};
	inline bool operator==(lua_nil_t, lua_nil_t) { return true; }
	inline bool operator!=(lua_nil_t, lua_nil_t) { return false; }
#ifndef __OBJC__
	typedef lua_nil_t nil_t;
	const nil_t nil{};
#endif

	struct metatable_t {};
	const metatable_t metatable_key = {};

	struct env_t {};
	const env_t env_key = {};

	struct no_metatable_t {};
	const no_metatable_t no_metatable = {};

	typedef std::remove_pointer_t<lua_CFunction> lua_r_CFunction;

	template <typename T>
	struct unique_usertype_traits {
		typedef T type;
		typedef T actual_type;
		static const bool value = false;

		template <typename U>
		static bool is_null(U&&) {
			return false;
		}

		template <typename U>
		static auto get(U&& value) {
			return std::addressof(detail::deref(value));
		}
	};

	template <typename T>
	struct unique_usertype_traits<std::shared_ptr<T>> {
		typedef T type;
		typedef std::shared_ptr<T> actual_type;
		static const bool value = true;

		static bool is_null(const actual_type& p) {
			return p == nullptr;
		}

		static type* get(const actual_type& p) {
			return p.get();
		}
	};

	template <typename T, typename D>
	struct unique_usertype_traits<std::unique_ptr<T, D>> {
		typedef T type;
		typedef std::unique_ptr<T, D> actual_type;
		static const bool value = true;

		static bool is_null(const actual_type& p) {
			return p == nullptr;
		}

		static type* get(const actual_type& p) {
			return p.get();
		}
	};

	template <typename T>
	struct non_null {};

	template <typename... Args>
	struct function_sig {};

	struct upvalue_index {
		int index;
		upvalue_index(int idx) : index(lua_upvalueindex(idx)) {
		
		}
		
		operator int() const { 
			return index; 
		}
	};

	struct raw_index {
		int index;
		raw_index(int i) : index(i) {
		
		}
		
		operator int() const { 
			return index; 
		}
	};

	struct absolute_index {
		int index;
		absolute_index(lua_State* L, int idx) : index(lua_absindex(L, idx)) {
		
		}
		
		operator int() const { 
			return index; 
		}
	};

	struct ref_index {
		int index;
		ref_index(int idx) : index(idx) {
		
		}
		
		operator int() const { 
			return index; 
		}
	};

	struct stack_count {
		int count;

		stack_count(int cnt) : count(cnt) {}
	};

	struct lightuserdata_value {
		void* value;
		lightuserdata_value(void* data) : value(data) {}
		operator void*() const { return value; }
	};

	struct userdata_value {
		void* value;
		userdata_value(void* data) : value(data) {}
		operator void*() const { return value; }
	};

	template <typename L>
	struct light {
		L* value;

		light(L& x) : value(std::addressof(x)) {}
		light(L* x) : value(x) {}
		light(void* x) : value(static_cast<L*>(x)) {}
		operator L* () const { return value; }
		operator L& () const { return *value; }
	};

	template <typename T>
	auto make_light(T& l) {
		typedef meta::unwrapped_t<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>> L;
		return light<L>(l);
	}

	template <typename U>
	struct user {
		U value;

		user(U x) : value(std::forward<U>(x)) {}
		operator std::add_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<U>> () { return std::addressof(value); }
		operator std::add_lvalue_reference_t<U> () { return value; }
		operator std::add_const_t<std::add_lvalue_reference_t<U>>& () const { return value; }
	};

	template <typename T>
	auto make_user(T&& u) {
		typedef meta::unwrapped_t<meta::unqualified_t<T>> U;
		return user<U>(std::forward<T>(u));
	}

	template <typename T>
	struct metatable_registry_key {
		T key;

		metatable_registry_key(T key) : key(std::forward<T>(key)) {}
	};

	template <typename T>
	auto meta_registry_key(T&& key) {
		typedef meta::unqualified_t<T> K;
		return metatable_registry_key<K>(std::forward<T>(key));
	}

	template <typename... Upvalues>
	struct closure {
		lua_CFunction c_function;
		std::tuple<Upvalues...> upvalues;
		closure(lua_CFunction f, Upvalues... targetupvalues) : c_function(f), upvalues(std::forward<Upvalues>(targetupvalues)...) {}
	};

	template <>
	struct closure<> {
		lua_CFunction c_function;
		int upvalues;
		closure(lua_CFunction f, int upvalue_count = 0) : c_function(f), upvalues(upvalue_count) {}
	};

	typedef closure<> c_closure;

	template <typename... Args>
	closure<Args...> make_closure(lua_CFunction f, Args&&... args) {
		return closure<Args...>(f, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
	}

	template <typename Sig, typename... Ps>
	struct function_arguments {
		std::tuple<Ps...> arguments;
		template <typename Arg, typename... Args, meta::disable<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Arg>, function_arguments>> = meta::enabler>
		function_arguments(Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) : arguments(std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
	};

	template <typename Sig = function_sig<>, typename... Args>
	auto as_function(Args&&... args) {
		return function_arguments<Sig, std::decay_t<Args>...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
	}

	template <typename Sig = function_sig<>, typename... Args>
	auto as_function_reference(Args&&... args) {
		return function_arguments<Sig, Args...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
	}

	template <typename T>
	struct as_table_t {
		T source;
		
		as_table_t() = default;
		as_table_t(const as_table_t&) = default;
		as_table_t(as_table_t&&) = default;
		as_table_t& operator=(const as_table_t&) = default;
		as_table_t& operator=(as_table_t&&) = default;
		template <typename Arg, meta::enable<
			meta::neg<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Arg>, as_table_t>>, 
			meta::neg<std::is_base_of<proxy_base_tag, meta::unqualified_t<Arg>>>
		> = meta::enabler>
		as_table_t(Arg&& arg) : source(std::forward<Arg>(arg)) {}
		template <typename Arg0, typename Arg1, typename... Args>
		as_table_t(Arg0&& arg0, Arg1&& arg1, Args&&... args) : source(std::forward<Arg0>(arg0), std::forward<Arg1>(arg1), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}

		operator std::add_lvalue_reference_t<T> () {
			return source;
		}
	};

	template <typename T>
	struct nested {
		T source;
		
		nested() = default;
		nested(const nested&) = default;
		nested(nested&&) = default;
		nested& operator=(const nested&) = default;
		nested& operator=(nested&&) = default;
		template <typename Arg, meta::enable<
			meta::neg<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Arg>, nested>>, 
			meta::neg<std::is_base_of<proxy_base_tag, meta::unqualified_t<Arg>>>
		> = meta::enabler>
		nested(Arg&& arg) : source(std::forward<Arg>(arg)) {}
		template <typename Arg0, typename Arg1, typename... Args>
		nested(Arg0&& arg0, Arg1&& arg1, Args&&... args) : source(std::forward<Arg0>(arg0), std::forward<Arg1>(arg1), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}

		operator std::add_lvalue_reference_t<T>() {
			return source;
		}
	};

	template <typename T>
	as_table_t<T> as_table(T&& container) {
		return as_table_t<T>(std::forward<T>(container));
	}

	template <typename T>
	nested<T> as_nested(T&& container) {
		return nested<T>(std::forward<T>(container));
	}

	struct this_state {
		lua_State* L;
		operator lua_State* () const {
			return L;
		}
		lua_State* operator-> () const {
			return L;
		}
	};

	struct new_table {
		int sequence_hint = 0;
		int map_hint = 0;

		new_table() = default;
		new_table(const new_table&) = default;
		new_table(new_table&&) = default;
		new_table& operator=(const new_table&) = default;
		new_table& operator=(new_table&&) = default;

		new_table(int sequence_hint, int map_hint = 0) : sequence_hint(sequence_hint), map_hint(map_hint) {}
	};

	enum class call_syntax {
		dot = 0,
		colon = 1
	};

	enum class load_mode {
		any = 0,
		text = 1,
		binary = 2,
	};

	enum class call_status : int {
		ok = LUA_OK,
		yielded = LUA_YIELD,
		runtime = LUA_ERRRUN,
		memory = LUA_ERRMEM,
		handler = LUA_ERRERR,
		gc = LUA_ERRGCMM,
		syntax = LUA_ERRSYNTAX,
		file = LUA_ERRFILE,
	};

	enum class thread_status : int {
		ok = LUA_OK,
		yielded = LUA_YIELD,
		runtime = LUA_ERRRUN,
		memory = LUA_ERRMEM,
		gc = LUA_ERRGCMM,
		handler = LUA_ERRERR,
		dead = -1,
	};

	enum class load_status : int {
		ok = LUA_OK,
		syntax = LUA_ERRSYNTAX,
		memory = LUA_ERRMEM,
		gc = LUA_ERRGCMM,
		file = LUA_ERRFILE,
	};

	enum class type : int {
		none = LUA_TNONE,
		lua_nil = LUA_TNIL,
#ifndef __OBJC__
		nil = lua_nil,
#endif // Objective C++ Keyword
		string = LUA_TSTRING,
		number = LUA_TNUMBER,
		thread = LUA_TTHREAD,
		boolean = LUA_TBOOLEAN,
		function = LUA_TFUNCTION,
		userdata = LUA_TUSERDATA,
		lightuserdata = LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA,
		table = LUA_TTABLE,
		poly = none | lua_nil | string | number | thread |
		table | boolean | function | userdata | lightuserdata
	};

	inline const std::string& to_string(call_status c) {
		static const std::array<std::string, 8> names{{
			"ok",
			"yielded",
			"runtime",
			"memory",
			"handler",
			"gc",
			"syntax",
			"file",
		}};
		switch (c) {
		case call_status::ok:
			return names[0];
		case call_status::yielded:
			return names[1];
		case call_status::runtime:
			return names[2];
		case call_status::memory:
			return names[3];
		case call_status::handler:
			return names[4];
		case call_status::gc:
			return names[5];
		case call_status::syntax:
			return names[6];
		case call_status::file:
			return names[7];
		}
		return names[0];
	}

	inline const std::string& to_string(load_status c) {
		static const std::array<std::string, 8> names{{
			"ok",
			"memory",
			"gc",
			"syntax",
			"file",
		}};
		switch (c) {
		case load_status::ok:
			return names[0];
		case load_status::memory:
			return names[1];
		case load_status::gc:
			return names[2];
		case load_status::syntax:
			return names[3];
		case load_status::file:
			return names[4];
		}
		return names[0];
	}

	inline const std::string& to_string(load_mode c) {
		static const std::array<std::string, 3> names{{
			"bt",
			"t",
			"b",
		}};
		return names[static_cast<std::size_t>(c)];
	}

	enum class meta_function {
		construct,
		index,
		new_index,
		mode,
		call,
		call_function = call,
		metatable,
		to_string,
		length,
		unary_minus,
		addition,
		subtraction,
		multiplication,
		division,
		modulus,
		power_of,
		involution = power_of,
		concatenation,
		equal_to,
		less_than,
		less_than_or_equal_to,
		garbage_collect,
		floor_division,
		bitwise_left_shift,
		bitwise_right_shift,
		bitwise_not,
		bitwise_and,
		bitwise_or,
		bitwise_xor,
		pairs,
		next
	};

	typedef meta_function meta_method;

	inline const std::array<std::string, 29>& meta_function_names() {
		static const std::array<std::string, 29> names = { {
				"new",
				"__index",
				"__newindex",
				"__mode",
				"__call",
				"__mt",
				"__tostring",
				"__len",
				"__unm",
				"__add",
				"__sub",
				"__mul",
				"__div",
				"__mod",
				"__pow",
				"__concat",
				"__eq",
				"__lt",
				"__le",
				"__gc",

				"__idiv",
				"__shl",
				"__shr",
				"__bnot",
				"__band",
				"__bor",
				"__bxor",

				"__pairs",
				"__next"
			} };
		return names;
	}

	inline const std::string& to_string(meta_function mf) {
		return meta_function_names()[static_cast<int>(mf)];
	}

	inline type type_of(lua_State* L, int index) {
		return static_cast<type>(lua_type(L, index));
	}

	inline std::string type_name(lua_State* L, type t) {
		return lua_typename(L, static_cast<int>(t));
	}

	namespace detail {
		template <typename T, typename C = void>
		struct is_container : std::false_type {};

		template <>
		struct is_container<std::string> : std::false_type {};

		template <>
		struct is_container<std::wstring> : std::false_type {};

		template <>
		struct is_container<std::u16string> : std::false_type {};

		template <>
		struct is_container<std::u32string> : std::false_type {};

#ifdef SOL_CXX17_FEATURES
		template <>
		struct is_container<std::string_view> : std::false_type {};

		template <>
		struct is_container<std::wstring_view> : std::false_type {};

		template <>
		struct is_container<std::u16string_view> : std::false_type {};

		template <>
		struct is_container<std::u32string_view> : std::false_type {};
#endif // C++ 17

		template <typename T>
		struct is_container<T, std::enable_if_t<meta::has_begin_end<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value>> : std::true_type {};

		template <typename T>
		struct is_container<T, std::enable_if_t<
			std::is_array<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value
			&& !meta::any_same<std::remove_all_extents_t<meta::unqualified_t<T>>, char, wchar_t, char16_t, char32_t>::value
		>> : std::true_type {};
	} // detail

	template <typename T>
	struct is_container : detail::is_container<T> {};

	namespace detail {
		template <typename T, typename = void>
		struct lua_type_of : std::integral_constant<type, type::userdata> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<std::string> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<std::wstring> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<std::u16string> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<std::u32string> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> {};

		template <std::size_t N>
		struct lua_type_of<char[N]> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> {};

		template <std::size_t N>
		struct lua_type_of<wchar_t[N]> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> {};

		template <std::size_t N>
		struct lua_type_of<char16_t[N]> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> {};

		template <std::size_t N>
		struct lua_type_of<char32_t[N]> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<char> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<wchar_t> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<char16_t> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<char32_t> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<const char*> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<const char16_t*> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<const char32_t*> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<bool> : std::integral_constant<type, type::boolean> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<lua_nil_t> : std::integral_constant<type, type::lua_nil> { };

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<nullopt_t> : std::integral_constant<type, type::lua_nil> { };

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<std::nullptr_t> : std::integral_constant<type, type::lua_nil> { };

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<sol::error> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> { };

		template <bool b, typename Base>
		struct lua_type_of<basic_table_core<b, Base>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::table> { };

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<metatable_t> : std::integral_constant<type, type::table> { };

		template <typename B>
		struct lua_type_of<basic_environment<B>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> { };

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<env_t> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> { };

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<new_table> : std::integral_constant<type, type::table> {};

		template <typename T>
		struct lua_type_of<as_table_t<T>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::table> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<reference> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<stack_reference> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> {};

		template <typename Base>
		struct lua_type_of<basic_object<Base>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> {};

		template <typename... Args>
		struct lua_type_of<std::tuple<Args...>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> {};

		template <typename A, typename B>
		struct lua_type_of<std::pair<A, B>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<void*> : std::integral_constant<type, type::lightuserdata> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<lightuserdata_value> : std::integral_constant<type, type::lightuserdata> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<userdata_value> : std::integral_constant<type, type::userdata> {};

		template <typename T>
		struct lua_type_of<light<T>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::lightuserdata> {};

		template <typename T>
		struct lua_type_of<user<T>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::userdata> {};

		template <typename Base>
		struct lua_type_of<basic_lightuserdata<Base>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::lightuserdata> {};

		template <typename Base>
		struct lua_type_of<basic_userdata<Base>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::userdata> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<lua_CFunction> : std::integral_constant<type, type::function> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<std::remove_pointer_t<lua_CFunction>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::function> {};

		template <typename Base, bool aligned>
		struct lua_type_of<basic_function<Base, aligned>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::function> {};

		template <typename Base, bool aligned, typename Handler>
		struct lua_type_of<basic_protected_function<Base, aligned, Handler>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::function> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<coroutine> : std::integral_constant<type, type::function> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<thread> : std::integral_constant<type, type::thread> {};

		template <typename Signature>
		struct lua_type_of<std::function<Signature>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::function> {};

		template <typename T>
		struct lua_type_of<optional<T>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<variadic_args> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<variadic_results> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<stack_count> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<this_state> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<this_environment> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<type> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> {};

		template <typename T>
		struct lua_type_of<T*> : std::integral_constant<type, type::userdata> {};

		template <typename T>
		struct lua_type_of<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic<T>::value>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::number> {};

		template <typename T>
		struct lua_type_of<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum<T>::value>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::number> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<meta_function> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> {};

#ifdef SOL_CXX17_FEATURES
		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<std::string_view> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<std::wstring_view> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<std::u16string_view> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> {};

		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<std::u32string_view> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> {};

		template <typename... Tn>
		struct lua_type_of<std::variant<Tn...>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> {};
#else
		template <>
		struct lua_type_of<string_detail::string_shim> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> {};
#endif // C++ 17 (or not) features
		
		template <typename T>
		struct lua_type_of<nested<T>, std::enable_if_t<::sol::is_container<T>::value>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::table> {};

		template <typename T>
		struct lua_type_of<nested<T>, std::enable_if_t<!::sol::is_container<T>::value>> : lua_type_of<T> {};

		template <typename C, C v, template <typename...> class V, typename... Args>
		struct accumulate : std::integral_constant<C, v> {};

		template <typename C, C v, template <typename...> class V, typename T, typename... Args>
		struct accumulate<C, v, V, T, Args...> : accumulate<C, v + V<T>::value, V, Args...> {};
	} // detail

	template <typename T>
	struct is_unique_usertype : std::integral_constant<bool, unique_usertype_traits<T>::value> {};

	template <typename T>
	struct lua_type_of : detail::lua_type_of<T> {
		typedef int SOL_INTERNAL_UNSPECIALIZED_MARKER_;
	};

	template <typename T>
	struct lua_size : std::integral_constant<int, 1> { 
		typedef int SOL_INTERNAL_UNSPECIALIZED_MARKER_; 
	};

	template <typename A, typename B>
	struct lua_size<std::pair<A, B>> : std::integral_constant<int, lua_size<A>::value + lua_size<B>::value> { };

	template <typename... Args>
	struct lua_size<std::tuple<Args...>> : std::integral_constant<int, detail::accumulate<int, 0, lua_size, Args...>::value> { };

	namespace detail {
		template <typename...>
		struct void_ { typedef void type; };
		template <typename T, typename = void>
		struct has_internal_marker_impl : std::false_type {};
		template <typename T>
		struct has_internal_marker_impl<T, typename void_<typename T::SOL_INTERNAL_UNSPECIALIZED_MARKER_>::type> : std::true_type {};

		template <typename T>
		struct has_internal_marker : has_internal_marker_impl<T> {};
	}

	template <typename T>
	struct is_lua_primitive : std::integral_constant<bool,
		type::userdata != lua_type_of<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value
		|| ((type::userdata == lua_type_of<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) 
			&& detail::has_internal_marker<lua_type_of<meta::unqualified_t<T>>>::value 
			&& !detail::has_internal_marker<lua_size<meta::unqualified_t<T>>>::value)
		|| std::is_base_of<reference, meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value
		|| std::is_base_of<stack_reference, meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value
		|| meta::is_specialization_of<std::tuple, meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value
		|| meta::is_specialization_of<std::pair, meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value
	> { };

	template <typename T>
	struct is_lua_reference : std::integral_constant<bool,
		std::is_base_of<reference, meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value
		|| std::is_base_of<stack_reference, meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value
		|| meta::is_specialization_of<proxy, meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value
	> { };

	template <typename T>
	struct is_lua_primitive<T*> : std::true_type {};
	template <>
	struct is_lua_primitive<function_result> : std::true_type {};
	template <>
	struct is_lua_primitive<protected_function_result> : std::true_type {};
	template <typename T>
	struct is_lua_primitive<std::reference_wrapper<T>> : std::true_type { };
	template <typename T>
	struct is_lua_primitive<user<T>> : std::true_type { };
	template <typename T>
	struct is_lua_primitive<light<T>> : is_lua_primitive<T*> { };
	template <typename T>
	struct is_lua_primitive<optional<T>> : std::true_type {};
	template <typename T>
	struct is_lua_primitive<as_table_t<T>> : std::true_type {};
	template <typename T>
	struct is_lua_primitive<nested<T>> : std::true_type {};
	template <>
	struct is_lua_primitive<userdata_value> : std::true_type {};
	template <>
	struct is_lua_primitive<lightuserdata_value> : std::true_type {};
	template <typename T>
	struct is_lua_primitive<non_null<T>> : is_lua_primitive<T*> {};

	template <typename T>
	struct is_proxy_primitive : is_lua_primitive<T> { };

	template <typename T>
	struct is_transparent_argument : std::false_type {};
	template <>
	struct is_transparent_argument<this_state> : std::true_type {};
	template <>
	struct is_transparent_argument<this_environment> : std::true_type {};
	template <>
	struct is_transparent_argument<variadic_args> : std::true_type {};
	template <typename T>
	struct is_variadic_arguments : std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, variadic_args> {};

	template <typename T>
	struct is_lua_index : std::is_integral<T> {};
	template <>
	struct is_lua_index<raw_index> : std::true_type {};
	template <>
	struct is_lua_index<absolute_index> : std::true_type {};
	template <>
	struct is_lua_index<ref_index> : std::true_type {};
	template <>
	struct is_lua_index<upvalue_index> : std::true_type {};

	template <typename T>
	struct is_stack_based : std::is_base_of<stack_reference, T> {};
	template <>
	struct is_stack_based<raw_index> : std::true_type {};
	template <>
	struct is_stack_based<absolute_index> : std::true_type {};

	template <typename Signature>
	struct lua_bind_traits : meta::bind_traits<Signature> {
	private:
		typedef meta::bind_traits<Signature> base_t;
	public:
		typedef std::integral_constant<bool, meta::count_for<is_variadic_arguments, typename base_t::args_list>::value != 0> runtime_variadics_t;
		static const std::size_t true_arity = base_t::arity;
		static const std::size_t arity = base_t::arity - meta::count_for<is_transparent_argument, typename base_t::args_list>::value;
		static const std::size_t true_free_arity = base_t::free_arity;
		static const std::size_t free_arity = base_t::free_arity - meta::count_for<is_transparent_argument, typename base_t::args_list>::value;
	};

	template <typename T>
	struct is_table : std::false_type {};
	template <bool x, typename T>
	struct is_table<basic_table_core<x, T>> : std::true_type {};

	template <typename T>
	struct is_function : std::false_type {};
	template <typename T, bool aligned>
	struct is_function<basic_function<T, aligned>> : std::true_type {};
	template <typename T, bool aligned, typename Handler>
	struct is_function<basic_protected_function<T, aligned, Handler>> : std::true_type{};

	template <typename T>
	struct is_lightuserdata : std::false_type {};
	template <typename T>
	struct is_lightuserdata<basic_lightuserdata<T>> : std::true_type {};

	template <typename T>
	struct is_userdata : std::false_type {};
	template <typename T>
	struct is_userdata<basic_userdata<T>> : std::true_type {};

	template <typename T>
	struct is_environment : std::integral_constant<bool, is_userdata<T>::value || is_table<T>::value> {};
	
	template<typename T>
	inline type type_of() {
		return lua_type_of<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value;
	}

	namespace detail {
		template <typename T>
		struct is_non_factory_constructor : std::false_type {};

		template <typename... Args>
		struct is_non_factory_constructor<constructors<Args...>> : std::true_type {};

		template <typename... Args>
		struct is_non_factory_constructor<constructor_wrapper<Args...>> : std::true_type {};

		template <>
		struct is_non_factory_constructor<no_construction> : std::true_type {};

		template <typename T>
		struct is_constructor : is_non_factory_constructor<T> {};

		template <typename... Args>
		struct is_constructor<factory_wrapper<Args...>> : std::true_type {};

		template <typename T>
		struct is_constructor<protect_t<T>> : is_constructor<meta::unqualified_t<T>> {};

		template <typename F, typename... Filters>
		struct is_constructor<filter_wrapper<F, Filters...>> : is_constructor<meta::unqualified_t<F>> {};

		template <typename... Args>
		using has_constructor = meta::any<is_constructor<meta::unqualified_t<Args>>...>;

		template <typename T>
		struct is_destructor : std::false_type {};

		template <typename Fx>
		struct is_destructor<destructor_wrapper<Fx>> : std::true_type {};

		template <typename... Args>
		using has_destructor = meta::any<is_destructor<meta::unqualified_t<Args>>...>;

		struct add_destructor_tag {};
		struct check_destructor_tag {};
		struct verified_tag {} const verified{};
	} // detail
} // sol

// end of sol/types.hpp

// beginning of sol/error_handler.hpp

namespace sol {

	inline int type_panic_string(lua_State* L, int index, type expected, type actual, const std::string& message = "") noexcept(false) {
		const char* err = message.empty() ? "stack index %d, expected %s, received %s" : "stack index %d, expected %s, received %s with message %s";
		return luaL_error(L, err, index,
			expected == type::poly ? "anything" : lua_typename(L, static_cast<int>(expected)),
			actual == type::poly ? "anything" : lua_typename(L, static_cast<int>(actual)),
			message.c_str()
		);
	}

	inline int type_panic_c_str(lua_State* L, int index, type expected, type actual, const char* message = nullptr) noexcept(false) {
		const char* err = message == nullptr || (std::char_traits<char>::length(message) == 0) ? "stack index %d, expected %s, received %s" : "stack index %d, expected %s, received %s with message %s";
		return luaL_error(L, err, index,
			expected == type::poly ? "anything" : lua_typename(L, static_cast<int>(expected)),
			actual == type::poly ? "anything" : lua_typename(L, static_cast<int>(actual)),
			message
		);
	}

	struct type_panic_t {
		int operator()(lua_State* L, int index, type expected, type actual) const noexcept(false) {
			return type_panic_c_str(L, index, expected, actual, nullptr);
		}
		int operator()(lua_State* L, int index, type expected, type actual, const char* message) const noexcept(false) {
			return type_panic_c_str(L, index, expected, actual, message);
		}
		int operator()(lua_State* L, int index, type expected, type actual, const std::string& message) const noexcept(false) {
			return type_panic_string(L, index, expected, actual, message);
		}
	};

	const type_panic_t type_panic = {};

	struct constructor_handler {
		int operator()(lua_State* L, int index, type expected, type actual, const std::string& message) noexcept(false) {
			return type_panic_string(L, index, expected, actual, message + " (type check failed in constructor)");
		}
	};

	struct argument_handler {
		int operator()(lua_State* L, int index, type expected, type actual, const std::string& message) noexcept(false) {
			return type_panic_string(L, index, expected, actual, message + " (bad argument to variable or function call)");
		}
	};

	// Specify this function as the handler for lua::check if you know there's nothing wrong
	inline int no_panic(lua_State*, int, type, type, const char* = nullptr) noexcept {
		return 0;
	}

	inline void type_error(lua_State* L, int expected, int actual) noexcept(false) {
		luaL_error(L, "expected %s, received %s", lua_typename(L, expected), lua_typename(L, actual));
	}

	inline void type_error(lua_State* L, type expected, type actual) noexcept(false) {
		type_error(L, static_cast<int>(expected), static_cast<int>(actual));
	}

	inline void type_assert(lua_State* L, int index, type expected, type actual) noexcept(false) {
		if (expected != type::poly && expected != actual) {
			type_panic_c_str(L, index, expected, actual, nullptr);
		}
	}

	inline void type_assert(lua_State* L, int index, type expected) {
		type actual = type_of(L, index);
		type_assert(L, index, expected, actual);
	}

} // sol

// end of sol/error_handler.hpp

// beginning of sol/reference.hpp

// beginning of sol/stack_reference.hpp

namespace sol {
	class stack_reference {
	private:
		lua_State* L = nullptr;
		int index = 0;

	protected:
		int registry_index() const noexcept {
			return LUA_NOREF;
		}

	public:
		stack_reference() noexcept = default;
		stack_reference(lua_nil_t) noexcept : stack_reference() {};
		stack_reference(lua_State* L, lua_nil_t) noexcept : L(L), index(0) {}
		stack_reference(lua_State* L, int i) noexcept : L(L), index(lua_absindex(L, i)) {}
		stack_reference(lua_State* L, absolute_index i) noexcept : L(L), index(i) {}
		stack_reference(lua_State* L, raw_index i) noexcept : L(L), index(i) {}
		stack_reference(lua_State* L, ref_index i) noexcept = delete;
		stack_reference(stack_reference&& o) noexcept = default;
		stack_reference& operator=(stack_reference&&) noexcept = default;
		stack_reference(const stack_reference&) noexcept = default;
		stack_reference& operator=(const stack_reference&) noexcept = default;

		int push() const noexcept {
			return push(lua_state());
		}

		int push(lua_State* Ls) const noexcept {
			lua_pushvalue(lua_state(), index);
			if (Ls != lua_state()) {
				lua_xmove(lua_state(), Ls, 1);
			}
			return 1;
		}

		void pop() const noexcept {
			pop(lua_state());
		}

		void pop(lua_State* Ls, int n = 1) const noexcept {
			lua_pop(Ls, n);
		}

		int stack_index() const noexcept {
			return index;
		}

		type get_type() const noexcept {
			int result = lua_type(L, index);
			return static_cast<type>(result);
		}

		lua_State* lua_state() const noexcept {
			return L;
		}

		bool valid() const noexcept {
			type t = get_type();
			return t != type::lua_nil && t != type::none;
		}
	};

	inline bool operator== (const stack_reference& l, const stack_reference& r) {
		return lua_compare(l.lua_state(), l.stack_index(), r.stack_index(), LUA_OPEQ) == 0;
	}

	inline bool operator!= (const stack_reference& l, const stack_reference& r) {
		return !operator==(l, r);
	}

	inline bool operator==(const stack_reference& lhs, const lua_nil_t&) {
		return !lhs.valid();
	}

	inline bool operator==(const lua_nil_t&, const stack_reference& rhs) {
		return !rhs.valid();
	}

	inline bool operator!=(const stack_reference& lhs, const lua_nil_t&) {
		return lhs.valid();
	}

	inline bool operator!=(const lua_nil_t&, const stack_reference& rhs) {
		return rhs.valid();
	}
} // sol

// end of sol/stack_reference.hpp

namespace sol {
	namespace stack {
		inline void remove(lua_State* L, int rawindex, int count) {
			if (count < 1)
				return;
			int top = lua_gettop(L);
			if (rawindex == -count || top == rawindex) {
				// Slice them right off the top
				lua_pop(L, static_cast<int>(count));
				return;
			}

			// Remove each item one at a time using stack operations
			// Probably slower, maybe, haven't benchmarked,
			// but necessary
			int index = lua_absindex(L, rawindex);
			if (index < 0) {
				index = lua_gettop(L) + (index + 1);
			}
			int last = index + count;
			for (int i = index; i < last; ++i) {
				lua_remove(L, index);
			}
		}

		struct push_popper_at {
			lua_State* L;
			int index;
			int count;
			push_popper_at(lua_State* luastate, int index = -1, int count = 1) : L(luastate), index(index), count(count) { }
			~push_popper_at() { remove(L, index, count); }
		};

		template <bool top_level>
		struct push_popper_n {
			lua_State* L;
			int t;
			push_popper_n(lua_State* luastate, int x) : L(luastate), t(x) { }
			~push_popper_n() { lua_pop(L, t); }
		};
		template <>
		struct push_popper_n<true> {
			push_popper_n(lua_State*, int) { }
		};
		template <bool, typename T, typename = void>
		struct push_popper {
			T t;
			push_popper(T x) : t(x) { t.push(); }
			~push_popper() { t.pop(); }
		};
		template <typename T, typename C>
		struct push_popper<true, T, C> {
			push_popper(T) {}
			~push_popper() {}
		};
		template <typename T>
		struct push_popper<false, T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of<stack_reference, meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value>> {
			push_popper(T) {}
			~push_popper() {}
		};

		template <bool top_level = false, typename T>
		push_popper<top_level, T> push_pop(T&& x) {
			return push_popper<top_level, T>(std::forward<T>(x));
		}
		template <typename T>
		push_popper_at push_pop_at(T&& x) {
			int c = x.push();
			lua_State* L = x.lua_state();
			return push_popper_at(L, lua_absindex(L, -c), c);
		}
		template <bool top_level = false>
		push_popper_n<top_level> pop_n(lua_State* L, int x) {
			return push_popper_n<top_level>(L, x);
		}
	} // stack

	namespace detail {
		struct global_tag { } const global_{};
		struct no_safety_tag {} const no_safety{};
	} // detail

	class reference {
	private:
		lua_State* luastate = nullptr; // non-owning
		int ref = LUA_NOREF;

		int copy() const noexcept {
			if (ref == LUA_NOREF)
				return LUA_NOREF;
			push();
			return luaL_ref(lua_state(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
		}

	protected:
		reference(lua_State* L, detail::global_tag) noexcept : luastate(L) {
			lua_pushglobaltable(lua_state());
			ref = luaL_ref(lua_state(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
		}

		int stack_index() const noexcept {
			return -1;
		}

		void deref() const noexcept {
			luaL_unref(lua_state(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ref);
		}

	public:
		reference() noexcept = default;
		reference(lua_nil_t) noexcept : reference() {}
		reference(const stack_reference& r) noexcept : reference(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {}
		reference(stack_reference&& r) noexcept : reference(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {}
		reference(lua_State* L, int index = -1) noexcept : luastate(L) {
			lua_pushvalue(lua_state(), index);
			ref = luaL_ref(lua_state(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
		}
		reference(lua_State* L, ref_index index) noexcept : luastate(L) {
			lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, index.index);
			ref = luaL_ref(lua_state(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
		}
		reference(lua_State* L, lua_nil_t) noexcept : luastate(L) {}

		~reference() noexcept {
			deref();
		}

		reference(reference&& o) noexcept {
			luastate = o.luastate;
			ref = o.ref;

			o.luastate = nullptr;
			o.ref = LUA_NOREF;
		}

		reference& operator=(reference&& o) noexcept {
			if (valid()) {
				deref();
			}
			luastate = o.luastate;
			ref = o.ref;

			o.luastate = nullptr;
			o.ref = LUA_NOREF;

			return *this;
		}

		reference(const reference& o) noexcept {
			luastate = o.luastate;
			ref = o.copy();
		}

		reference& operator=(const reference& o) noexcept {
			luastate = o.luastate;
			deref();
			ref = o.copy();
			return *this;
		}

		int push() const noexcept {
			return push(lua_state());
		}

		int push(lua_State* Ls) const noexcept {
			lua_rawgeti(Ls, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ref);
			return 1;
		}

		void pop() const noexcept {
			pop(lua_state());
		}

		void pop(lua_State* Ls, int n = 1) const noexcept {
			lua_pop(Ls, n);
		}

		int registry_index() const noexcept {
			return ref;
		}

		bool valid() const noexcept {
			return !(ref == LUA_NOREF || ref == LUA_REFNIL);
		}

		explicit operator bool() const noexcept {
			return valid();
		}

		type get_type() const noexcept {
			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
			int result = lua_type(lua_state(), -1);
			return static_cast<type>(result);
		}

		lua_State* lua_state() const noexcept {
			return luastate;
		}
	};

	inline bool operator== (const reference& l, const reference& r) {
		auto ppl = stack::push_pop(l);
		auto ppr = stack::push_pop(r);
		return lua_compare(l.lua_state(), -1, -2, LUA_OPEQ) == 1;
	}

	inline bool operator!= (const reference& l, const reference& r) {
		return !operator==(l, r);
	}

	inline bool operator==(const reference& lhs, const lua_nil_t&) {
		return !lhs.valid();
	}

	inline bool operator==(const lua_nil_t&, const reference& rhs) {
		return !rhs.valid();
	}

	inline bool operator!=(const reference& lhs, const lua_nil_t&) {
		return lhs.valid();
	}

	inline bool operator!=(const lua_nil_t&, const reference& rhs) {
		return rhs.valid();
	}
} // sol

// end of sol/reference.hpp

// beginning of sol/tie.hpp

namespace sol {

	namespace detail {
		template <typename T>
		struct is_speshul : std::false_type {};
	}

	template <typename T>
	struct tie_size : std::tuple_size<T> {};

	template <typename T>
	struct is_tieable : std::integral_constant<bool, (::sol::tie_size<T>::value > 0)> {};

	template <typename... Tn>
	struct tie_t : public std::tuple<std::add_lvalue_reference_t<Tn>...> {
	private:
		typedef std::tuple<std::add_lvalue_reference_t<Tn>...> base_t;

		template <typename T>
		void set(std::false_type, T&& target) {
			std::get<0>(*this) = std::forward<T>(target);
		}

		template <typename T>
		void set(std::true_type, T&& target) {
			typedef tie_size<meta::unqualified_t<T>> value_size;
			typedef tie_size<std::tuple<Tn...>> tie_size;
			typedef std::conditional_t<(value_size::value < tie_size::value), value_size, tie_size> indices_size;
			typedef std::make_index_sequence<indices_size::value> indices;
			set_extra(detail::is_speshul<meta::unqualified_t<T>>(), indices(), std::forward<T>(target));
		}

		template <std::size_t... I, typename T>
		void set_extra(std::true_type, std::index_sequence<I...>, T&& target) {
			using std::get;
			(void)detail::swallow{ 0,
				(get<I>(static_cast<base_t&>(*this)) = get<I>(types<Tn...>(), target), 0)...
				, 0 };
		}

		template <std::size_t... I, typename T>
		void set_extra(std::false_type, std::index_sequence<I...>, T&& target) {
			using std::get;
			(void)detail::swallow{ 0,
				(get<I>(static_cast<base_t&>(*this)) = get<I>(target), 0)...
				, 0 };
		}

	public:
		using base_t::base_t;

		template <typename T>
		tie_t& operator= (T&& value) {
			typedef is_tieable<meta::unqualified_t<T>> tieable;
			set(tieable(), std::forward<T>(value));
			return *this;
		}

	};

	template <typename... Tn>
	struct tie_size< tie_t<Tn...> > : std::tuple_size< std::tuple<Tn...> > { };

	namespace adl_barrier_detail {
		template <typename... Tn>
		inline tie_t<std::remove_reference_t<Tn>...> tie(Tn&&... argn) {
			return tie_t<std::remove_reference_t<Tn>...>(std::forward<Tn>(argn)...);
		}
	}

	using namespace adl_barrier_detail;

} // sol

// end of sol/tie.hpp

// beginning of sol/stack_guard.hpp

namespace sol {
	namespace detail {
		inline void stack_fail(int, int) {
#ifndef SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS
			throw error(detail::direct_error, "imbalanced stack after operation finish");
#else
			// Lol, what do you want, an error printout? :3c
			// There's no sane default here. The right way would be C-style abort(), and that's not acceptable, so
			// hopefully someone will register their own stack_fail thing for the `fx` parameter of stack_guard.
#endif // No Exceptions
		}
	} // detail

	struct stack_guard {
		lua_State* L;
		int top;
		std::function<void(int, int)> on_mismatch;

		stack_guard(lua_State* L) : stack_guard(L, lua_gettop(L)) {}
		stack_guard(lua_State* L, int top, std::function<void(int, int)> fx = detail::stack_fail) : L(L), top(top), on_mismatch(std::move(fx)) {}
		bool check_stack(int modification = 0) const {
			int bottom = lua_gettop(L) + modification;
			if (top == bottom) {
				return true;
			}
			on_mismatch(top, bottom);
			return false;
		}
		~stack_guard() {
			check_stack();
		}
	};
} // sol

// end of sol/stack_guard.hpp

// beginning of sol/demangle.hpp

#include <cctype>
#if defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__MINGW32__) && (__GNUC__ < 6)
extern "C" {
#include <ctype.h>
}
#endif // MinGW is on some stuff
#include <locale>

namespace sol {
	namespace detail {
#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
		template <typename T, class seperator_mark = int>
		inline std::string ctti_get_type_name() {
			// cardinal sins from MINGW
			using namespace std;
			const static std::array<std::string, 2> removals = { { "{anonymous}", "(anonymous namespace)" } };
			std::string name = __PRETTY_FUNCTION__;
			std::size_t start = name.find_first_of('[');
			start = name.find_first_of('=', start);
			std::size_t end = name.find_last_of(']');
			if (end == std::string::npos)
				end = name.size();
			if (start == std::string::npos)
				start = 0;
			if (start < name.size() - 1)
				start += 1;
			name = name.substr(start, end - start);
			start = name.rfind("seperator_mark");
			if (start != std::string::npos) {
				name.erase(start - 2, name.length());
			}
			while (!name.empty() && isblank(name.front())) name.erase(name.begin());
			while (!name.empty() && isblank(name.back())) name.pop_back();

			for (std::size_t r = 0; r < removals.size(); ++r) {
				auto found = name.find(removals[r]);
				while (found != std::string::npos) {
					name.erase(found, removals[r].size());
					found = name.find(removals[r]);
				}
			}

			return name;
		}
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
		template <typename T>
		inline std::string ctti_get_type_name() {
			const static std::array<std::string, 7> removals = { { "public:", "private:", "protected:", "struct ", "class ", "`anonymous-namespace'", "`anonymous namespace'" } };
			std::string name = __FUNCSIG__;
			std::size_t start = name.find("get_type_name");
			if (start == std::string::npos)
				start = 0;
			else
				start += 13;
			if (start < name.size() - 1)
				start += 1;
			std::size_t end = name.find_last_of('>');
			if (end == std::string::npos)
				end = name.size();
			name = name.substr(start, end - start);
			if (name.find("struct", 0) == 0)
				name.replace(0, 6, "", 0);
			if (name.find("class", 0) == 0)
				name.replace(0, 5, "", 0);
			while (!name.empty() && isblank(name.front())) name.erase(name.begin());
			while (!name.empty() && isblank(name.back())) name.pop_back();

			for (std::size_t r = 0; r < removals.size(); ++r) {
				auto found = name.find(removals[r]);
				while (found != std::string::npos) {
					name.erase(found, removals[r].size());
					found = name.find(removals[r]);
				}
			}

			return name;
		}
#else
#error Compiler not supported for demangling
#endif // compilers

		template <typename T>
		inline std::string demangle_once() {
			std::string realname = ctti_get_type_name<T>();
			return realname;
		}

		template <typename T>
		inline std::string short_demangle_once() {
			std::string realname = ctti_get_type_name<T>();
			// This isn't the most complete but it'll do for now...?
			static const std::array<std::string, 10> ops = { { "operator<", "operator<<", "operator<<=", "operator<=", "operator>", "operator>>", "operator>>=", "operator>=", "operator->", "operator->*" } };
			int level = 0;
			std::ptrdiff_t idx = 0;
			for (idx = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(realname.empty() ? 0 : realname.size() - 1); idx > 0; --idx) {
				if (level == 0 && realname[idx] == ':') {
					break;
				}
				bool isleft = realname[idx] == '<';
				bool isright = realname[idx] == '>';
				if (!isleft && !isright)
					continue;
				bool earlybreak = false;
				for (const auto& op : ops) {
					std::size_t nisop = realname.rfind(op, idx);
					if (nisop == std::string::npos)
						continue;
					std::size_t nisopidx = idx - op.size() + 1;
					if (nisop == nisopidx) {
						idx = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(nisopidx);
						earlybreak = true;
					}
					break;
				}
				if (earlybreak) {
					continue;
				}
				level += isleft ? -1 : 1;
			}
			if (idx > 0) {
				realname.erase(0, realname.length() < static_cast<std::size_t>(idx) ? realname.length() : idx + 1);
			}
			return realname;
		}

		template <typename T>
		inline const std::string& demangle() {
			static const std::string d = demangle_once<T>();
			return d;
		}

		template <typename T>
		inline const std::string& short_demangle() {
			static const std::string d = short_demangle_once<T>();
			return d;
		}
	} // detail
} // sol

// end of sol/demangle.hpp

#include <vector>
#include <forward_list>
#include <algorithm>

namespace sol {
	namespace detail {
		struct as_reference_tag {};
		template <typename T>
		struct as_pointer_tag {};
		template <typename T>
		struct as_value_tag {};

		using unique_destructor = void(*)(void*);

		template <typename T>
		inline int unique_destruct(lua_State* L) {
			void* memory = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
			T** pointerpointer = static_cast<T**>(memory);
			unique_destructor& dx = *static_cast<unique_destructor*>(static_cast<void*>(pointerpointer + 1));
			(dx)(memory);
			return 0;
		}

		template <typename T>
		inline int user_alloc_destruct(lua_State* L) {
			void* rawdata = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
			T* data = static_cast<T*>(rawdata);
			std::allocator<T> alloc;
			alloc.destroy(data);
			return 0;
		}

		template <typename T>
		inline int usertype_alloc_destruct(lua_State* L) {
			void* rawdata = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
			T** pdata = static_cast<T**>(rawdata);
			T* data = *pdata;
			std::allocator<T> alloc{};
			alloc.destroy(data);
			return 0;
		}

		template <typename T>
		inline int cannot_destruct(lua_State* L) {
			return luaL_error(L, "cannot call the destructor for '%s': it is either hidden (protected/private) or removed with '= delete' and thusly this type is being destroyed without properly destructing, invoking undefined behavior", detail::demangle<T>().data());
		}

		template <typename T, typename Real>
		inline void usertype_unique_alloc_destroy(void* memory) {
			T** pointerpointer = static_cast<T**>(memory);
			unique_destructor* dx = static_cast<unique_destructor*>(static_cast<void*>(pointerpointer + 1));
			Real* target = static_cast<Real*>(static_cast<void*>(dx + 1));
			std::allocator<Real> alloc;
			alloc.destroy(target);
		}

		template <typename T>
		void reserve(T&, std::size_t) {}

		template <typename T, typename Al>
		void reserve(std::vector<T, Al>& arr, std::size_t hint) {
			arr.reserve(hint);
		}

		template <typename T, typename Tr, typename Al>
		void reserve(std::basic_string<T, Tr, Al>& arr, std::size_t hint) {
			arr.reserve(hint);
		}
	} // detail

	namespace stack {

		template<typename T, bool global = false, bool raw = false, typename = void>
		struct field_getter;
		template <typename T, bool global = false, bool raw = false, typename = void>
		struct probe_field_getter;
		template<typename T, bool global = false, bool raw = false, typename = void>
		struct field_setter;
		template<typename T, typename = void>
		struct getter;
		template<typename T, typename = void>
		struct popper;
		template<typename T, typename = void>
		struct pusher;
		template<typename T, type = lua_type_of<T>::value, typename = void>
		struct checker;
		template<typename T, typename = void>
		struct check_getter;

		struct probe {
			bool success;
			int levels;

			probe(bool s, int l) : success(s), levels(l) {}

			operator bool() const { return success; };
		};

		struct record {
			int last;
			int used;

			record() : last(), used() {}
			void use(int count) {
				last = count;
				used += count;
			}
		};

		namespace stack_detail {
			template <typename T>
			struct strip {
				typedef T type;
			};
			template <typename T>
			struct strip<std::reference_wrapper<T>> {
				typedef T& type;
			};
			template <typename T>
			struct strip<user<T>> {
				typedef T& type;
			};
			template <typename T>
			struct strip<non_null<T>> {
				typedef T type;
			};
			template <typename T>
			using strip_t = typename strip<T>::type;

			const bool default_check_arguments =
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
				true;
#else
				false;
#endif

			template <typename C>
			static int get_size_hint(const C& c) {
				return static_cast<int>(c.size());
			}

			template <typename V, typename Al>
			static int get_size_hint(const std::forward_list<V, Al>&) {
				// forward_list makes me sad
				return static_cast<int>(32);
			}

			template<typename T>
			inline decltype(auto) unchecked_get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				getter<meta::unqualified_t<T>> g{};
				(void)g;
				return g.get(L, index, tracking);
			}

			template<typename T, typename Arg, typename... Args>
			inline int push_reference(lua_State* L, Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) {
				typedef meta::all<
					std::is_lvalue_reference<T>,
					meta::neg<std::is_const<T>>,
					meta::neg<is_lua_primitive<meta::unqualified_t<T>>>,
					meta::neg<is_unique_usertype<meta::unqualified_t<T>>>
				> use_reference_tag;
				return pusher<std::conditional_t<use_reference_tag::value, detail::as_reference_tag, meta::unqualified_t<T>>>{}.push(L, std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}
		} // stack_detail

		inline bool maybe_indexable(lua_State* L, int index = -1) {
			type t = type_of(L, index);
			return t == type::userdata || t == type::table;
		}

		inline int top(lua_State* L) {
			return lua_gettop(L);
		}

		template<typename T, typename... Args>
		inline int push(lua_State* L, T&& t, Args&&... args) {
			return pusher<meta::unqualified_t<T>>{}.push(L, std::forward<T>(t), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		// overload allows to use a pusher of a specific type, but pass in any kind of args
		template<typename T, typename Arg, typename... Args, typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<T, Arg>::value>>
		inline int push(lua_State* L, Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) {
			return pusher<meta::unqualified_t<T>>{}.push(L, std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template<typename T, typename... Args>
		inline int push_reference(lua_State* L, T&& t, Args&&... args) {
			return stack_detail::push_reference<T>(L, std::forward<T>(t), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template<typename T, typename Arg, typename... Args>
		inline int push_reference(lua_State* L, Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) {
			return stack_detail::push_reference<T>(L, std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		inline int multi_push(lua_State*) {
			// do nothing
			return 0;
		}

		template<typename T, typename... Args>
		inline int multi_push(lua_State* L, T&& t, Args&&... args) {
			int pushcount = push(L, std::forward<T>(t));
			void(sol::detail::swallow{ (pushcount += sol::stack::push(L, std::forward<Args>(args)), 0)... });
			return pushcount;
		}

		inline int multi_push_reference(lua_State*) {
			// do nothing
			return 0;
		}

		template<typename T, typename... Args>
		inline int multi_push_reference(lua_State* L, T&& t, Args&&... args) {
			int pushcount = push_reference(L, std::forward<T>(t));
			void(sol::detail::swallow{ (pushcount += sol::stack::push_reference(L, std::forward<Args>(args)), 0)... });
			return pushcount;
		}

		template <typename T, typename Handler>
		bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
			typedef meta::unqualified_t<T> Tu;
			checker<Tu> c;
			// VC++ has a bad warning here: shut it up
			(void)c;
			return c.check(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
		}

		template <typename T, typename Handler>
		bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler) {
			record tracking{};
			return check<T>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
		}

		template <typename T>
		bool check(lua_State* L, int index = -lua_size<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
			auto handler = no_panic;
			return check<T>(L, index, handler);
		}

		template<typename T, typename Handler>
		inline decltype(auto) check_get(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
			typedef meta::unqualified_t<T> Tu;
			check_getter<Tu> cg{};
			(void)cg;
			return cg.get(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
		}

		template<typename T, typename Handler>
		inline decltype(auto) check_get(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler) {
			record tracking{};
			return check_get<T>(L, index, handler, tracking);
		}

		template<typename T>
		inline decltype(auto) check_get(lua_State* L, int index = -lua_size<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
			auto handler = no_panic;
			return check_get<T>(L, index, handler);
		}

		namespace stack_detail {

#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			template <typename T>
			inline auto tagged_get(types<T>, lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) -> decltype(stack_detail::unchecked_get<T>(L, index, tracking)) {
				auto op = check_get<T>(L, index, type_panic_c_str, tracking);
				return *std::move(op);
			}
#else
			template <typename T>
			inline decltype(auto) tagged_get(types<T>, lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				return stack_detail::unchecked_get<T>(L, index, tracking);
			}
#endif

			template <typename T>
			inline decltype(auto) tagged_get(types<optional<T>>, lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				return stack_detail::unchecked_get<optional<T>>(L, index, tracking);
			}

			template <bool b>
			struct check_types {
				template <typename T, typename... Args, typename Handler>
				static bool check(types<T, Args...>, lua_State* L, int firstargument, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
					if (!stack::check<T>(L, firstargument + tracking.used, handler, tracking))
						return false;
					return check(types<Args...>(), L, firstargument, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
				}

				template <typename Handler>
				static bool check(types<>, lua_State*, int, Handler&&, record&) {
					return true;
				}
			};

			template <>
			struct check_types<false> {
				template <typename... Args, typename Handler>
				static bool check(types<Args...>, lua_State*, int, Handler&&, record&) {
					return true;
				}
			};

		} // stack_detail

		template <bool b, typename... Args, typename Handler>
		bool multi_check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
			return stack_detail::check_types<b>{}.check(types<meta::unqualified_t<Args>...>(), L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
		}

		template <bool b, typename... Args, typename Handler>
		bool multi_check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler) {
			record tracking{};
			return multi_check<b, Args...>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
		}

		template <bool b, typename... Args>
		bool multi_check(lua_State* L, int index) {
			auto handler = no_panic;
			return multi_check<b, Args...>(L, index, handler);
		}

		template <typename... Args, typename Handler>
		bool multi_check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
			return multi_check<true, Args...>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
		}

		template <typename... Args, typename Handler>
		bool multi_check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler) {
			return multi_check<true, Args...>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler));
		}

		template <typename... Args>
		bool multi_check(lua_State* L, int index) {
			return multi_check<true, Args...>(L, index);
		}

		template<typename T>
		inline decltype(auto) get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
			return stack_detail::tagged_get(types<T>(), L, index, tracking);
		}

		template<typename T>
		inline decltype(auto) get(lua_State* L, int index = -lua_size<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
			record tracking{};
			return get<T>(L, index, tracking);
		}

		template<typename T>
		inline decltype(auto) pop(lua_State* L) {
			return popper<meta::unqualified_t<T>>{}.pop(L);
		}

		template <bool global = false, bool raw = false, typename Key>
		void get_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key) {
			field_getter<meta::unqualified_t<Key>, global, raw>{}.get(L, std::forward<Key>(key));
		}

		template <bool global = false, bool raw = false, typename Key>
		void get_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key, int tableindex) {
			field_getter<meta::unqualified_t<Key>, global, raw>{}.get(L, std::forward<Key>(key), tableindex);
		}

		template <bool global = false, typename Key>
		void raw_get_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key) {
			get_field<global, true>(L, std::forward<Key>(key));
		}

		template <bool global = false, typename Key>
		void raw_get_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key, int tableindex) {
			get_field<global, true>(L, std::forward<Key>(key), tableindex);
		}

		template <bool global = false, bool raw = false, typename Key>
		probe probe_get_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key) {
			return probe_field_getter<meta::unqualified_t<Key>, global, raw>{}.get(L, std::forward<Key>(key));
		}

		template <bool global = false, bool raw = false, typename Key>
		probe probe_get_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key, int tableindex) {
			return probe_field_getter<meta::unqualified_t<Key>, global, raw>{}.get(L, std::forward<Key>(key), tableindex);
		}

		template <bool global = false, typename Key>
		probe probe_raw_get_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key) {
			return probe_get_field<global, true>(L, std::forward<Key>(key));
		}

		template <bool global = false, typename Key>
		probe probe_raw_get_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key, int tableindex) {
			return probe_get_field<global, true>(L, std::forward<Key>(key), tableindex);
		}

		template <bool global = false, bool raw = false, typename Key, typename Value>
		void set_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key, Value&& value) {
			field_setter<meta::unqualified_t<Key>, global, raw>{}.set(L, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value));
		}

		template <bool global = false, bool raw = false, typename Key, typename Value>
		void set_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key, Value&& value, int tableindex) {
			field_setter<meta::unqualified_t<Key>, global, raw>{}.set(L, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value), tableindex);
		}

		template <bool global = false, typename Key, typename Value>
		void raw_set_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key, Value&& value) {
			set_field<global, true>(L, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value));
		}

		template <bool global = false, typename Key, typename Value>
		void raw_set_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key, Value&& value, int tableindex) {
			set_field<global, true>(L, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value), tableindex);
		}
	} // stack
} // sol

// end of sol/stack_core.hpp

// beginning of sol/stack_check.hpp

// beginning of sol/usertype_traits.hpp

namespace sol {

	template<typename T>
	struct usertype_traits {
		static const std::string& name() {
			static const std::string& n = detail::short_demangle<T>();
			return n;
		}
		static const std::string& qualified_name() {
			static const std::string& q_n = detail::demangle<T>();
			return q_n;
		}
		static const std::string& metatable() {
			static const std::string m = std::string("sol.").append(detail::demangle<T>());
			return m;
		}
		static const std::string& user_metatable() {
			static const std::string u_m = std::string("sol.").append(detail::demangle<T>()).append(".user");
			return u_m;
		}
		static const std::string& user_gc_metatable() {
			static const std::string u_g_m = std::string("sol.").append(detail::demangle<T>()).append(".user\xE2\x99\xBB");
			return u_g_m;
		}
		static const std::string& gc_table() {
			static const std::string g_t = std::string("sol.").append(detail::demangle<T>()).append(".\xE2\x99\xBB");
			return g_t;
		}
	};

}

// end of sol/usertype_traits.hpp

// beginning of sol/inheritance.hpp

#include <atomic>

namespace sol {
	template <typename... Args>
	struct base_list { };
	template <typename... Args>
	using bases = base_list<Args...>;

	typedef bases<> base_classes_tag;
	const auto base_classes = base_classes_tag();

	namespace detail {

		template <typename T>
		struct has_derived {
			static bool value;
		};

		template <typename T>
		bool has_derived<T>::value = false;

		inline std::size_t unique_id() {
			static std::atomic<std::size_t> x(0);
			return ++x;
		}

		template <typename T>
		struct id_for {
			static const std::size_t value;
		};

		template <typename T>
		const std::size_t id_for<T>::value = unique_id();

		inline decltype(auto) base_class_check_key() {
			static const auto& key = "class_check";
			return key;
		}

		inline decltype(auto) base_class_cast_key() {
			static const auto& key = "class_cast";
			return key;
		}

		inline decltype(auto) base_class_index_propogation_key() {
			static const auto& key = u8"\xF0\x9F\x8C\xB2.index";
			return key;
		}

		inline decltype(auto) base_class_new_index_propogation_key() {
			static const auto& key = u8"\xF0\x9F\x8C\xB2.new_index";
			return key;
		}

		template <typename T, typename... Bases>
		struct inheritance {
			static bool type_check_bases(types<>, std::size_t) {
				return false;
			}

			template <typename Base, typename... Args>
			static bool type_check_bases(types<Base, Args...>, std::size_t ti) {
				return ti == id_for<Base>::value || type_check_bases(types<Args...>(), ti);
			}

			static bool type_check(std::size_t ti) {
				return ti == id_for<T>::value || type_check_bases(types<Bases...>(), ti);
			}

			static void* type_cast_bases(types<>, T*, std::size_t) {
				return nullptr;
			}

			template <typename Base, typename... Args>
			static void* type_cast_bases(types<Base, Args...>, T* data, std::size_t ti) {
				// Make sure to convert to T first, and then dynamic cast to the proper type
				return ti != id_for<Base>::value ? type_cast_bases(types<Args...>(), data, ti) : static_cast<void*>(static_cast<Base*>(data));
			}

			static void* type_cast(void* voiddata, std::size_t ti) {
				T* data = static_cast<T*>(voiddata);
				return static_cast<void*>(ti != id_for<T>::value ? type_cast_bases(types<Bases...>(), data, ti) : data);
			}
		};

		using inheritance_check_function = decltype(&inheritance<void>::type_check);
		using inheritance_cast_function = decltype(&inheritance<void>::type_cast);

	} // detail
} // sol

// end of sol/inheritance.hpp

#include <cmath>
#ifdef SOL_CXX17_FEATURES
#endif // C++17

namespace sol {
	namespace stack {
		namespace stack_detail {
			template <typename T, bool poptable = true>
			inline bool check_metatable(lua_State* L, int index = -2) {
				const auto& metakey = usertype_traits<T>::metatable();
				luaL_getmetatable(L, &metakey[0]);
				const type expectedmetatabletype = static_cast<type>(lua_type(L, -1));
				if (expectedmetatabletype != type::lua_nil) {
					if (lua_rawequal(L, -1, index) == 1) {
						lua_pop(L, 1 + static_cast<int>(poptable));
						return true;
					}
				}
				lua_pop(L, 1);
				return false;
			}

			template <type expected, int(*check_func)(lua_State*, int)>
			struct basic_check {
				template <typename Handler>
				static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
					tracking.use(1);
					bool success = check_func(L, index) == 1;
					if (!success) {
						// expected type, actual type
						handler(L, index, expected, type_of(L, index), "");
					}
					return success;
				}
			};
		} // stack_detail

		template <typename T, type expected, typename>
		struct checker {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				const type indextype = type_of(L, index);
				bool success = expected == indextype;
				if (!success) {
					// expected type, actual type, message
					handler(L, index, expected, indextype, "");
				}
				return success;
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct checker<T, type::number, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value>> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
#if SOL_LUA_VERSION >= 503
#ifdef SOL_STRINGS_ARE_NUMBERS
				int isnum = 0;
				lua_tointegerx(L, index, &isnum);
				const bool success = isnum != 0;
#else
				// this check is precise, does not convert
				if (lua_isinteger(L, index) == 1) {
					return true;
				}
				const bool success = false;
#endif // If numbers are enabled, use the imprecise check
				if (!success) {
					// expected type, actual type
					handler(L, index, type::number, type_of(L, index), "not a numeric type");
				}
				return success;
#else
#ifndef SOL_STRINGS_ARE_NUMBERS
				// must pre-check, because it will convert
				type t = type_of(L, index);
				if (t != type::number) {
					// expected type, actual type
					handler(L, index, type::number, t, "not a numeric type");
					return false;
				}
#endif // Do not allow strings to be numbers
				int isnum = 0;
				const lua_Number v = lua_tonumberx(L, index, &isnum);
				const bool success = isnum != 0 && static_cast<lua_Number>(llround(v)) == v;
				if (!success) {
					// expected type, actual type
#ifndef SOL_STRINGS_ARE_NUMBERS
					handler(L, index, type::number, t, "not a numeric type");
#else
					handler(L, index, type::number, type_of(L, index), "not a numeric type or numeric string");
#endif
				}
				return success;
#endif
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct checker<T, type::number, std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<T>::value>> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
#ifndef SOL_STRINGS_ARE_NUMBERS
				type t = type_of(L, index);
				bool success = t == type::number;
				if (!success) {
					// expected type, actual type
					handler(L, index, type::number, t, "not a numeric type");
				}
				return success;
#else
				bool success = lua_isnumber(L, index) == 1;
				if (!success) {
					// expected type, actual type
					handler(L, index, type::number, type_of(L, index), "not a numeric type or numeric string");
				}
				return success;
#endif
			}
		};

		template <type expected, typename C>
		struct checker<lua_nil_t, expected, C> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				bool success = lua_isnil(L, index);
				if (success) {
					tracking.use(1);
					return success;
				}
				tracking.use(0);
				success = lua_isnone(L, index);
				if (!success) {
					// expected type, actual type
					handler(L, index, expected, type_of(L, index), "");
				}
				return success;
			}
		};

		template <type expected, typename C>
		struct checker<nullopt_t, expected, C> : checker<lua_nil_t> {};

		template <typename C>
		struct checker<this_state, type::poly, C> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State*, int, Handler&&, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(0);
				return true;
			}
		};

		template <typename C>
		struct checker<this_environment, type::poly, C> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State*, int, Handler&&, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(0);
				return true;
			}
		};

		template <typename C>
		struct checker<variadic_args, type::poly, C> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State*, int, Handler&&, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(0);
				return true;
			}
		};

		template <typename C>
		struct checker<type, type::poly, C> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State*, int, Handler&&, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(0);
				return true;
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename C>
		struct checker<T, type::poly, C> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				bool success = !lua_isnone(L, index);
				if (!success) {
					// expected type, actual type
					handler(L, index, type::none, type_of(L, index), "");
				}
				return success;
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename C>
		struct checker<T, type::lightuserdata, C> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				type t = type_of(L, index);
				bool success = t == type::userdata || t == type::lightuserdata;
				if (!success) {
					// expected type, actual type
					handler(L, index, type::lightuserdata, t, "");
				}
				return success;
			}
		};

		template <typename C>
		struct checker<userdata_value, type::userdata, C> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				type t = type_of(L, index);
				bool success = t == type::userdata;
				if (!success) {
					// expected type, actual type
					handler(L, index, type::userdata, t, "");
				}
				return success;
			}
		};

		template <typename B, typename C>
		struct checker<basic_userdata<B>, type::userdata, C> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				return stack::check<userdata_value>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename C>
		struct checker<user<T>, type::userdata, C> : checker<user<T>, type::lightuserdata, C> {};

		template <typename T, typename C>
		struct checker<non_null<T>, type::userdata, C> : checker<T, lua_type_of<T>::value, C> {};

		template <typename C>
		struct checker<lua_CFunction, type::function, C> : stack_detail::basic_check<type::function, lua_iscfunction> {};
		template <typename C>
		struct checker<std::remove_pointer_t<lua_CFunction>, type::function, C> : checker<lua_CFunction, type::function, C> {};
		template <typename C>
		struct checker<c_closure, type::function, C> : checker<lua_CFunction, type::function, C> {};

		template <typename T, typename C>
		struct checker<T, type::function, C> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				type t = type_of(L, index);
				if (t == type::lua_nil || t == type::none || t == type::function) {
					// allow for lua_nil to be returned
					return true;
				}
				if (t != type::userdata && t != type::table) {
					handler(L, index, type::function, t, "must be a function or table or a userdata");
					return false;
				}
				// Do advanced check for call-style userdata?
				static const auto& callkey = to_string(meta_function::call);
				if (lua_getmetatable(L, index) == 0) {
					// No metatable, no __call key possible
					handler(L, index, type::function, t, "value is not a function and does not have overriden metatable");
					return false;
				}
				if (lua_isnoneornil(L, -1)) {
					lua_pop(L, 1);
					handler(L, index, type::function, t, "value is not a function and does not have valid metatable");
					return false;
				}
				lua_getfield(L, -1, &callkey[0]);
				if (lua_isnoneornil(L, -1)) {
					lua_pop(L, 2);
					handler(L, index, type::function, t, "value's metatable does not have __call overridden in metatable, cannot call this type");
					return false;
				}
				// has call, is definitely a function
				lua_pop(L, 2);
				return true;
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename C>
		struct checker<T, type::table, C> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				type t = type_of(L, index);
				if (t == type::table) {
					return true;
				}
				if (t != type::userdata) {
					handler(L, index, type::table, t, "value is not a table or a userdata that can behave like one");
					return false;
				}
				return true;
			}
		};

		template <type expected, typename C>
		struct checker<metatable_t, expected, C> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				if (lua_getmetatable(L, index) == 0) {
					return true;
				}
				type t = type_of(L, -1);
				if (t == type::table || t == type::none || t == type::nil) {
					lua_pop(L, 1);
					return true;
				}
				if (t != type::userdata) {
					lua_pop(L, 1);
					handler(L, index, expected, t, "value does not have a valid metatable");
					return false;
				}
				return true;
			}
		};

		template <typename C>
		struct checker<env_t, type::poly, C> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				type t = type_of(L, index);
				if (t == type::table || t == type::none || t == type::nil || t == type::userdata) {
					return true;
				}
				handler(L, index, type::table, t, "value cannot not have a valid environment");
				return true;
			}
		};

		template <typename E, typename C>
		struct checker<basic_environment<E>, type::poly, C> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				if (lua_getmetatable(L, index) == 0) {
					return true;
				}
				type t = type_of(L, -1);
				if (t == type::table || t == type::none || t == type::nil) {
					lua_pop(L, 1);
					return true;
				}
				if (t != type::userdata) {
					lua_pop(L, 1);
					handler(L, index, type::table, t, "value does not have a valid metatable");
					return false;
				}
				return true;
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename C>
		struct checker<detail::as_value_tag<T>, type::userdata, C> {
			template <typename U, typename Handler>
			static bool check(types<U>, lua_State* L, type indextype, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				if (indextype != type::userdata) {
					handler(L, index, type::userdata, indextype, "value is not a valid userdata");
					return false;
				}
				if (meta::any<std::is_same<T, lightuserdata_value>, std::is_same<T, userdata_value>, std::is_same<T, userdata>, std::is_same<T, lightuserdata>>::value)
					return true;
				if (lua_getmetatable(L, index) == 0) {
					return true;
				}
				int metatableindex = lua_gettop(L);
				if (stack_detail::check_metatable<U>(L, metatableindex))
					return true;
				if (stack_detail::check_metatable<U*>(L, metatableindex))
					return true;
				if (stack_detail::check_metatable<detail::unique_usertype<U>>(L, metatableindex))
					return true;
				if (stack_detail::check_metatable<as_container_t<U>>(L, metatableindex))
					return true;
				bool success = false;
				if (detail::has_derived<T>::value) {
					auto pn = stack::pop_n(L, 1);
					lua_pushstring(L, &detail::base_class_check_key()[0]);
					lua_rawget(L, metatableindex);
					if (type_of(L, -1) != type::lua_nil) {
						void* basecastdata = lua_touserdata(L, -1);
						detail::inheritance_check_function ic = (detail::inheritance_check_function)basecastdata;
						success = ic(detail::id_for<T>::value);
					}
				}
				if (!success) {
					lua_pop(L, 1);
					handler(L, index, type::userdata, indextype, "value is not a valid sol userdata of any kind");
					return false;
				}
				lua_pop(L, 1);
				return true;
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename C>
		struct checker<T, type::userdata, C> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				const type indextype = type_of(L, index);
				return checker<detail::as_value_tag<T>, type::userdata, C>{}.check(types<T>(), L, indextype, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename C>
		struct checker<T*, type::userdata, C> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				const type indextype = type_of(L, index);
				// Allow lua_nil to be transformed to nullptr
				if (indextype == type::lua_nil) {
					tracking.use(1);
					return true;
				}
				return checker<meta::unqualified_t<T>, type::userdata, C>{}.check(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
			}
		};

		template<typename X>
		struct checker<X, type::userdata, std::enable_if_t<is_unique_usertype<X>::value>> {
			typedef typename unique_usertype_traits<X>::type T;
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				const type indextype = type_of(L, index);
				tracking.use(1);
				if (indextype != type::userdata) {
					handler(L, index, type::userdata, indextype, "value is not a userdata");
					return false;
				}
				if (lua_getmetatable(L, index) == 0) {
					return true;
				}
				int metatableindex = lua_gettop(L);
				if (stack_detail::check_metatable<detail::unique_usertype<T>>(L, metatableindex)) {
					void* memory = lua_touserdata(L, index);
					T** pointerpointer = static_cast<T**>(memory);
					detail::unique_destructor& pdx = *static_cast<detail::unique_destructor*>(static_cast<void*>(pointerpointer + 1));
					bool success = &detail::usertype_unique_alloc_destroy<T, X> == pdx;
					if (!success) {
						handler(L, index, type::userdata, indextype, "value is a userdata but is not the correct unique usertype");
					}
					return success;
				}
				lua_pop(L, 1);
				handler(L, index, type::userdata, indextype, "unrecognized userdata (not pushed by sol?)");
				return false;
			}
		};

		template<typename T, typename C>
		struct checker<std::reference_wrapper<T>, type::userdata, C> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				return checker<T, type::userdata, C>{}.check(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
			}
		};

		template<typename... Args, typename C>
		struct checker<std::tuple<Args...>, type::poly, C> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				return stack::multi_check<Args...>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
			}
		};

		template<typename A, typename B, typename C>
		struct checker<std::pair<A, B>, type::poly, C> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				return stack::multi_check<A, B>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
			}
		};

		template<typename T, typename C>
		struct checker<optional<T>, type::poly, C> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&&, record& tracking) {
				type t = type_of(L, index);
				if (t == type::none) {
					tracking.use(0);
					return true;
				}
				if (t == type::lua_nil) {
					tracking.use(1);
					return true;
				}
				return stack::check<T>(L, index, no_panic, tracking);
			}
		};

#ifdef SOL_CXX17_FEATURES
		template<typename... Tn, typename C>
		struct checker<std::variant<Tn...>, type::poly, C> {
			typedef std::variant<Tn...> V;
			typedef std::variant_size<V> V_size;
			typedef std::integral_constant<bool, V_size::value == 0> V_is_empty;

			template <typename Handler>
			static bool is_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, 0>, lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				if (V_is_empty::value && lua_isnone(L, index)) {
					return true;
				}
				tracking.use(1);
				handler(L, index, type::poly, type_of(L, index), "value does not fit any type present in the variant");
				return false;
			}

			template <std::size_t I, typename Handler>
			static bool is_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, I>, lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				typedef std::variant_alternative_t<I - 1, V> T;
				if (stack::check<T>(L, index, no_panic, tracking)) {
					return true;
				}
				return is_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, I - 1>(), L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
			}
			
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				return is_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, V_size::value>(), L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
			}
		};
#endif // C++17

	} // stack
} // sol

// end of sol/stack_check.hpp

// beginning of sol/stack_get.hpp

// beginning of sol/overload.hpp

namespace sol {
    template <typename... Functions>
    struct overload_set {
        std::tuple<Functions...> functions;
        template <typename Arg, typename... Args, meta::disable<std::is_same<overload_set, meta::unqualified_t<Arg>>> = meta::enabler>
        overload_set (Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) : functions(std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
        overload_set(const overload_set&) = default;
        overload_set(overload_set&&) = default;
        overload_set& operator=(const overload_set&) = default;
        overload_set& operator=(overload_set&&) = default;
    };

    template <typename... Args>
    decltype(auto) overload(Args&&... args) {
        return overload_set<std::decay_t<Args>...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }
}

// end of sol/overload.hpp

#ifdef SOL_CODECVT_SUPPORT
#include <codecvt>
#endif // codecvt header support
#ifdef SOL_CXX17_FEATURES
#endif // C++17

namespace sol {
	namespace stack {

		template<typename T, typename>
		struct getter {
			static T& get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				return getter<detail::as_value_tag<T>>{}.get(L, index, tracking);
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct getter<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<T>::value>> {
			static T get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				return static_cast<T>(lua_tonumber(L, index));
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct getter<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value>> {
			static T get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
#if SOL_LUA_VERSION >= 503
				if (lua_isinteger(L, index) != 0) {
					return static_cast<T>(lua_tointeger(L, index));
				}
#endif
				return static_cast<T>(llround(lua_tonumber(L, index)));
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct getter<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum<T>::value>> {
			static T get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				return static_cast<T>(lua_tointegerx(L, index, nullptr));
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct getter<as_table_t<T>> {
			typedef meta::unqualified_t<T> Tu;

			template <typename V>
			static void push_back_at_end(std::true_type, types<V>, lua_State* L, T& arr, std::size_t) {
				arr.push_back(stack::get<V>(L, -lua_size<V>::value));
			}

			template <typename V>
			static void push_back_at_end(std::false_type, types<V> t, lua_State* L, T& arr, std::size_t idx) {
				insert_at_end(meta::has_insert<Tu>(), t, L, arr, idx);
			}

			template <typename V>
			static void insert_at_end(std::true_type, types<V>, lua_State* L, T& arr, std::size_t) {
				using std::end;
				arr.insert(end(arr), stack::get<V>(L, -lua_size<V>::value));
			}

			template <typename V>
			static void insert_at_end(std::false_type, types<V>, lua_State* L, T& arr, std::size_t idx) {
				arr[idx] = stack::get<V>(L, -lua_size<V>::value);
			}

			static T get(lua_State* L, int relindex, record& tracking) {
				return get(meta::has_key_value_pair<meta::unqualified_t<T>>(), L, relindex, tracking);
			}

			static T get(std::false_type, lua_State* L, int relindex, record& tracking) {
				typedef typename T::value_type V;
				return get(types<V>(), L, relindex, tracking);
			}

			template <typename V>
			static T get(types<V> t, lua_State* L, int relindex, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);

				int index = lua_absindex(L, relindex);
				T arr;
				std::size_t idx = 0;
#if SOL_LUA_VERSION >= 503
				// This method is HIGHLY performant over regular table iteration thanks to the Lua API changes in 5.3
				for (lua_Integer i = 0; ; i += lua_size<V>::value, lua_pop(L, lua_size<V>::value)) {
					if (idx >= arr.max_size()) {
						return arr;
					}
					bool isnil = false;
					for (int vi = 0; vi < lua_size<V>::value; ++vi) {
						type t = static_cast<type>(lua_geti(L, index, i + vi));
						isnil = t == type::lua_nil;
						if (isnil) {
							if (i == 0) {
								break;
							}
							lua_pop(L, (vi + 1));
							return arr;
						}
					}
					if (isnil)
						continue;
					push_back_at_end(meta::has_push_back<Tu>(), t, L, arr, idx);
					++idx;
				}
#else
				// Zzzz slower but necessary thanks to the lower version API and missing functions qq
				for (lua_Integer i = 0; ; i += lua_size<V>::value, lua_pop(L, lua_size<V>::value)) {
					bool isnil = false;
					for (int vi = 0; vi < lua_size<V>::value; ++vi) {
						lua_pushinteger(L, i);
						lua_gettable(L, index);
						type t = type_of(L, -1);
						isnil = t == type::lua_nil;
						if (isnil) {
							if (i == 0) {
								break;
							}
							lua_pop(L, (vi + 1));
							return arr;
						}
					}
					if (isnil)
						continue;
					push_back_at_end(meta::has_push_back<Tu>(), t, L, arr, idx);
					++idx;
				}
#endif
				return arr;
			}

			static T get(std::true_type, lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				typedef typename T::value_type P;
				typedef typename P::first_type K;
				typedef typename P::second_type V;
				return get(types<K, V>(), L, index, tracking);
			}

			template <typename K, typename V>
			static T get(types<K, V>, lua_State* L, int relindex, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);

				T associative;
				int index = lua_absindex(L, relindex);
				lua_pushnil(L);
				while (lua_next(L, index) != 0) {
					decltype(auto) key = stack::check_get<K>(L, -2);
					if (!key) {
						lua_pop(L, 1);
						continue;
					}
					associative.emplace(std::forward<decltype(*key)>(*key), stack::get<V>(L, -1));
					lua_pop(L, 1);
				}
				return associative;
			}
		};

		template<typename T, typename Al>
		struct getter<as_table_t<std::forward_list<T, Al>>> {
			typedef std::forward_list<T, Al> C;

			static C get(lua_State* L, int relindex, record& tracking) {
				return get(meta::has_key_value_pair<C>(), L, relindex, tracking);
			}

			static C get(std::true_type, lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				typedef typename T::value_type P;
				typedef typename P::first_type K;
				typedef typename P::second_type V;
				return get(types<K, V>(), L, index, tracking);
			}

			static C get(std::false_type, lua_State* L, int relindex, record& tracking) {
				typedef typename C::value_type V;
				return get(types<V>(), L, relindex, tracking);
			}

			template <typename V>
			static C get(types<V>, lua_State* L, int relindex, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);

				int index = lua_absindex(L, relindex);
				C arr;
				auto at = arr.cbefore_begin();
				std::size_t idx = 0;
#if SOL_LUA_VERSION >= 503
				// This method is HIGHLY performant over regular table iteration thanks to the Lua API changes in 5.3
				for (lua_Integer i = 0; ; i += lua_size<V>::value, lua_pop(L, lua_size<V>::value)) {
					if (idx >= arr.max_size()) {
						return arr;
					}
					bool isnil = false;
					for (int vi = 0; vi < lua_size<V>::value; ++vi) {
						type t = static_cast<type>(lua_geti(L, index, i + vi));
						isnil = t == type::lua_nil;
						if (isnil) {
							if (i == 0) {
								break;
							}
							lua_pop(L, (vi + 1));
							return arr;
						}
					}
					if (isnil)
						continue;
					at = arr.insert_after(at, stack::get<V>(L, -lua_size<V>::value));
					++idx;
				}
#else
				// Zzzz slower but necessary thanks to the lower version API and missing functions qq
				for (lua_Integer i = 0; ; i += lua_size<V>::value, lua_pop(L, lua_size<V>::value)) {
					bool isnil = false;
					for (int vi = 0; vi < lua_size<V>::value; ++vi) {
						lua_pushinteger(L, i);
						lua_gettable(L, index);
						type t = type_of(L, -1);
						isnil = t == type::lua_nil;
						if (isnil) {
							if (i == 0) {
								break;
							}
							lua_pop(L, (vi + 1));
							return arr;
						}
					}
					if (isnil)
						continue;
					at = arr.insert_after(at, stack::get<V>(L, -lua_size<V>::value));
					++idx;
				}
#endif
				return arr;
			}

			template <typename K, typename V>
			static C get(types<K, V>, lua_State* L, int relindex, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);

				C associative;
				auto at = associative.cbefore_begin();
				int index = lua_absindex(L, relindex);
				lua_pushnil(L);
				while (lua_next(L, index) != 0) {
					decltype(auto) key = stack::check_get<K>(L, -2);
					if (!key) {
						lua_pop(L, 1);
						continue;
					}
					at = associative.emplace_after(at, std::forward<decltype(*key)>(*key), stack::get<V>(L, -1));
					lua_pop(L, 1);
				}
				return associative;
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct getter<nested<T>, std::enable_if_t<!is_container<T>::value>> {
			static T get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				getter<T> g;
				// VC++ has a bad warning here: shut it up
				(void)g;
				return g.get(L, index, tracking);
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct getter<nested<T>, std::enable_if_t<meta::all<is_container<T>, meta::neg<meta::has_key_value_pair<meta::unqualified_t<T>>>>::value>> {
			static T get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				typedef typename T::value_type V;
				getter<as_table_t<T>> g;
				// VC++ has a bad warning here: shut it up
				(void)g;
				return g.get(types<nested<V>>(), L, index, tracking);
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct getter<nested<T>, std::enable_if_t<meta::all<is_container<T>, meta::has_key_value_pair<meta::unqualified_t<T>>>::value>> {
			static T get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				typedef typename T::value_type P;
				typedef typename P::first_type K;
				typedef typename P::second_type V;
				getter<as_table_t<T>> g;
				// VC++ has a bad warning here: shut it up
				(void)g;
				return g.get(types<K, nested<V>>(), L, index, tracking);
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct getter<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of<reference, T>::value || std::is_base_of<stack_reference, T>::value>> {
			static T get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				return T(L, index);
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct getter<userdata_value> {
			static userdata_value get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				return userdata_value(lua_touserdata(L, index));
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct getter<lightuserdata_value> {
			static lightuserdata_value get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				return lightuserdata_value(lua_touserdata(L, index));
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct getter<light<T>> {
			static light<T> get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				return light<T>(static_cast<T*>(lua_touserdata(L, index)));
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct getter<user<T>> {
			static std::add_lvalue_reference_t<T> get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				return *static_cast<std::remove_reference_t<T>*>(lua_touserdata(L, index));
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct getter<user<T*>> {
			static T* get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				return static_cast<T*>(lua_touserdata(L, index));
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct getter<type> {
			static type get(lua_State *L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				return static_cast<type>(lua_type(L, index));
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct getter<bool> {
			static bool get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				return lua_toboolean(L, index) != 0;
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct getter<std::string> {
			static std::string get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				std::size_t len;
				auto str = lua_tolstring(L, index, &len);
				return std::string(str, len);
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct getter<const char*> {
			static const char* get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				size_t sz;
				return lua_tolstring(L, index, &sz);
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct getter<char> {
			static char get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				size_t len;
				auto str = lua_tolstring(L, index, &len);
				return len > 0 ? str[0] : '\0';
			}
		};

#ifdef SOL_CODECVT_SUPPORT
		template<>
		struct getter<std::wstring> {
			static std::wstring get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				size_t len;
				auto str = lua_tolstring(L, index, &len);
				if (len < 1)
					return std::wstring();
				if (sizeof(wchar_t) == 2) {
					thread_local std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>> convert;
					std::wstring r = convert.from_bytes(str, str + len);
#if defined(__MINGW32__) && defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ < 7
					// Fuck you, MinGW, and fuck you libstdc++ for introducing this absolutely asinine bug
					// https://sourceforge.net/p/mingw-w64/bugs/538/
					// http://chat.stackoverflow.com/transcript/message/32271369#32271369
					for (auto& c : r) {
						uint8_t* b = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&c);
						std::swap(b[0], b[1]);
					}
#endif 
					return r;
				}
				thread_local std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>> convert;
				std::wstring r = convert.from_bytes(str, str + len);
				return r;
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct getter<std::u16string> {
			static std::u16string get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				size_t len;
				auto str = lua_tolstring(L, index, &len);
				if (len < 1)
					return std::u16string();
#ifdef _MSC_VER
				thread_local std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8_utf16<int16_t>, int16_t> convert;
				auto intd = convert.from_bytes(str, str + len);
				std::u16string r(intd.size(), '\0');
				std::memcpy(&r[0], intd.data(), intd.size() * sizeof(char16_t));
#else
				thread_local std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>, char16_t> convert;
				std::u16string r = convert.from_bytes(str, str + len);
#endif // VC++ is a shit
				return r;
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct getter<std::u32string> {
			static std::u32string get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				size_t len;
				auto str = lua_tolstring(L, index, &len);
				if (len < 1)
					return std::u32string();
#ifdef _MSC_VER
				thread_local std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<int32_t>, int32_t> convert;
				auto intd = convert.from_bytes(str, str + len);
				std::u32string r(intd.size(), '\0');
				std::memcpy(&r[0], intd.data(), r.size() * sizeof(char32_t));
#else
				thread_local std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<char32_t>, char32_t> convert;
				std::u32string r = convert.from_bytes(str, str + len);
#endif // VC++ is a shit
				return r;
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct getter<wchar_t> {
			static wchar_t get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				auto str = getter<std::wstring>{}.get(L, index, tracking);
				return str.size() > 0 ? str[0] : wchar_t(0);
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct getter<char16_t> {
			static char16_t get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				auto str = getter<std::u16string>{}.get(L, index, tracking);
				return str.size() > 0 ? str[0] : char16_t(0);
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct getter<char32_t> {
			static char32_t get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				auto str = getter<std::u32string>{}.get(L, index, tracking);
				return str.size() > 0 ? str[0] : char32_t(0);
			}
		};
#endif // codecvt header support

		template<>
		struct getter<meta_function> {
			static meta_function get(lua_State *L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				const char* name = getter<const char*>{}.get(L, index, tracking);
				const auto& mfnames = meta_function_names();
				for (std::size_t i = 0; i < mfnames.size(); ++i)
					if (mfnames[i] == name)
						return static_cast<meta_function>(i);
				return meta_function::construct;
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct getter<lua_nil_t> {
			static lua_nil_t get(lua_State*, int, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				return lua_nil;
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct getter<std::nullptr_t> {
			static std::nullptr_t get(lua_State*, int, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				return nullptr;
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct getter<nullopt_t> {
			static nullopt_t get(lua_State*, int, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				return nullopt;
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct getter<this_state> {
			static this_state get(lua_State* L, int, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(0);
				return this_state{ L };
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct getter<lua_CFunction> {
			static lua_CFunction get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				return lua_tocfunction(L, index);
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct getter<c_closure> {
			static c_closure get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				return c_closure(lua_tocfunction(L, index), -1);
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct getter<error> {
			static error get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				size_t sz = 0;
				const char* err = lua_tolstring(L, index, &sz);
				if (err == nullptr) {
					return error(detail::direct_error, "");
				}
				return error(detail::direct_error, std::string(err, sz));
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct getter<void*> {
			static void* get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				return lua_touserdata(L, index);
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct getter<detail::as_value_tag<T>> {
			static T* get_no_lua_nil(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				void** pudata = static_cast<void**>(lua_touserdata(L, index));
				void* udata = *pudata;
				return get_no_lua_nil_from(L, udata, index, tracking);
			}

			static T* get_no_lua_nil_from(lua_State* L, void* udata, int index, record&) {
				if (detail::has_derived<T>::value && luaL_getmetafield(L, index, &detail::base_class_cast_key()[0]) != 0) {
					void* basecastdata = lua_touserdata(L, -1);
					detail::inheritance_cast_function ic = (detail::inheritance_cast_function)basecastdata;
					// use the casting function to properly adjust the pointer for the desired T
					udata = ic(udata, detail::id_for<T>::value);
					lua_pop(L, 1);
				}
				T* obj = static_cast<T*>(udata);
				return obj;
			}

			static T& get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				return *get_no_lua_nil(L, index, tracking);
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct getter<detail::as_pointer_tag<T>> {
			static T* get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				type t = type_of(L, index);
				if (t == type::lua_nil) {
					tracking.use(1);
					return nullptr;
				}
				getter<detail::as_value_tag<T>> g;
				// Avoid VC++ warning
				(void)g;
				return g.get_no_lua_nil(L, index, tracking);
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct getter<non_null<T*>> {
			static T* get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				getter<detail::as_value_tag<T>> g;
				// Avoid VC++ warning
				(void)g;
				return g.get_no_lua_nil(L, index, tracking);
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct getter<T&> {
			static T& get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				getter<detail::as_value_tag<T>> g;
				// Avoid VC++ warning
				(void)g;
				return g.get(L, index, tracking);
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct getter<std::reference_wrapper<T>> {
			static T& get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				getter<T&> g;
				// Avoid VC++ warning
				(void)g;
				return g.get(L, index, tracking);
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct getter<T*> {
			static T* get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				getter<detail::as_pointer_tag<T>> g;
				// Avoid VC++ warning
				(void)g;
				return g.get(L, index, tracking);
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct getter<T, std::enable_if_t<is_unique_usertype<T>::value>> {
			typedef typename unique_usertype_traits<T>::type P;
			typedef typename unique_usertype_traits<T>::actual_type Real;

			static Real& get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				P** pref = static_cast<P**>(lua_touserdata(L, index));
				detail::unique_destructor* fx = static_cast<detail::unique_destructor*>(static_cast<void*>(pref + 1));
				Real* mem = static_cast<Real*>(static_cast<void*>(fx + 1));
				return *mem;
			}
		};

		template<typename... Tn>
		struct getter<std::tuple<Tn...>> {
			typedef std::tuple<decltype(stack::get<Tn>(nullptr, 0))...> R;

			template <typename... Args>
			static R apply(std::index_sequence<>, lua_State*, int, record&, Args&&... args) {
				// Fuck you too, VC++
				return R{ std::forward<Args>(args)... };
			}

			template <std::size_t I, std::size_t... Ix, typename... Args>
			static R apply(std::index_sequence<I, Ix...>, lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking, Args&&... args) {
				// Fuck you too, VC++
				typedef std::tuple_element_t<I, std::tuple<Tn...>> T;
				return apply(std::index_sequence<Ix...>(), L, index, tracking, std::forward<Args>(args)..., stack::get<T>(L, index + tracking.used, tracking));
			}

			static R get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				return apply(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Tn)>(), L, index, tracking);
			}
		};

		template<typename A, typename B>
		struct getter<std::pair<A, B>> {
			static decltype(auto) get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				return std::pair<decltype(stack::get<A>(L, index)), decltype(stack::get<B>(L, index))>{stack::get<A>(L, index, tracking), stack::get<B>(L, index + tracking.used, tracking)};
			}
		};

#ifdef SOL_CXX17_FEATURES
		template<>
		struct getter<std::string_view> {
			static std::string_view get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				size_t sz;
				const char* str = lua_tolstring(L, index, &sz);
				return std::string_view(str, sz);
			}
		};

		template <typename... Tn>
		struct getter<std::variant<Tn...>> {
			typedef std::variant<Tn...> V;
			typedef std::variant_size<V> V_size;
			typedef std::integral_constant<bool, V_size::value == 0> V_is_empty;

			static V get_empty(std::true_type, lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				return V();
			}

			static V get_empty(std::false_type, lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				typedef std::variant_alternative_t<0, V> T;
				// This should never be reached...
				// please check your code and understand what you did to bring yourself here
				std::abort();
				return V(std::in_place_index<0>, stack::get<T>(L, index));
			}

			static V get_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, 0>, lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				return get_empty(V_is_empty(), L, index, tracking);
			}

			template <std::size_t I>
			static V get_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, I>, lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				typedef std::variant_alternative_t<I - 1, V> T;
				if (stack::check<T>(L, index, no_panic, tracking)) {
					return V(std::in_place_index<I - 1>, stack::get<T>(L, index));
				}
				return get_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, I - 1>(), L, index, tracking);
			}

			static V get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				return get_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, V_size::value>(), L, index, tracking);
			}
		};
#else
		template <>
		struct getter<string_detail::string_shim> {
			string_detail::string_shim get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				size_t len;
				const char* p = lua_tolstring(L, index, &len);
				return string_detail::string_shim(p, len);
			}
		};
#endif // C++17-wave

	} // stack
} // sol

// end of sol/stack_get.hpp

// beginning of sol/stack_check_get.hpp

namespace sol {
	namespace stack {
		template <typename T, typename>
		struct check_getter {
			typedef decltype(stack_detail::unchecked_get<T>(nullptr, 0, std::declval<record&>())) R;

			template <typename Handler>
			static optional<R> get(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				if (!check<T>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler))) {
					tracking.use(static_cast<int>(!lua_isnone(L, index)));
					return nullopt;
				}
				return stack_detail::unchecked_get<T>(L, index, tracking);
			}
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct check_getter<optional<T>> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static decltype(auto) get(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&&, record& tracking) {
				return check_get<T>(L, index, no_panic, tracking);
			}
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct check_getter<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value && lua_type_of<T>::value == type::number>> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static optional<T> get(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
#if SOL_LUA_VERSION >= 503
				if (lua_isinteger(L, index) != 0) {
					tracking.use(1);
					return static_cast<T>(lua_tointeger(L, index));
				}
#endif
				int isnum = 0;
				const lua_Number value = lua_tonumberx(L, index, &isnum);
				if (isnum != 0) {
#if defined(SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS) && !defined(SOL_NO_CHECK_NUMBER_PRECISION)
					const auto integer_value = llround(value);
					if (static_cast<lua_Number>(integer_value) == value) {
						tracking.use(1);
						return static_cast<T>(integer_value);
					}
#else
					tracking.use(1);
					return static_cast<T>(value);
#endif
				}
				const type t = type_of(L, index);
				tracking.use(static_cast<int>(t != type::none));
				handler(L, index, type::number, t, "not an integer");
				return nullopt;
			}
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct check_getter<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum<T>::value && !meta::any_same<T, meta_function, type>::value>> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static optional<T> get(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				int isnum = 0;
				lua_Integer value = lua_tointegerx(L, index, &isnum);
				if (isnum == 0) {
					type t = type_of(L, index);
					tracking.use(static_cast<int>(t != type::none));
					handler(L, index, type::number, t, "not a valid enumeration value");
					return nullopt;
				}
				tracking.use(1);
				return static_cast<T>(value);
			}
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct check_getter<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<T>::value>> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static optional<T> get(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				int isnum = 0;
				lua_Number value = lua_tonumberx(L, index, &isnum);
				if (isnum == 0) {
					type t = type_of(L, index);
					tracking.use(static_cast<int>(t != type::none));
					handler(L, index, type::number, t, "not a valid floating point number");
					return nullopt;
				}
				tracking.use(1);
				return static_cast<T>(value);
			}
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct getter<optional<T>> {
			static decltype(auto) get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				return check_get<T>(L, index, no_panic, tracking);
			}
		};

#ifdef SOL_CXX17_FEATURES
		template <typename... Tn>
		struct check_getter<std::variant<Tn...>> {
			typedef std::variant<Tn...> V;
			typedef std::variant_size<V> V_size;
			typedef std::integral_constant<bool, V_size::value == 0> V_is_empty;

			template <typename Handler>
			static optional<V> get_empty(std::true_type, lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				return nullopt;
			}

			template <typename Handler>
			static optional<V> get_empty(std::false_type, lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				typedef std::variant_alternative_t<0, V> T;
				// This should never be reached...
				// please check your code and understand what you did to bring yourself here
				handler(L, index, type::poly, type_of(L, index), "this variant code should never be reached: if it has, you have done something so terribly wrong");
				return nullopt;
			}

			template <typename Handler>
			static optional<V> get_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, 0>, lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				return get_empty(V_is_empty(), L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
			}

			template <std::size_t I, typename Handler>
			static optional<V> get_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, I>, lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				typedef std::variant_alternative_t<I - 1, V> T;
				if (stack::check<T>(L, index, no_panic, tracking)) {
					return V(std::in_place_index<I - 1>, stack::get<T>(L, index));
				}
				return get_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, I - 1>(), L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
			}

			template <typename Handler>
			static optional<V> get(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				return get_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, V_size::value>(), L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
			}
		};
#endif // C++17
	} // stack
} // sol

// end of sol/stack_check_get.hpp

// beginning of sol/stack_push.hpp

#include <cassert>
#include <limits>
#ifdef SOL_CODECVT_SUPPORT
#endif // codecvt support
#ifdef SOL_CXX17_FEATURES
#endif // C++17

namespace sol {
	namespace stack {
		inline int push_environment_of(lua_State* L, int index = -1) {
#if SOL_LUA_VERSION < 502
			// Use lua_getfenv
			lua_getfenv(L, index);
			return 1;
#else
			// Use upvalues as explained in Lua 5.2 and beyond's manual
			if (lua_getupvalue(L, index, 1) == nullptr) {
				push(L, lua_nil);
				return 1;
			}
#endif
			return 1;
		}

		template <typename T>
		int push_environment_of(const T& target) {
			target.push();
			return push_environment_of(target.lua_state(), -1) + 1;
		}

		template <typename T>
		struct pusher<detail::as_value_tag<T>> {
			template <typename F, typename... Args>
			static int push_fx(lua_State* L, F&& f, Args&&... args) {
				// Basically, we store all user-data like this:
				// If it's a movable/copyable value (no std::ref(x)), then we store the pointer to the new
				// data in the first sizeof(T*) bytes, and then however many bytes it takes to
				// do the actual object. Things that are std::ref or plain T* are stored as 
				// just the sizeof(T*), and nothing else.
				T** pointerpointer = static_cast<T**>(lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(T*) + sizeof(T)));
				T*& referencereference = *pointerpointer;
				T* allocationtarget = reinterpret_cast<T*>(pointerpointer + 1);
				referencereference = allocationtarget;
				std::allocator<T> alloc{};
				alloc.construct(allocationtarget, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
				f();
				return 1;
			}

			template <typename K, typename... Args>
			static int push_keyed(lua_State* L, K&& k, Args&&... args) {
				stack_detail::undefined_metatable<T> fx(L, &k[0]);
				return push_fx(L, fx, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename... Args>
			static int push(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
				return push_keyed(L, usertype_traits<T>::metatable(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct pusher<detail::as_pointer_tag<T>> {
			typedef meta::unqualified_t<T> U;

			template <typename F>
			static int push_fx(lua_State* L, F&& f, T* obj) {
				if (obj == nullptr)
					return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
				T** pref = static_cast<T**>(lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(T*)));
				*pref = obj;
				f();
				return 1;
			}

			template <typename K>
			static int push_keyed(lua_State* L, K&& k, T* obj) {
				stack_detail::undefined_metatable<U*> fx(L, &k[0]);
				return push_fx(L, fx, obj);
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, T* obj) {
				return push_keyed(L, usertype_traits<U*>::metatable(), obj);
			}
		};

		template <>
		struct pusher<detail::as_reference_tag> {
			template <typename T>
			static int push(lua_State* L, T&& obj) {
				return stack::push(L, detail::ptr(obj));
			}
		};

		template<typename T, typename>
		struct pusher {
			template <typename... Args>
			static int push(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
				return pusher<detail::as_value_tag<T>>{}.push(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}
		};
		
		template<typename T>
		struct pusher<T*, meta::disable_if_t<
			meta::any<
				is_container<meta::unqualified_t<T>>, 
				std::is_function<meta::unqualified_t<T>>,
				std::is_base_of<reference, meta::unqualified_t<T>>, 
				std::is_base_of<stack_reference, meta::unqualified_t<T>>
			>::value
		>> {
			template <typename... Args>
			static int push(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
				return pusher<detail::as_pointer_tag<T>>{}.push(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct pusher<T, std::enable_if_t<is_unique_usertype<T>::value>> {
			typedef typename unique_usertype_traits<T>::type P;
			typedef typename unique_usertype_traits<T>::actual_type Real;

			template <typename Arg, meta::enable<std::is_base_of<Real, meta::unqualified_t<Arg>>> = meta::enabler>
			static int push(lua_State* L, Arg&& arg) {
				if (unique_usertype_traits<T>::is_null(arg)) {
					return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
				}
				return push_deep(L, std::forward<Arg>(arg));
			}

			template <typename Arg0, typename Arg1, typename... Args>
			static int push(lua_State* L, Arg0&& arg0, Arg0&& arg1, Args&&... args) {
				return push_deep(L, std::forward<Arg0>(arg0), std::forward<Arg1>(arg1), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename... Args>
			static int push_deep(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
				P** pref = static_cast<P**>(lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(P*) + sizeof(detail::unique_destructor) + sizeof(Real)));
				detail::unique_destructor* fx = static_cast<detail::unique_destructor*>(static_cast<void*>(pref + 1));
				Real* mem = static_cast<Real*>(static_cast<void*>(fx + 1));
				*fx = detail::usertype_unique_alloc_destroy<P, Real>;
				detail::default_construct::construct(mem, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
				*pref = unique_usertype_traits<T>::get(*mem);
				if (luaL_newmetatable(L, &usertype_traits<detail::unique_usertype<P>>::metatable()[0]) == 1) {
					luaL_Reg l[32]{};
					int index = 0;
					auto prop_fx = [](meta_function) { return true; };
					usertype_detail::insert_default_registrations<P>(l, index, prop_fx);
					usertype_detail::make_destructor<T>(l, index);
					luaL_setfuncs(L, l, 0);
				}
				lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct pusher<std::reference_wrapper<T>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const std::reference_wrapper<T>& t) {
				return stack::push(L, std::addressof(detail::deref(t.get())));
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct pusher<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<T>::value>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const T& value) {
				lua_pushnumber(L, value);
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct pusher<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const T& value) {
#if SOL_LUA_VERSION >= 503
				static auto integer_value_fits = [](T const& value) {
					if (sizeof(T) < sizeof(lua_Integer) || (std::is_signed<T>::value && sizeof(T) == sizeof(lua_Integer))) {
						return true;
					}
					auto u_min = static_cast<std::intmax_t>((std::numeric_limits<lua_Integer>::min)());
					auto u_max = static_cast<std::uintmax_t>((std::numeric_limits<lua_Integer>::max)());
					auto t_min = static_cast<std::intmax_t>((std::numeric_limits<T>::min)());
					auto t_max = static_cast<std::uintmax_t>((std::numeric_limits<T>::max)());
					return (u_min <= t_min || value >= static_cast<T>(u_min)) && (u_max >= t_max || value <= static_cast<T>(u_max));
				};
				if (integer_value_fits(value)) {
					lua_pushinteger(L, static_cast<lua_Integer>(value));
					return 1;
				}
#endif
#if defined(SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS) && !defined(SOL_NO_CHECK_NUMBER_PRECISION)
				if (static_cast<T>(llround(static_cast<lua_Number>(value))) != value) {
#ifdef SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS
					// Is this really worth it?
					assert(false && "integer value will be misrepresented in lua");
					lua_pushnumber(L, static_cast<lua_Number>(value));
					return 1;
#else
					throw error(detail::direct_error, "integer value will be misrepresented in lua");
#endif
				}
#endif
				lua_pushnumber(L, static_cast<lua_Number>(value));
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct pusher<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum<T>::value>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const T& value) {
				if (std::is_same<char, std::underlying_type_t<T>>::value) {
					return stack::push(L, static_cast<int>(value));
				}
				return stack::push(L, static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<T>>(value));
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct pusher<as_table_t<T>, std::enable_if_t<is_container<std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<T>>>::value>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const T& tablecont) {
				return push(meta::has_key_value_pair<meta::unqualified_t<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>>(), L, tablecont);
			}
			
			static int push(std::true_type, lua_State* L, const T& tablecont) {
				auto& cont = detail::deref(detail::unwrap(tablecont));
				lua_createtable(L, static_cast<int>(cont.size()), 0);
				int tableindex = lua_gettop(L);
				for (const auto& pair : cont) {
					set_field(L, pair.first, pair.second, tableindex);
				}
				return 1;
			}
			
			static int push(std::false_type, lua_State* L, const T& tablecont) {
				auto& cont = detail::deref(detail::unwrap(tablecont));
				lua_createtable(L, stack_detail::get_size_hint(cont), 0);
				int tableindex = lua_gettop(L);
				std::size_t index = 1;
				for (const auto& i : cont) {
#if SOL_LUA_VERSION >= 503
					int p = stack::push(L, i);
					for (int pi = 0; pi < p; ++pi) {
						lua_seti(L, tableindex, static_cast<lua_Integer>(index++));
					}
#else
					lua_pushinteger(L, static_cast<lua_Integer>(index));
					int p = stack::push(L, i);
					if (p == 1) {
						++index;
						lua_settable(L, tableindex);
					}
					else {
						int firstindex = tableindex + 1 + 1;
						for (int pi = 0; pi < p; ++pi) {
							stack::push(L, index);
							lua_pushvalue(L, firstindex);
							lua_settable(L, tableindex);
							++index;
							++firstindex;
						}
						lua_pop(L, 1 + p);
					}
#endif
				}
				// TODO: figure out a better way to do this...?
				//set_field(L, -1, cont.size());
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct pusher<as_table_t<T>, std::enable_if_t<!is_container<std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<T>>>::value>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const T& v) {
				return stack::push(L, v);
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct pusher<nested<T>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const T& tablecont) {
				pusher<as_table_t<T>> p{};
				// silence annoying VC++ warning
				(void)p;
				return p.push(L, tablecont);
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct pusher<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of<reference, T>::value || std::is_base_of<stack_reference, T>::value>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const T& ref) {
				return ref.push(L);
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, T&& ref) {
				return ref.push(L);
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<bool> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, bool b) {
				lua_pushboolean(L, b);
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<lua_nil_t> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, lua_nil_t) {
				lua_pushnil(L);
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<stack_count> {
			static int push(lua_State*, stack_count st) {
				return st.count;
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<metatable_t> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, metatable_t) {
				lua_pushlstring(L, "__mt", 4);
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<std::remove_pointer_t<lua_CFunction>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, lua_CFunction func, int n = 0) {
				lua_pushcclosure(L, func, n);
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<lua_CFunction> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, lua_CFunction func, int n = 0) {
				lua_pushcclosure(L, func, n);
				return 1;
			}
		};
#ifdef SOL_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE
		template<>
		struct pusher<std::remove_pointer_t<detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept func, int n = 0) {
				lua_pushcclosure(L, func, n);
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept func, int n = 0) {
				lua_pushcclosure(L, func, n);
				return 1;
			}
		};
#endif // noexcept function type

		template<>
		struct pusher<c_closure> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, c_closure cc) {
				lua_pushcclosure(L, cc.c_function, cc.upvalues);
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template<typename Arg, typename... Args>
		struct pusher<closure<Arg, Args...>> {
			template <std::size_t... I, typename T>
			static int push(std::index_sequence<I...>, lua_State* L, T&& c) {
				int pushcount = multi_push(L, detail::forward_get<I>(c.upvalues)...);
				return stack::push(L, c_closure(c.c_function, pushcount));
			}

			template <typename T>
			static int push(lua_State* L, T&& c) {
				return push(std::make_index_sequence<1 + sizeof...(Args)>(), L, std::forward<T>(c));
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<void*> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, void* userdata) {
				lua_pushlightuserdata(L, userdata);
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<lightuserdata_value> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, lightuserdata_value userdata) {
				lua_pushlightuserdata(L, userdata);
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct pusher<light<T>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, light<T> l) {
				lua_pushlightuserdata(L, static_cast<void*>(l.value));
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct pusher<user<T>> {
			template <bool with_meta = true, typename Key, typename... Args>
			static int push_with(lua_State* L, Key&& name, Args&&... args) {
				// A dumb pusher
				void* rawdata = lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(T));
				T* data = static_cast<T*>(rawdata);
				std::allocator<T> alloc;
				alloc.construct(data, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
				if (with_meta) {
					lua_CFunction cdel = detail::user_alloc_destruct<T>;
					// Make sure we have a plain GC set for this data
					if (luaL_newmetatable(L, name) != 0) {
						lua_pushcclosure(L, cdel, 0);
						lua_setfield(L, -2, "__gc");
					}
					lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
				}
				return 1;
			}

			template <typename Arg, typename... Args, meta::disable<meta::any_same<meta::unqualified_t<Arg>, no_metatable_t, metatable_t>> = meta::enabler>
			static int push(lua_State* L, Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) {
				const auto name = &usertype_traits<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::user_gc_metatable()[0];
				return push_with(L, name, std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename... Args>
			static int push(lua_State* L, no_metatable_t, Args&&... args) {
				const auto name = &usertype_traits<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::user_gc_metatable()[0];
				return push_with<false>(L, name, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename Key, typename... Args>
			static int push(lua_State* L, metatable_t, Key&& key, Args&&... args) {
				const auto name = &key[0];
				return push_with<true>(L, name, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const user<T>& u) {
				const auto name = &usertype_traits<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::user_gc_metatable()[0];
				return push_with(L, name, u.value);
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, user<T>&& u) {
				const auto name = &usertype_traits<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::user_gc_metatable()[0];
				return push_with(L, name, std::move(u.value));
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, no_metatable_t, const user<T>& u) {
				const auto name = &usertype_traits<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::user_gc_metatable()[0];
				return push_with<false>(L, name, u.value);
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, no_metatable_t, user<T>&& u) {
				const auto name = &usertype_traits<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::user_gc_metatable()[0];
				return push_with<false>(L, name, std::move(u.value));
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<userdata_value> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, userdata_value data) {
				void** ud = static_cast<void**>(lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(void*)));
				*ud = data.value;
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<const char*> {
			static int push_sized(lua_State* L, const char* str, std::size_t len) {
				lua_pushlstring(L, str, len);
				return 1;
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const char* str) {
				if (str == nullptr)
					return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
				return push_sized(L, str, std::char_traits<char>::length(str));
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const char* strb, const char* stre) {
				return push_sized(L, strb, stre - strb);
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const char* str, std::size_t len) {
				return push_sized(L, str, len);
			}
		};

		template<size_t N>
		struct pusher<char[N]> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const char(&str)[N]) {
				lua_pushlstring(L, str, N - 1);
				return 1;
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const char(&str)[N], std::size_t sz) {
				lua_pushlstring(L, str, sz);
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template <>
		struct pusher<char> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, char c) {
				const char str[2] = { c, '\0' };
				return stack::push(L, str, 1);
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<std::string> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const std::string& str) {
				lua_pushlstring(L, str.c_str(), str.size());
				return 1;
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const std::string& str, std::size_t sz) {
				lua_pushlstring(L, str.c_str(), sz);
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<meta_function> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, meta_function m) {
				const std::string& str = to_string(m);
				lua_pushlstring(L, str.c_str(), str.size());
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template <>
		struct pusher<absolute_index> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, absolute_index ai) {
				lua_pushvalue(L, ai);
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template <>
		struct pusher<raw_index> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, raw_index ri) {
				lua_pushvalue(L, ri);
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template <>
		struct pusher<ref_index> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, ref_index ri) {
				lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ri);
				return 1;
			}
		};

#ifdef SOL_CODECVT_SUPPORT
		template<>
		struct pusher<const wchar_t*> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const wchar_t* wstr) {
				return push(L, wstr, std::char_traits<wchar_t>::length(wstr));
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const wchar_t* wstr, std::size_t sz) {
				return push(L, wstr, wstr + sz);
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const wchar_t* strb, const wchar_t* stre) {
				if (sizeof(wchar_t) == 2) {
					thread_local std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>> convert;
					std::string u8str = convert.to_bytes(strb, stre);
					return stack::push(L, u8str);
				}
				thread_local std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>> convert;
				std::string u8str = convert.to_bytes(strb, stre);
				return stack::push(L, u8str);
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<const char16_t*> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const char16_t* u16str) {
				return push(L, u16str, std::char_traits<char16_t>::length(u16str));
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const char16_t* u16str, std::size_t sz) {
				return push(L, u16str, u16str + sz);
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const char16_t* strb, const char16_t* stre) {
#ifdef _MSC_VER
				thread_local std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8_utf16<int16_t>, int16_t> convert;
				std::string u8str = convert.to_bytes(reinterpret_cast<const int16_t*>(strb), reinterpret_cast<const int16_t*>(stre));
#else
				thread_local std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>, char16_t> convert;
				std::string u8str = convert.to_bytes(strb, stre);
#endif // VC++ is a shit
				return stack::push(L, u8str);
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<const char32_t*> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const char32_t* u32str) {
				return push(L, u32str, u32str + std::char_traits<char32_t>::length(u32str));
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const char32_t* u32str, std::size_t sz) {
				return push(L, u32str, u32str + sz);
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const char32_t* strb, const char32_t* stre) {
#ifdef _MSC_VER
				thread_local std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<int32_t>, int32_t> convert;
				std::string u8str = convert.to_bytes(reinterpret_cast<const int32_t*>(strb), reinterpret_cast<const int32_t*>(stre));
#else
				thread_local std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<char32_t>, char32_t> convert;
				std::string u8str = convert.to_bytes(strb, stre);
#endif // VC++ is a shit
				return stack::push(L, u8str);
			}
		};

		template<size_t N>
		struct pusher<wchar_t[N]> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const wchar_t(&str)[N]) {
				return push(L, str, N - 1);
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const wchar_t(&str)[N], std::size_t sz) {
				return stack::push<const wchar_t*>(L, str, str + sz);
			}
		};

		template<size_t N>
		struct pusher<char16_t[N]> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const char16_t(&str)[N]) {
				return push(L, str, N - 1);
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const char16_t(&str)[N], std::size_t sz) {
				return stack::push<const char16_t*>(L, str, str + sz);
			}
		};

		template<size_t N>
		struct pusher<char32_t[N]> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const char32_t(&str)[N]) {
				return push(L, str, N - 1);
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const char32_t(&str)[N], std::size_t sz) {
				return stack::push<const char32_t*>(L, str, str + sz);
			}
		};

		template <>
		struct pusher<wchar_t> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, wchar_t c) {
				const wchar_t str[2] = { c, '\0' };
				return stack::push(L, str, 1);
			}
		};

		template <>
		struct pusher<char16_t> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, char16_t c) {
				const char16_t str[2] = { c, '\0' };
				return stack::push(L, str, 1);
			}
		};

		template <>
		struct pusher<char32_t> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, char32_t c) {
				const char32_t str[2] = { c, '\0' };
				return stack::push(L, str, 1);
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<std::wstring> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const std::wstring& wstr) {
				return push(L, wstr.data(), wstr.size());
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const std::wstring& wstr, std::size_t sz) {
				return stack::push(L, wstr.data(), wstr.data() + sz);
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<std::u16string> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const std::u16string& u16str) {
				return push(L, u16str, u16str.size());
			}
			
			static int push(lua_State* L, const std::u16string& u16str, std::size_t sz) {
				return stack::push(L, u16str.data(), u16str.data() + sz);
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<std::u32string> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const std::u32string& u32str) {
				return push(L, u32str, u32str.size());
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const std::u32string& u32str, std::size_t sz) {
				return stack::push(L, u32str.data(), u32str.data() + sz);
			}
		};
#endif // codecvt Header Support

		template<typename... Args>
		struct pusher<std::tuple<Args...>> {
			template <std::size_t... I, typename T>
			static int push(std::index_sequence<I...>, lua_State* L, T&& t) {
				int pushcount = 0;
				(void)detail::swallow{ 0, (pushcount += stack::push(L,
					  detail::forward_get<I>(t)
				), 0)... };
				return pushcount;
			}

			template <typename T>
			static int push(lua_State* L, T&& t) {
				return push(std::index_sequence_for<Args...>(), L, std::forward<T>(t));
			}
		};

		template<typename A, typename B>
		struct pusher<std::pair<A, B>> {
			template <typename T>
			static int push(lua_State* L, T&& t) {
				int pushcount = stack::push(L, detail::forward_get<0>(t));
				pushcount += stack::push(L, detail::forward_get<1>(t));
				return pushcount;
			}
		};

		template<typename O>
		struct pusher<optional<O>> {
			template <typename T>
			static int push(lua_State* L, T&& t) {
				if (t == nullopt) {
					return stack::push(L, nullopt);
				}
				return stack::push(L, static_cast<std::conditional_t<std::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value, O&, O&&>>(t.value()));
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<nullopt_t> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, nullopt_t) {
				return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<std::nullptr_t> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, std::nullptr_t) {
				return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<this_state> {
			static int push(lua_State*, const this_state&) {
				return 0;
			}
		};

		template<>
		struct pusher<new_table> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const new_table& nt) {
				lua_createtable(L, nt.sequence_hint, nt.map_hint);
				return 1;
			}
		};

#ifdef SOL_CXX17_FEATURES
		template <>
		struct pusher<std::string_view> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const std::string_view& sv) {
				return stack::push(L, sv.data(), sv.length());
			}
		};
#ifdef SOL_CODECVT_SUPPORT
		template <>
		struct pusher<std::wstring_view> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const std::wstring_view& sv) {
				return stack::push(L, sv.data(), sv.length());
			}
		};

		template <>
		struct pusher<std::u16string_view> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const std::u16string_view& sv) {
				return stack::push(L, sv.data(), sv.length());
			}
		};

		template <>
		struct pusher<std::u32string_view> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const std::u32string_view& sv) {
				return stack::push(L, sv.data(), sv.length());
			}
		};
#endif // codecvt header support

		namespace stack_detail {

			struct push_function {
				lua_State* L;

				push_function(lua_State* L) : L(L) {}

				template <typename T>
				int operator()(T&& value) const {
					return stack::push<T>(L, std::forward<T>(value));
				}
			};

		} // stack_detail

		template <typename... Tn>
		struct pusher<std::variant<Tn...>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const std::variant<Tn...>& v) {
				return std::visit(stack_detail::push_function(L), v);
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, std::variant<Tn...>&& v) {
				return std::visit(stack_detail::push_function(L), std::move(v));
			}
		};
#endif
	} // stack
} // sol

// end of sol/stack_push.hpp

// beginning of sol/stack_pop.hpp

namespace sol {
	namespace stack {
		template <typename T, typename>
		struct popper {
			inline static decltype(auto) pop(lua_State* L) {
				record tracking{};
				decltype(auto) r = get<T>(L, -lua_size<T>::value, tracking);
				lua_pop(L, tracking.used);
				return r;
			}
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct popper<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of<stack_reference, meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value>> {
			static_assert(meta::neg<std::is_base_of<stack_reference, meta::unqualified_t<T>>>::value, "You cannot pop something that derives from stack_reference: it will not remain on the stack and thusly will go out of scope!");
		};
	} // stack
} // sol

// end of sol/stack_pop.hpp

// beginning of sol/stack_field.hpp

namespace sol {
	namespace stack {
		template <typename T, bool, bool, typename>
		struct field_getter {
			template <typename Key>
			void get(lua_State* L, Key&& key, int tableindex = -2) {
				push(L, std::forward<Key>(key));
				lua_gettable(L, tableindex);
			}
		};

		template <typename T, bool global, typename C>
		struct field_getter<T, global, true, C> {
			template <typename Key>
			void get(lua_State* L, Key&& key, int tableindex = -2) {
				push(L, std::forward<Key>(key));
				lua_rawget(L, tableindex);
			}
		};

		template <bool b, bool raw, typename C>
		struct field_getter<metatable_t, b, raw, C> {
			void get(lua_State* L, metatable_t, int tableindex = -1) {
				if (lua_getmetatable(L, tableindex) == 0)
					push(L, lua_nil);
			}
		};

		template <bool b, bool raw, typename C>
		struct field_getter<env_t, b, raw, C> {
			void get(lua_State* L, env_t, int tableindex = -1) {
#if SOL_LUA_VERSION < 502
				// Use lua_setfenv
				lua_getfenv(L, tableindex);
#else
				// Use upvalues as explained in Lua 5.2 and beyond's manual
				if (lua_getupvalue(L, tableindex, 1) == nullptr) {
					push(L, lua_nil);
				}
#endif
			}
		};

		template <typename T, bool raw>
		struct field_getter<T, true, raw, std::enable_if_t<meta::is_c_str<T>::value>> {
			template <typename Key>
			void get(lua_State* L, Key&& key, int = -1) {
				lua_getglobal(L, &key[0]);
			}
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct field_getter<T, false, false, std::enable_if_t<meta::is_c_str<T>::value>> {
			template <typename Key>
			void get(lua_State* L, Key&& key, int tableindex = -1) {
				lua_getfield(L, tableindex, &key[0]);
			}
		};

#if SOL_LUA_VERSION >= 503
		template <typename T>
		struct field_getter<T, false, false, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value && !std::is_same<bool, T>::value>> {
			template <typename Key>
			void get(lua_State* L, Key&& key, int tableindex = -1) {
				lua_geti(L, tableindex, static_cast<lua_Integer>(key));
			}
		};
#endif // Lua 5.3.x

#if SOL_LUA_VERSION >= 502
		template <typename C>
		struct field_getter<void*, false, true, C> {
			void get(lua_State* L, void* key, int tableindex = -1) {
				lua_rawgetp(L, tableindex, key);
			}
		};
#endif // Lua 5.3.x

		template <typename T>
		struct field_getter<T, false, true, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value && !std::is_same<bool, T>::value>> {
			template <typename Key>
			void get(lua_State* L, Key&& key, int tableindex = -1) {
				lua_rawgeti(L, tableindex, static_cast<lua_Integer>(key));
			}
		};

		template <typename... Args, bool b, bool raw, typename C>
		struct field_getter<std::tuple<Args...>, b, raw, C> {
			template <std::size_t... I, typename Keys>
			void apply(std::index_sequence<0, I...>, lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, int tableindex) {
				get_field<b, raw>(L, detail::forward_get<0>(keys), tableindex);
				void(detail::swallow{ (get_field<false, raw>(L, detail::forward_get<I>(keys)), 0)... });
				reference saved(L, -1);
				lua_pop(L, static_cast<int>(sizeof...(I)));
				saved.push();
			}

			template <typename Keys>
			void get(lua_State* L, Keys&& keys) {
				apply(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args)>(), L, std::forward<Keys>(keys), lua_absindex(L, -1));
			}

			template <typename Keys>
			void get(lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, int tableindex) {
				apply(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args)>(), L, std::forward<Keys>(keys), tableindex);
			}
		};

		template <typename A, typename B, bool b, bool raw, typename C>
		struct field_getter<std::pair<A, B>, b, raw, C> {
			template <typename Keys>
			void get(lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, int tableindex) {
				get_field<b, raw>(L, detail::forward_get<0>(keys), tableindex);
				get_field<false, raw>(L, detail::forward_get<1>(keys));
				reference saved(L, -1);
				lua_pop(L, static_cast<int>(2));
				saved.push();
			}

			template <typename Keys>
			void get(lua_State* L, Keys&& keys) {
				get_field<b, raw>(L, detail::forward_get<0>(keys));
				get_field<false, raw>(L, detail::forward_get<1>(keys));
				reference saved(L, -1);
				lua_pop(L, static_cast<int>(2));
				saved.push();
			}
		};

		template <typename T, bool, bool, typename>
		struct field_setter {
			template <typename Key, typename Value>
			void set(lua_State* L, Key&& key, Value&& value, int tableindex = -3) {
				push(L, std::forward<Key>(key));
				push(L, std::forward<Value>(value));
				lua_settable(L, tableindex);
			}
		};

		template <typename T, bool b, typename C>
		struct field_setter<T, b, true, C> {
			template <typename Key, typename Value>
			void set(lua_State* L, Key&& key, Value&& value, int tableindex = -3) {
				push(L, std::forward<Key>(key));
				push(L, std::forward<Value>(value));
				lua_rawset(L, tableindex);
			}
		};

		template <bool b, bool raw, typename C>
		struct field_setter<metatable_t, b, raw, C> {
			template <typename Value>
			void set(lua_State* L, metatable_t, Value&& value, int tableindex = -2) {
				push(L, std::forward<Value>(value));
				lua_setmetatable(L, tableindex);
			}
		};

		template <typename T, bool raw>
		struct field_setter<T, true, raw, std::enable_if_t<meta::is_c_str<T>::value>> {
			template <typename Key, typename Value>
			void set(lua_State* L, Key&& key, Value&& value, int = -2) {
				push(L, std::forward<Value>(value));
				lua_setglobal(L, &key[0]);
			}
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct field_setter<T, false, false, std::enable_if_t<meta::is_c_str<T>::value>> {
			template <typename Key, typename Value>
			void set(lua_State* L, Key&& key, Value&& value, int tableindex = -2) {
				push(L, std::forward<Value>(value));
				lua_setfield(L, tableindex, &key[0]);
			}
		};

#if SOL_LUA_VERSION >= 503
		template <typename T>
		struct field_setter<T, false, false, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value && !std::is_same<bool, T>::value>> {
			template <typename Key, typename Value>
			void set(lua_State* L, Key&& key, Value&& value, int tableindex = -2) {
				push(L, std::forward<Value>(value));
				lua_seti(L, tableindex, static_cast<lua_Integer>(key));
			}
		};
#endif // Lua 5.3.x

		template <typename T>
		struct field_setter<T, false, true, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value && !std::is_same<bool, T>::value>> {
			template <typename Key, typename Value>
			void set(lua_State* L, Key&& key, Value&& value, int tableindex = -2) {
				push(L, std::forward<Value>(value));
				lua_rawseti(L, tableindex, static_cast<lua_Integer>(key));
			}
		};

#if SOL_LUA_VERSION >= 502
		template <typename C>
		struct field_setter<void*, false, true, C> {
			template <typename Key, typename Value>
			void set(lua_State* L, void* key, Value&& value, int tableindex = -2) {
				push(L, std::forward<Value>(value));
				lua_rawsetp(L, tableindex, key);
			}
		};
#endif // Lua 5.2.x

		template <typename... Args, bool b, bool raw, typename C>
		struct field_setter<std::tuple<Args...>, b, raw, C> {
			template <bool g, std::size_t I, typename Key, typename Value>
			void apply(std::index_sequence<I>, lua_State* L, Key&& keys, Value&& value, int tableindex) {
				I < 1 ?
					set_field<g, raw>(L, detail::forward_get<I>(keys), std::forward<Value>(value), tableindex) :
					set_field<g, raw>(L, detail::forward_get<I>(keys), std::forward<Value>(value));
			}

			template <bool g, std::size_t I0, std::size_t I1, std::size_t... I, typename Keys, typename Value>
			void apply(std::index_sequence<I0, I1, I...>, lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, Value&& value, int tableindex) {
				I0 < 1 ? get_field<g, raw>(L, detail::forward_get<I0>(keys), tableindex) : get_field<g, raw>(L, detail::forward_get<I0>(keys), -1);
				apply<false>(std::index_sequence<I1, I...>(), L, std::forward<Keys>(keys), std::forward<Value>(value), -1);
			}

			template <bool g, std::size_t I0, std::size_t... I, typename Keys, typename Value>
			void top_apply(std::index_sequence<I0, I...>, lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, Value&& value, int tableindex) {
				apply<g>(std::index_sequence<I0, I...>(), L, std::forward<Keys>(keys), std::forward<Value>(value), tableindex);
				lua_pop(L, static_cast<int>(sizeof...(I)));
			}

			template <typename Keys, typename Value>
			void set(lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, Value&& value, int tableindex = -3) {
				top_apply<b>(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args)>(), L, std::forward<Keys>(keys), std::forward<Value>(value), tableindex);
			}
		};

		template <typename A, typename B, bool b, bool raw, typename C>
		struct field_setter<std::pair<A, B>, b, raw, C> {
			template <typename Keys, typename Value>
			void set(lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, Value&& value, int tableindex = -1) {
				get_field<b, raw>(L, detail::forward_get<0>(keys), tableindex);
				set_field<false, raw>(L, detail::forward_get<1>(keys), std::forward<Value>(value));
				lua_pop(L, 1);
			}
		};
	} // stack
} // sol

// end of sol/stack_field.hpp

// beginning of sol/stack_probe.hpp

namespace sol {
	namespace stack {
		template <typename T, bool b, bool raw, typename>
		struct probe_field_getter {
			template <typename Key>
			probe get(lua_State* L, Key&& key, int tableindex = -2) {
				if (!b && !maybe_indexable(L, tableindex)) {
					return probe(false, 0);
				}
				get_field<b, raw>(L, std::forward<Key>(key), tableindex);
				return probe(!check<lua_nil_t>(L), 1);
			}
		};

		template <typename A, typename B, bool b, bool raw, typename C>
		struct probe_field_getter<std::pair<A, B>, b, raw, C> {
			template <typename Keys>
			probe get(lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, int tableindex = -2) {
				if (!b && !maybe_indexable(L, tableindex)) {
					return probe(false, 0);
				}
				get_field<b, raw>(L, std::get<0>(keys), tableindex);
				if (!maybe_indexable(L)) {
					return probe(false, 1);
				}
				get_field<false, raw>(L, std::get<1>(keys), tableindex);
				return probe(!check<lua_nil_t>(L), 2);
			}
		};

		template <typename... Args, bool b, bool raw, typename C>
		struct probe_field_getter<std::tuple<Args...>, b, raw, C> {
			template <std::size_t I, typename Keys>
			probe apply(std::index_sequence<I>, int sofar, lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, int tableindex) {
				get_field < I < 1 && b, raw>(L, std::get<I>(keys), tableindex);
				return probe(!check<lua_nil_t>(L), sofar);
			}

			template <std::size_t I, std::size_t I1, std::size_t... In, typename Keys>
			probe apply(std::index_sequence<I, I1, In...>, int sofar, lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, int tableindex) {
				get_field < I < 1 && b, raw>(L, std::get<I>(keys), tableindex);
				if (!maybe_indexable(L)) {
					return probe(false, sofar);
				}
				return apply(std::index_sequence<I1, In...>(), sofar + 1, L, std::forward<Keys>(keys), -1);
			}

			template <typename Keys>
			probe get(lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, int tableindex = -2) {
				if (!b && !maybe_indexable(L, tableindex)) {
					return probe(false, 0);
				}
				return apply(std::index_sequence_for<Args...>(), 1, L, std::forward<Keys>(keys), tableindex);
			}
		};
	} // stack
} // sol

// end of sol/stack_probe.hpp

#include <cstring>

namespace sol {
	namespace detail {
		inline const std::string& default_chunk_name() {
			static const std::string name = "";
			return name;
		}

		template <std::size_t N>
		const char* make_chunk_name(const string_view& code, const std::string& chunkname, char (&basechunkname)[N]) {
			if (chunkname.empty()) {
				auto it = code.cbegin();
				auto e = code.cend();
				std::size_t i = 0;
				static const std::size_t n = N - 4;
				for (i = 0; i < n && it != e; ++i, ++it) {
					basechunkname[i] = *it;
				}
				if (it != e) {
					for (std::size_t c = 0; c < 3; ++i, ++c) {
						basechunkname[i] = '.';
					}
				}
				basechunkname[i] = '\0';
				return &basechunkname[0];
			}
			else {
				return chunkname.c_str();
			}
		}
	} // detail

	namespace stack {
		namespace stack_detail {
			template<typename T>
			inline int push_as_upvalues(lua_State* L, T& item) {
				typedef std::decay_t<T> TValue;
				const static std::size_t itemsize = sizeof(TValue);
				const static std::size_t voidsize = sizeof(void*);
				const static std::size_t voidsizem1 = voidsize - 1;
				const static std::size_t data_t_count = (sizeof(TValue) + voidsizem1) / voidsize;
				typedef std::array<void*, data_t_count> data_t;

				data_t data{ {} };
				std::memcpy(&data[0], std::addressof(item), itemsize);
				int pushcount = 0;
				for (auto&& v : data) {
					pushcount += push(L, lightuserdata_value(v));
				}
				return pushcount;
			}

			template<typename T>
			inline std::pair<T, int> get_as_upvalues(lua_State* L, int index = 2) {
				const static std::size_t data_t_count = (sizeof(T) + (sizeof(void*) - 1)) / sizeof(void*);
				typedef std::array<void*, data_t_count> data_t;
				data_t voiddata{ {} };
				for (std::size_t i = 0, d = 0; d < sizeof(T); ++i, d += sizeof(void*)) {
					voiddata[i] = get<lightuserdata_value>(L, upvalue_index(index++));
				}
				return std::pair<T, int>(*reinterpret_cast<T*>(static_cast<void*>(voiddata.data())), index);
			}

			struct evaluator {
				template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
				static decltype(auto) eval(types<>, std::index_sequence<>, lua_State*, int, record&, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
					return std::forward<Fx>(fx)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
				}
				
				template <typename Fx, typename Arg, typename... Args, std::size_t I, std::size_t... Is, typename... FxArgs>
				static decltype(auto) eval(types<Arg, Args...>, std::index_sequence<I, Is...>, lua_State* L, int start, record& tracking, Fx&& fx, FxArgs&&... fxargs) {
					return eval(types<Args...>(), std::index_sequence<Is...>(), L, start, tracking, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<FxArgs>(fxargs)..., stack_detail::unchecked_get<Arg>(L, start + tracking.used, tracking));
				}
			};

			template <bool checkargs = default_check_arguments, std::size_t... I, typename R, typename... Args, typename Fx, typename... FxArgs, typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<R>::value>>
			inline decltype(auto) call(types<R>, types<Args...> ta, std::index_sequence<I...> tai, lua_State* L, int start, Fx&& fx, FxArgs&&... args) {
#ifndef _MSC_VER
				static_assert(meta::all<meta::is_not_move_only<Args>...>::value, "One of the arguments being bound is a move-only type, and it is not being taken by reference: this will break your code. Please take a reference and std::move it manually if this was your intention.");
#endif // This compiler make me so fucking sad
				argument_handler handler{};
				multi_check<checkargs, Args...>(L, start, handler);
				record tracking{};
				return evaluator{}.eval(ta, tai, L, start, tracking, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<FxArgs>(args)...);
			}

			template <bool checkargs = default_check_arguments, std::size_t... I, typename... Args, typename Fx, typename... FxArgs>
			inline void call(types<void>, types<Args...> ta, std::index_sequence<I...> tai, lua_State* L, int start, Fx&& fx, FxArgs&&... args) {
#ifndef _MSC_VER
				static_assert(meta::all<meta::is_not_move_only<Args>...>::value, "One of the arguments being bound is a move-only type, and it is not being taken by reference: this will break your code. Please take a reference and std::move it manually if this was your intention.");
#endif // This compiler make me so fucking sad
				argument_handler handler{};
				multi_check<checkargs, Args...>(L, start, handler);
				record tracking{};
				evaluator{}.eval(ta, tai, L, start, tracking, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<FxArgs>(args)...);
			}
		} // stack_detail

		template <typename T>
		int set_ref(lua_State* L, T&& arg, int tableindex = -2) {
			push(L, std::forward<T>(arg));
			return luaL_ref(L, tableindex);
		}

		template <bool check_args = stack_detail::default_check_arguments, typename R, typename... Args, typename Fx, typename... FxArgs, typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<R>::value>>
		inline decltype(auto) call(types<R> tr, types<Args...> ta, lua_State* L, int start, Fx&& fx, FxArgs&&... args) {
			typedef std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args)> args_indices;
			return stack_detail::call<check_args>(tr, ta, args_indices(), L, start, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<FxArgs>(args)...);
		}

		template <bool check_args = stack_detail::default_check_arguments, typename R, typename... Args, typename Fx, typename... FxArgs, typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<R>::value>>
		inline decltype(auto) call(types<R> tr, types<Args...> ta, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, FxArgs&&... args) {
			return call<check_args>(tr, ta, L, 1, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<FxArgs>(args)...);
		}

		template <bool check_args = stack_detail::default_check_arguments, typename... Args, typename Fx, typename... FxArgs>
		inline void call(types<void> tr, types<Args...> ta, lua_State* L, int start, Fx&& fx, FxArgs&&... args) {
			typedef std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args)> args_indices;
			stack_detail::call<check_args>(tr, ta, args_indices(), L, start, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<FxArgs>(args)...);
		}

		template <bool check_args = stack_detail::default_check_arguments, typename... Args, typename Fx, typename... FxArgs>
		inline void call(types<void> tr, types<Args...> ta, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, FxArgs&&... args) {
			call<check_args>(tr, ta, L, 1, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<FxArgs>(args)...);
		}

		template <bool check_args = stack_detail::default_check_arguments, typename R, typename... Args, typename Fx, typename... FxArgs, typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<R>::value>>
		inline decltype(auto) call_from_top(types<R> tr, types<Args...> ta, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, FxArgs&&... args) {
			typedef meta::count_for_pack<lua_size, Args...> expected_count;
			return call<check_args>(tr, ta, L, (std::max)(static_cast<int>(lua_gettop(L) - expected_count::value), static_cast<int>(0)), std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<FxArgs>(args)...);
		}

		template <bool check_args = stack_detail::default_check_arguments, typename... Args, typename Fx, typename... FxArgs>
		inline void call_from_top(types<void> tr, types<Args...> ta, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, FxArgs&&... args) {
			typedef meta::count_for_pack<lua_size, Args...> expected_count;
			call<check_args>(tr, ta, L, (std::max)(static_cast<int>(lua_gettop(L) - expected_count::value), static_cast<int>(0)), std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<FxArgs>(args)...);
		}

		template<bool check_args = stack_detail::default_check_arguments, bool clean_stack = true, typename... Args, typename Fx, typename... FxArgs>
		inline int call_into_lua(types<void> tr, types<Args...> ta, lua_State* L, int start, Fx&& fx, FxArgs&&... fxargs) {
			call<check_args>(tr, ta, L, start, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<FxArgs>(fxargs)...);
			if (clean_stack) {
				lua_settop(L, 0);
			}
			return 0;
		}

		template<bool check_args = stack_detail::default_check_arguments, bool clean_stack = true, typename Ret0, typename... Ret, typename... Args, typename Fx, typename... FxArgs, typename = std::enable_if_t<meta::neg<std::is_void<Ret0>>::value>>
		inline int call_into_lua(types<Ret0, Ret...>, types<Args...> ta, lua_State* L, int start, Fx&& fx, FxArgs&&... fxargs) {
			decltype(auto) r = call<check_args>(types<meta::return_type_t<Ret0, Ret...>>(), ta, L, start, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<FxArgs>(fxargs)...);
			typedef is_stack_based<meta::unqualified_t<decltype(r)>> is_stack;
			if (clean_stack && !is_stack::value) {
				lua_settop(L, 0);
			}
			return push_reference(L, std::forward<decltype(r)>(r));
		}

		template<bool check_args = stack_detail::default_check_arguments, bool clean_stack = true, typename Fx, typename... FxArgs>
		inline int call_lua(lua_State* L, int start, Fx&& fx, FxArgs&&... fxargs) {
			typedef lua_bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>> traits_type;
			typedef typename traits_type::args_list args_list;
			typedef typename traits_type::returns_list returns_list;
			return call_into_lua<check_args, clean_stack>(returns_list(), args_list(), L, start, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<FxArgs>(fxargs)...);
		}

		inline call_syntax get_call_syntax(lua_State* L, const std::string& key, int index) {
			if (lua_gettop(L) == 0) {
				return call_syntax::dot;
			}
			luaL_getmetatable(L, key.c_str());
			auto pn = pop_n(L, 1);
			if (lua_compare(L, -1, index, LUA_OPEQ) != 1) {
				return call_syntax::dot;
			}
			return call_syntax::colon;
		}

		inline void script(lua_State* L, const string_detail::string_shim& code, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			char basechunkname[17] = {};
			const char* chunknametarget = detail::make_chunk_name(code, chunkname, basechunkname);
			if (luaL_loadbufferx(L, code.data(), code.size(), chunknametarget, to_string(mode).c_str()) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0)) {
				lua_error(L);
			}
		}

		inline void script_file(lua_State* L, const std::string& filename, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			if (luaL_loadfilex(L, filename.c_str(), to_string(mode).c_str()) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0)) {
				lua_error(L);
			}
		}

		inline void luajit_exception_handler(lua_State* L, int(*handler)(lua_State*, lua_CFunction) = detail::c_trampoline) {
#ifdef SOL_LUAJIT
			lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void*)handler);
			auto pn = pop_n(L, 1);
			luaJIT_setmode(L, -1, LUAJIT_MODE_WRAPCFUNC | LUAJIT_MODE_ON);
#else
			(void)L;
			(void)handler;
#endif
		}

		inline void luajit_exception_off(lua_State* L) {
#ifdef SOL_LUAJIT
			luaJIT_setmode(L, -1, LUAJIT_MODE_WRAPCFUNC | LUAJIT_MODE_OFF);
#else
			(void)L;
#endif
		}
	} // stack
} // sol

// end of sol/stack.hpp

// beginning of sol/unsafe_function.hpp

// beginning of sol/function_result.hpp

// beginning of sol/proxy_base.hpp

namespace sol {
	struct proxy_base_tag {};

	template <typename Super>
	struct proxy_base : proxy_base_tag {
		operator std::string() const {
			const Super& super = *static_cast<const Super*>(static_cast<const void*>(this));
			return super.template get<std::string>();
		}

		template<typename T, meta::enable<meta::neg<meta::is_string_constructible<T>>, is_proxy_primitive<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
		operator T () const {
			const Super& super = *static_cast<const Super*>(static_cast<const void*>(this));
			return super.template get<T>();
		}

		template<typename T, meta::enable<meta::neg<meta::is_string_constructible<T>>, meta::neg<is_proxy_primitive<meta::unqualified_t<T>>>> = meta::enabler>
		operator T& () const {
			const Super& super = *static_cast<const Super*>(static_cast<const void*>(this));
			return super.template get<T&>();
		}

		lua_State* lua_state() const {
			const Super& super = *static_cast<const Super*>(static_cast<const void*>(this));
			return super.lua_state();
		}
	};
} // sol

// end of sol/proxy_base.hpp

#include <cstdint>

namespace sol {
	struct function_result : public proxy_base<function_result> {
	private:
		lua_State* L;
		int index;
		int returncount;

	public:
		function_result() = default;
		function_result(lua_State* Ls, int idx = -1, int retnum = 0) : L(Ls), index(idx), returncount(retnum) {

		}
		function_result(const function_result&) = default;
		function_result& operator=(const function_result&) = default;
		function_result(function_result&& o) : L(o.L), index(o.index), returncount(o.returncount) {
			// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
			// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
			// but will be thorough
			o.abandon();
		}
		function_result& operator=(function_result&& o) {
			L = o.L;
			index = o.index;
			returncount = o.returncount;
			// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
			// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
			// but will be thorough
			o.abandon();
			return *this;
		}

		function_result(const protected_function_result& o) = delete;
		function_result& operator=(const protected_function_result& o) = delete;
		function_result(protected_function_result&& o) noexcept;
		function_result& operator=(protected_function_result&& o) noexcept;

		template<typename T>
		decltype(auto) get() const {
			return stack::get<T>(L, index);
		}

		call_status status() const noexcept {
			return call_status::ok;
		}

		bool valid() const noexcept {
			return status() == call_status::ok || status() == call_status::yielded;
		}

		lua_State* lua_state() const { return L; };
		int stack_index() const { return index; };
		int return_count() const { return returncount; };
		void abandon() noexcept {
			//L = nullptr;
			index = 0;
			returncount = 0;
		}
		~function_result() {
			lua_pop(L, returncount);
		}
	};

	namespace stack {
		template <>
		struct pusher<function_result> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const function_result& fr) {
				int p = 0;
				for (int i = 0; i < fr.return_count(); ++i) {
					lua_pushvalue(L, i + fr.stack_index());
					++p;
				}
				return p;
			}
		};
	} // stack
} // sol

// end of sol/function_result.hpp

// beginning of sol/function_types.hpp

// beginning of sol/function_types_core.hpp

// beginning of sol/wrapper.hpp

namespace sol {

	template <typename F, typename = void>
	struct wrapper {
		typedef lua_bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<F>> traits_type;
		typedef typename traits_type::args_list args_list;
		typedef typename traits_type::args_list free_args_list;
		typedef typename traits_type::returns_list returns_list;

		template <typename... Args>
		static decltype(auto) call(F& f, Args&&... args) {
			return f(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		struct caller {
			template <typename... Args>
			decltype(auto) operator()(F& fx, Args&&... args) const {
				return call(fx, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}
		};
	};

	template <typename F>
    struct wrapper<F, std::enable_if_t<std::is_function<std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unqualified_t<F>>>::value>> {
        typedef lua_bind_traits<std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unqualified_t<F>>> traits_type;
		typedef typename traits_type::args_list args_list;
		typedef typename traits_type::args_list free_args_list;
		typedef typename traits_type::returns_list returns_list;

		template <F fx, typename... Args>
		static decltype(auto) invoke(Args&&... args) {
			return fx(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template <typename... Args>
		static decltype(auto) call(F& fx, Args&&... args) {
			return fx(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		struct caller {
			template <typename... Args>
			decltype(auto) operator()(F& fx, Args&&... args) const {
				return call(fx, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}
		};

		template <F fx>
		struct invoker {
			template <typename... Args>
			decltype(auto) operator()(Args&&... args) const {
				return invoke<fx>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}
		};
	};

	template <typename F>
	struct wrapper<F, std::enable_if_t<std::is_member_object_pointer<meta::unqualified_t<F>>::value>> {
        typedef lua_bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<F>> traits_type;
		typedef typename traits_type::object_type object_type;
		typedef typename traits_type::return_type return_type;
		typedef typename traits_type::args_list args_list;
		typedef types<object_type&, return_type> free_args_list;
		typedef typename traits_type::returns_list returns_list;

		template <F fx>
		static decltype(auto) invoke(object_type& mem) {
			return mem.*fx;
		}

		template <F fx, typename Arg, typename... Args>
		static decltype(auto) invoke(object_type& mem, Arg&& arg, Args&&...) {
			return mem.*fx = std::forward<Arg>(arg);
		}

		template <typename Fx>
		static decltype(auto) call(Fx&& fx, object_type& mem) {
			return (mem.*fx);
		}

		template <typename Fx, typename Arg, typename... Args>
		static void call(Fx&& fx, object_type& mem, Arg&& arg, Args&&...) {
			(mem.*fx) = std::forward<Arg>(arg);
		}

		struct caller {
			template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
			decltype(auto) operator()(Fx&& fx, object_type& mem, Args&&... args) const {
				return call(std::forward<Fx>(fx), mem, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}
		};

		template <F fx>
		struct invoker {
			template <typename... Args>
			decltype(auto) operator()(Args&&... args) const {
				return invoke<fx>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}
		};
	};

	template <typename F, typename R, typename O, typename... FArgs>
	struct member_function_wrapper {
		typedef O object_type;
		typedef lua_bind_traits<F> traits_type;
		typedef typename traits_type::args_list args_list;
		typedef types<object_type&, FArgs...> free_args_list;
		typedef meta::tuple_types<R> returns_list;

		template <F fx, typename... Args>
		static R invoke(O& mem, Args&&... args) {
			return (mem.*fx)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
		static R call(Fx&& fx, O& mem, Args&&... args) {
			return (mem.*fx)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		struct caller {
			template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
			decltype(auto) operator()(Fx&& fx, O& mem, Args&&... args) const {
				return call(std::forward<Fx>(fx), mem, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}
		};

		template <F fx>
		struct invoker {
			template <typename... Args>
			decltype(auto) operator()(O& mem, Args&&... args) const {
				return invoke<fx>(mem, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}
		};
	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...)> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...), R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const volatile> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const volatile, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) &> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) &, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const &> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const &, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const volatile &> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const volatile &, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) &> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) &, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) const &> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) const &, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) const volatile &> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) const volatile &, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) && > : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) &, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const &&> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const &, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const volatile &&> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const volatile &, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) && > : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) &, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) const &&> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) const &, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) const volatile &&> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) const volatile &, R, O, Args...> {

	};

#ifdef SOL_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE //noexcept has become a part of a function's type

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) noexcept, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const noexcept, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const volatile noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const volatile noexcept, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) & noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) & noexcept, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const & noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const & noexcept, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const volatile & noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const volatile & noexcept, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) & noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) & noexcept, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) const & noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) const & noexcept, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) const volatile & noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) const volatile & noexcept, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) && noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) & noexcept, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const && noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const & noexcept, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const volatile && noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args...) const volatile & noexcept, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) && noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) & noexcept, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) const && noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) const & noexcept, R, O, Args...> {

	};

	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
	struct wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) const volatile && noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R(O:: *)(Args..., ...) const volatile & noexcept, R, O, Args...> {

	};

#endif // noexcept is part of a function's type

} // sol

// end of sol/wrapper.hpp

namespace sol {
	namespace function_detail {
		template <typename Fx, int start = 1>
		inline int call(lua_State* L) {
			Fx& fx = stack::get<user<Fx>>(L, upvalue_index(start));
			return fx(L);
		}
	} // function_detail
} // sol

// end of sol/function_types_core.hpp

// beginning of sol/function_types_templated.hpp

// beginning of sol/call.hpp

// beginning of sol/protect.hpp

namespace sol {
	
	template <typename T>
	struct protect_t {
		T value;

		template <typename Arg, typename... Args, meta::disable<std::is_same<protect_t, meta::unqualified_t<Arg>>> = meta::enabler>
		protect_t(Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) : value(std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}

		protect_t(const protect_t&) = default;
		protect_t(protect_t&&) = default;
		protect_t& operator=(const protect_t&) = default;
		protect_t& operator=(protect_t&&) = default;

	};

	template <typename T>
	auto protect(T&& value) {
		return protect_t<std::decay_t<T>>(std::forward<T>(value));
	}

} // sol

// end of sol/protect.hpp

// beginning of sol/property.hpp

namespace sol {

	struct no_prop { };

	template <typename R, typename W>
	struct property_wrapper {
		typedef std::integral_constant<bool, !std::is_void<R>::value> can_read;
		typedef std::integral_constant<bool, !std::is_void<W>::value> can_write;
		typedef std::conditional_t<can_read::value, R, no_prop> Read;
		typedef std::conditional_t<can_write::value, W, no_prop> Write;
		Read read;
		Write write;

		template <typename Rx, typename Wx>
		property_wrapper(Rx&& r, Wx&& w) : read(std::forward<Rx>(r)), write(std::forward<Wx>(w)) {}
	};

	namespace property_detail {
		template <typename R, typename W>
		inline decltype(auto) property(std::true_type, R&& read, W&& write) {
			return property_wrapper<std::decay_t<R>, std::decay_t<W>>(std::forward<R>(read), std::forward<W>(write));
		}
		template <typename W, typename R>
		inline decltype(auto) property(std::false_type, W&& write, R&& read) {
			return property_wrapper<std::decay_t<R>, std::decay_t<W>>(std::forward<R>(read), std::forward<W>(write));
		}
		template <typename R>
		inline decltype(auto) property(std::true_type, R&& read) {
			return property_wrapper<std::decay_t<R>, void>(std::forward<R>(read), no_prop());
		}
		template <typename W>
		inline decltype(auto) property(std::false_type, W&& write) {
			return property_wrapper<void, std::decay_t<W>>(no_prop(), std::forward<W>(write));
		}
	} // property_detail

	template <typename F, typename G>
	inline decltype(auto) property(F&& f, G&& g) {
		typedef lua_bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<F>> left_traits;
		typedef lua_bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<G>> right_traits;
		return property_detail::property(meta::boolean<(left_traits::free_arity < right_traits::free_arity)>(), std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<G>(g));
	}

	template <typename F>
	inline decltype(auto) property(F&& f) {
		typedef lua_bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<F>> left_traits;
		return property_detail::property(meta::boolean<(left_traits::free_arity < 2)>(), std::forward<F>(f));
	}

	template <typename F>
	inline decltype(auto) readonly_property(F&& f) {
		return property_detail::property(std::true_type(), std::forward<F>(f));
	}

	template <typename F>
	inline decltype(auto) writeonly_property(F&& f) {
		return property_detail::property(std::false_type(), std::forward<F>(f));
	}

	template <typename T>
	struct readonly_wrapper {
		T v;

		readonly_wrapper(T v) : v(std::move(v)) {}

		operator T& () {
			return v;
		}
		operator const T& () const {
			return v;
		}
	};

	// Allow someone to make a member variable readonly (const)
	template <typename R, typename T>
	inline auto readonly(R T::* v) {
		return readonly_wrapper<meta::unqualified_t<decltype(v)>>(v);
	}

	template <typename T>
	struct var_wrapper {
		T value;
		template <typename... Args>
		var_wrapper(Args&&... args) : value(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
		var_wrapper(const var_wrapper&) = default;
		var_wrapper(var_wrapper&&) = default;
		var_wrapper& operator=(const var_wrapper&) = default;
		var_wrapper& operator=(var_wrapper&&) = default;
	};

	template <typename V>
	inline auto var(V&& v) {
		typedef meta::unqualified_t<V> T;
		return var_wrapper<T>(std::forward<V>(v));
	}

	namespace meta {
		template <typename T>
		struct is_member_object : std::is_member_object_pointer<T> {};

		template <typename T>
		struct is_member_object<readonly_wrapper<T>> : std::true_type {};
	}

} // sol

// end of sol/property.hpp

namespace sol {
	namespace usertype_detail {
		
	} // usertype_detail

	namespace filter_detail {
		template <int I, int... In>
		inline void handle_filter(static_stack_dependencies<I, In...>, lua_State* L, int&) {
			if (sizeof...(In) == 0) {
				return;
			}
			absolute_index ai(L, I);
			if (type_of(L, ai) != type::userdata) {
				return;
			}
			lua_createtable(L, static_cast<int>(sizeof...(In)), 0);
			stack_reference deps(L, -1);
			auto per_dep = [&L, &deps](int i) {
				lua_pushvalue(L, i);
				luaL_ref(L, deps.stack_index());
			};
			(void)per_dep;
			(void)detail::swallow{ int(), (per_dep(In), int())... };
			lua_setuservalue(L, ai);
		}

		template <int... In>
		inline void handle_filter(returns_self_with<In...>, lua_State* L, int& pushed) {
			pushed = stack::push(L, raw_index(1));
			handle_filter(static_stack_dependencies<-1, In...>(), L, pushed);
		}

		inline void handle_filter(const stack_dependencies& sdeps, lua_State* L, int&) {
			absolute_index ai(L, sdeps.target);
			if (type_of(L, ai) != type::userdata) {
				return;
			}
			lua_createtable(L, static_cast<int>(sdeps.size()), 0);
			stack_reference deps(L, -1);
			for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sdeps.size(); ++i) {
				lua_pushvalue(L, sdeps.stack_indices[i]);
				luaL_ref(L, deps.stack_index());
			}
			lua_setuservalue(L, ai);
		}

		template <typename P, meta::disable<std::is_base_of<detail::filter_base_tag, meta::unqualified_t<P>>> = meta::enabler>
		inline void handle_filter(P&& p, lua_State* L, int& pushed) {
			pushed = std::forward<P>(p)(L, pushed);
		}
	} // filter_detail

	namespace function_detail {
		inline int no_construction_error(lua_State* L) {
			return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call this constructor (tagged as non-constructible)");
		}
	} // function_detail

	namespace call_detail {

		template <typename R, typename W>
		inline auto& pick(std::true_type, property_wrapper<R, W>& f) {
			return f.read;
		}

		template <typename R, typename W>
		inline auto& pick(std::false_type, property_wrapper<R, W>& f) {
			return f.write;
		}

		template <typename T, typename List>
		struct void_call : void_call<T, meta::function_args_t<List>> {};

		template <typename T, typename... Args>
		struct void_call<T, types<Args...>> {
			static void call(Args...) {}
		};

		template <typename T, bool checked, bool clean_stack>
		struct constructor_match {
			T* obj;

			constructor_match(T* o) : obj(o) {}

			template <typename Fx, std::size_t I, typename... R, typename... Args>
			int operator()(types<Fx>, index_value<I>, types<R...> r, types<Args...> a, lua_State* L, int, int start) const {
				detail::default_construct func{};
				return stack::call_into_lua<checked, clean_stack>(r, a, L, start, func, obj);
			}
		};

		namespace overload_detail {
			template <std::size_t... M, typename Match, typename... Args>
			inline int overload_match_arity(types<>, std::index_sequence<>, std::index_sequence<M...>, Match&&, lua_State* L, int, int, Args&&...) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: no matching function call takes this number of arguments and the specified types");
			}

			template <typename Fx, typename... Fxs, std::size_t I, std::size_t... In, std::size_t... M, typename Match, typename... Args>
			inline int overload_match_arity(types<Fx, Fxs...>, std::index_sequence<I, In...>, std::index_sequence<M...>, Match&& matchfx, lua_State* L, int fxarity, int start, Args&&... args) {
				typedef lua_bind_traits<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<Fx>> traits;
				typedef meta::tuple_types<typename traits::return_type> return_types;
				typedef typename traits::free_args_list args_list;
				// compile-time eliminate any functions that we know ahead of time are of improper arity
				if (!traits::runtime_variadics_t::value && meta::find_in_pack_v<index_value<traits::free_arity>, index_value<M>...>::value) {
					return overload_match_arity(types<Fxs...>(), std::index_sequence<In...>(), std::index_sequence<M...>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
				}
				if (!traits::runtime_variadics_t::value && traits::free_arity != fxarity) {
					return overload_match_arity(types<Fxs...>(), std::index_sequence<In...>(), std::index_sequence<traits::free_arity, M...>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
				}
				stack::record tracking{};
				if (!stack::stack_detail::check_types<true>{}.check(args_list(), L, start, no_panic, tracking)) {
					return overload_match_arity(types<Fxs...>(), std::index_sequence<In...>(), std::index_sequence<M...>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
				}
				return matchfx(types<Fx>(), index_value<I>(), return_types(), args_list(), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <std::size_t... M, typename Match, typename... Args>
			inline int overload_match_arity_single(types<>, std::index_sequence<>, std::index_sequence<M...>, Match&& matchfx, lua_State* L, int fxarity, int start, Args&&... args) {
				return overload_match_arity(types<>(), std::index_sequence<>(), std::index_sequence<M...>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename Fx, std::size_t I, std::size_t... M, typename Match, typename... Args>
			inline int overload_match_arity_single(types<Fx>, std::index_sequence<I>, std::index_sequence<M...>, Match&& matchfx, lua_State* L, int fxarity, int start, Args&&... args) {
				typedef lua_bind_traits<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<Fx>> traits;
				typedef meta::tuple_types<typename traits::return_type> return_types;
				typedef typename traits::free_args_list args_list;
				// compile-time eliminate any functions that we know ahead of time are of improper arity
				if (!traits::runtime_variadics_t::value && meta::find_in_pack_v<index_value<traits::free_arity>, index_value<M>...>::value) {
					return overload_match_arity(types<>(), std::index_sequence<>(), std::index_sequence<M...>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
				}
				if (!traits::runtime_variadics_t::value && traits::free_arity != fxarity) {
					return overload_match_arity(types<>(), std::index_sequence<>(), std::index_sequence<traits::free_arity, M...>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
				}
				return matchfx(types<Fx>(), index_value<I>(), return_types(), args_list(), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename Fx, typename Fx1, typename... Fxs, std::size_t I, std::size_t I1, std::size_t... In, std::size_t... M, typename Match, typename... Args>
			inline int overload_match_arity_single(types<Fx, Fx1, Fxs...>, std::index_sequence<I, I1, In...>, std::index_sequence<M...>, Match&& matchfx, lua_State* L, int fxarity, int start, Args&&... args) {
				typedef lua_bind_traits<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<Fx>> traits;
				typedef meta::tuple_types<typename traits::return_type> return_types;
				typedef typename traits::free_args_list args_list;
				// compile-time eliminate any functions that we know ahead of time are of improper arity
				if (!traits::runtime_variadics_t::value && meta::find_in_pack_v<index_value<traits::free_arity>, index_value<M>...>::value) {
					return overload_match_arity(types<Fx1, Fxs...>(), std::index_sequence<I1, In...>(), std::index_sequence<M...>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
				}
				if (!traits::runtime_variadics_t::value && traits::free_arity != fxarity) {
					return overload_match_arity(types<Fx1, Fxs...>(), std::index_sequence<I1, In...>(), std::index_sequence<traits::free_arity, M...>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
				}
				stack::record tracking{};
				if (!stack::stack_detail::check_types<true>{}.check(args_list(), L, start, no_panic, tracking)) {
					return overload_match_arity(types<Fx1, Fxs...>(), std::index_sequence<I1, In...>(), std::index_sequence<M...>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
				}
				return matchfx(types<Fx>(), index_value<I>(), return_types(), args_list(), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}
		} // overload_detail

		template <typename... Functions, typename Match, typename... Args>
		inline int overload_match_arity(Match&& matchfx, lua_State* L, int fxarity, int start, Args&&... args) {
			return overload_detail::overload_match_arity_single(types<Functions...>(), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Functions)>(), std::index_sequence<>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template <typename... Functions, typename Match, typename... Args>
		inline int overload_match(Match&& matchfx, lua_State* L, int start, Args&&... args) {
			int fxarity = lua_gettop(L) - (start - 1);
			return overload_match_arity<Functions...>(std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template <typename T, typename... TypeLists, typename Match, typename... Args>
		inline int construct_match(Match&& matchfx, lua_State* L, int fxarity, int start, Args&&... args) {
			// use same overload resolution matching as all other parts of the framework
			return overload_match_arity<decltype(void_call<T, TypeLists>::call)...>(std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template <typename T, bool checked, bool clean_stack, typename... TypeLists>
		inline int construct(lua_State* L) {
			static const auto& meta = usertype_traits<T>::metatable();
			int argcount = lua_gettop(L);
			call_syntax syntax = argcount > 0 ? stack::get_call_syntax(L, &usertype_traits<T>::user_metatable()[0], 1) : call_syntax::dot;
			argcount -= static_cast<int>(syntax);

			T** pointerpointer = reinterpret_cast<T**>(lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(T*) + sizeof(T)));
			T*& referencepointer = *pointerpointer;
			T* obj = reinterpret_cast<T*>(pointerpointer + 1);
			referencepointer = obj;
			reference userdataref(L, -1);
			userdataref.pop();

			construct_match<T, TypeLists...>(constructor_match<T, checked, clean_stack>(obj), L, argcount, 1 + static_cast<int>(syntax));

			userdataref.push();
			luaL_getmetatable(L, &meta[0]);
			if (type_of(L, -1) == type::lua_nil) {
				lua_pop(L, 1);
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: unable to get usertype metatable");
			}

			lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
			return 1;
		}

		template <typename F, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename = void>
		struct agnostic_lua_call_wrapper {
			typedef wrapper<meta::unqualified_t<F>> wrap;
			
			template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
			static int convertible_call(std::true_type, lua_State* L, Fx&& f, Args&&... args) {
				typedef typename wrap::traits_type traits_type;
				typedef typename traits_type::function_pointer_type fp_t;
				fp_t fx = f;
				return agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<fp_t, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack>{}.call(L, fx, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
			static int convertible_call(std::false_type, lua_State* L, Fx&& f, Args&&... args) {
				typedef typename wrap::returns_list returns_list;
				typedef typename wrap::free_args_list args_list;
				typedef typename wrap::caller caller;
				return stack::call_into_lua<checked, clean_stack>(returns_list(), args_list(), L, boost + 1, caller(), std::forward<Fx>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
			static int call(lua_State* L, Fx&& f, Args&&... args) {
				typedef typename wrap::traits_type traits_type;
				typedef typename traits_type::function_pointer_type fp_t;
				return convertible_call(std::conditional_t<std::is_class<meta::unqualified_t<F>>::value, std::is_convertible<std::decay_t<Fx>, fp_t>, std::false_type>(), L, std::forward<Fx>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}
		};

		template <typename T, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
		struct agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<var_wrapper<T>, true, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
			template <typename F>
			static int call(lua_State* L, F&& f) {
				typedef is_stack_based<meta::unqualified_t<decltype(detail::unwrap(f.value))>> is_stack;
				if (clean_stack && !is_stack::value) {
					lua_settop(L, 0);
				}
				return stack::push_reference(L, detail::unwrap(f.value));
			}
		};

		template <typename T, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
		struct agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<var_wrapper<T>, false, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
			template <typename V>
			static int call_assign(std::true_type, lua_State* L, V&& f) {
				detail::unwrap(f.value) = stack::get<meta::unwrapped_t<T>>(L, boost + (is_variable ? 3 : 1));
				if (clean_stack) {
					lua_settop(L, 0);
				}
				return 0;
			}

			template <typename... Args>
			static int call_assign(std::false_type, lua_State* L, Args&&...) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot write to this variable: copy assignment/constructor not available");
			}

			template <typename... Args>
			static int call_const(std::false_type, lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
				typedef meta::unwrapped_t<T> R;
				return call_assign(std::is_assignable<std::add_lvalue_reference_t<meta::unqualified_t<R>>, R>(), L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename... Args>
			static int call_const(std::true_type, lua_State* L, Args&&...) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot write to a readonly (const) variable");
			}

			template <typename V>
			static int call(lua_State* L, V&& f) {
				return call_const(std::is_const<meta::unwrapped_t<T>>(), L, f);
			}
		};

		template <bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
		struct agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<lua_r_CFunction, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
			static int call(lua_State* L, lua_r_CFunction f) {
				return f(L);
			}
		};

		template <bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
		struct agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<lua_CFunction, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
			static int call(lua_State* L, lua_CFunction f) {
				return f(L);
			}
		};

#ifdef SOL_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE
		template <bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
		struct agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
			static int call(lua_State* L, detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept f) {
				return f(L);
			}
		};
#endif // noexcept function types

		template <bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
		struct agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<no_prop, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
			static int call(lua_State* L, const no_prop&) {
				return luaL_error(L, is_index ? "sol: cannot read from a writeonly property" : "sol: cannot write to a readonly property");
			}
		};

		template <bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
		struct agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<no_construction, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
			static int call(lua_State* L, const no_construction&) {
				return function_detail::no_construction_error(L);
			}
		};

		template <typename... Args, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
		struct agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<bases<Args...>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
			static int call(lua_State*, const bases<Args...>&) {
				// Uh. How did you even call this, lul
				return 0;
			}
		};

		template <typename T, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
		struct agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<std::reference_wrapper<T>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
			static int call(lua_State* L, std::reference_wrapper<T> f) {
				return agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<T, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack>{}.call(L, f.get());
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename F, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked = stack::stack_detail::default_check_arguments, int boost = 0, bool clean_stack = true, typename = void>
		struct lua_call_wrapper : agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<F, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack> {};

		template <typename T, typename F, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack>
		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, F, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, std::enable_if_t<std::is_member_function_pointer<F>::value>> {
			typedef wrapper<meta::unqualified_t<F>> wrap;
			typedef typename wrap::object_type object_type;

			template <typename Fx>
			static int call(lua_State* L, Fx&& f, object_type& o) {
				typedef typename wrap::returns_list returns_list;
				typedef typename wrap::args_list args_list;
				typedef typename wrap::caller caller;
				return stack::call_into_lua<checked, clean_stack>(returns_list(), args_list(), L, boost + ( is_variable ? 3 : 2 ), caller(), std::forward<Fx>(f), o);
			}

			template <typename Fx>
			static int call(lua_State* L, Fx&& f) {
				typedef std::conditional_t<std::is_void<T>::value, object_type, T> Ta;
#ifdef SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE
				auto maybeo = stack::check_get<Ta*>(L, 1);
				if (!maybeo || maybeo.value() == nullptr) {
					return luaL_error(L, "sol: received nil for 'self' argument (use ':' for accessing member functions, make sure member variables are preceeded by the actual object with '.' syntax)");
				}
				object_type* o = static_cast<object_type*>(maybeo.value());
				return call(L, std::forward<Fx>(f), *o);
#else
				object_type& o = static_cast<object_type&>(*stack::get<non_null<Ta*>>(L, 1));
				return call(L, std::forward<Fx>(f), o);
#endif // Safety
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename F, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack>
		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, F, false, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, std::enable_if_t<std::is_member_object_pointer<F>::value>> {
			typedef lua_bind_traits<F> traits_type;
			typedef wrapper<meta::unqualified_t<F>> wrap;
			typedef typename wrap::object_type object_type;

			template <typename V>
			static int call_assign(std::true_type, lua_State* L, V&& f, object_type& o) {
				typedef typename wrap::args_list args_list;
				typedef typename wrap::caller caller;
				return stack::call_into_lua<checked, clean_stack>(types<void>(), args_list(), L, boost + ( is_variable ? 3 : 2 ), caller(), f, o);
			}

			template <typename V>
			static int call_assign(std::true_type, lua_State* L, V&& f) {
				typedef std::conditional_t<std::is_void<T>::value, object_type, T> Ta;
#ifdef SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE
				auto maybeo = stack::check_get<Ta*>(L, 1);
				if (!maybeo || maybeo.value() == nullptr) {
					if (is_variable) {
						return luaL_error(L, "sol: received nil for 'self' argument (bad '.' access?)");
					}
					return luaL_error(L, "sol: received nil for 'self' argument (pass 'self' as first argument)");
				}
				object_type* o = static_cast<object_type*>(maybeo.value());
				return call_assign(std::true_type(), L, f, *o);
#else
				object_type& o = static_cast<object_type&>(*stack::get<non_null<Ta*>>(L, 1));
				return call_assign(std::true_type(), L, f, o);
#endif // Safety
			}

			template <typename... Args>
			static int call_assign(std::false_type, lua_State* L, Args&&...) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot write to this variable: copy assignment/constructor not available");
			}

			template <typename... Args>
			static int call_const(std::false_type, lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
				typedef typename traits_type::return_type R;
				return call_assign(std::is_copy_assignable<meta::unqualified_t<R>>(), L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename... Args>
			static int call_const(std::true_type, lua_State* L, Args&&...) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot write to a readonly (const) variable");
			}

			template <typename V>
			static int call(lua_State* L, V&& f) {
				return call_const(std::is_const<typename traits_type::return_type>(), L, std::forward<V>(f));
			}

			template <typename V>
			static int call(lua_State* L, V&& f, object_type& o) {
				return call_const(std::is_const<typename traits_type::return_type>(), L, std::forward<V>(f), o);
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename F, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack>
		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, F, true, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, std::enable_if_t<std::is_member_object_pointer<F>::value>> {
			typedef lua_bind_traits<F> traits_type;
			typedef wrapper<meta::unqualified_t<F>> wrap;
			typedef typename wrap::object_type object_type;

			template <typename V>
			static int call(lua_State* L, V&& v, object_type& o) {
				typedef typename wrap::returns_list returns_list;
				typedef typename wrap::caller caller;
				F f(std::forward<V>(v));
				return stack::call_into_lua<checked, clean_stack>(returns_list(), types<>(), L, boost + ( is_variable ? 3 : 2 ), caller(), f, o);
			}

			template <typename V>
			static int call(lua_State* L, V&& f) {
				typedef std::conditional_t<std::is_void<T>::value, object_type, T> Ta;
#ifdef SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE
				auto maybeo = stack::check_get<Ta*>(L, 1);
				if (!maybeo || maybeo.value() == nullptr) {
					if (is_variable) {
						return luaL_error(L, "sol: 'self' argument is lua_nil (bad '.' access?)");
					}
					return luaL_error(L, "sol: 'self' argument is lua_nil (pass 'self' as first argument)");
				}
				object_type* o = static_cast<object_type*>(maybeo.value());
				return call(L, f, *o);
#else
				object_type& o = static_cast<object_type&>(*stack::get<non_null<Ta*>>(L, 1));
				return call(L, f, o);
#endif // Safety
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename F, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, readonly_wrapper<F>, false, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
			typedef lua_bind_traits<F> traits_type;
			typedef wrapper<meta::unqualified_t<F>> wrap;
			typedef typename wrap::object_type object_type;

			template <typename V>
			static int call(lua_State* L, V&&) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot write to a sol::readonly variable");
			}

			template <typename V>
			static int call(lua_State* L, V&&, object_type&) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot write to a sol::readonly variable");
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename F, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, readonly_wrapper<F>, true, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> : lua_call_wrapper<T, F, true, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
			
		};

		template <typename T, typename... Args, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, constructor_list<Args...>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
			typedef constructor_list<Args...> F;

			static int call(lua_State* L, F&) {
				const auto& metakey = usertype_traits<T>::metatable();
				int argcount = lua_gettop(L);
				call_syntax syntax = argcount > 0 ? stack::get_call_syntax(L, &usertype_traits<T>::user_metatable()[0], 1) : call_syntax::dot;
				argcount -= static_cast<int>(syntax);

				T** pointerpointer = reinterpret_cast<T**>(lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(T*) + sizeof(T)));
				reference userdataref(L, -1);
				T*& referencepointer = *pointerpointer;
				T* obj = reinterpret_cast<T*>(pointerpointer + 1);
				referencepointer = obj;

				construct_match<T, Args...>(constructor_match<T, false, clean_stack>(obj), L, argcount, boost + 1 + static_cast<int>(syntax));

				userdataref.push();
				luaL_getmetatable(L, &metakey[0]);
				if (type_of(L, -1) == type::lua_nil) {
					lua_pop(L, 1);
					return luaL_error(L, "sol: unable to get usertype metatable");
				}

				lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename... Cxs, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, constructor_wrapper<Cxs...>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
			typedef constructor_wrapper<Cxs...> F;

			struct onmatch {
				template <typename Fx, std::size_t I, typename... R, typename... Args>
				int operator()(types<Fx>, index_value<I>, types<R...> r, types<Args...> a, lua_State* L, int, int start, F& f) {
					const auto& metakey = usertype_traits<T>::metatable();
					T** pointerpointer = reinterpret_cast<T**>(lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(T*) + sizeof(T)));
					reference userdataref(L, -1);
					T*& referencepointer = *pointerpointer;
					T* obj = reinterpret_cast<T*>(pointerpointer + 1);
					referencepointer = obj;

					auto& func = std::get<I>(f.functions);
					stack::call_into_lua<checked, clean_stack>(r, a, L, boost + start, func, detail::implicit_wrapper<T>(obj));

					userdataref.push();
					luaL_getmetatable(L, &metakey[0]);
					if (type_of(L, -1) == type::lua_nil) {
						lua_pop(L, 1);
						std::string err = "sol: unable to get usertype metatable for ";
						err += usertype_traits<T>::name();
						return luaL_error(L, err.c_str());
					}
					lua_setmetatable(L, -2);

					return 1;
				}
			};

			static int call(lua_State* L, F& f) {
				call_syntax syntax = stack::get_call_syntax(L, &usertype_traits<T>::user_metatable()[0], 1);
				int syntaxval = static_cast<int>(syntax);
				int argcount = lua_gettop(L) - syntaxval;
				return construct_match<T, meta::pop_front_type_t<meta::function_args_t<Cxs>>...>(onmatch(), L, argcount, 1 + syntaxval, f);
			}

		};

		template <typename T, typename Fx, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack>
		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, destructor_wrapper<Fx>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, std::enable_if_t<std::is_void<Fx>::value>> {
			typedef destructor_wrapper<Fx> F;

			static int call(lua_State* L, const F&) {
				return detail::usertype_alloc_destruct<T>(L);
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename Fx, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack>
		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, destructor_wrapper<Fx>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, std::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<Fx>::value>> {
			typedef destructor_wrapper<Fx> F;

			static int call(lua_State* L, const F& f) {
				T& obj = stack::get<T>(L);
				f.fx(detail::implicit_wrapper<T>(obj));
				return 0;
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename... Fs, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, overload_set<Fs...>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
			typedef overload_set<Fs...> F;

			struct on_match {
				template <typename Fx, std::size_t I, typename... R, typename... Args>
				int operator()(types<Fx>, index_value<I>, types<R...>, types<Args...>, lua_State* L, int, int, F& fx) {
					auto& f = std::get<I>(fx.functions);
					return lua_call_wrapper<T, Fx, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost>{}.call(L, f);
				}
			};

			static int call(lua_State* L, F& fx) {
				return overload_match_arity<Fs...>(on_match(), L, lua_gettop(L), 1, fx);
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename... Fs, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, factory_wrapper<Fs...>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
			typedef factory_wrapper<Fs...> F;

			struct on_match {
				template <typename Fx, std::size_t I, typename... R, typename... Args>
				int operator()(types<Fx>, index_value<I>, types<R...>, types<Args...>, lua_State* L, int, int, F& fx) {
					auto& f = std::get<I>(fx.functions);
					return lua_call_wrapper<T, Fx, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack>{}.call(L, f);
				}
			};

			static int call(lua_State* L, F& fx) {
				return overload_match_arity<Fs...>(on_match(), L, lua_gettop(L) - boost, 1 + boost, fx);
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename R, typename W, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, property_wrapper<R, W>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
			typedef std::conditional_t<is_index, R, W> P;
			typedef meta::unqualified_t<P> U;
			typedef wrapper<U> wrap;
			typedef lua_bind_traits<U> traits_type;
			typedef meta::unqualified_t<typename traits_type::template arg_at<0>> object_type;

			template <typename F>
			static int self_call(std::true_type, lua_State* L, F&& f) {
				// The type being void means we don't have any arguments, so it might be a free functions?
				typedef typename traits_type::free_args_list args_list;
				typedef typename wrap::returns_list returns_list;
				typedef typename wrap::caller caller;
				return stack::call_into_lua<checked, clean_stack>(returns_list(), args_list(), L, boost + (is_variable ? 3 : 2), caller(), f);
			}

			template <typename F>
			static int self_call(std::false_type, lua_State* L, F&& f) {
				typedef meta::pop_front_type_t<typename traits_type::free_args_list> args_list;
				typedef T Ta;
#ifdef SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE
				auto maybeo = stack::check_get<Ta*>(L, 1);
				if (!maybeo || maybeo.value() == nullptr) {
					if (is_variable) {
						return luaL_error(L, "sol: 'self' argument is lua_nil (bad '.' access?)");
					}
					return luaL_error(L, "sol: 'self' argument is lua_nil (pass 'self' as first argument)");
				}
				object_type* o = static_cast<object_type*>(maybeo.value());
#else
				object_type* o = static_cast<object_type*>(stack::get<non_null<Ta*>>(L, 1));
#endif // Safety
				typedef typename wrap::returns_list returns_list;
				typedef typename wrap::caller caller;
				return stack::call_into_lua<checked, clean_stack>(returns_list(), args_list(), L, boost + (is_variable ? 3 : 2), caller(), f, *o);
			}

			template <typename F, typename... Args>
			static int defer_call(std::false_type, lua_State* L, F&& f, Args&&... args) {
				return self_call(meta::any<std::is_void<object_type>, meta::boolean<lua_type_of<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<object_type>>::value != type::userdata>>(), L, pick(meta::boolean<is_index>(), f), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename F, typename... Args>
			static int defer_call(std::true_type, lua_State* L, F&& f, Args&&... args) {
				auto& p = pick(meta::boolean<is_index>(), std::forward<F>(f));
				return lua_call_wrapper<T, meta::unqualified_t<decltype(p)>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack>{}.call(L, p, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename F, typename... Args>
			static int call(lua_State* L, F&& f, Args&&... args) {
				typedef meta::any<
					std::is_void<U>,
					std::is_same<U, no_prop>,
					meta::is_specialization_of<var_wrapper, U>,
					meta::is_specialization_of<constructor_wrapper, U>,
					meta::is_specialization_of<constructor_list, U>,
					std::is_member_pointer<U>
				> is_specialized;
				return defer_call(is_specialized(), L, std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename V, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, protect_t<V>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
			typedef protect_t<V> F;

			template <typename... Args>
			static int call(lua_State* L, F& fx, Args&&... args) {
				return lua_call_wrapper<T, V, is_index, is_variable, true, boost, clean_stack>{}.call(L, fx.value, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename F, typename... Filters, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, filter_wrapper<F, Filters...>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
			typedef filter_wrapper<F, Filters...> P;

			template <std::size_t... In>
			static int call(std::index_sequence<In...>, lua_State* L, P& fx) {
				int pushed = lua_call_wrapper<T, F, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, false, C>{}.call(L, fx.value);
				(void)detail::swallow{ int(), (filter_detail::handle_filter(std::get<In>(fx.filters), L, pushed), int())... };
				return pushed;
			}

			static int call(lua_State* L, P& fx) {
				typedef typename P::indices indices;
				return call(indices(), L, fx);
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename Sig, typename P, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, function_arguments<Sig, P>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
			template <typename F>
			static int call(lua_State* L, F&& f) {
				return lua_call_wrapper<T, meta::unqualified_t<P>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack>{}.call(L, std::get<0>(f.arguments));
			}
		};

		template <typename T, bool is_index, bool is_variable, int boost = 0, bool checked = stack::stack_detail::default_check_arguments, bool clean_stack = true, typename Fx, typename... Args>
		inline int call_wrapped(lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
			return lua_call_wrapper<T, meta::unqualified_t<Fx>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack>{}.call(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template <typename T, bool is_index, bool is_variable, typename F, int start = 1, bool checked = stack::stack_detail::default_check_arguments, bool clean_stack = true>
		inline int call_user(lua_State* L) {
			auto& fx = stack::get<user<F>>(L, upvalue_index(start));
			return call_wrapped<T, is_index, is_variable, 0, checked, clean_stack>(L, fx);
		}

		template <typename T, typename = void>
		struct is_var_bind : std::false_type {};

		template <typename T>
		struct is_var_bind<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_member_object_pointer<T>::value>> : std::true_type {};

		template <>
		struct is_var_bind<no_prop> : std::true_type {};

		template <typename R, typename W>
		struct is_var_bind<property_wrapper<R, W>> : std::true_type {};

		template <typename T>
		struct is_var_bind<var_wrapper<T>> : std::true_type {};

		template <typename T>
		struct is_var_bind<readonly_wrapper<T>> : is_var_bind<meta::unqualified_t<T>> {};

		template <typename F, typename... Filters>
		struct is_var_bind<filter_wrapper<F, Filters...>> : is_var_bind<meta::unqualified_t<F>> {};
	} // call_detail

	template <typename T>
	struct is_variable_binding : call_detail::is_var_bind<meta::unqualified_t<T>> {};

	template <typename T>
	struct is_function_binding : meta::neg<is_variable_binding<T>> {};

} // sol

// end of sol/call.hpp

namespace sol {
	namespace function_detail {
		template <typename F, F fx>
		inline int call_wrapper_variable(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
			typedef meta::bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<F>> traits_type;
			typedef typename traits_type::args_list args_list;
			typedef meta::tuple_types<typename traits_type::return_type> return_type;
			return stack::call_into_lua(return_type(), args_list(), L, 1, fx);
		}

		template <typename R, typename V, V, typename T>
		inline int call_set_assignable(std::false_type, T&&, lua_State* L) {
			return luaL_error(L, "cannot write to this type: copy assignment/constructor not available");
		}

		template <typename R, typename V, V variable, typename T>
		inline int call_set_assignable(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T&& mem) {
			(mem.*variable) = stack::get<R>(L, 2);
			return 0;
		}

		template <typename R, typename V, V, typename T>
		inline int call_set_variable(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T&&) {
			return luaL_error(L, "cannot write to a const variable");
		}

		template <typename R, typename V, V variable, typename T>
		inline int call_set_variable(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T&& mem) {
			return call_set_assignable<R, V, variable>(std::is_assignable<std::add_lvalue_reference_t<R>, R>(), L, std::forward<T>(mem));
		}

		template <typename V, V variable>
		inline int call_wrapper_variable(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
			typedef meta::bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<V>> traits_type;
			typedef typename traits_type::object_type T;
			typedef typename traits_type::return_type R;
			auto& mem = stack::get<T>(L, 1);
			switch (lua_gettop(L)) {
			case 1: {
				decltype(auto) r = (mem.*variable);
				stack::push_reference(L, std::forward<decltype(r)>(r));
				return 1; }
			case 2:
				return call_set_variable<R, V, variable>(meta::neg<std::is_const<R>>(), L, mem);
			default:
				return luaL_error(L, "incorrect number of arguments to member variable function call");
			}
		}

		template <typename F, F fx>
		inline int call_wrapper_function(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
			return call_wrapper_variable<F, fx>(std::is_member_object_pointer<F>(), L);
		}

		template <typename F, F fx>
		inline int call_wrapper_function(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
			return call_detail::call_wrapped<void, false, false>(L, fx);
		}

		template <typename F, F fx>
		int call_wrapper_entry(lua_State* L) noexcept(meta::bind_traits<F>::is_noexcept) {
			return call_wrapper_function<F, fx>(std::is_member_function_pointer<meta::unqualified_t<F>>(), L);
		}

		template <typename... Fxs>
		struct c_call_matcher {
			template <typename Fx, std::size_t I, typename R, typename... Args>
			int operator()(types<Fx>, index_value<I>, types<R>, types<Args...>, lua_State* L, int, int) const {
				typedef meta::at_in_pack_t<I, Fxs...> target;
				return target::call(L);
			}
		};

		template <typename F, F fx>
		inline int c_call_raw(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
			return fx(L);
		}

		template <typename F, F fx>
		inline int c_call_raw(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
#ifdef __clang__
			return detail::trampoline(L, function_detail::call_wrapper_entry<F, fx>);
#else
			return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&function_detail::call_wrapper_entry<F, fx>), (&function_detail::call_wrapper_entry<F, fx>)>(L);
#endif // fuck you clang :c
		}

	} // function_detail

	template <typename F, F fx>
	inline int c_call(lua_State* L) {
		typedef meta::unqualified_t<F> Fu;
		return function_detail::c_call_raw<F, fx>(std::integral_constant<bool, std::is_same<Fu, lua_CFunction>::value
#ifdef SOL_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE
			|| std::is_same<Fu, detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept>::value
#endif 
		>(), L);
	}

	template <typename F, F f>
	struct wrap {
		typedef F type;

		static int call(lua_State* L) {
			return c_call<type, f>(L);
		}
	};

	template <typename... Fxs>
	inline int c_call(lua_State* L) {
		if (sizeof...(Fxs) < 2) {
			return meta::at_in_pack_t<0, Fxs...>::call(L);
		}
		else {
			return call_detail::overload_match_arity<typename Fxs::type...>(function_detail::c_call_matcher<Fxs...>(), L, lua_gettop(L), 1);
		}
	}

} // sol

// end of sol/function_types_templated.hpp

// beginning of sol/function_types_stateless.hpp

namespace sol {
	namespace function_detail {
		template<typename Function>
		struct upvalue_free_function {
			typedef std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Function>> function_type;
			typedef meta::bind_traits<function_type> traits_type;

			static int real_call(lua_State* L) noexcept(traits_type::is_noexcept) {
				auto udata = stack::stack_detail::get_as_upvalues<function_type*>(L);
				function_type* fx = udata.first;
				return call_detail::call_wrapped<void, true, false>(L, fx);
			}

			static int call(lua_State* L) {
				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_call), (&real_call)>(L);
			}

			int operator()(lua_State* L) {
				return call(L);
			}
		};

		template<typename T, typename Function>
		struct upvalue_member_function {
			typedef std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Function>> function_type;
			typedef lua_bind_traits<function_type> traits_type;

			static int real_call(lua_State* L) noexcept(traits_type::is_noexcept) {
				// Layout:
				// idx 1...n: verbatim data of member function pointer
				// idx n + 1: is the object's void pointer
				// We don't need to store the size, because the other side is templated
				// with the same member function pointer type
				auto memberdata = stack::stack_detail::get_as_upvalues<function_type>(L);
				auto objdata = stack::stack_detail::get_as_upvalues<T*>(L, memberdata.second);
				function_type& memfx = memberdata.first;
				auto& item = *objdata.first;
				return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, true, false, -1>(L, memfx, item);
			}

			static int call(lua_State* L) {
				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_call), (&real_call)>(L);
			}

			int operator()(lua_State* L) {
				return call(L);
			}
		};

		template<typename T, typename Function>
		struct upvalue_member_variable {
			typedef std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Function>> function_type;
			typedef lua_bind_traits<function_type> traits_type;

			static int real_call(lua_State* L) noexcept(traits_type::is_noexcept) {
				// Layout:
				// idx 1...n: verbatim data of member variable pointer
				// idx n + 1: is the object's void pointer
				// We don't need to store the size, because the other side is templated
				// with the same member function pointer type
				auto memberdata = stack::stack_detail::get_as_upvalues<function_type>(L);
				auto objdata = stack::stack_detail::get_as_upvalues<T*>(L, memberdata.second);
				auto& mem = *objdata.first;
				function_type& var = memberdata.first;
				switch (lua_gettop(L)) {
				case 0:
					return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, true, false, -1>(L, var, mem);
				case 1:
					return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, false, false, -1>(L, var, mem);
				default:
					return luaL_error(L, "sol: incorrect number of arguments to member variable function");
				}
			}

			static int call(lua_State* L) {
				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_call), (&real_call)>(L);
			}

			int operator()(lua_State* L) {
				return call(L);
			}
		};

		template<typename T, typename Function>
		struct upvalue_member_variable<T, readonly_wrapper<Function>> {
			typedef std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Function>> function_type;
			typedef lua_bind_traits<function_type> traits_type;

			static int real_call(lua_State* L) noexcept(traits_type::is_noexcept) {
				// Layout:
				// idx 1...n: verbatim data of member variable pointer
				// idx n + 1: is the object's void pointer
				// We don't need to store the size, because the other side is templated
				// with the same member function pointer type
				auto memberdata = stack::stack_detail::get_as_upvalues<function_type>(L);
				auto objdata = stack::stack_detail::get_as_upvalues<T*>(L, memberdata.second);
				auto& mem = *objdata.first;
				function_type& var = memberdata.first;
				switch (lua_gettop(L)) {
				case 0:
					return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, true, false, -1>(L, var, mem);
				default:
					return luaL_error(L, "sol: incorrect number of arguments to member variable function");
				}
			}

			static int call(lua_State* L) {
				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_call), (&real_call)>(L);
			}

			int operator()(lua_State* L) {
				return call(L);
			}
		};

		template<typename T, typename Function>
		struct upvalue_this_member_function {
			typedef std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Function>> function_type;
			typedef lua_bind_traits<function_type> traits_type;

			static int real_call(lua_State* L) noexcept(traits_type::is_noexcept) {
				// Layout:
				// idx 1...n: verbatim data of member variable pointer
				auto memberdata = stack::stack_detail::get_as_upvalues<function_type>(L);
				function_type& memfx = memberdata.first;
				return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, false, false>(L, memfx);
			}

			static int call(lua_State* L) {
				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_call), (&real_call)>(L);
			}

			int operator()(lua_State* L) {
				return call(L);
			}
		};

		template<typename T, typename Function>
		struct upvalue_this_member_variable {
			typedef std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Function>> function_type;

			static int real_call(lua_State* L) noexcept(false) {
				// Layout:
				// idx 1...n: verbatim data of member variable pointer
				auto memberdata = stack::stack_detail::get_as_upvalues<function_type>(L);
				function_type& var = memberdata.first;
				switch (lua_gettop(L)) {
				case 1:
					return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, true, false>(L, var);
				case 2:
					return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, false, false>(L, var);
				default:
					return luaL_error(L, "sol: incorrect number of arguments to member variable function");
				}
			}

			static int call(lua_State* L) {
				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_call), (&real_call)>(L);
			}

			int operator()(lua_State* L) {
				return call(L);
			}
		};

		template<typename T, typename Function>
		struct upvalue_this_member_variable<T, readonly_wrapper<Function>> {
			typedef std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Function>> function_type;
			typedef lua_bind_traits<function_type> traits_type;

			static int real_call(lua_State* L) noexcept(false) {
				// Layout:
				// idx 1...n: verbatim data of member variable pointer
				auto memberdata = stack::stack_detail::get_as_upvalues<function_type>(L);
				function_type& var = memberdata.first;
				switch (lua_gettop(L)) {
				case 1:
					return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, true, false>(L, var);
				default:
					return luaL_error(L, "sol: incorrect number of arguments to member variable function");
				}
			}

			static int call(lua_State* L) {
				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_call), (&real_call)>(L);
			}

			int operator()(lua_State* L) {
				return call(L);
			}
		};
	} // function_detail
} // sol

// end of sol/function_types_stateless.hpp

// beginning of sol/function_types_stateful.hpp

namespace sol {
	namespace function_detail {
		template<typename Func>
		struct functor_function {
			typedef std::decay_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<Func>> function_type;
			function_type fx;

			template<typename... Args>
			functor_function(function_type f, Args&&... args) : fx(std::move(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}

			int call(lua_State* L) {
				return call_detail::call_wrapped<void, true, false>(L, fx);
			}

			int operator()(lua_State* L) {
				auto f = [&](lua_State*) -> int { return this->call(L); };
				return detail::trampoline(L, f);
			}
		};

		template<typename T, typename Function>
		struct member_function {
			typedef std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Function>> function_type;
			typedef meta::function_return_t<function_type> return_type;
			typedef meta::function_args_t<function_type> args_lists;
			function_type invocation;
			T member;

			template<typename... Args>
			member_function(function_type f, Args&&... args) : invocation(std::move(f)), member(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}

			int call(lua_State* L) {
				return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, true, false, -1>(L, invocation, detail::unwrap(detail::deref(member)));
			}

			int operator()(lua_State* L) {
				auto f = [&](lua_State*) -> int { return this->call(L); };
				return detail::trampoline(L, f);
			}
		};

		template<typename T, typename Function>
		struct member_variable {
			typedef std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Function>> function_type;
			typedef typename meta::bind_traits<function_type>::return_type return_type;
			typedef typename meta::bind_traits<function_type>::args_list args_lists;
			function_type var;
			T member;
			typedef std::add_lvalue_reference_t<meta::unwrapped_t<std::remove_reference_t<decltype(detail::deref(member))>>> M;

			template<typename... Args>
			member_variable(function_type v, Args&&... args) : var(std::move(v)), member(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}

			int call(lua_State* L) {
				M mem = detail::unwrap(detail::deref(member));
				switch (lua_gettop(L)) {
				case 0:
					return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, true, false, -1>(L, var, mem);
				case 1:
					return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, false, false, -1>(L, var, mem);
				default:
					return luaL_error(L, "sol: incorrect number of arguments to member variable function");
				}
			}

			int operator()(lua_State* L) {
				auto f = [&](lua_State*) -> int { return this->call(L); };
				return detail::trampoline(L, f);
			}
		};
	} // function_detail
} // sol

// end of sol/function_types_stateful.hpp

// beginning of sol/function_types_overloaded.hpp

namespace sol {
	namespace function_detail {
		template <int start_skew = 0, typename... Functions>
		struct overloaded_function {
			typedef std::tuple<Functions...> overload_list;
			typedef std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Functions)> indices;
			overload_list overloads;

			overloaded_function(overload_list set)
				: overloads(std::move(set)) {}

			overloaded_function(Functions... fxs)
				: overloads(fxs...) {

			}

			template <typename Fx, std::size_t I, typename... R, typename... Args>
			int call(types<Fx>, index_value<I>, types<R...>, types<Args...>, lua_State* L, int, int) {
				auto& func = std::get<I>(overloads);
				return call_detail::call_wrapped<void, true, false, start_skew>(L, func);
			}

			int operator()(lua_State* L) {
				auto mfx = [&](auto&&... args) { return this->call(std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)...); };
				return call_detail::overload_match<Functions...>(mfx, L, 1 + start_skew);
			}
		};
	} // function_detail
} // sol

// end of sol/function_types_overloaded.hpp

// beginning of sol/resolve.hpp

namespace sol {
	
#ifndef __clang__
	// constexpr is fine for not-clang

	namespace detail {
		template<typename R, typename... Args, typename F, typename = std::result_of_t<meta::unqualified_t<F>(Args...)>>
		inline constexpr auto resolve_i(types<R(Args...)>, F&&)->R(meta::unqualified_t<F>::*)(Args...) {
			using Sig = R(Args...);
			typedef meta::unqualified_t<F> Fu;
			return static_cast<Sig Fu::*>(&Fu::operator());
		}

		template<typename F, typename U = meta::unqualified_t<F>>
		inline constexpr auto resolve_f(std::true_type, F&& f)
			-> decltype(resolve_i(types<meta::function_signature_t<decltype(&U::operator())>>(), std::forward<F>(f))) {
			return resolve_i(types<meta::function_signature_t<decltype(&U::operator())>>(), std::forward<F>(f));
		}

		template<typename F>
		inline constexpr void resolve_f(std::false_type, F&&) {
			static_assert(meta::has_deducible_signature<F>::value,
				"Cannot use no-template-parameter call with an overloaded functor: specify the signature");
		}

		template<typename F, typename U = meta::unqualified_t<F>>
		inline constexpr auto resolve_i(types<>, F&& f) -> decltype(resolve_f(meta::has_deducible_signature<U>(), std::forward<F>(f))) {
			return resolve_f(meta::has_deducible_signature<U> {}, std::forward<F>(f));
		}

		template<typename... Args, typename F, typename R = std::result_of_t<F&(Args...)>>
		inline constexpr auto resolve_i(types<Args...>, F&& f) -> decltype(resolve_i(types<R(Args...)>(), std::forward<F>(f))) {
			return resolve_i(types<R(Args...)>(), std::forward<F>(f));
		}

		template<typename Sig, typename C>
		inline constexpr Sig C::* resolve_v(std::false_type, Sig C::* mem_func_ptr) {
			return mem_func_ptr;
		}

		template<typename Sig, typename C>
		inline constexpr Sig C::* resolve_v(std::true_type, Sig C::* mem_variable_ptr) {
			return mem_variable_ptr;
		}
	} // detail

	template<typename... Args, typename R>
	inline constexpr auto resolve(R fun_ptr(Args...))->R(*)(Args...) {
		return fun_ptr;
	}

	template<typename Sig>
	inline constexpr Sig* resolve(Sig* fun_ptr) {
		return fun_ptr;
	}

	template<typename... Args, typename R, typename C>
	inline constexpr auto resolve(R(C::*mem_ptr)(Args...))->R(C::*)(Args...) {
		return mem_ptr;
	}

	template<typename Sig, typename C>
	inline constexpr Sig C::* resolve(Sig C::* mem_ptr) {
		return detail::resolve_v(std::is_member_object_pointer<Sig C::*>(), mem_ptr);
	}

	template<typename... Sig, typename F, meta::disable<std::is_function<meta::unqualified_t<F>>> = meta::enabler>
	inline constexpr auto resolve(F&& f) -> decltype(detail::resolve_i(types<Sig...>(), std::forward<F>(f))) {
		return detail::resolve_i(types<Sig...>(), std::forward<F>(f));
	}
#else

	// Clang has distinct problems with constexpr arguments,
	// so don't use the constexpr versions inside of clang.

	namespace detail {
		template<typename R, typename... Args, typename F, typename = std::result_of_t<meta::unqualified_t<F>(Args...)>>
		inline auto resolve_i(types<R(Args...)>, F&&)->R(meta::unqualified_t<F>::*)(Args...) {
			using Sig = R(Args...);
			typedef meta::unqualified_t<F> Fu;
			return static_cast<Sig Fu::*>(&Fu::operator());
		}

		template<typename F, typename U = meta::unqualified_t<F>>
		inline auto resolve_f(std::true_type, F&& f)
			-> decltype(resolve_i(types<meta::function_signature_t<decltype(&U::operator())>>(), std::forward<F>(f))) {
			return resolve_i(types<meta::function_signature_t<decltype(&U::operator())>>(), std::forward<F>(f));
		}

		template<typename F>
		inline void resolve_f(std::false_type, F&&) {
			static_assert(meta::has_deducible_signature<F>::value,
				"Cannot use no-template-parameter call with an overloaded functor: specify the signature");
		}

		template<typename F, typename U = meta::unqualified_t<F>>
		inline auto resolve_i(types<>, F&& f) -> decltype(resolve_f(meta::has_deducible_signature<U>(), std::forward<F>(f))) {
			return resolve_f(meta::has_deducible_signature<U> {}, std::forward<F>(f));
		}

		template<typename... Args, typename F, typename R = std::result_of_t<F&(Args...)>>
		inline auto resolve_i(types<Args...>, F&& f) -> decltype(resolve_i(types<R(Args...)>(), std::forward<F>(f))) {
			return resolve_i(types<R(Args...)>(), std::forward<F>(f));
		}

		template<typename Sig, typename C>
		inline Sig C::* resolve_v(std::false_type, Sig C::* mem_func_ptr) {
			return mem_func_ptr;
		}

		template<typename Sig, typename C>
		inline Sig C::* resolve_v(std::true_type, Sig C::* mem_variable_ptr) {
			return mem_variable_ptr;
		}
	} // detail

	template<typename... Args, typename R>
	inline auto resolve(R fun_ptr(Args...))->R(*)(Args...) {
		return fun_ptr;
	}

	template<typename Sig>
	inline Sig* resolve(Sig* fun_ptr) {
		return fun_ptr;
	}

	template<typename... Args, typename R, typename C>
	inline auto resolve(R(C::*mem_ptr)(Args...))->R(C::*)(Args...) {
		return mem_ptr;
	}

	template<typename Sig, typename C>
	inline Sig C::* resolve(Sig C::* mem_ptr) {
		return detail::resolve_v(std::is_member_object_pointer<Sig C::*>(), mem_ptr);
	}

	template<typename... Sig, typename F>
	inline auto resolve(F&& f) -> decltype(detail::resolve_i(types<Sig...>(), std::forward<F>(f))) {
		return detail::resolve_i(types<Sig...>(), std::forward<F>(f));
	}

#endif

} // sol

// end of sol/resolve.hpp

namespace sol {
	namespace function_detail {
		template<typename T>
		struct class_indicator {};

		struct call_indicator {};
	}
	namespace stack {
		template<typename... Sigs>
		struct pusher<function_sig<Sigs...>> {
			template <typename... Sig, typename Fx, typename... Args>
			static void select_convertible(std::false_type, types<Sig...>, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
				typedef std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Fx>> clean_fx;
				typedef function_detail::functor_function<clean_fx> F;
				set_fx<F>(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename R, typename... A, typename Fx, typename... Args>
			static void select_convertible(std::true_type, types<R(A...)>, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
				using fx_ptr_t = R(*)(A...);
				fx_ptr_t fxptr = detail::unwrap(std::forward<Fx>(fx));
				select_function(std::true_type(), L, fxptr, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename R, typename... A, typename Fx, typename... Args>
			static void select_convertible(types<R(A...)> t, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
				typedef std::decay_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<Fx>> raw_fx_t;
				typedef R(*fx_ptr_t)(A...);
				typedef std::is_convertible<raw_fx_t, fx_ptr_t> is_convertible;
				select_convertible(is_convertible(), t, L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
			static void select_convertible(types<>, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
				typedef meta::function_signature_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<Fx>> Sig;
				select_convertible(types<Sig>(), L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename Fx, typename T, typename... Args>
			static void select_reference_member_variable(std::false_type, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, T&& obj, Args&&... args) {
				typedef std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Fx>> clean_fx;
				typedef function_detail::member_variable<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<T>, clean_fx> F;
				set_fx<F>(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<T>(obj), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename Fx, typename T, typename... Args>
			static void select_reference_member_variable(std::true_type, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, T&& obj, Args&&... args) {
				typedef std::decay_t<Fx> dFx;
				dFx memfxptr(std::forward<Fx>(fx));
				auto userptr = detail::ptr(std::forward<T>(obj), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
				lua_CFunction freefunc = &function_detail::upvalue_member_variable<std::decay_t<decltype(*userptr)>, meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>::call;

				int upvalues = 0;
				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
				upvalues += stack::stack_detail::push_as_upvalues(L, memfxptr);
				upvalues += stack::push(L, lightuserdata_value(static_cast<void*>(userptr)));
				stack::push(L, c_closure(freefunc, upvalues));
			}

			template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
			static void select_member_variable(std::false_type, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
				select_convertible(types<Sigs...>(), L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename Fx, typename T, typename... Args, meta::disable<meta::is_specialization_of<function_detail::class_indicator, meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
			static void select_member_variable(std::true_type, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, T&& obj, Args&&... args) {
				typedef meta::boolean<meta::is_specialization_of<std::reference_wrapper, meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value || std::is_pointer<T>::value> is_reference;
				select_reference_member_variable(is_reference(), L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<T>(obj), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename Fx, typename C>
			static void select_member_variable(std::true_type, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, function_detail::class_indicator<C>) {
				lua_CFunction freefunc = &function_detail::upvalue_this_member_variable<C, Fx>::call;
				int upvalues = 0;
				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
				upvalues += stack::stack_detail::push_as_upvalues(L, fx);
				stack::push(L, c_closure(freefunc, upvalues));
			}

			template <typename Fx>
			static void select_member_variable(std::true_type, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx) {
				typedef typename meta::bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>::object_type C;
				lua_CFunction freefunc = &function_detail::upvalue_this_member_variable<C, Fx>::call;
				int upvalues = 0;
				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
				upvalues += stack::stack_detail::push_as_upvalues(L, fx);
				stack::push(L, c_closure(freefunc, upvalues));
			}

			template <typename Fx, typename T, typename... Args>
			static void select_reference_member_function(std::false_type, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, T&& obj, Args&&... args) {
				typedef std::decay_t<Fx> clean_fx;
				typedef function_detail::member_function<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<T>, clean_fx> F;
				set_fx<F>(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<T>(obj), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename Fx, typename T, typename... Args>
			static void select_reference_member_function(std::true_type, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, T&& obj, Args&&... args) {
				typedef std::decay_t<Fx> dFx;
				dFx memfxptr(std::forward<Fx>(fx));
				auto userptr = detail::ptr(std::forward<T>(obj), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
				lua_CFunction freefunc = &function_detail::upvalue_member_function<std::decay_t<decltype(*userptr)>, meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>::call;

				int upvalues = 0;
				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
				upvalues += stack::stack_detail::push_as_upvalues(L, memfxptr);
				upvalues += stack::push(L, lightuserdata_value(static_cast<void*>(userptr)));
				stack::push(L, c_closure(freefunc, upvalues));
			}

			template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
			static void select_member_function(std::false_type, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
				select_member_variable(meta::is_member_object<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>(), L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename Fx, typename T, typename... Args, meta::disable<meta::is_specialization_of<function_detail::class_indicator, meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
			static void select_member_function(std::true_type, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, T&& obj, Args&&... args) {
				typedef meta::boolean<meta::is_specialization_of<std::reference_wrapper, meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value || std::is_pointer<T>::value> is_reference;
				select_reference_member_function(is_reference(), L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<T>(obj), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename Fx, typename C>
			static void select_member_function(std::true_type, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, function_detail::class_indicator<C>) {
				lua_CFunction freefunc = &function_detail::upvalue_this_member_function<C, Fx>::call;
				int upvalues = 0;
				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
				upvalues += stack::stack_detail::push_as_upvalues(L, fx);
				stack::push(L, c_closure(freefunc, upvalues));
			}

			template <typename Fx>
			static void select_member_function(std::true_type, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx) {
				typedef typename meta::bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>::object_type C;
				lua_CFunction freefunc = &function_detail::upvalue_this_member_function<C, Fx>::call;
				int upvalues = 0;
				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
				upvalues += stack::stack_detail::push_as_upvalues(L, fx);
				stack::push(L, c_closure(freefunc, upvalues));
			}

			template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
			static void select_function(std::false_type, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
				select_member_function(std::is_member_function_pointer<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>(), L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
			static void select_function(std::true_type, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
				std::decay_t<Fx> target(std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
				lua_CFunction freefunc = &function_detail::upvalue_free_function<Fx>::call;

				int upvalues = 0;
				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
				upvalues += stack::stack_detail::push_as_upvalues(L, target);
				stack::push(L, c_closure(freefunc, upvalues));
			}

			static void select_function(std::true_type, lua_State* L, lua_CFunction f) {
				stack::push(L, f);
			}

#ifdef SOL_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE
			static void select_function(std::true_type, lua_State* L, detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept f) {
				stack::push(L, f);
			}
#endif // noexcept function type

			template <typename Fx, typename... Args, meta::disable<meta::any<std::is_base_of<reference, meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>, std::is_base_of<stack_reference, meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>>> = meta::enabler>
			static void select(lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
				select_function(std::is_function<std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>>(), L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}

			template <typename Fx, meta::enable<meta::any<std::is_base_of<reference, meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>, std::is_base_of<stack_reference, meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>>> = meta::enabler>
			static void select(lua_State* L, Fx&& fx) {
				stack::push(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx));
			}

			template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
			static void set_fx(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
				lua_CFunction freefunc = function_detail::call<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>, 2>;

				int upvalues = 0;
				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
				upvalues += stack::push<user<Fx>>(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
				stack::push(L, c_closure(freefunc, upvalues));
			}

			template<typename... Args>
			static int push(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
				// Set will always place one thing (function) on the stack
				select(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template<typename T, typename... Args>
		struct pusher<function_arguments<T, Args...>> {
			template <std::size_t... I, typename FP>
			static int push_func(std::index_sequence<I...>, lua_State* L, FP&& fp) {
				return stack::push<T>(L, detail::forward_get<I>(fp.arguments)...);
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const function_arguments<T, Args...>& fp) {
				return push_func(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args)>(), L, fp);
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, function_arguments<T, Args...>&& fp) {
				return push_func(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args)>(), L, std::move(fp));
			}
		};

		template<typename Signature>
		struct pusher<std::function<Signature>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const std::function<Signature>& fx) {
				return pusher<function_sig<Signature>>{}.push(L, fx);
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, std::function<Signature>&& fx) {
				return pusher<function_sig<Signature>>{}.push(L, std::move(fx));
			}
		};

		template<typename Signature>
		struct pusher<Signature, std::enable_if_t<std::is_member_pointer<Signature>::value>> {
			template <typename F, typename... Args>
			static int push(lua_State* L, F&& f, Args&&... args) {
				return pusher<function_sig<>>{}.push(L, std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}
		};

		template<typename Signature>
		struct pusher<Signature, std::enable_if_t<meta::all<
			std::is_function<std::remove_pointer_t<Signature>>, 
			meta::neg<std::is_same<Signature, lua_CFunction>>,
			meta::neg<std::is_same<Signature, std::remove_pointer_t<lua_CFunction>>>
#ifdef SOL_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE
			, meta::neg<std::is_same<Signature, detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept>>,
			meta::neg<std::is_same<Signature, std::remove_pointer_t<detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept>>>
#endif // noexcept function types
		>::value>> {
			template <typename F>
			static int push(lua_State* L, F&& f) {
				return pusher<function_sig<>>{}.push(L, std::forward<F>(f));
			}
		};

		template<typename... Functions>
		struct pusher<overload_set<Functions...>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, overload_set<Functions...>&& set) {
				typedef function_detail::overloaded_function<0, Functions...> F;
				pusher<function_sig<>>{}.set_fx<F>(L, std::move(set.functions));
				return 1;
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const overload_set<Functions...>& set) {
				typedef function_detail::overloaded_function<0, Functions...> F;
				pusher<function_sig<>>{}.set_fx<F>(L, set.functions);
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct pusher<protect_t<T>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, protect_t<T>&& pw) {
				lua_CFunction cf = call_detail::call_user<void, false, false, protect_t<T>, 2>;
				int upvalues = 0;
				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
				upvalues += stack::push<user<protect_t<T>>>(L, std::move(pw.value));
				return stack::push(L, c_closure(cf, upvalues));
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const protect_t<T>& pw) {
				lua_CFunction cf = call_detail::call_user<void, false, false, protect_t<T>, 2>;
				int upvalues = 0;
				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
				upvalues += stack::push<user<protect_t<T>>>(L, pw.value);
				return stack::push(L, c_closure(cf, upvalues));
			}
		};

		template <typename F, typename G>
		struct pusher<property_wrapper<F, G>, std::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<F>::value && !std::is_void<G>::value>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, property_wrapper<F, G>&& pw) {
				return stack::push(L, sol::overload(std::move(pw.read), std::move(pw.write)));
			}
			static int push(lua_State* L, const property_wrapper<F, G>& pw) {
				return stack::push(L, sol::overload(pw.read, pw.write));
			}
		};

		template <typename F>
		struct pusher<property_wrapper<F, void>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, property_wrapper<F, void>&& pw) {
				return stack::push(L, std::move(pw.read));
			}
			static int push(lua_State* L, const property_wrapper<F, void>& pw) {
				return stack::push(L, pw.read);
			}
		};

		template <typename F>
		struct pusher<property_wrapper<void, F>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, property_wrapper<void, F>&& pw) {
				return stack::push(L, std::move(pw.write));
			}
			static int push(lua_State* L, const property_wrapper<void, F>& pw) {
				return stack::push(L, pw.write);
			}
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct pusher<var_wrapper<T>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, var_wrapper<T>&& vw) {
				return stack::push(L, std::move(vw.value));
			}
			static int push(lua_State* L, const var_wrapper<T>& vw) {
				return stack::push(L, vw.value);
			}
		};

		template <typename... Functions>
		struct pusher<factory_wrapper<Functions...>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const factory_wrapper<Functions...>& fw) {
				typedef function_detail::overloaded_function<0, Functions...> F;
				pusher<function_sig<>>{}.set_fx<F>(L, fw.functions);
				return 1;
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, factory_wrapper<Functions...>&& fw) {
				typedef function_detail::overloaded_function<0, Functions...> F;
				pusher<function_sig<>>{}.set_fx<F>(L, std::move(fw.functions));
				return 1;
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const factory_wrapper<Functions...>& set, function_detail::call_indicator) {
				typedef function_detail::overloaded_function<1, Functions...> F;
				pusher<function_sig<>>{}.set_fx<F>(L, set.functions);
				return 1;
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, factory_wrapper<Functions...>&& set, function_detail::call_indicator) {
				typedef function_detail::overloaded_function<1, Functions...> F;
				pusher<function_sig<>>{}.set_fx<F>(L, std::move(set.functions));
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template <>
		struct pusher<no_construction> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, no_construction) {
				lua_CFunction cf = &function_detail::no_construction_error;
				return stack::push(L, cf);
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, no_construction c, function_detail::call_indicator) {
				return push(L, c);
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename... Lists>
		struct pusher<detail::tagged<T, constructor_list<Lists...>>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, detail::tagged<T, constructor_list<Lists...>>) {
				lua_CFunction cf = call_detail::construct<T, stack_detail::default_check_arguments, true, Lists...>;
				return stack::push(L, cf);
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename... Fxs>
		struct pusher<detail::tagged<T, constructor_wrapper<Fxs...>>> {
			template <typename C>
			static int push(lua_State* L, C&& c) {
				lua_CFunction cf = call_detail::call_user<T, false, false, constructor_wrapper<Fxs...>, 2>;
				int upvalues = 0;
				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
				upvalues += stack::push<user<constructor_wrapper<Fxs...>>>(L, std::forward<C>(c));
				return stack::push(L, c_closure(cf, upvalues));
			}
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct pusher<detail::tagged<T, destructor_wrapper<void>>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, destructor_wrapper<void>) {
				lua_CFunction cf = detail::usertype_alloc_destruct<T>;
				return stack::push(L, cf);
			}
		};

		template <typename T, typename Fx>
		struct pusher<detail::tagged<T, destructor_wrapper<Fx>>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, destructor_wrapper<Fx> c) {
				lua_CFunction cf = call_detail::call_user<T, false, false, destructor_wrapper<Fx>, 2>;
				int upvalues = 0;
				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
				upvalues += stack::push<user<T>>(L, std::move(c));
				return stack::push(L, c_closure(cf, upvalues));
			}
		};

		template <typename F, typename... Filters>
		struct pusher<filter_wrapper<F, Filters...>> {
			typedef filter_wrapper<F, Filters...> P;

			static int push(lua_State* L, const P& p) {
				lua_CFunction cf = call_detail::call_user<void, false, false, P, 2>;
				int upvalues = 0;
				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
				upvalues += stack::push<user<P>>(L, p);
				return stack::push(L, c_closure(cf, upvalues));
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, P&& p) {
				lua_CFunction cf = call_detail::call_user<void, false, false, P, 2>;
				int upvalues = 0;
				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
				upvalues += stack::push<user<P>>(L, std::move(p));
				return stack::push(L, c_closure(cf, upvalues));
			}
		};
	} // stack
} // sol

// end of sol/function_types.hpp

namespace sol {
	template <typename base_t, bool aligned = false>
	class basic_function : public base_t {
	private:
		void luacall(std::ptrdiff_t argcount, std::ptrdiff_t resultcount) const {
			lua_callk(lua_state(), static_cast<int>(argcount), static_cast<int>(resultcount), 0, nullptr);
		}

		template<std::size_t... I, typename... Ret>
		auto invoke(types<Ret...>, std::index_sequence<I...>, std::ptrdiff_t n) const {
			luacall(n, lua_size<std::tuple<Ret...>>::value);
			return stack::pop<std::tuple<Ret...>>(lua_state());
		}

		template<std::size_t I, typename Ret>
		Ret invoke(types<Ret>, std::index_sequence<I>, std::ptrdiff_t n) const {
			luacall(n, lua_size<Ret>::value);
			return stack::pop<Ret>(lua_state());
		}

		template <std::size_t I>
		void invoke(types<void>, std::index_sequence<I>, std::ptrdiff_t n) const {
			luacall(n, 0);
		}

		function_result invoke(types<>, std::index_sequence<>, std::ptrdiff_t n) const {
			int stacksize = lua_gettop(lua_state());
			int firstreturn = (std::max)(1, stacksize - static_cast<int>(n));
			luacall(n, LUA_MULTRET);
			int poststacksize = lua_gettop(lua_state());
			int returncount = poststacksize - (firstreturn - 1);
			return function_result(lua_state(), firstreturn, returncount);
		}

	public:
		using base_t::lua_state;

		basic_function() = default;
		template <typename T, meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_function>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<base_t, stack_reference>>, std::is_base_of<base_t, meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
		basic_function(T&& r) noexcept : base_t(std::forward<T>(r)) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			if (!is_function<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
				auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
				constructor_handler handler{};
				stack::check<basic_function>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
			}
#endif // Safety
		}
		basic_function(const basic_function&) = default;
		basic_function& operator=(const basic_function&) = default;
		basic_function(basic_function&&) = default;
		basic_function& operator=(basic_function&&) = default;
		basic_function(const stack_reference& r) : basic_function(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {}
		basic_function(stack_reference&& r) : basic_function(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {}
		template <typename T, meta::enable<meta::neg<is_lua_index<meta::unqualified_t<T>>>> = meta::enabler>
		basic_function(lua_State* L, T&& r) : basic_function(L, sol::ref_index(r.registry_index())) {}
		basic_function(lua_State* L, int index = -1) : base_t(L, index) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			constructor_handler handler{};
			stack::check<basic_function>(L, index, handler);
#endif // Safety
		}
		basic_function(lua_State* L, ref_index index) : base_t(L, index) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
			constructor_handler handler{};
			stack::check<basic_function>(L, -1, handler);
#endif // Safety
		}

		template<typename... Args>
		function_result operator()(Args&&... args) const {
			return call<>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template<typename... Ret, typename... Args>
		decltype(auto) operator()(types<Ret...>, Args&&... args) const {
			return call<Ret...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template<typename... Ret, typename... Args>
		decltype(auto) call(Args&&... args) const {
			if (!aligned) {
				base_t::push();
			}
			int pushcount = stack::multi_push_reference(lua_state(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			return invoke(types<Ret...>(), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ret)>(), pushcount);
		}
	};
} // sol

// end of sol/unsafe_function.hpp

// beginning of sol/protected_function.hpp

// beginning of sol/protected_function_result.hpp

namespace sol {
	struct protected_function_result : public proxy_base<protected_function_result> {
	private:
		lua_State* L;
		int index;
		int returncount;
		int popcount;
		call_status err;

		template <typename T>
		decltype(auto) tagged_get(types<optional<T>>) const {
			if (!valid()) {
				return optional<T>(nullopt);
			}
			return stack::get<optional<T>>(L, index);
		}

		template <typename T>
		decltype(auto) tagged_get(types<T>) const {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			if (!valid()) {
				type_panic_c_str(L, index, type_of(L, index), type::none);
			}
#endif // Check Argument Safety
			return stack::get<T>(L, index);
		}

		optional<error> tagged_get(types<optional<error>>) const {
			if (valid()) {
				return nullopt;
			}
			return error(detail::direct_error, stack::get<std::string>(L, index));
		}

		error tagged_get(types<error>) const {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			if (valid()) {
				type_panic_c_str(L, index, type_of(L, index), type::none);
			}
#endif // Check Argument Safety
			return error(detail::direct_error, stack::get<std::string>(L, index));
		}

	public:
		protected_function_result() = default;
		protected_function_result(lua_State* Ls, int idx = -1, int retnum = 0, int popped = 0, call_status pferr = call_status::ok) noexcept : L(Ls), index(idx), returncount(retnum), popcount(popped), err(pferr) {

		}
		protected_function_result(const protected_function_result&) = default;
		protected_function_result& operator=(const protected_function_result&) = default;
		protected_function_result(protected_function_result&& o) noexcept : L(o.L), index(o.index), returncount(o.returncount), popcount(o.popcount), err(o.err) {
			// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
			// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
			// but we will be thorough
			o.abandon();
		}
		protected_function_result& operator=(protected_function_result&& o) noexcept {
			L = o.L;
			index = o.index;
			returncount = o.returncount;
			popcount = o.popcount;
			err = o.err;
			// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
			// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
			// but we will be thorough
			o.abandon();
			return *this;
		}

		protected_function_result(const function_result& o) = delete;
		protected_function_result& operator=(const function_result& o) = delete;
		protected_function_result(function_result&& o) noexcept;
		protected_function_result& operator=(function_result&& o) noexcept;

		call_status status() const noexcept {
			return err;
		}

		bool valid() const noexcept {
			return status() == call_status::ok || status() == call_status::yielded;
		}

		template<typename T>
		decltype(auto) get() const {
			return tagged_get(types<meta::unqualified_t<T>>());
		}

		lua_State* lua_state() const noexcept { return L; };
		int stack_index() const noexcept { return index; };
		int return_count() const noexcept { return returncount; };
		int pop_count() const noexcept { return popcount; };
		void abandon() noexcept {
			//L = nullptr;
			index = 0;
			returncount = 0;
			popcount = 0;
			err = call_status::runtime;
		}
		~protected_function_result() {
			stack::remove(L, index, popcount);
		}
	};

	namespace stack {
		template <>
		struct pusher<protected_function_result> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const protected_function_result& pfr) {
				int p = 0;
				for (int i = 0; i < pfr.pop_count(); ++i) {
					lua_pushvalue(L, i + pfr.stack_index());
					++p;
				}
				return p;
			}
		};
	} // stack
} // sol

// end of sol/protected_function_result.hpp

namespace sol {
	namespace detail {
		inline const char (&default_handler_name())[11] {
			static const char name[11] = "sol.\xF0\x9F\x94\xA9";
			return name;
		}

		template <bool b, typename target_t = reference>
		struct protected_handler {
			typedef std::is_base_of<stack_reference, target_t> is_stack;
			const target_t& target;
			int stackindex;

			protected_handler(std::false_type, const target_t& target) : target(target), stackindex(0) {
				if (b) {
					stackindex = lua_gettop(target.lua_state()) + 1;
					target.push();
				}
			}

			protected_handler(std::true_type, const target_t& target) : target(target), stackindex(0) {
				if (b) {
					stackindex = target.stack_index();
				}
			}

			protected_handler(const target_t& target) : protected_handler(is_stack(), target) {}

			bool valid() const noexcept { return b; }

			~protected_handler() {
				if (!is_stack::value && stackindex != 0) {
					lua_remove(target.lua_state(), stackindex);
				}
			}
		};

		template <typename base_t, typename T>
		basic_function<base_t> force_cast(T& p) {
			return p;
		}
	} // detail
	
	template <typename base_t, bool aligned = false, typename handler_t = reference>
	class basic_protected_function : public base_t {
	public:
		typedef std::is_base_of<stack_reference, handler_t> is_stack_handler;

		static handler_t get_default_handler(lua_State* L) {
			if (is_stack_handler::value || L == nullptr)
				return handler_t(L, lua_nil);
			lua_getglobal(L, detail::default_handler_name());
			auto pp = stack::pop_n(L, 1);
			return handler_t(L, -1);
		}

		template <typename T>
		static void set_default_handler(const T& ref) {
			if (ref.lua_state() == nullptr) {
				return;
			}
			if (!ref.valid()) {
				lua_pushnil(ref.lua_state());
				lua_setglobal(ref.lua_state(), detail::default_handler_name());
			} 
			else {
				ref.push();
				lua_setglobal(ref.lua_state(), detail::default_handler_name());
			}
		}

	private:
		template <bool b>
		call_status luacall(std::ptrdiff_t argcount, std::ptrdiff_t resultcount, detail::protected_handler<b, handler_t>& h) const {
			return static_cast<call_status>(lua_pcallk(lua_state(), static_cast<int>(argcount), static_cast<int>(resultcount), h.stackindex, 0, nullptr));
		}

		template<std::size_t... I, bool b, typename... Ret>
		auto invoke(types<Ret...>, std::index_sequence<I...>, std::ptrdiff_t n, detail::protected_handler<b, handler_t>& h) const {
			luacall(n, sizeof...(Ret), h);
			return stack::pop<std::tuple<Ret...>>(lua_state());
		}

		template<std::size_t I, bool b, typename Ret>
		Ret invoke(types<Ret>, std::index_sequence<I>, std::ptrdiff_t n, detail::protected_handler<b, handler_t>& h) const {
			luacall(n, 1, h);
			return stack::pop<Ret>(lua_state());
		}

		template <std::size_t I, bool b>
		void invoke(types<void>, std::index_sequence<I>, std::ptrdiff_t n, detail::protected_handler<b, handler_t>& h) const {
			luacall(n, 0, h);
		}

		template <bool b>
		protected_function_result invoke(types<>, std::index_sequence<>, std::ptrdiff_t n, detail::protected_handler<b, handler_t>& h) const {
			int stacksize = lua_gettop(lua_state());
			int poststacksize = stacksize;
			int firstreturn = 1;
			int returncount = 0;
			call_status code = call_status::ok;
#ifndef SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS
			auto onexcept = [&](const char* error) {
				h.stackindex = 0;
				if (b) {
					h.target.push();
					stack::push(lua_state(), error);
					lua_call(lua_state(), 1, 1);
				}
				else {
					stack::push(lua_state(), error);
				}
			};
			try {
#endif // No Exceptions
				firstreturn = (std::max)(1, static_cast<int>(stacksize - n - static_cast<int>(h.valid())));
				code = luacall(n, LUA_MULTRET, h);
				poststacksize = lua_gettop(lua_state()) - static_cast<int>(h.valid());
				returncount = poststacksize - (firstreturn - 1);
#ifndef SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS
			}
			// Handle C++ errors thrown from C++ functions bound inside of lua
			catch (const char* error) {
				onexcept(error);
				firstreturn = lua_gettop(lua_state());
				return protected_function_result(lua_state(), firstreturn, 0, 1, call_status::runtime);
			}
			catch (const std::exception& error) {
				onexcept(error.what());
				firstreturn = lua_gettop(lua_state());
				return protected_function_result(lua_state(), firstreturn, 0, 1, call_status::runtime);
			}
			catch (...) {
				onexcept("caught (...) unknown error during protected_function call");
				firstreturn = lua_gettop(lua_state());
				return protected_function_result(lua_state(), firstreturn, 0, 1, call_status::runtime);
			}
#endif // No Exceptions
			return protected_function_result(lua_state(), firstreturn, returncount, returncount, code);
		}

	public:
		using base_t::lua_state;

		handler_t error_handler;

		basic_protected_function() = default;
		template <typename T, meta::enable<
			meta::neg<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_protected_function>>, 
			meta::neg<std::is_base_of<proxy_base_tag, meta::unqualified_t<T>>>, 
			meta::neg<std::is_same<base_t, stack_reference>>, 
			std::is_base_of<base_t, meta::unqualified_t<T>>
		> = meta::enabler>
		basic_protected_function(T&& r) noexcept : base_t(std::forward<T>(r)) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			if (!is_function<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
				auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
				constructor_handler handler{};
				stack::check<basic_protected_function>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
			}
#endif // Safety
		}
		basic_protected_function(const basic_protected_function&) = default;
		basic_protected_function& operator=(const basic_protected_function&) = default;
		basic_protected_function(basic_protected_function&&) = default;
		basic_protected_function& operator=(basic_protected_function&&) = default;
		basic_protected_function(const basic_function<base_t>& b) : basic_protected_function(b, get_default_handler(b.lua_state())) {}
		basic_protected_function(basic_function<base_t>&& b) : basic_protected_function(std::move(b), get_default_handler(b.lua_state())) {}
		basic_protected_function(const basic_function<base_t>& b, handler_t eh) : base_t(b), error_handler(std::move(eh)) {}
		basic_protected_function(basic_function<base_t>&& b, handler_t eh) : base_t(std::move(b)), error_handler(std::move(eh)) {}
		basic_protected_function(const stack_reference& r) : basic_protected_function(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index(), get_default_handler(r.lua_state())) {}
		basic_protected_function(stack_reference&& r) : basic_protected_function(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index(), get_default_handler(r.lua_state())) {}
		basic_protected_function(const stack_reference& r, handler_t eh) : basic_protected_function(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index(), std::move(eh)) {}
		basic_protected_function(stack_reference&& r, handler_t eh) : basic_protected_function(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index(), std::move(eh)) {}

		template <typename Super>
		basic_protected_function(const proxy_base<Super>& p) : basic_protected_function(p, get_default_handler(p.lua_state())) {}
		template <typename Super>
		basic_protected_function(proxy_base<Super>&& p) : basic_protected_function(std::move(p), get_default_handler(p.lua_state())) {}
		template <typename Proxy, typename Handler, meta::enable<
			std::is_base_of<proxy_base_tag, meta::unqualified_t<Proxy>>,
			meta::neg<is_lua_index<meta::unqualified_t<Handler>>>
		> = meta::enabler>
		basic_protected_function(Proxy&& p, Handler&& eh) : basic_protected_function(detail::force_cast<base_t>(p), std::forward<Handler>(eh)) {}

		template <typename T, meta::enable<meta::neg<is_lua_index<meta::unqualified_t<T>>>> = meta::enabler>
		basic_protected_function(lua_State* L, T&& r) : basic_protected_function(L, std::forward<T>(r), get_default_handler(L)) {}
		template <typename T, meta::enable<meta::neg<is_lua_index<meta::unqualified_t<T>>>> = meta::enabler>
		basic_protected_function(lua_State* L, T&& r, handler_t eh) : basic_protected_function(L, sol::ref_index(r.registry_index()), std::move(eh)) {}

		basic_protected_function(lua_State* L, int index = -1) : basic_protected_function(L, index, get_default_handler(L)) {}
		basic_protected_function(lua_State* L, int index, handler_t eh) : base_t(L, index), error_handler(std::move(eh)) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			constructor_handler handler{};
			stack::check<basic_protected_function>(L, index, handler);
#endif // Safety
		}
		basic_protected_function(lua_State* L, absolute_index index) : basic_protected_function(L, index, get_default_handler(L)) {}
		basic_protected_function(lua_State* L, absolute_index index, handler_t eh) : base_t(L, index), error_handler(std::move(eh)) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			constructor_handler handler{};
			stack::check<basic_protected_function>(L, index, handler);
#endif // Safety
		}
		basic_protected_function(lua_State* L, raw_index index) : basic_protected_function(L, index, get_default_handler(L)) {}
		basic_protected_function(lua_State* L, raw_index index, handler_t eh) : base_t(L, index), error_handler(std::move(eh)) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			constructor_handler handler{};
			stack::check<basic_protected_function>(L, index, handler);
#endif // Safety
		}
		basic_protected_function(lua_State* L, ref_index index) : basic_protected_function(L, index, get_default_handler(L)) {}
		basic_protected_function(lua_State* L, ref_index index, handler_t eh) : base_t(L, index), error_handler(std::move(eh)) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
			constructor_handler handler{};
			stack::check<basic_protected_function>(L, -1, handler);
#endif // Safety
		}

		template<typename... Args>
		protected_function_result operator()(Args&&... args) const {
			return call<>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template<typename... Ret, typename... Args>
		decltype(auto) operator()(types<Ret...>, Args&&... args) const {
			return call<Ret...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template<typename... Ret, typename... Args>
		decltype(auto) call(Args&&... args) const {
			if (!aligned) {
				// we do not expect the function to already be on the stack: push it
				if (error_handler.valid()) {
					detail::protected_handler<true, handler_t> h(error_handler);
					base_t::push();
					int pushcount = stack::multi_push_reference(lua_state(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
					return invoke(types<Ret...>(), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ret)>(), pushcount, h);
				}
				else {
					detail::protected_handler<false, handler_t> h(error_handler);
					base_t::push();
					int pushcount = stack::multi_push_reference(lua_state(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
					return invoke(types<Ret...>(), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ret)>(), pushcount, h);
				}
			}
			else {
				// the function is already on the stack at the right location
				if (error_handler.valid()) {
					// the handler will be pushed onto the stack manually,
					// since it's not already on the stack this means we need to push our own
					// function on the stack too and swap things to be in-place
					if (!is_stack_handler::value) {
						// so, we need to remove the function at the top and then dump the handler out ourselves
						base_t::push();
					}
					detail::protected_handler<true, handler_t> h(error_handler);
					if (!is_stack_handler::value) {
						lua_replace(lua_state(), -3);
						h.stackindex = lua_absindex(lua_state(), -2);
					}
					int pushcount = stack::multi_push_reference(lua_state(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
					return invoke(types<Ret...>(), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ret)>(), pushcount, h);
				}
				else {
					detail::protected_handler<false, handler_t> h(error_handler);
					int pushcount = stack::multi_push_reference(lua_state(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
					return invoke(types<Ret...>(), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ret)>(), pushcount, h);
				}
			}
		}
	};
} // sol

// end of sol/protected_function.hpp

namespace sol {

	inline protected_function_result::protected_function_result(function_result&& o) noexcept : L(o.lua_state()), index(o.stack_index()), returncount(o.return_count()), popcount(o.return_count()), err(o.status()) {
		// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
		// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
		// but we will be thorough
		o.abandon();
	}

	inline protected_function_result& protected_function_result::operator=(function_result&& o) noexcept {
		L = o.lua_state();
		index = o.stack_index();
		returncount = o.return_count();
		popcount = o.return_count();
		err = o.status();
		// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
		// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
		// but we will be thorough
		o.abandon();
		return *this;
	}

	inline function_result::function_result(protected_function_result&& o) noexcept : L(o.lua_state()), index(o.stack_index()), returncount(o.return_count()) {
		// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
		// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
		// but we will be thorough
		o.abandon();
	}
	inline function_result& function_result::operator=(protected_function_result&& o) noexcept {
		L = o.lua_state();
		index = o.stack_index();
		returncount = o.return_count();
		// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
		// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
		// but we will be thorough
		o.abandon();
		return *this;
	}

	namespace stack {
		template<typename Signature>
		struct getter<std::function<Signature>> {
			typedef meta::bind_traits<Signature> fx_t;
			typedef typename fx_t::args_list args_lists;
			typedef meta::tuple_types<typename fx_t::return_type> return_types;

			template<typename... Args, typename... Ret>
			static std::function<Signature> get_std_func(types<Ret...>, types<Args...>, lua_State* L, int index) {
				sol::function f(L, index);
				auto fx = [f, L, index](Args&&... args) -> meta::return_type_t<Ret...> {
					return f.call<Ret...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
				};
				return std::move(fx);
			}

			template<typename... FxArgs>
			static std::function<Signature> get_std_func(types<void>, types<FxArgs...>, lua_State* L, int index) {
				sol::function f(L, index);
				auto fx = [f, L, index](FxArgs&&... args) -> void {
					f(std::forward<FxArgs>(args)...);
				};
				return std::move(fx);
			}

			template<typename... FxArgs>
			static std::function<Signature> get_std_func(types<>, types<FxArgs...> t, lua_State* L, int index) {
				return get_std_func(types<void>(), t, L, index);
			}

			static std::function<Signature> get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.last = 1;
				tracking.used += 1;
				type t = type_of(L, index);
				if (t == type::none || t == type::lua_nil) {
					return nullptr;
				}
				return get_std_func(return_types(), args_lists(), L, index);
			}
		};
	} // stack

} // sol

// end of sol/function.hpp

namespace sol {
	template<typename Table, typename Key>
	struct proxy : public proxy_base<proxy<Table, Key>> {
	private:
		typedef meta::condition<meta::is_specialization_of<std::tuple, Key>, Key, std::tuple<meta::condition<std::is_array<meta::unqualified_t<Key>>, Key&, meta::unqualified_t<Key>>>> key_type;

		template<typename T, std::size_t... I>
		decltype(auto) tuple_get(std::index_sequence<I...>) const {
			return tbl.template traverse_get<T>(std::get<I>(key)...);
		}

		template<std::size_t... I, typename T>
		void tuple_set(std::index_sequence<I...>, T&& value) {
			tbl.traverse_set(std::get<I>(key)..., std::forward<T>(value));
		}

		auto setup_table(std::true_type) {
			auto p = stack::probe_get_field<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Table>, global_table>::value>(lua_state(), key, tbl.stack_index());
			lua_pop(lua_state(), p.levels);
			return p;
		}

		bool is_valid(std::false_type) {
			auto pp = stack::push_pop(tbl);
			auto p = stack::probe_get_field<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Table>, global_table>::value>(lua_state(), key, lua_gettop(lua_state()));
			lua_pop(lua_state(), p.levels);
			return p;
		}

	public:
		Table tbl;
		key_type key;

		template<typename T>
		proxy(Table table, T&& k) : tbl(table), key(std::forward<T>(k)) {}

		template<typename T>
		proxy& set(T&& item) {
			tuple_set(std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size<meta::unqualified_t<key_type>>::value>(), std::forward<T>(item));
			return *this;
		}

		template<typename... Args>
		proxy& set_function(Args&&... args) {
			tbl.set_function(key, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			return *this;
		}

		template<typename U, meta::enable<meta::neg<is_lua_reference<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<U>>>, meta::is_callable<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<U>>> = meta::enabler>
		proxy& operator=(U&& other) {
			return set_function(std::forward<U>(other));
		}

		template<typename U, meta::disable<meta::neg<is_lua_reference<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<U>>>, meta::is_callable<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<U>>> = meta::enabler>
		proxy& operator=(U&& other) {
			return set(std::forward<U>(other));
		}

		template<typename T>
		decltype(auto) get() const {
			return tuple_get<T>(std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size<meta::unqualified_t<key_type>>::value>());
		}

		template<typename T>
		decltype(auto) get_or(T&& otherwise) const {
			typedef decltype(get<T>()) U;
			optional<U> option = get<optional<U>>();
			if (option) {
				return static_cast<U>(option.value());
			}
			return static_cast<U>(std::forward<T>(otherwise));
		}

		template<typename T, typename D>
		decltype(auto) get_or(D&& otherwise) const {
			optional<T> option = get<optional<T>>();
			if (option) {
				return static_cast<T>(option.value());
			}
			return static_cast<T>(std::forward<D>(otherwise));
		}

		template <typename K>
		decltype(auto) operator[](K&& k) const {
			auto keys = meta::tuplefy(key, std::forward<K>(k));
			return proxy<Table, decltype(keys)>(tbl, std::move(keys));
		}

		template<typename... Ret, typename... Args>
		decltype(auto) call(Args&&... args) {
			return get<function>().template call<Ret...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template<typename... Args>
		decltype(auto) operator()(Args&&... args) {
			return call<>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		bool valid() const {
			auto pp = stack::push_pop(tbl);
			auto p = stack::probe_get_field<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Table>, global_table>::value>(lua_state(), key, lua_gettop(lua_state()));
			lua_pop(lua_state(), p.levels);
			return p;
		}

		type get_type() const {
			type t = type::none;
			auto pp = stack::push_pop(tbl);
			auto p = stack::probe_get_field<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Table>, global_table>::value>(lua_state(), key, lua_gettop(lua_state()));
			if (p) {
				t = type_of(lua_state(), -1);
			}
			lua_pop(lua_state(), p.levels);
			return t;
		}

		lua_State* lua_state() const {
			return tbl.lua_state();
		}
	};

	template<typename Table, typename Key, typename T>
	inline bool operator==(T&& left, const proxy<Table, Key>& right) {
		typedef decltype(stack::get<T>(nullptr, 0)) U;
		return right.template get<optional<U>>() == left;
	}

	template<typename Table, typename Key, typename T>
	inline bool operator==(const proxy<Table, Key>& right, T&& left) {
		typedef decltype(stack::get<T>(nullptr, 0)) U;
		return right.template get<optional<U>>() == left;
	}

	template<typename Table, typename Key, typename T>
	inline bool operator!=(T&& left, const proxy<Table, Key>& right) {
		typedef decltype(stack::get<T>(nullptr, 0)) U;
		return right.template get<optional<U>>() == left;
	}

	template<typename Table, typename Key, typename T>
	inline bool operator!=(const proxy<Table, Key>& right, T&& left) {
		typedef decltype(stack::get<T>(nullptr, 0)) U;
		return right.template get<optional<U>>() == left;
	}

	template<typename Table, typename Key>
	inline bool operator==(lua_nil_t, const proxy<Table, Key>& right) {
		return !right.valid();
	}

	template<typename Table, typename Key>
	inline bool operator==(const proxy<Table, Key>& right, lua_nil_t) {
		return !right.valid();
	}

	template<typename Table, typename Key>
	inline bool operator!=(lua_nil_t, const proxy<Table, Key>& right) {
		return right.valid();
	}

	template<typename Table, typename Key>
	inline bool operator!=(const proxy<Table, Key>& right, lua_nil_t) {
		return right.valid();
	}

	namespace stack {
		template <typename Table, typename Key>
		struct pusher<proxy<Table, Key>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const proxy<Table, Key>& p) {
				sol::reference r = p;
				return r.push(L);
			}
		};
	} // stack
} // sol

// end of sol/proxy.hpp

// beginning of sol/usertype.hpp

// beginning of sol/usertype_metatable.hpp

// beginning of sol/deprecate.hpp

#ifndef SOL_DEPRECATED
    #ifdef _MSC_VER
        #define SOL_DEPRECATED __declspec(deprecated)
    #elif __GNUC__
        #define SOL_DEPRECATED __attribute__((deprecated)) 
    #else
        #define SOL_DEPRECATED [[deprecated]]
    #endif // compilers
#endif // SOL_DEPRECATED

namespace sol {
	namespace detail {
		template <typename T>
		struct SOL_DEPRECATED deprecate_type {
			using type = T;
		};
	} // detail
} // sol

// end of sol/deprecate.hpp

// beginning of sol/object.hpp

// beginning of sol/object_base.hpp

namespace sol {

	template <typename base_t>
	class basic_object_base : public base_t {
	private:
		template<typename T>
		decltype(auto) as_stack(std::true_type) const {
			return stack::get<T>(base_t::lua_state(), base_t::stack_index());
		}

		template<typename T>
		decltype(auto) as_stack(std::false_type) const {
			base_t::push();
			return stack::pop<T>(base_t::lua_state());
		}

		template<typename T>
		bool is_stack(std::true_type) const {
			return stack::check<T>(base_t::lua_state(), base_t::stack_index(), no_panic);
		}

		template<typename T>
		bool is_stack(std::false_type) const {
			int r = base_t::registry_index();
			if (r == LUA_REFNIL)
				return meta::any_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, lua_nil_t, nullopt_t, std::nullptr_t>::value ? true : false;
			if (r == LUA_NOREF)
				return false;
			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
			return stack::check<T>(base_t::lua_state(), -1, no_panic);
		}

	public:
		basic_object_base() noexcept = default;
		basic_object_base(const basic_object_base&) = default;
		basic_object_base(basic_object_base&&) = default;
		basic_object_base& operator=(const basic_object_base&) = default;
		basic_object_base& operator=(basic_object_base&&) = default;
		template <typename T, typename... Args, meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_object_base>>> = meta::enabler>
		basic_object_base(T&& arg, Args&&... args) : base_t(std::forward<T>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...) { }

		template<typename T>
		decltype(auto) as() const {
			return as_stack<T>(std::is_same<base_t, stack_reference>());
		}

		template<typename T>
		bool is() const {
			return is_stack<T>(std::is_same<base_t, stack_reference>());
		}
	};
} // sol

// end of sol/object_base.hpp

// beginning of sol/userdata.hpp

namespace sol {
	template <typename base_type>
	class basic_userdata : public basic_table<base_type> {
		typedef basic_table<base_type> base_t;
	public:
		using base_t::lua_state;

		basic_userdata() noexcept = default;
		template <typename T, meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_userdata>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<base_t, stack_reference>>, std::is_base_of<base_type, meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
		basic_userdata(T&& r) noexcept : base_t(std::forward<T>(r)) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			if (!is_userdata<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
				auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
				type_assert(lua_state(), -1, type::userdata);
			}
#endif // Safety
		}
		basic_userdata(const basic_userdata&) = default;
		basic_userdata(basic_userdata&&) = default;
		basic_userdata& operator=(const basic_userdata&) = default;
		basic_userdata& operator=(basic_userdata&&) = default;
		basic_userdata(const stack_reference& r) : basic_userdata(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {}
		basic_userdata(stack_reference&& r) : basic_userdata(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {}
		template <typename T, meta::enable<meta::neg<is_lua_index<meta::unqualified_t<T>>>> = meta::enabler>
		basic_userdata(lua_State* L, T&& r) : basic_userdata(L, sol::ref_index(r.registry_index())) {}
		basic_userdata(lua_State* L, int index = -1) : base_t(detail::no_safety, L, index) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			constructor_handler handler{};
			stack::check<basic_userdata>(L, index, handler);
#endif // Safety
		}
		basic_userdata(lua_State* L, ref_index index) : base_t(detail::no_safety, L, index) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
			constructor_handler handler{};
			stack::check<basic_userdata>(L, index, handler);
#endif // Safety
		}
	};

	template <typename base_type>
	class basic_lightuserdata : public basic_object_base<base_type> {
		typedef basic_object_base<base_type> base_t;
	public:
		using base_t::lua_state;

		basic_lightuserdata() noexcept = default;
		template <typename T, meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_lightuserdata>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<base_t, stack_reference>>, std::is_base_of<base_type, meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
		basic_lightuserdata(T&& r) noexcept : base_t(std::forward<T>(r)) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			if (!is_lightuserdata<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
				auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
				type_assert(lua_state(), -1, type::lightuserdata);
			}
#endif // Safety
		}
		basic_lightuserdata(const basic_lightuserdata&) = default;
		basic_lightuserdata(basic_lightuserdata&&) = default;
		basic_lightuserdata& operator=(const basic_lightuserdata&) = default;
		basic_lightuserdata& operator=(basic_lightuserdata&&) = default;
		basic_lightuserdata(const stack_reference& r) : basic_lightuserdata(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {}
		basic_lightuserdata(stack_reference&& r) : basic_lightuserdata(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {}
		template <typename T, meta::enable<meta::neg<is_lua_index<T>>> = meta::enabler>
		basic_lightuserdata(lua_State* L, T&& r) : basic_lightuserdata(L, sol::ref_index(r.registry_index())) {}
		basic_lightuserdata(lua_State* L, int index = -1) : base_t(L, index) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			constructor_handler handler{};
			stack::check<basic_lightuserdata>(L, index, handler);
#endif // Safety
		}
		basic_lightuserdata(lua_State* L, ref_index index) : base_t(L, index) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
			constructor_handler handler{};
			stack::check<basic_lightuserdata>(L, index, handler);
#endif // Safety
		}
	};

} // sol

// end of sol/userdata.hpp

// beginning of sol/as_args.hpp

namespace sol {
	template <typename T>
	struct as_args_t {
		T src;
	};

	template <typename Source>
	auto as_args(Source&& source) {
		return as_args_t<Source>{ std::forward<Source>(source) };
	}

	namespace stack {
		template <typename T>
		struct pusher<as_args_t<T>> {
			int push(lua_State* L, const as_args_t<T>& e) {
				int p = 0;
				for (const auto& i : e.src) {
					p += stack::push(L, i);
				}
				return p;
			}
		};
	} // stack
} // sol

// end of sol/as_args.hpp

// beginning of sol/variadic_args.hpp

// beginning of sol/stack_proxy.hpp

namespace sol {
	struct stack_proxy : public proxy_base<stack_proxy> {
	private:
		lua_State* L;
		int index;

	public:
		stack_proxy() : L(nullptr), index(0) {}
		stack_proxy(lua_State* L, int index) : L(L), index(index) {}

		template<typename T>
		decltype(auto) get() const {
			return stack::get<T>(L, stack_index());
		}

		template <typename T>
		bool is() const {
			return stack::check<T>(L, stack_index());
		}

		template <typename T>
		decltype(auto) as() const {
			return get<T>();
		}

		type get_type() const noexcept {
			return type_of(lua_state(), stack_index());
		}

		int push() const {
			return push(L);
		}

		int push(lua_State* Ls) const {
			lua_pushvalue(Ls, index);
			return 1;
		}

		lua_State* lua_state() const { return L; }
		int stack_index() const { return index; }

		template<typename... Ret, typename... Args>
		decltype(auto) call(Args&&... args) {
			return get<function>().template call<Ret...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template<typename... Args>
		decltype(auto) operator()(Args&&... args) {
			return call<>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}
	};

	namespace stack {
		template <>
		struct getter<stack_proxy> {
			static stack_proxy get(lua_State* L, int index = -1) {
				return stack_proxy(L, index);
			}
		};

		template <>
		struct pusher<stack_proxy> {
			static int push(lua_State*, const stack_proxy& ref) {
				return ref.push();
			}
		};
	} // stack

	namespace detail {
		template <>
		struct is_speshul<function_result> : std::true_type {};
		template <>
		struct is_speshul<protected_function_result> : std::true_type {};

		template <std::size_t I, typename... Args, typename T>
		stack_proxy get(types<Args...>, index_value<0>, index_value<I>, const T& fr) {
			return stack_proxy(fr.lua_state(), static_cast<int>(fr.stack_index() + I));
		}

		template <std::size_t I, std::size_t N, typename Arg, typename... Args, typename T, meta::enable<meta::boolean<(N > 0)>> = meta::enabler>
		stack_proxy get(types<Arg, Args...>, index_value<N>, index_value<I>, const T& fr) {
			return get(types<Args...>(), index_value<N - 1>(), index_value<I + lua_size<Arg>::value>(), fr);
		}
	}

	template <>
	struct tie_size<function_result> : std::integral_constant<std::size_t, SIZE_MAX> {};

	template <std::size_t I>
	stack_proxy get(const function_result& fr) {
		return stack_proxy(fr.lua_state(), static_cast<int>(fr.stack_index() + I));
	}

	template <std::size_t I, typename... Args>
	stack_proxy get(types<Args...> t, const function_result& fr) {
		return detail::get(t, index_value<I>(), index_value<0>(), fr);
	}

	template <>
	struct tie_size<protected_function_result> : std::integral_constant<std::size_t, SIZE_MAX> {};

	template <std::size_t I>
	stack_proxy get(const protected_function_result& fr) {
		return stack_proxy(fr.lua_state(), static_cast<int>(fr.stack_index() + I));
	}

	template <std::size_t I, typename... Args>
	stack_proxy get(types<Args...> t, const protected_function_result& fr) {
		return detail::get(t, index_value<I>(), index_value<0>(), fr);
	}
} // sol

// end of sol/stack_proxy.hpp

namespace sol {
	template <bool is_const>
	struct va_iterator : std::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, std::conditional_t<is_const, const stack_proxy, stack_proxy>, std::ptrdiff_t, std::conditional_t<is_const, const stack_proxy*, stack_proxy*>, std::conditional_t<is_const, const stack_proxy, stack_proxy>> {
		typedef std::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, std::conditional_t<is_const, const stack_proxy, stack_proxy>, std::ptrdiff_t, std::conditional_t<is_const, const stack_proxy*, stack_proxy*>, std::conditional_t<is_const, const stack_proxy, stack_proxy>> base_t;
		typedef typename base_t::reference reference;
		typedef typename base_t::pointer pointer;
		typedef typename base_t::value_type value_type;
		typedef typename base_t::difference_type difference_type;
		typedef typename base_t::iterator_category iterator_category;
		lua_State* L;
		int index;
		int stacktop;
		stack_proxy sp;

		va_iterator() : L(nullptr), index((std::numeric_limits<int>::max)()), stacktop((std::numeric_limits<int>::max)()) {}
		va_iterator(const va_iterator<true>& r) : L(r.L), index(r.index), stacktop(r.stacktop) {}
		va_iterator(lua_State* luastate, int idx, int topidx) : L(luastate), index(idx), stacktop(topidx), sp(luastate, idx) {}

		reference operator*() {
			return stack_proxy(L, index);
		}

		reference operator*() const {
			return stack_proxy(L, index);
		}

		pointer operator->() {
			sp = stack_proxy(L, index);
			return &sp;
		}

		pointer operator->() const {
			const_cast<stack_proxy&>(sp) = stack_proxy(L, index);
			return &sp;
		}

		va_iterator& operator++ () {
			++index;
			return *this;
		}

		va_iterator operator++ (int) {
			auto r = *this;
			this->operator ++();
			return r;
		}

		va_iterator& operator-- () {
			--index;
			return *this;
		}

		va_iterator operator-- (int) {
			auto r = *this;
			this->operator --();
			return r;
		}

		va_iterator& operator+= (difference_type idx) {
			index += static_cast<int>(idx);
			return *this;
		}

		va_iterator& operator-= (difference_type idx) {
			index -= static_cast<int>(idx);
			return *this;
		}

		difference_type operator- (const va_iterator& r) const {
			return index - r.index;
		}

		va_iterator operator+ (difference_type idx) const {
			va_iterator r = *this;
			r += idx;
			return r;
		}

		reference operator[](difference_type idx) const {
			return stack_proxy(L, index + static_cast<int>(idx));
		}

		bool operator==(const va_iterator& r) const {
			if (stacktop == (std::numeric_limits<int>::max)()) {
				return r.index == r.stacktop;
			}
			else if (r.stacktop == (std::numeric_limits<int>::max)()) {
				return index == stacktop;
			}
			return index == r.index;
		}

		bool operator != (const va_iterator& r) const {
			return !(this->operator==(r));
		}

		bool operator < (const va_iterator& r) const {
			return index < r.index;
		}

		bool operator > (const va_iterator& r) const {
			return index > r.index;
		}

		bool operator <= (const va_iterator& r) const {
			return index <= r.index;
		}

		bool operator >= (const va_iterator& r) const {
			return index >= r.index;
		}
	};

	template <bool is_const>
	inline va_iterator<is_const> operator+(typename va_iterator<is_const>::difference_type n, const va_iterator<is_const>& r) {
		return r + n;
	}

	struct variadic_args {
	private:
		lua_State* L;
		int index;
		int stacktop;

	public:
		typedef stack_proxy reference_type;
		typedef stack_proxy value_type;
		typedef stack_proxy* pointer;
		typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
		typedef std::size_t size_type;
		typedef va_iterator<false> iterator;
		typedef va_iterator<true> const_iterator;
		typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
		typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;

		variadic_args() = default;
		variadic_args(lua_State* luastate, int stackindex = -1) : L(luastate), index(lua_absindex(luastate, stackindex)), stacktop(lua_gettop(luastate)) {}
		variadic_args(lua_State* luastate, int stackindex, int lastindex) : L(luastate), index(lua_absindex(luastate, stackindex)), stacktop(lastindex) {}
		variadic_args(const variadic_args&) = default;
		variadic_args& operator=(const variadic_args&) = default;
		variadic_args(variadic_args&& o) : L(o.L), index(o.index), stacktop(o.stacktop) {
			// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
			// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
			// but will be thorough
			o.L = nullptr;
			o.index = 0;
			o.stacktop = 0;
		}
		variadic_args& operator=(variadic_args&& o) {
			L = o.L;
			index = o.index;
			stacktop = o.stacktop;
			// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
			// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
			// but will be thorough
			o.L = nullptr;
			o.index = 0;
			o.stacktop = 0;
			return *this;
		}

		iterator begin() { return iterator(L, index, stacktop + 1); }
		iterator end() { return iterator(L, stacktop + 1, stacktop + 1); }
		const_iterator begin() const { return const_iterator(L, index, stacktop + 1); }
		const_iterator end() const { return const_iterator(L, stacktop + 1, stacktop + 1); }
		const_iterator cbegin() const { return begin(); }
		const_iterator cend() const { return end(); }

		reverse_iterator rbegin() { return std::reverse_iterator<iterator>(begin()); }
		reverse_iterator rend() { return std::reverse_iterator<iterator>(end()); }
		const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const { return std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>(begin()); }
		const_reverse_iterator rend() const { return std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>(end()); }
		const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const { return std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>(cbegin()); }
		const_reverse_iterator crend() const { return std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>(cend()); }

		int push() const {
			return push(L);
		}

		int push(lua_State* target) const {
			int pushcount = 0;
			for (int i = index; i <= stacktop; ++i) {
				lua_pushvalue(L, i);
				pushcount += 1;
			}
			if (target != L) {
				lua_xmove(L, target, pushcount);
			}
			return pushcount;
		}

		template<typename T>
		decltype(auto) get(difference_type start = 0) const {
			return stack::get<T>(L, index + static_cast<int>(start));
		}

		type get_type(difference_type start = 0) const noexcept {
			return type_of(L, index + static_cast<int>(start));
		}

		stack_proxy operator[](difference_type start) const {
			return stack_proxy(L, index + static_cast<int>(start));
		}

		lua_State* lua_state() const { return L; };
		int stack_index() const { return index; };
		int leftover_count() const { return stacktop - (index - 1); }
		std::size_t size() const { return static_cast<std::size_t>(leftover_count()); }
		int top() const { return stacktop; }
	};

	namespace stack {
		template <>
		struct getter<variadic_args> {
			static variadic_args get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.last = 0;
				return variadic_args(L, index);
			}
		};

		template <>
		struct pusher<variadic_args> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, const variadic_args& ref) {
				return ref.push(L);
			}
		};
	} // stack
} // sol

// end of sol/variadic_args.hpp

namespace sol {

	template <typename R = reference, bool should_pop = !std::is_base_of<stack_reference, R>::value, typename T>
	R make_reference(lua_State* L, T&& value) {
		int backpedal = stack::push(L, std::forward<T>(value));
		R r = stack::get<R>(L, -backpedal);
		if (should_pop) {
			lua_pop(L, backpedal);
		}
		return r;
	}

	template <typename T, typename R = reference, bool should_pop = !std::is_base_of<stack_reference, R>::value, typename... Args>
	R make_reference(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
		int backpedal = stack::push<T>(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		R r = stack::get<R>(L, -backpedal);
		if (should_pop) {
			lua_pop(L, backpedal);
		}
		return r;
	}

	template <typename base_type>
	class basic_object : public basic_object_base<base_type> {
	private:
		typedef basic_object_base<base_type> base_t;

		template <bool invert_and_pop = false>
		basic_object(std::integral_constant<bool, invert_and_pop>, lua_State* L, int index = -1) noexcept : base_t(L, index) {
			if (invert_and_pop) {
				lua_pop(L, -index);
			}
		}

	public:
		basic_object() noexcept = default;
		template <typename T, meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_object>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<base_type, stack_reference>>, std::is_base_of<base_type, meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
		basic_object(T&& r) : base_t(std::forward<T>(r)) {}
		basic_object(lua_nil_t r) : base_t(r) {}
		basic_object(const basic_object&) = default;
		basic_object(basic_object&&) = default;
		basic_object(const stack_reference& r) noexcept : basic_object(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {}
		basic_object(stack_reference&& r) noexcept : basic_object(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {}
		template <typename Super>
		basic_object(const proxy_base<Super>& r) noexcept : basic_object(r.operator basic_object()) {}
		template <typename Super>
		basic_object(proxy_base<Super>&& r) noexcept : basic_object(r.operator basic_object()) {}
		basic_object(lua_State* L, int index = -1) noexcept : base_t(L, index) {}
		basic_object(lua_State* L, absolute_index index) noexcept : base_t(L, index) {}
		basic_object(lua_State* L, raw_index index) noexcept : base_t(L, index) {}
		basic_object(lua_State* L, ref_index index) noexcept : base_t(L, index) {}
		template <typename T, typename... Args>
		basic_object(lua_State* L, in_place_type_t<T>, Args&&... args) noexcept 
		: basic_object(std::integral_constant<bool, !std::is_base_of<stack_reference, base_t>::value>(), L, -stack::push<T>(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {}
		template <typename T, typename... Args>
		basic_object(lua_State* L, in_place_t, T&& arg, Args&&... args) noexcept 
		: basic_object(L, in_place_type<T>, std::forward<T>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
		basic_object& operator=(const basic_object&) = default;
		basic_object& operator=(basic_object&&) = default;
		basic_object& operator=(const base_type& b) { base_t::operator=(b); return *this; }
		basic_object& operator=(base_type&& b) { base_t::operator=(std::move(b)); return *this; }
		template <typename Super>
		basic_object& operator=(const proxy_base<Super>& r) { this->operator=(r.operator basic_object()); return *this; }
		template <typename Super>
		basic_object& operator=(proxy_base<Super>&& r) { this->operator=(r.operator basic_object()); return *this; }
	};

	template <typename T>
	object make_object(lua_State* L, T&& value) {
		return make_reference<object, true>(L, std::forward<T>(value));
	}

	template <typename T, typename... Args>
	object make_object(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
		return make_reference<T, object, true>(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
	}
} // sol

// end of sol/object.hpp

// beginning of sol/container_usertype_metatable.hpp

// beginning of sol/container_traits.hpp

#include <unordered_map>

namespace sol {

	template <typename T>
	struct container_traits;

	template <typename T>
	struct as_container_t {
		T source;

		as_container_t(T value) : source(std::move(value)) {}

        operator std::add_rvalue_reference_t<T>() {
			return std::move(source);
		}

        operator std::add_lvalue_reference_t<std::add_const_t<T>>() const {
			return source;
		}
	};

	template <typename T>
	struct as_container_t<T&> {
		std::reference_wrapper<T> source;

		as_container_t(T& value) : source(value) {}

		operator T&() {
			return source;
		}
	};

	template <typename T>
	auto as_container(T&& value) {
		return as_container_t<T>(std::forward<T>(value));
	}

	namespace container_detail {

		template <typename T>
		struct has_clear_test {
		private:
			typedef std::array<char, 1> one;
			typedef std::array<char, 2> two;

			template <typename C> static one test(decltype(&C::clear));
			template <typename C> static two test(...);

		public:
			static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct has_empty_test {
		private:
			typedef std::array<char, 1> one;
			typedef std::array<char, 2> two;

			template <typename C> static one test(decltype(&C::empty));
			template <typename C> static two test(...);

		public:
			static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct has_erase_after_test {
		private:
			typedef std::array<char, 1> one;
			typedef std::array<char, 2> two;

			template <typename C> static one test(decltype(std::declval<C>().erase_after(std::declval<std::add_rvalue_reference_t<typename C::const_iterator>>()))*);
			template <typename C> static two test(...);

		public:
			static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
		};

		template <typename T, typename = void>
		struct has_find_test {
		private:
			typedef std::array<char, 1> one;
			typedef std::array<char, 2> two;

			template <typename C> static one test(decltype(std::declval<C>().find(std::declval<std::add_rvalue_reference_t<typename C::value_type>>()))*);
			template <typename C> static two test(...);

		public:
			static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct has_find_test<T, std::enable_if_t<meta::is_lookup<T>::value>> {
		private:
			typedef std::array<char, 1> one;
			typedef std::array<char, 2> two;

			template <typename C> static one test(decltype(std::declval<C>().find(std::declval<std::add_rvalue_reference_t<typename C::key_type>>()))*);
			template <typename C> static two test(...);

		public:
			static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct has_erase_test {
		private:
			typedef std::array<char, 1> one;
			typedef std::array<char, 2> two;

			template <typename C> static one test(decltype(std::declval<C>().erase(std::declval<typename C::iterator>()))*);
			template <typename C> static two test(...);

		public:
			static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct has_traits_find_test {
		private:
			typedef std::array<char, 1> one;
			typedef std::array<char, 2> two;

			template <typename C> static one test(decltype(&C::find));
			template <typename C> static two test(...);

		public:
			static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct has_traits_insert_test {
		private:
			typedef std::array<char, 1> one;
			typedef std::array<char, 2> two;

			template <typename C> static one test(decltype(&C::insert));
			template <typename C> static two test(...);

		public:
			static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct has_traits_erase_test {
		private:
			typedef std::array<char, 1> one;
			typedef std::array<char, 2> two;

			template <typename C> static one test(decltype(&C::erase));
			template <typename C> static two test(...);

		public:
			static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct has_traits_index_set_test {
		private:
			typedef std::array<char, 1> one;
			typedef std::array<char, 2> two;

			template <typename C> static one test(decltype(&C::index_set));
			template <typename C> static two test(...);

		public:
			static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct has_traits_index_get_test {
		private:
			typedef std::array<char, 1> one;
			typedef std::array<char, 2> two;

			template <typename C> static one test(decltype(&C::index_get));
			template <typename C> static two test(...);

		public:
			static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct has_traits_set_test {
		private:
			typedef std::array<char, 1> one;
			typedef std::array<char, 2> two;

			template <typename C> static one test(decltype(&C::set));
			template <typename C> static two test(...);

		public:
			static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct has_traits_get_test {
		private:
			typedef std::array<char, 1> one;
			typedef std::array<char, 2> two;

			template <typename C> static one test(decltype(&C::get));
			template <typename C> static two test(...);

		public:
			static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct has_traits_pairs_test {
		private:
			typedef std::array<char, 1> one;
			typedef std::array<char, 2> two;

			template <typename C> static one test(decltype(&C::pairs));
			template <typename C> static two test(...);

		public:
			static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct has_traits_add_test {
		private:
			typedef std::array<char, 1> one;
			typedef std::array<char, 2> two;

			template <typename C> static one test(decltype(&C::add));
			template <typename C> static two test(...);

		public:
			static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
		};

		template <typename T>
		using has_clear = meta::boolean<has_clear_test<T>::value>;

		template <typename T>
		using has_empty = meta::boolean<has_empty_test<T>::value>;

		template <typename T>
		using has_find = meta::boolean<has_find_test<T>::value>;

		template <typename T>
		using has_erase = meta::boolean<has_erase_test<T>::value>;

		template <typename T>
		using has_erase_after = meta::boolean<has_erase_after_test<T>::value>;

		template <typename T>
		using has_traits_get = meta::boolean<has_traits_get_test<T>::value>;

		template <typename T>
		using has_traits_set = meta::boolean<has_traits_set_test<T>::value>;

		template <typename T>
		using has_traits_index_get = meta::boolean<has_traits_index_get_test<T>::value>;

		template <typename T>
		using has_traits_index_set = meta::boolean<has_traits_index_set_test<T>::value>;

		template <typename T>
		using has_traits_pairs = meta::boolean<has_traits_pairs_test<T>::value>;

		template <typename T>
		using has_traits_add = meta::boolean<has_traits_add_test<T>::value>;

		template <typename T>
		using has_traits_size = meta::has_size<T>;

		template <typename T>
		using has_traits_clear = has_clear<T>;

		template <typename T>
		using has_traits_empty = has_empty<T>;

		template <typename T>
		using has_traits_find = meta::boolean<has_traits_find_test<T>::value>;

		template <typename T>
		using has_traits_insert = meta::boolean<has_traits_insert_test<T>::value>;

		template <typename T>
		using has_traits_insert = meta::boolean<has_traits_insert_test<T>::value>;

		template <typename T>
		using has_traits_erase = meta::boolean<has_traits_erase_test<T>::value>;

		template <typename T>
		struct is_forced_container : is_container<T> {};

		template <typename T>
		struct is_forced_container<as_container_t<T>> : std::true_type {};

		template <typename T>
		struct container_decay {
			typedef T type;
		};

		template <typename T>
		struct container_decay<as_container_t<T>> {
			typedef T type;
		};

		template <typename T>
		using container_decay_t = typename container_decay<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::type;

		template <typename T>
		decltype(auto) get_key(std::false_type, T&& t) {
			return std::forward<T>(t);
		}

		template <typename T>
		decltype(auto) get_key(std::true_type, T&& t) {
			return t.first;
		}

		template <typename T>
		decltype(auto) get_value(std::false_type, T&& t) {
			return std::forward<T>(t);
		}

		template <typename T>
		decltype(auto) get_value(std::true_type, T&& t) {
			return t.second;
		}

		template <typename X, typename = void>
		struct container_traits_default {
		private:
			typedef std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<X>> T;
		public:
			typedef lua_nil_t iterator;
			typedef lua_nil_t value_type;

			static int get(lua_State* L) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call 'get(key)' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
			}

			static int index_get(lua_State* L) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call 'container[key]' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
			}

			static int set(lua_State* L) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call 'set(key, value)' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
			}

			static int index_set(lua_State* L) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call 'container[key] = value' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
			}

			static int add(lua_State* L) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call 'add' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
			}

			static int insert(lua_State* L) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call 'insert' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
			}

			static int find(lua_State* L) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call 'find' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
			}

			static int size(lua_State* L) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call 'end' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
			}

			static int clear(lua_State* L) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call 'clear' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
			}

			static int empty(lua_State* L) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call 'empty' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
			}

			static int erase(lua_State* L) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call 'erase' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
			}

			static int pairs(lua_State* L) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call '__pairs' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
			}

			static iterator begin(lua_State* L, T&) {
				luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call 'being' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
				return lua_nil;
			}

			static iterator end(lua_State* L, T&) {
				luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call 'end' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
				return lua_nil;
			}
		};

		template <typename X>
		struct container_traits_default<X, std::enable_if_t<
			meta::all<
				is_forced_container<meta::unqualified_t<X>>
				, meta::has_value_type<meta::unqualified_t<container_decay_t<X>>>
				, meta::has_iterator<meta::unqualified_t<container_decay_t<X>>>
			>::value
		>> {
		private:
			typedef std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<container_decay_t<X>>> T;
		private:
			typedef container_traits<X> deferred_traits;
			typedef meta::is_associative<T> is_associative;
			typedef meta::is_lookup<T> is_lookup;
			typedef typename T::iterator iterator;
			typedef typename T::value_type value_type;
			typedef std::conditional_t<is_associative::value, 
				value_type, 
				std::conditional_t<is_lookup::value, std::pair<value_type, value_type>, std::pair<std::ptrdiff_t, value_type>>
			> KV;
			typedef typename KV::first_type K;
			typedef typename KV::second_type V;
			typedef decltype(*std::declval<iterator&>()) iterator_return;
			typedef typename meta::iterator_tag<iterator>::type iterator_category;
			typedef std::is_same<iterator_category, std::input_iterator_tag> is_input_iterator;
			typedef std::conditional_t<is_input_iterator::value, 
				V,
				decltype(detail::deref(std::declval<std::conditional_t<is_associative::value, std::add_lvalue_reference_t<V>, iterator_return>>()))
			> push_type;
			typedef std::is_copy_assignable<V> is_copyable;
			typedef meta::neg<meta::any<
				std::is_const<V>
				, std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<iterator_return>>
				, meta::neg<is_copyable>
			>> is_writable;
			typedef meta::unqualified_t<decltype(get_key(is_associative(), std::declval<std::add_lvalue_reference_t<value_type>>()))> key_type;
			typedef meta::all<std::is_integral<K>, meta::neg<meta::any<is_associative, is_lookup>>> is_linear_integral;

			struct iter {
				T& source;
				iterator it;

				iter(T& source, iterator it) : source(source), it(std::move(it)) {}
			};

			static auto& get_src(lua_State* L) {
				typedef std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<X>> Tu;
#ifdef SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE
				auto p = stack::check_get<Tu*>(L, 1);
				if (!p) {
					luaL_error(L, "sol: 'self' is not of type '%s' (pass 'self' as first argument with ':' or call on proper type)", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
				}
				if (p.value() == nullptr) {
					luaL_error(L, "sol: 'self' argument is nil (pass 'self' as first argument with ':' or call on a '%s' type)", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
				}
				return *p.value();
#else
				return stack::get<Tu>(L, 1);
#endif // Safe getting with error
			}

			static int get_associative(std::true_type, lua_State* L, iterator& it) {
				auto& v = *it;
				return stack::stack_detail::push_reference<push_type>(L, detail::deref(v.second));
			}

			static int get_associative(std::false_type, lua_State* L, iterator& it) {
				return stack::stack_detail::push_reference<push_type>(L, detail::deref(*it));
			}

			static int get_category(std::input_iterator_tag, lua_State* L, T& self, K& key) {
				if (key < 1) {
					return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
				}
				auto it = begin(L, self);
				auto e = end(L, self);
				if (it == e) {
					return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
				}
				while (key > 1) {
					--key;
					++it;
					if (it == e) {
						return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
					}
				}
				return get_associative(is_associative(), L, it);
			}

			static int get_category(std::random_access_iterator_tag, lua_State* L, T& self, K& key) {
				std::ptrdiff_t len = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size_start(L, self));
				if (key < 1 || key > len) {
					return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
				}
				--key;
				auto it = std::next(begin(L, self), key);
				return get_associative(is_associative(), L, it);
			}

			static int get_it(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T& self, K& key) {
				return get_category(iterator_category(), L, self, key);
			}

			static int get_comparative(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T& self, K& key) {
				auto fx = [&](const value_type& r) -> bool {
					return key == get_key(is_associative(), r);
				};
				auto e = end(L, self);
				auto it = std::find_if(begin(L, self), e, std::ref(fx));
				if (it == e) {
					return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
				}
				return get_associative(is_associative(), L, it);
			}

			static int get_comparative(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T&, K&) {
				return luaL_error(L, "cannot get this key on '%s': no suitable way to increment iterator and compare to key value '%s'", detail::demangle<T>().data(), detail::demangle<K>().data());
			}

			static int get_it(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T& self, K& key) {
				return get_comparative(meta::supports_op_equal<K, key_type>(), L, self, key);
			}

			static void set_associative(std::true_type, iterator& it, stack_object value) {
				auto& v = *it;
				v.second = value.as<V>();
			}

			static void set_associative(std::false_type, iterator& it, stack_object value) {
				auto& v = *it;
				v = value.as<V>();
			}

			static void set_writable(std::true_type, lua_State*, T&, iterator& it, stack_object value) {
				set_associative(is_associative(), it, std::move(value));
			}

			static void set_writable(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T&, iterator&, stack_object) {
				luaL_error(L, "cannot perform a 'set': '%s's iterator reference is not writable (non-copy-assignable or const)", detail::demangle<T>().data());
			}

			static void set_category(std::input_iterator_tag, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object okey, stack_object value) {
				decltype(auto) key = okey.as<K>();
				auto e = end(L, self);
				auto it = begin(L, self);
				auto backit = it;
				for (; key > 1 && it != e; --key, ++it) {
					backit = it;
				}
				if (it == e) {
					if (key == 1) {
						add_copyable(is_copyable(), L, self, std::move(value), meta::has_insert_after<T>::value ? backit : it);
						return;
					}
					luaL_error(L, "out of bounds (too big) for set on '%s'", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
					return;
				}
				set_writable(is_writable(), L, self, it, std::move(value));
			}

			static void set_category(std::random_access_iterator_tag, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object okey, stack_object value) {
				decltype(auto) key = okey.as<K>();
				if (key < 1) {
					luaL_error(L, "sol: out of bounds (too small) for set on '%s'", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
					return;
				}
				--key;
				std::ptrdiff_t len = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size_start(L, self));
				if (key == len) {
					add_copyable(is_copyable(), L, self, std::move(value));
					return;
				}
				else if (key > len) {
					luaL_error(L, "sol: out of bounds (too big) for set on '%s'", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
					return;
				}
				auto it = std::next(begin(L, self), key);
				set_writable(is_writable(), L, self, it, std::move(value));
			}

			static void set_comparative(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object okey, stack_object value) {
				decltype(auto) key = okey.as<K>();
				if (!is_writable::value) {
					luaL_error(L, "cannot perform a 'set': '%s's iterator reference is not writable (non-copy-assignable or const)", detail::demangle<T>().data());;
					return;
				}
				auto fx = [&](const value_type& r) -> bool {
					return key == get_key(is_associative(), r);
				};
				auto e = end(L, self);
				auto it = std::find_if(begin(L, self), e, std::ref(fx));
				if (it == e) {
					return;
				}
				set_writable(is_writable(), L, self, it, std::move(value));
			}

			static void set_comparative(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T&, stack_object, stack_object) {
				luaL_error(L, "cannot set this value on '%s': no suitable way to increment iterator or compare to '%s' key", detail::demangle<T>().data(), detail::demangle<K>().data());
			}

			static void set_associative_insert(std::true_type, lua_State*, T& self, iterator& it, K& key, stack_object value) {
				self.insert(it, value_type(key, value.as<V>()));
			}

			static void set_associative_insert(std::false_type, lua_State*, T& self, iterator& it, K& key, stack_object) {
				self.insert(it, key);
			}

			static void set_associative_find(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object okey, stack_object value) {
				decltype(auto) key = okey.as<K>();
				auto it = self.find(key);
				if (it == end(L, self)) {
					set_associative_insert(is_associative(), L, self, it, key, std::move(value));
					return;
				}
				set_writable(is_writable(), L, self, it, std::move(value));
			}

			static void set_associative_find(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object key, stack_object value) {
				set_comparative(meta::supports_op_equal<K, key_type>(), L, self, std::move(key), std::move(value));
			}

			static void set_it(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object key, stack_object value) {
				set_category(iterator_category(), L, self, std::move(key), std::move(value));
			}

			static void set_it(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object key, stack_object value) {
				set_associative_find(meta::all<has_find<T>, meta::any<is_associative, is_lookup>>(), L, self, std::move(key), std::move(value));
			}

			static int find_has_associative_lookup(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T& self) {
				decltype(auto) key = stack::get<K>(L, 2);
				auto it = self.find(key);
				if (it == end(L, self)) {
					return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
				}
				return get_associative(is_associative(), L, it);
			}

			static int find_has_associative_lookup(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T& self) {
				decltype(auto) value = stack::get<V>(L, 2);
				auto it = self.find(value);
				if (it == end(L, self)) {
					return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
				}
				return get_associative(is_associative(), L, it);
			}

			static int find_has(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T& self) {
				return find_has_associative_lookup(meta::any<is_lookup, is_associative>(), L, self);
			}

			static int find_associative_lookup(std::true_type, lua_State* L, iterator& it, std::size_t) {
				return get_associative(is_associative(), L, it);
			}

			static int find_associative_lookup(std::false_type, lua_State* L, iterator&, std::size_t index) {
				return stack::push(L, index);
			}

			static int find_comparative(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T& ) {
				return luaL_error(L, "cannot call 'find' on '%s': there is no 'find' function and the value_type is not equality comparable", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
			}

			static int find_comparative(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T& self) {
				decltype(auto) value = stack::get<V>(L, 2);
				auto it = begin(L, self);
				auto e = end(L, self);
				std::size_t index = 1;
				for (;; ++it, ++index) {
					if (it == e) {
						return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
					}
					if (value == get_value(is_associative(), *it)) {
						break;
					}
				}
				return find_associative_lookup(meta::any<is_lookup, is_associative>(), L, it, index);
			}

			static int find_has(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T& self) {
				return find_comparative(meta::supports_op_equal<V>(), L, self);
			}

			static void add_insert_after(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object value, iterator&) {
				add_insert_after(std::false_type(), L, self, value);
			}

			static void add_insert_after(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T&, stack_object) {
				luaL_error(L, "cannot call 'add' on type '%s': no suitable insert/push_back C++ functions", sol::detail::demangle<T>().data());
			}

			static void add_insert_after(std::true_type, lua_State*, T& self, stack_object value, iterator& at) {
				self.insert_after(at, value.as<V>());
			}

			static void add_insert_after(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object value) {
				auto backit = self.before_begin();
				{
					auto e = end(L, self);
					for (auto it = begin(L, self); it != e; ++backit, ++it) {}
				}
				return add_insert_after(std::true_type(), L, self, value, backit);
			}

			static void add_insert(std::true_type, lua_State*, T& self, stack_object value, iterator& at) {
				self.insert(at, value.as<V>());
			}

			static void add_insert(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object value) {
				auto at = end(L, self);
				add_insert(std::true_type(), L, self, value, at);
			}

			static void add_insert(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object value, iterator& at) {
				return add_insert_after(meta::has_insert_after<T>(), L, self, std::move(value), at);
			}

			static void add_insert(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object value) {
				return add_insert_after(meta::has_insert_after<T>(), L, self, std::move(value));
			}

			static void add_push_back(std::true_type, lua_State*, T& self, stack_object value, iterator&) {
				self.push_back(value.as<V>());
			}

			static void add_push_back(std::true_type, lua_State*, T& self, stack_object value) {
				self.push_back(value.as<V>());
			}

			static void add_push_back(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object value, iterator& at) {
				add_insert(meta::has_insert<T>(), L, self, value, at);
			}

			static void add_push_back(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object value) {
				add_insert(meta::has_insert<T>(), L, self, value);
			}

			static void add_associative(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object key, iterator& at) {
				self.insert(at, value_type(key.as<K>(), stack::get<V>(L, 3)));
			}

			static void add_associative(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object key) {
				auto at = end(L, self);
				add_associative(std::true_type(), L, self, std::move(key), at);
			}

			static void add_associative(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object value, iterator& at) {
				add_push_back(meta::has_push_back<T>(), L, self, value, at);
			}

			static void add_associative(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object value) {
				add_push_back(meta::has_push_back<T>(), L, self, value);
			}

			static void add_copyable(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object value, iterator& at) {
				add_associative(is_associative(), L, self, std::move(value), at);
			}

			static void add_copyable(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object value) {
				add_associative(is_associative(), L, self, value);
			}

			static void add_copyable(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object value, iterator&) {
				add_copyable(std::false_type(), L, self, std::move(value));
			}

			static void add_copyable(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T&, stack_object) {
				luaL_error(L, "cannot call 'add' on '%s': value_type is non-copyable", detail::demangle<T>().data());
			}

			static void insert_lookup(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object, stack_object value) {
				// TODO: should we warn or error about someone calling insert on an ordered / lookup container with no associativity?
				add_copyable(std::true_type(), L, self, std::move(value));
			}

			static void insert_lookup(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object where, stack_object value) {
				auto it = begin(L, self);
				auto key = where.as<K>();
				--key;
				std::advance(it, key);
				self.insert(it, value.as<V>());
			}

			static void insert_after_has(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object where, stack_object value) {
				auto key = where.as<K>();
				auto backit = self.before_begin();
				{
					--key;
					auto e = end(L, self);
					for (auto it = begin(L, self); key > 0; ++backit, ++it, --key) {
						if (backit == e) {
							luaL_error(L, "sol: out of bounds (too big) for set on '%s'", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
							return;
						}
					}
				}
				self.insert_after(backit, value.as<V>());
			}

			static void insert_after_has(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T&, stack_object, stack_object) {
				luaL_error(L, "cannot call 'insert' on '%s': no suitable or similar functionality detected on this container", detail::demangle<T>().data());
			}

			static void insert_has(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object key, stack_object value) {
				insert_lookup(meta::all<is_associative, is_lookup>(), L, self, std::move(key), std::move(value));
			}

			static void insert_has(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object where, stack_object value) {
				insert_after_has(meta::has_insert_after<T>(), L, self, where, value);
			}

			static void insert_copyable(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object key, stack_object value) {
				insert_has(meta::has_insert<T>(), L, self, std::move(key), std::move(value));
			}

			static void insert_copyable(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T&, stack_object, stack_object) {
				luaL_error(L, "cannot call 'insert' on '%s': value_type is non-copyable", detail::demangle<T>().data());
			}

			static void erase_integral(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T& self, K& key) {
				auto it = begin(L, self);
				--key;
				std::advance(it, key);
				self.erase(it);
			}

			static void erase_integral(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T& self, const K& key) {
				auto fx = [&](const value_type& r) -> bool {
					return key == r;
				};
				auto e = end(L, self);
				auto it = std::find_if(begin(L, self), e, std::ref(fx));
				if (it == e) {
					return;
				}
				self.erase(it);
			}

			static void erase_associative_lookup(std::true_type, lua_State*, T& self, const K& key) {
				self.erase(key);
			}

			static void erase_associative_lookup(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T& self, K& key) {
				erase_integral(std::is_integral<K>(), L, self, key);
			}

			static void erase_after_has(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T& self, K& key) {
				auto backit = self.before_begin();
				{
					--key;
					auto e = end(L, self);
					for (auto it = begin(L, self); key > 0; ++backit, ++it, --key) {
						if (backit == e) {
							luaL_error(L, "sol: out of bounds for erase on '%s'", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
							return;
						}
					}
				}
				self.erase_after(backit);
			}

			static void erase_after_has(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T&, const K&) {
				luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call erase on '%s'", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
			}

			static void erase_has(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T& self, K& key) {
				erase_associative_lookup(meta::any<is_associative, is_lookup>(), L, self, key);
			}

			static void erase_has(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T& self, K& key) {
				erase_after_has(has_erase_after<T>(), L, self, key);
			}

			static auto size_has(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T& self) {
				return std::distance(deferred_traits::begin(L, self), deferred_traits::end(L, self));
			}

			static auto size_has(std::true_type, lua_State*, T& self) {
				return self.size();
			}

			static void clear_has(std::true_type, lua_State*, T& self) {
				self.clear();
			}

			static void clear_has(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T&) {
				luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call clear on '%s'", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
			}

			static bool empty_has(std::true_type, lua_State*, T& self) {
				return self.empty();
			}

			static bool empty_has(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T& self) {
				return deferred_traits::begin(L, self) == deferred_traits::end(L, self);
			}

			static int get_start(lua_State* L, T& self, K& key) {
				return get_it(is_linear_integral(), L, self, key);
			}

			static void set_start(lua_State* L, T& self, stack_object key, stack_object value) {
				set_it(is_linear_integral(), L, self, std::move(key), std::move(value));
			}

			static std::size_t size_start(lua_State* L, T& self) {
				return size_has(meta::has_size<T>(), L, self);
			}

			static void clear_start(lua_State* L, T& self) {
				clear_has(has_clear<T>(), L, self);
			}

			static bool empty_start(lua_State* L, T& self) {
				return empty_has(has_empty<T>(), L, self);
			}

			static void erase_start(lua_State* L, T& self, K& key) {
				erase_has(has_erase<T>(), L, self, key);
			}

			static int next_associative(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
				iter& i = stack::get<user<iter>>(L, 1);
				auto& source = i.source;
				auto& it = i.it;
				if (it == deferred_traits::end(L, source)) {
					return 0;
				}
				int p;
				p = stack::push_reference(L, it->first);
				p += stack::stack_detail::push_reference<push_type>(L, detail::deref(it->second));
				std::advance(it, 1);
				return p;
			}

			static int pairs_associative(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
				auto& src = get_src(L);
				stack::push(L, next);
				stack::push<user<iter>>(L, src, deferred_traits::begin(L, src));
				stack::push(L, sol::lua_nil);
				return 3;
			}

			static int next_associative(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
				iter& i = stack::get<user<iter>>(L, 1);
				auto& source = i.source;
				auto& it = i.it;
				K k = stack::get<K>(L, 2);
				if (it == deferred_traits::end(L, source)) {
					return 0;
				}
				int p;
				p = stack::push_reference(L, k + 1);
				p += stack::stack_detail::push_reference<push_type>(L, detail::deref(*it));
				std::advance(it, 1);
				return p;
			}

			static int pairs_associative(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
				auto& src = get_src(L);
				stack::push(L, next);
				stack::push<user<iter>>(L, src, deferred_traits::begin(L, src));
				stack::push(L, 0);
				return 3;
			}

			static int next(lua_State* L) {
				return next_associative(is_associative(), L);
			}

		public:
			static int get(lua_State* L) {
				auto& self = get_src(L);
				decltype(auto) key = stack::get<K>(L);
				return get_start(L, self, key);
			}

			static int index_get(lua_State* L) {
				return get(L);
			}

			static int set(lua_State* L) {
				stack_object value = stack_object(L, raw_index(3));
				if (type_of(L, 3) == type::nil) {
					return erase(L);
				}
				auto& self = get_src(L);
				set_start(L, self, stack_object(L, raw_index(2)), std::move(value));
				return 0;
			}

			static int index_set(lua_State* L) {
				return set(L);
			}

			static int add(lua_State* L) {
				auto& self = get_src(L);
				add_copyable(is_copyable(), L, self, stack_object(L, raw_index(2)));
				return 0;
			}

			static int insert(lua_State* L) {
				auto& self = get_src(L);
				insert_copyable(is_copyable(), L, self, stack_object(L, raw_index(2)), stack_object(L, raw_index(3)));
				return 0;
			}

			static int find(lua_State* L) {
				auto& self = get_src(L);
				return find_has(has_find<T>(), L, self);
			}

			static iterator begin(lua_State*, T& self) {
				using std::begin;
				return begin(self);
			}

			static iterator end(lua_State*, T& self) {
				using std::end;
				return end(self);
			}

			static int size(lua_State* L) {
				auto& self = get_src(L);
				std::size_t r = size_start(L, self);
				return stack::push(L, r);
			}

			static int clear(lua_State* L) {
				auto& self = get_src(L);
				clear_start(L, self);
				return 0;
			}

			static int erase(lua_State* L) {
				auto& self = get_src(L);
				decltype(auto) key = stack::get<K>(L, 2);
				erase_start(L, self, key);
				return 0;
			}

			static int empty(lua_State* L) {
				auto& self = get_src(L);
				return stack::push(L, empty_start(L, self));
			}

			static int pairs(lua_State* L) {
				return pairs_associative(is_associative(), L);
			}
		};

		template <typename X>
		struct container_traits_default<X, std::enable_if_t<std::is_array<std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<X>>>::value>> {
		private:
			typedef std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<X>> T;
			typedef container_traits<X> deferred_traits;
		public:
			typedef std::remove_extent_t<T> value_type;
			typedef value_type* iterator;

		private:
			struct iter {
				T& source;
				iterator it;

				iter(T& source, iterator it) : source(source), it(std::move(it)) {}
			};

			static auto& get_src(lua_State* L) {
				auto p = stack::check_get<T*>(L, 1);
#ifdef SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE
				if (!p || p.value() == nullptr) {
					luaL_error(L, "sol: 'self' argument is nil or not of type '%s' (pass 'self' as first argument with ':' or call on proper type)", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
				}
#endif // Safe getting with error
				return *p.value();
			}

			static int find(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
				T& self = get_src(L);
				decltype(auto) value = stack::get<value_type>(L, 2);
				std::size_t N = std::extent<T>::value;
				for (std::size_t idx = 0; idx < N; ++idx) {
					const auto& v = self[idx];
					if (v == value) {
						return stack::push(L, idx + 1);
					}
				}
				return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
			}

			static int find(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call 'find' on '%s': no supported comparison operator for the value type", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
			}

			static int next(lua_State* L) {
				iter& i = stack::get<user<iter>>(L, 1);
				auto& source = i.source;
				auto& it = i.it;
				std::size_t k = stack::get<std::size_t>(L, 2);
				if (it == deferred_traits::end(L, source)) {
					return 0;
				}
				int p;
				p = stack::push_reference(L, k + 1);
				p += stack::push_reference(L, detail::deref(*it));
				std::advance(it, 1);
				return p;
			}

		public:
			static int clear(lua_State* L) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call 'clear' on type '%s': cannot remove all items from a fixed array", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
			}

			static int erase(lua_State* L) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call 'erase' on type '%s': cannot remove an item from fixed arrays", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
			}
			
			static int add(lua_State* L) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call 'add' on type '%s': cannot add to fixed arrays", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
			}

			static int insert(lua_State* L) {
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call 'insert' on type '%s': cannot insert new entries into fixed arrays", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
			}

			static int get(lua_State* L) {
				T& self = get_src(L);
				std::ptrdiff_t idx = stack::get<std::ptrdiff_t>(L, 2);
				if (idx > static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(std::extent<T>::value) || idx < 1) {
					return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
				}
				--idx;
				return stack::push_reference(L, detail::deref(self[idx]));
			}

			static int index_get(lua_State* L) {
				return get(L);
			}

			static int set(lua_State* L) {
				T& self = get_src(L);
				std::ptrdiff_t idx = stack::get<std::ptrdiff_t>(L, 2);
				if (idx > static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(std::extent<T>::value)) {
					return luaL_error(L, "sol: index out of bounds (too big) for set on '%s'", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
				}
				if (idx < 1) {
					return luaL_error(L, "sol: index out of bounds (too small) for set on '%s'", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
				}
				--idx;
				self[idx] = stack::get<value_type>(L, 3);
				return 0;
			}

			static int index_set(lua_State* L) {
				return set(L);
			}

			static int find(lua_State* L) {
				return find(meta::supports_op_equal<value_type, value_type>(), L);
			}

			static int size(lua_State* L) {
				return stack::push(L, std::extent<T>::value);
			}

			static int empty(lua_State* L) {
				return stack::push(L, std::extent<T>::value > 0);
			}

			static int pairs(lua_State* L) {
				auto& src = get_src(L);
				stack::push(L, next);
				stack::push<user<iter>>(L, src, deferred_traits::begin(L, src));
				stack::push(L, 0);
				return 3;
			}

			static iterator begin(lua_State*, T& self) {
				return std::addressof(self[0]);
			}

			static iterator end(lua_State*, T& self) {
				return std::addressof(self[0]) + std::extent<T>::value;
			}
		};

		template <typename X>
		struct container_traits_default<container_traits<X>> : container_traits_default<X> {};
	} // container_detail

	template <typename T>
	struct container_traits : container_detail::container_traits_default<T> {};

} // sol

// end of sol/container_traits.hpp

namespace sol {
	
	template <typename X>
	struct container_usertype_metatable {
		typedef std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unqualified_t<X>> T;
		typedef container_traits<T> traits;
		typedef container_detail::container_traits_default<T> default_traits;

		static int real_index_get_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
			return traits::index_get(L);
		}

		static int real_index_get_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
			return default_traits::index_get(L);
		}

		static int real_index_call(lua_State* L) {
			static std::unordered_map<std::string, lua_CFunction> calls{
				{ "get", &real_get_call },
				{ "set", &real_set_call },
				{ "size", &real_length_call },
				{ "add", &real_add_call },
				{ "empty", &real_empty_call },
				{ "insert", &real_insert_call },
				{ "clear", &real_clear_call },
				{ "find", &real_find_call },
				{ "erase", &real_erase_call }
			};
			auto maybename = stack::check_get<std::string>(L, 2);
			if (maybename) {
				const std::string& name = *maybename;
				auto it = calls.find(name);
				if (it != calls.cend()) {
					return stack::push(L, it->second);
				}
			}			
			return real_index_get_traits(container_detail::has_traits_index_get<traits>(), L);
		}

		static int real_get_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
			return traits::get(L);
		}

		static int real_get_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
			return default_traits::get(L);
		}

		static int real_get_call(lua_State* L) {
			return real_get_traits(container_detail::has_traits_get<traits>(), L);
		}

		static int real_set_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
			return traits::set(L);
		}

		static int real_set_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
			return default_traits::set(L);
		}

		static int real_set_call(lua_State* L) {
			return real_set_traits(container_detail::has_traits_set<traits>(), L);
		}
		
		static int real_index_set_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
			return traits::index_set(L);
		}

		static int real_index_set_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
			return default_traits::index_set(L);
		}

		static int real_new_index_call(lua_State* L) {
			return real_index_set_traits(container_detail::has_traits_index_set<traits>(), L);
		}

		static int real_pairs_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
			return traits::pairs(L);
		}

		static int real_pairs_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
			return default_traits::pairs(L);
		}

		static int real_pairs_call(lua_State* L) {
			return real_pairs_traits(container_detail::has_traits_pairs<traits>(), L);
		}

		static int real_size_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
			return traits::size(L);
		}

		static int real_size_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
			return default_traits::size(L);
		}

		static int real_length_call(lua_State* L) {
			return real_size_traits(container_detail::has_traits_size<traits>(), L);
		}

		static int real_add_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
			return traits::add(L);
		}

		static int real_add_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
			return default_traits::add(L);
		}

		static int real_add_call(lua_State* L) {
			return real_add_traits(container_detail::has_traits_add<traits>(), L);
		}

		static int real_insert_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
			return traits::insert(L);
		}

		static int real_insert_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
			return default_traits::insert(L);
		}

		static int real_insert_call(lua_State* L) {
			return real_insert_traits(container_detail::has_traits_insert<traits>(), L);
		}

		static int real_clear_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
			return traits::clear(L);
		}

		static int real_clear_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
			return default_traits::clear(L);
		}

		static int real_clear_call(lua_State* L) {
			return real_clear_traits(container_detail::has_traits_clear<traits>(), L);
		}

		static int real_empty_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
			return traits::empty(L);
		}

		static int real_empty_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
			return default_traits::empty(L);
		}

		static int real_empty_call(lua_State* L) {
			return real_empty_traits(container_detail::has_traits_empty<traits>(), L);
		}

		static int real_erase_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
			return traits::erase(L);
		}

		static int real_erase_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
			return default_traits::erase(L);
		}

		static int real_erase_call(lua_State* L) {
			return real_erase_traits(container_detail::has_traits_erase<traits>(), L);
		}

		static int real_find_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
			return traits::find(L);
		}

		static int real_find_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
			return default_traits::find(L);
		}

		static int real_find_call(lua_State* L) {
			return real_find_traits(container_detail::has_traits_find<traits>(), L);
		}

		static int add_call(lua_State*L) {
			return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_add_call), (&real_add_call)>(L);
		}

		static int erase_call(lua_State*L) {
			return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_erase_call), (&real_erase_call)>(L);
		}

		static int insert_call(lua_State*L) {
			return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_insert_call), (&real_insert_call)>(L);
		}

		static int clear_call(lua_State*L) {
			return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_clear_call), (&real_clear_call)>(L);
		}

		static int empty_call(lua_State*L) {
			return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_empty_call), (&real_empty_call)>(L);
		}

		static int find_call(lua_State*L) {
			return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_find_call), (&real_find_call)>(L);
		}

		static int length_call(lua_State*L) {
			return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_length_call), (&real_length_call)>(L);
		}

		static int pairs_call(lua_State*L) {
			return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_pairs_call), (&real_pairs_call)>(L);
		}

		static int get_call(lua_State*L) {
			return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_get_call), (&real_get_call)>(L);
		}

		static int set_call(lua_State*L) {
			return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_set_call), (&real_set_call)>(L);
		}

		static int index_call(lua_State*L) {
			return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_index_call), (&real_index_call)>(L);
		}

		static int new_index_call(lua_State*L) {
			return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_new_index_call), (&real_new_index_call)>(L);
		}
	};

	namespace stack {
		namespace stack_detail {
			template <typename T, bool is_shim = false>
			struct metatable_setup {
				lua_State* L;

				metatable_setup(lua_State* L) : L(L) {}

				void operator()() {
					typedef container_usertype_metatable<std::conditional_t<is_shim, 
						as_container_t<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>, 
						std::remove_pointer_t<T>
					>> meta_cumt;
					static const char* metakey = is_shim ? &usertype_traits<as_container_t<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>>::metatable()[0] : &usertype_traits<T>::metatable()[0];
					static const std::array<luaL_Reg, 16> reg = { {
						{ "__pairs", &meta_cumt::pairs_call },
						{ "__ipairs", &meta_cumt::pairs_call },
						{ "__len", &meta_cumt::length_call },
						{ "__index", &meta_cumt::index_call },
						{ "__newindex", &meta_cumt::new_index_call },
						{ "get", &meta_cumt::get_call },
						{ "set", &meta_cumt::set_call },
						{ "size", &meta_cumt::length_call },
						{ "empty", &meta_cumt::empty_call },
						{ "clear", &meta_cumt::clear_call },
						{ "insert", &meta_cumt::insert_call },
						{ "add", &meta_cumt::add_call },
						{ "find", &meta_cumt::find_call },
						{ "erase", &meta_cumt::erase_call },
						std::is_pointer<T>::value ? luaL_Reg{ nullptr, nullptr } : luaL_Reg{ "__gc", &detail::usertype_alloc_destruct<T> },
						{ nullptr, nullptr }
					} }; 
					
					if (luaL_newmetatable(L, metakey) == 1) {
						luaL_setfuncs(L, reg.data(), 0);
					}
					lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
				}
			};
		}

		template<typename T>
		struct pusher<as_container_t<T>> {
			typedef meta::unqualified_t<T> C;

			static int push_lvalue(std::true_type, lua_State* L, const C& cont) {
				stack_detail::metatable_setup<C*, true> fx(L);
				return pusher<detail::as_pointer_tag<const C>>{}.push_fx(L, fx, detail::ptr(cont));
			}

			static int push_lvalue(std::false_type, lua_State* L, const C& cont) {
				stack_detail::metatable_setup<C, true> fx(L);
				return pusher<detail::as_value_tag<C>>{}.push_fx(L, fx, cont);
			}

			static int push_rvalue(std::true_type, lua_State* L, C&& cont) {
				stack_detail::metatable_setup<C, true> fx(L);
				return pusher<detail::as_value_tag<C>>{}.push_fx(L, fx, std::move(cont));
			}

			static int push_rvalue(std::false_type, lua_State* L, const C& cont) {
				return push_lvalue(std::is_lvalue_reference<T>(), L, cont);
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, const as_container_t<T>& as_cont) {
				return push_lvalue(std::is_lvalue_reference<T>(), L, as_cont.source);
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, as_container_t<T>&& as_cont) {
				return push_rvalue(meta::all<std::is_rvalue_reference<T>, meta::neg<std::is_lvalue_reference<T>>>(), L, std::forward<T>(as_cont.source));
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct pusher<as_container_t<T*>> {
			typedef std::add_pointer_t<meta::unqualified_t<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>> C;

			static int push(lua_State* L, T* cont) {
				stack_detail::metatable_setup<C> fx(L);
				return pusher<detail::as_pointer_tag<T>>{}.push_fx(L, fx, cont);
			}
		};
		
		template<typename T>
		struct pusher<T, std::enable_if_t<meta::all<is_container<meta::unqualified_t<T>>, meta::neg<meta::any<std::is_base_of<reference, meta::unqualified_t<T>>, std::is_base_of<stack_reference, meta::unqualified_t<T>>>>>::value>> {
			typedef meta::unqualified_t<T> C;

			static int push(lua_State* L, const T& cont) {
				stack_detail::metatable_setup<C> fx(L);
				return pusher<detail::as_value_tag<T>>{}.push_fx(L, fx, cont);
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, T&& cont) {
				stack_detail::metatable_setup<C> fx(L);
				return pusher<detail::as_value_tag<T>>{}.push_fx(L, fx, std::move(cont));
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct pusher<T*, std::enable_if_t<meta::all<is_container<meta::unqualified_t<T>>, meta::neg<meta::any<std::is_base_of<reference, meta::unqualified_t<T>>, std::is_base_of<stack_reference, meta::unqualified_t<T>>>>>::value>> {
			typedef std::add_pointer_t<meta::unqualified_t<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>> C;

			static int push(lua_State* L, T* cont) {
				stack_detail::metatable_setup<C> fx(L);
				return pusher<detail::as_pointer_tag<T>>{}.push_fx(L, fx, cont);
			}
		};

		template<typename T, typename C>
		struct checker<as_container_t<T>, type::userdata, C> {
			template <typename Handler>
			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				return stack::check<T>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct getter<as_container_t<T>> {
			static decltype(auto) get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				return stack::get<T>(L, index, tracking);
			}
		};

		template<typename T>
		struct getter<as_container_t<T>*> {
			static decltype(auto) get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				return stack::get<T*>(L, index, tracking);
			}
		};
	} // stack

} // sol

// end of sol/container_usertype_metatable.hpp

// beginning of sol/usertype_core.hpp

#include <sstream>

namespace sol {
	namespace usertype_detail {
		struct no_comp {
			template <typename A, typename B>
			bool operator()(A&&, B&&) const {
				return false;
			}
		};

		template <typename T>
		inline int member_default_to_string(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
			decltype(auto) ts = stack::get<T>(L, 1).to_string();
			return stack::push(L, std::forward<decltype(ts)>(ts));
		}

		template <typename T>
		inline int member_default_to_string(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
			return luaL_error(L, "cannot perform to_string on '%s': no 'to_string' overload in namespace, 'to_string' member function, or operator<<(ostream&, ...) present", detail::demangle<T>().data());
		}
		
		template <typename T>
		inline int adl_default_to_string(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
			using namespace std;
			decltype(auto) ts = to_string(stack::get<T>(L, 1));
			return stack::push(L, std::forward<decltype(ts)>(ts));
		}

		template <typename T>
		inline int adl_default_to_string(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
			return member_default_to_string<T>(meta::supports_to_string_member<T>(), L);
		}

		template <typename T>
		inline int oss_default_to_string(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
			std::ostringstream oss;
			oss << stack::get<T>(L, 1);
			return stack::push(L, oss.str());
		}

		template <typename T>
		inline int oss_default_to_string(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
			return adl_default_to_string<T>(meta::supports_adl_to_string<T>(), L);
		}

		template <typename T>
		inline int default_to_string(lua_State* L) {
			return oss_default_to_string<T>(meta::supports_ostream_op<T>(), L);
		}

		template <typename T, typename Op>
		int comparsion_operator_wrap(lua_State* L) {
			auto maybel = stack::check_get<T>(L, 1);
			if (maybel) {
				auto mayber = stack::check_get<T>(L, 2);
				if (mayber) {
					auto& l = *maybel;
					auto& r = *mayber;
					if (std::is_same<no_comp, Op>::value) {
						return stack::push(L, detail::ptr(l) == detail::ptr(r));
					}
					else {
						Op op;
						return stack::push(L, (detail::ptr(l) == detail::ptr(r)) || op(detail::deref(l), detail::deref(r)));
					}
				}
			}
			return stack::push(L, false);
		}

		template <typename T, typename Op, typename Supports, typename Regs, meta::enable<Supports> = meta::enabler>
		inline void make_reg_op(Regs& l, int& index, const char* name) {
			lua_CFunction f = &comparsion_operator_wrap<T, Op>;
			l[index] = luaL_Reg{ name, f };
			++index;
		}

		template <typename T, typename Op, typename Supports, typename Regs, meta::disable<Supports> = meta::enabler>
		inline void make_reg_op(Regs&, int&, const char*) {
			// Do nothing if there's no support
		}

		template <typename T, typename Supports, typename Regs, meta::enable<Supports> = meta::enabler>
		inline void make_to_string_op(Regs& l, int& index) {
			const char* name = to_string(meta_function::to_string).c_str();
			lua_CFunction f = &detail::static_trampoline<&default_to_string<T>>;
			l[index] = luaL_Reg{ name, f };
			++index;
		}

		template <typename T, typename Supports, typename Regs, meta::disable<Supports> = meta::enabler>
		inline void make_to_string_op(Regs&, int&) {
			// Do nothing if there's no support
		}

		template <typename T, typename Regs, meta::enable<meta::has_deducible_signature<T>> = meta::enabler>
		inline void make_call_op(Regs& l, int& index) {
			const char* name = to_string(meta_function::call).c_str();
			lua_CFunction f = &c_call<decltype(&T::operator()), &T::operator()>;
			l[index] = luaL_Reg{ name, f };
			++index;
		}

		template <typename T, typename Regs, meta::disable<meta::has_deducible_signature<T>> = meta::enabler>
		inline void make_call_op(Regs&, int&) {
			// Do nothing if there's no support
		}

		template <typename T, typename Regs, meta::enable<meta::has_size<T>> = meta::enabler>
		inline void make_length_op(Regs& l, int& index) {
			const char* name = to_string(meta_function::length).c_str();
			l[index] = luaL_Reg{ name, &c_call<decltype(&T::size), &T::size> };
			++index;
		}

		template <typename T, typename Regs, meta::disable<meta::has_size<T>> = meta::enabler>
		inline void make_length_op(Regs&, int&) {
			// Do nothing if there's no support
		}

		template <typename T, typename Regs, meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_pointer<T>>, std::is_destructible<T>>>
		void make_destructor(Regs& l, int& index) {
			const char* name = to_string(meta_function::garbage_collect).c_str();
			l[index] = luaL_Reg{ name, is_unique_usertype<T>::value ? &detail::unique_destruct<T> : &detail::usertype_alloc_destruct<T> };
			++index;
		}

		template <typename T, typename Regs, meta::disable<meta::neg<std::is_pointer<T>>, std::is_destructible<T>>>
		void make_destructor(Regs& l, int& index) {
			if (!std::is_destructible<T>::value) {
				// if the value is not destructible, plant an erroring __gc method
				// to warn the user of a problem when it comes around
				// this won't trigger if the user performs `new_usertype` / `new_simple_usertype` and
				// rigs the class up properly
				const char* name = to_string(meta_function::garbage_collect).c_str();
				l[index] = luaL_Reg{ name, &detail::cannot_destruct<T> };
				++index;
			}
		}

		template <typename T, typename Regs, typename Fx>
		void insert_default_registrations(Regs& l, int& index, Fx&& fx) {
			if (fx(meta_function::less_than)) {
				const char* name = to_string(meta_function::less_than).c_str();
				usertype_detail::make_reg_op<T, std::less<>, meta::supports_op_less<T>>(l, index, name);
			}
			if (fx(meta_function::less_than_or_equal_to)) {
				const char* name = to_string(meta_function::less_than_or_equal_to).c_str();
				usertype_detail::make_reg_op<T, std::less_equal<>, meta::supports_op_less_equal<T>>(l, index, name);
			}
			if (fx(meta_function::equal_to)) {
				const char* name = to_string(meta_function::equal_to).c_str();
				usertype_detail::make_reg_op<T, std::conditional_t<meta::supports_op_equal<T>::value, std::equal_to<>, usertype_detail::no_comp>, std::true_type>(l, index, name);
			}
			if (fx(meta_function::pairs)) {
				const char* name = to_string(meta_function::pairs).c_str();
				l[index] = luaL_Reg{ name, container_usertype_metatable<as_container_t<T>>::pairs_call };
				++index;
			}
			if (fx(meta_function::length)) {
				usertype_detail::make_length_op<T>(l, index);
			}
			if (fx(meta_function::to_string)) {
				usertype_detail::make_to_string_op<T, meta::any<meta::supports_to_string_member<T>, meta::supports_adl_to_string<T>, meta::supports_ostream_op<T>>>(l, index);
			}
			if (fx(meta_function::call_function)) {
				usertype_detail::make_call_op<T>(l, index);
			}
		}
	} // usertype_detail

	namespace stack {
		namespace stack_detail {
			template <typename T>
			struct undefined_metatable {
				typedef meta::all<meta::neg<std::is_pointer<T>>, std::is_destructible<T>> is_destructible;
				typedef std::remove_pointer_t<T> P;
				lua_State* L;
				const char* key;

				undefined_metatable(lua_State* l, const char* k) : L(l), key(k) {}

				void operator () () const {
					if (luaL_newmetatable(L, key) == 1) {
						luaL_Reg l[32]{};
						int index = 0;
						auto fx = [](meta_function) { return true; };
						usertype_detail::insert_default_registrations<P>(l, index, fx);
						usertype_detail::make_destructor<T>(l, index);
						luaL_setfuncs(L, l, 0);
					}
					lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
				}
			};
		} // stack_detail
	} // stack
} // sol

// end of sol/usertype_core.hpp

#include <cstdio>

namespace sol {
	namespace usertype_detail {
		const int metatable_index = 2;
		const int metatable_core_index = 3;
		const int filler_index = 4;
		const int magic_index = 5;

		const int simple_metatable_index = 2;
		const int index_function_index = 3;
		const int newindex_function_index = 4;

		typedef void(*base_walk)(lua_State*, bool&, int&, string_detail::string_shim&);
		typedef int(*member_search)(lua_State*, void*, int);

		struct call_information {
			member_search index;
			member_search new_index;
			int runtime_target;

			call_information(member_search index, member_search newindex) : call_information(index, newindex, -1) {}
			call_information(member_search index, member_search newindex, int runtimetarget) : index(index), new_index(newindex), runtime_target(runtimetarget) {}
		};

		typedef std::unordered_map<std::string, call_information> mapping_t;
		
		struct variable_wrapper {
			virtual int index(lua_State* L) = 0;
			virtual int new_index(lua_State* L) = 0;
			virtual ~variable_wrapper() {};
		};

		template <typename T, typename F>
		struct callable_binding : variable_wrapper {
			F fx;

			template <typename Arg>
			callable_binding(Arg&& arg) : fx(std::forward<Arg>(arg)) {}

			virtual int index(lua_State* L) override {
				return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, true, true>(L, fx);
			}

			virtual int new_index(lua_State* L) override {
				return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, false, true>(L, fx);
			}
		};

		typedef std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<variable_wrapper>> variable_map;
		typedef std::unordered_map<std::string, object> function_map;

		struct simple_map {
			const char* metakey;
			variable_map variables;
			function_map functions;
			object index;
			object newindex;
			base_walk indexbaseclasspropogation;
			base_walk newindexbaseclasspropogation;

			simple_map(const char* mkey, base_walk index, base_walk newindex, object i, object ni, variable_map&& vars, function_map&& funcs) 
			: metakey(mkey), variables(std::move(vars)), functions(std::move(funcs)), 
			index(std::move(i)), newindex(std::move(ni)),
			indexbaseclasspropogation(index), newindexbaseclasspropogation(newindex) {}
		};
	} // usertype_detail

	struct usertype_metatable_core {
		usertype_detail::mapping_t mapping;
		lua_CFunction indexfunc;
		lua_CFunction newindexfunc;
		std::vector<object> runtime;
		bool mustindex;

		usertype_metatable_core(lua_CFunction ifx, lua_CFunction nifx) :
		mapping(), indexfunc(ifx),
		newindexfunc(nifx), runtime(), mustindex(false) {

		}

		usertype_metatable_core(const usertype_metatable_core&) = default;
		usertype_metatable_core(usertype_metatable_core&&) = default;
		usertype_metatable_core& operator=(const usertype_metatable_core&) = default;
		usertype_metatable_core& operator=(usertype_metatable_core&&) = default;

	};

	namespace usertype_detail {
		const lua_Integer toplevel_magic = static_cast<lua_Integer>(0xCCC2CCC1);

		inline int is_indexer(string_detail::string_shim s) {
			if (s == to_string(meta_function::index)) {
				return 1;
			}
			else if (s == to_string(meta_function::new_index)) {
				return 2;
			}
			return  0;
		}

		inline int is_indexer(meta_function mf) {
			if (mf == meta_function::index) {
				return 1;
			}
			else if (mf == meta_function::new_index) {
				return 2;
			}
			return 0;
		}

		inline int is_indexer(call_construction) {
			return 0;
		}

		inline int is_indexer(base_classes_tag) {
			return 0;
		}

		inline auto make_shim(string_detail::string_shim s) {
			return s;
		}

		inline auto make_shim(call_construction) {
			return string_detail::string_shim(to_string(meta_function::call_function));
		}

		inline auto make_shim(meta_function mf) {
			return string_detail::string_shim(to_string(mf));
		}

		inline auto make_shim(base_classes_tag) {
			return string_detail::string_shim(detail::base_class_cast_key());
		}

		template <typename Arg>
		inline std::string make_string(Arg&& arg) {
			string_detail::string_shim s = make_shim(arg);
			return std::string(s.data(), s.size());
		}

		template <typename N>
		inline luaL_Reg make_reg(N&& n, lua_CFunction f) {
			luaL_Reg l{ make_shim(std::forward<N>(n)).data(), f };
			return l;
		}

		struct registrar {
			registrar() = default;
			registrar(const registrar&) = default;
			registrar(registrar&&) = default;
			registrar& operator=(const registrar&) = default;
			registrar& operator=(registrar&&) = default;
			virtual int push_um(lua_State* L) = 0;
			virtual ~registrar() {}
		};

		inline bool is_toplevel(lua_State* L, int index = magic_index) {
			int isnum = 0;
			lua_Integer magic = lua_tointegerx(L, upvalue_index(index), &isnum);
			return isnum != 0 && magic == toplevel_magic;
		}

		inline int runtime_object_call(lua_State* L, void*, int runtimetarget) {
			usertype_metatable_core& umc = stack::get<light<usertype_metatable_core>>(L, upvalue_index(metatable_core_index));
			std::vector<object>& runtime = umc.runtime;
			object& runtimeobj = runtime[runtimetarget];
			return stack::push(L, runtimeobj);
		}

		template <typename T, bool is_index>
		inline int indexing_fail(lua_State* L) {
			if (is_index) {
#if 0//def SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE
				auto maybeaccessor = stack::get<optional<string_detail::string_shim>>(L, is_index ? -1 : -2);
				string_detail::string_shim accessor = maybeaccessor.value_or(string_detail::string_shim("(unknown)"));
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: attempt to index (get) nil value \"%s\" on userdata (bad (misspelled?) key name or does not exist)", accessor.data());
#else
				if (is_toplevel(L)) {
					if (lua_getmetatable(L, 1) == 1) {
						int metatarget = lua_gettop(L);
						stack::get_field(L, stack_reference(L, raw_index(2)), metatarget);
						return 1;
					}
				}
				// With runtime extensibility, we can't hard-error things. They have to return nil, like regular table types, unfortunately...
				return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
#endif
			}
			else {
				auto maybeaccessor = stack::get<optional<string_detail::string_shim>>(L, is_index ? -1 : -2);
				string_detail::string_shim accessor = maybeaccessor.value_or(string_detail::string_shim("(unknown)"));
				return luaL_error(L, "sol: attempt to index (set) nil value \"%s\" on userdata (bad (misspelled?) key name or does not exist)", accessor.data());
			}
		}

		int runtime_new_index(lua_State* L, void*, int runtimetarget);

		template <typename T, bool is_simple>
		inline int metatable_newindex(lua_State* L) {
			if (is_toplevel(L)) {
				auto non_indexable = [&L]() {
					if (is_simple) {
						simple_map& sm = stack::get<user<simple_map>>(L, upvalue_index(simple_metatable_index));
						function_map& functions = sm.functions;
						optional<std::string> maybeaccessor = stack::get<optional<std::string>>(L, 2);
						if (!maybeaccessor) {
							return;
						}
						std::string& accessor = maybeaccessor.value();
						auto preexistingit = functions.find(accessor);
						if (preexistingit == functions.cend()) {
							functions.emplace_hint(preexistingit, std::move(accessor), sol::object(L, 3));
						}
						else {
							preexistingit->second = sol::object(L, 3);
						}
						return;
					}
					usertype_metatable_core& umc = stack::get<light<usertype_metatable_core>>(L, upvalue_index(metatable_core_index));
					bool mustindex = umc.mustindex;
					if (!mustindex)
						return;
					optional<std::string> maybeaccessor = stack::get<optional<std::string>>(L, 2);
					if (!maybeaccessor) {
						return;
					}
					std::string& accessor = maybeaccessor.value();
					mapping_t& mapping = umc.mapping;
					std::vector<object>& runtime = umc.runtime;
					int target = static_cast<int>(runtime.size());
					auto preexistingit = mapping.find(accessor);
					if (preexistingit == mapping.cend()) {
						runtime.emplace_back(L, 3);
						mapping.emplace_hint(mapping.cend(), accessor, call_information(&runtime_object_call, &runtime_new_index, target));
					}
					else {
						target = preexistingit->second.runtime_target;
						runtime[target] = sol::object(L, 3);
						preexistingit->second = call_information(&runtime_object_call, &runtime_new_index, target);
					}
				};
				non_indexable();
				for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 4; lua_settop(L, 3), ++i) {
					const char* metakey = nullptr;
					switch (i) {
					case 0:
						metakey = &usertype_traits<T*>::metatable()[0];
						luaL_getmetatable(L, metakey);
						break;
					case 1:
						metakey = &usertype_traits<detail::unique_usertype<T>>::metatable()[0];
						luaL_getmetatable(L, metakey);
						break;
					case 2:
						metakey = &usertype_traits<T>::metatable()[0];
						luaL_getmetatable(L, metakey);
						break;
					case 3:
					default:
						metakey = &usertype_traits<T>::user_metatable()[0];
						{
							luaL_getmetatable(L, metakey);
							lua_getmetatable(L, -1);
						}
						break;
					}
					int tableindex = lua_gettop(L);
					if (type_of(L, tableindex) == type::lua_nil) {
						continue;
					}
					stack::set_field<false, true>(L, stack_reference(L, raw_index(2)), stack_reference(L, raw_index(3)), tableindex);
				}
				lua_settop(L, 0);
				return 0;
			}
			return indexing_fail<T, false>(L);
		}
		
		inline int runtime_new_index(lua_State* L, void*, int runtimetarget) {
			usertype_metatable_core& umc = stack::get<light<usertype_metatable_core>>(L, upvalue_index(metatable_core_index));
			std::vector<object>& runtime = umc.runtime;
			object& runtimeobj = runtime[runtimetarget];
			runtimeobj = object(L, 3);
			return 0;
		}

		template <bool is_index, typename Base>
		static void walk_single_base(lua_State* L, bool& found, int& ret, string_detail::string_shim&) {
			if (found)
				return;
			const char* metakey = &usertype_traits<Base>::metatable()[0];
			const char* gcmetakey = &usertype_traits<Base>::gc_table()[0];
			const char* basewalkkey = is_index ? detail::base_class_index_propogation_key() : detail::base_class_new_index_propogation_key();

			luaL_getmetatable(L, metakey);
			if (type_of(L, -1) == type::lua_nil) {
				lua_pop(L, 1);
				return;
			}
			
			stack::get_field(L, basewalkkey);
			if (type_of(L, -1) == type::lua_nil) {
				lua_pop(L, 2);
				return;
			}
			lua_CFunction basewalkfunc = stack::pop<lua_CFunction>(L);
			lua_pop(L, 1);

			stack::get_field<true>(L, gcmetakey);
			int value = basewalkfunc(L);
			if (value > -1) {
				found = true;
				ret = value;
			}
		}

		template <bool is_index, typename... Bases>
		static void walk_all_bases(lua_State* L, bool& found, int& ret, string_detail::string_shim& accessor) {
			(void)L;
			(void)found;
			(void)ret;
			(void)accessor;
			(void)detail::swallow{ 0, (walk_single_base<is_index, Bases>(L, found, ret, accessor), 0)... };
		}
	} // usertype_detail

	template <typename T>
	struct clean_type {
		typedef std::conditional_t<std::is_array<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value, T&, std::decay_t<T>> type;
	};

	template <typename T>
	using clean_type_t = typename clean_type<T>::type;

	template <typename T, typename IndexSequence, typename... Tn>
	struct usertype_metatable : usertype_detail::registrar {};

	template <typename T, std::size_t... I, typename... Tn>
	struct usertype_metatable<T, std::index_sequence<I...>, Tn...> : usertype_metatable_core, usertype_detail::registrar {
		typedef std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(I) * 2> indices;
		typedef std::index_sequence<I...> half_indices;
		typedef std::array<luaL_Reg, sizeof...(Tn) / 2 + 1 + 29> regs_t;
		typedef std::tuple<Tn...> RawTuple;
		typedef std::tuple<clean_type_t<Tn> ...> Tuple;
		template <std::size_t Idx>
		struct check_binding : is_variable_binding<meta::unqualified_tuple_element_t<Idx, Tuple>> {};
		Tuple functions;
		lua_CFunction destructfunc;
		lua_CFunction callconstructfunc;
		lua_CFunction indexbase;
		lua_CFunction newindexbase;
		usertype_detail::base_walk indexbaseclasspropogation;
		usertype_detail::base_walk newindexbaseclasspropogation;
		void* baseclasscheck;
		void* baseclasscast;
		bool secondarymeta;
		std::array<bool, 29> properties;

		template <std::size_t Idx, meta::enable<std::is_same<lua_CFunction, meta::unqualified_tuple_element<Idx + 1, RawTuple>>> = meta::enabler>
		lua_CFunction make_func() const {
			return std::get<Idx + 1>(functions);
		}

		template <std::size_t Idx, meta::disable<std::is_same<lua_CFunction, meta::unqualified_tuple_element<Idx + 1, RawTuple>>> = meta::enabler>
		lua_CFunction make_func() const {
			const auto& name = std::get<Idx>(functions);
			return (usertype_detail::make_shim(name) == "__newindex") ? &call<Idx + 1, false> : &call<Idx + 1, true>;
		}

		static bool contains_variable() {
			typedef meta::any<check_binding<(I * 2 + 1)>...> has_variables;
			return has_variables::value;
		}

		bool contains_index() const {
			bool idx = false;
			(void)detail::swallow{ 0, ((idx |= (usertype_detail::is_indexer(std::get<I * 2>(functions)) != 0)), 0) ... };
			return idx;
		}

		int finish_regs(regs_t& l, int& index) {
			auto prop_fx = [&](meta_function mf) { return !properties[static_cast<int>(mf)]; };
			usertype_detail::insert_default_registrations<T>(l, index, prop_fx);
			if (destructfunc != nullptr) {
				l[index] = luaL_Reg{ to_string(meta_function::garbage_collect).c_str(), destructfunc };
				++index;
			}
			return index;
		}

		template <std::size_t Idx, typename F>
		void make_regs(regs_t&, int&, call_construction, F&&) {
			callconstructfunc = call<Idx + 1>;
			secondarymeta = true;
		}

		template <std::size_t, typename... Bases>
		void make_regs(regs_t&, int&, base_classes_tag, bases<Bases...>) {
			static_assert(!meta::any_same<T, Bases...>::value, "base classes cannot list the original class as part of the bases");
			if (sizeof...(Bases) < 1) {
				return;
			}
			mustindex = true;
			(void)detail::swallow{ 0, ((detail::has_derived<Bases>::value = true), 0)... };

			static_assert(sizeof(void*) <= sizeof(detail::inheritance_check_function), "The size of this data pointer is too small to fit the inheritance checking function: file a bug report.");
			static_assert(sizeof(void*) <= sizeof(detail::inheritance_cast_function), "The size of this data pointer is too small to fit the inheritance checking function: file a bug report.");
			baseclasscheck = (void*)&detail::inheritance<T, Bases...>::type_check;
			baseclasscast = (void*)&detail::inheritance<T, Bases...>::type_cast;
			indexbaseclasspropogation = usertype_detail::walk_all_bases<true, Bases...>;
			newindexbaseclasspropogation = usertype_detail::walk_all_bases<false, Bases...>;
		}

		template <std::size_t Idx, typename N, typename F, typename = std::enable_if_t<!meta::any_same<meta::unqualified_t<N>, base_classes_tag, call_construction>::value>>
		void make_regs(regs_t& l, int& index, N&& n, F&&) {
			if (is_variable_binding<meta::unqualified_t<F>>::value) {
				return;
			}
			luaL_Reg reg = usertype_detail::make_reg(std::forward<N>(n), make_func<Idx>());
			for (std::size_t i = 1; i < properties.size(); ++i) {
				meta_function mf = static_cast<meta_function>(i);
				const std::string& mfname = to_string(mf);
				if (mfname == reg.name) {
					switch (mf) {
					case meta_function::garbage_collect:
						if (destructfunc != nullptr) {
#ifdef SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS
							throw sol::error("sol: 2 separate garbage_collect functions were set on this type. Please specify only 1 sol::meta_function::gc type AND wrap the function in a sol::destruct call, as shown by the documentation and examples");
#else
							assert(false && "sol: 2 separate garbage_collect functions were set on this type. Please specify only 1 sol::meta_function::gc type AND wrap the function in a sol::destruct call, as shown by the documentation and examples");
#endif
						}
						destructfunc = reg.func;
						return;
					case meta_function::index:
						indexfunc = reg.func;
						mustindex = true;
						properties[i] = true;
						return;
					case meta_function::new_index:
						newindexfunc = reg.func;
						mustindex = true;
						properties[i] = true;
						return;
					default:
						break;
					}
					properties[i] = true;
					break;
				}
			}
			l[index] = reg;
			++index;
		}

		template <typename... Args, typename = std::enable_if_t<sizeof...(Args) == sizeof...(Tn)>>
		usertype_metatable(Args&&... args) : usertype_metatable_core(&usertype_detail::indexing_fail<T, true>, &usertype_detail::metatable_newindex<T, false>), usertype_detail::registrar(),
		functions(std::forward<Args>(args)...),
		destructfunc(nullptr), callconstructfunc(nullptr),
		indexbase(&core_indexing_call<true>), newindexbase(&core_indexing_call<false>),
		indexbaseclasspropogation(usertype_detail::walk_all_bases<true>), newindexbaseclasspropogation(usertype_detail::walk_all_bases<false>),
		baseclasscheck(nullptr), baseclasscast(nullptr),
		secondarymeta(contains_variable()),
		properties() {
			properties.fill(false);
			std::initializer_list<typename usertype_detail::mapping_t::value_type> ilist{ {
				std::pair<std::string, usertype_detail::call_information>( usertype_detail::make_string(std::get<I * 2>(functions)),
					usertype_detail::call_information(&usertype_metatable::real_find_call<I * 2, I * 2 + 1, true>,
						&usertype_metatable::real_find_call<I * 2, I * 2 + 1, false>)
					)
			}... };
			this->mapping.insert(ilist);
			for (const auto& n : meta_function_names()) {
				this->mapping.erase(n);
			}
			this->mustindex = contains_variable() || contains_index();
		}

		usertype_metatable(const usertype_metatable&) = default;
		usertype_metatable(usertype_metatable&&) = default;
		usertype_metatable& operator=(const usertype_metatable&) = default;
		usertype_metatable& operator=(usertype_metatable&&) = default;

		template <std::size_t I0, std::size_t I1, bool is_index>
		static int real_find_call(lua_State* L, void* um, int) {
			auto& f = *static_cast<usertype_metatable*>(um);
			if (is_variable_binding<decltype(std::get<I1>(f.functions))>::value) {
				return real_call_with<I1, is_index, true>(L, f);
			}
			// set up upvalues
			// for a chained call
			int upvalues = 0;
			upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
			upvalues += stack::push(L, light<usertype_metatable>(f));
			auto cfunc = &call<I1, is_index>;
			return stack::push(L, c_closure(cfunc, upvalues));
		}

		template <bool is_index>
		static int real_meta_call(lua_State* L, void* um, int) {
			auto& f = *static_cast<usertype_metatable*>(um);
			return is_index ? f.indexfunc(L) : f.newindexfunc(L);
		}

		template <bool is_index, bool toplevel = false>
		static int core_indexing_call(lua_State* L) {
			usertype_metatable& f = toplevel 
				? stack::get<light<usertype_metatable>>(L, upvalue_index(usertype_detail::metatable_index))
				: stack::pop<light<usertype_metatable>>(L);
			static const int keyidx = -2 + static_cast<int>(is_index);
			if (toplevel && stack::get<type>(L, keyidx) != type::string) {
				return is_index ? f.indexfunc(L) : f.newindexfunc(L);
			}
			std::string name = stack::get<std::string>(L, keyidx);
			auto memberit = f.mapping.find(name);
			if (memberit != f.mapping.cend()) {
				const usertype_detail::call_information& ci = memberit->second;
				const usertype_detail::member_search& member = is_index ? ci.index: ci.new_index;
				return (member)(L, static_cast<void*>(&f), ci.runtime_target);
			}
			string_detail::string_shim accessor = name;
			int ret = 0;
			bool found = false;
			// Otherwise, we need to do propagating calls through the bases
			if (is_index)
				f.indexbaseclasspropogation(L, found, ret, accessor);
			else
				f.newindexbaseclasspropogation(L, found, ret, accessor);
			if (found) {
				return ret;
			}
			return toplevel ? (is_index ? f.indexfunc(L) : f.newindexfunc(L)) : -1;
		}

		static int real_index_call(lua_State* L) {
			return core_indexing_call<true, true>(L);
		}

		static int real_new_index_call(lua_State* L) {
			return core_indexing_call<false, true>(L);
		}

		template <std::size_t Idx, bool is_index = true, bool is_variable = false>
		static int real_call(lua_State* L) {
			usertype_metatable& f = stack::get<light<usertype_metatable>>(L, upvalue_index(usertype_detail::metatable_index));
			return real_call_with<Idx, is_index, is_variable>(L, f);
		}

		template <std::size_t Idx, bool is_index = true, bool is_variable = false>
		static int real_call_with(lua_State* L, usertype_metatable& um) {
			typedef meta::unqualified_tuple_element_t<Idx - 1, Tuple> K;
			typedef meta::unqualified_tuple_element_t<Idx, Tuple> F;
			static const int boost = 
				!detail::is_non_factory_constructor<F>::value
				&& std::is_same<K, call_construction>::value ? 
				1 : 0;
			auto& f = std::get<Idx>(um.functions);
			return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, is_index, is_variable, boost>(L, f);
		}

		template <std::size_t Idx, bool is_index = true, bool is_variable = false>
		static int call(lua_State* L) {
			return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_call<Idx, is_index, is_variable>), (&real_call<Idx, is_index, is_variable>)>(L);
		}

		template <std::size_t Idx, bool is_index = true, bool is_variable = false>
		static int call_with(lua_State* L) {
			return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_call_with<Idx, is_index, is_variable>), (&real_call_with<Idx, is_index, is_variable>)>(L);
		}

		static int index_call(lua_State* L) {
			return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_index_call), (&real_index_call)>(L);
		}

		static int new_index_call(lua_State* L) {
			return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_new_index_call), (&real_new_index_call)>(L);
		}

		virtual int push_um(lua_State* L) override {
			return stack::push(L, std::move(*this));
		}

		~usertype_metatable() override {

		}
	};

	namespace stack {

		template <typename T, std::size_t... I, typename... Args>
		struct pusher<usertype_metatable<T, std::index_sequence<I...>, Args...>> {
			typedef usertype_metatable<T, std::index_sequence<I...>, Args...> umt_t;
			typedef typename umt_t::regs_t regs_t;

			static umt_t& make_cleanup(lua_State* L, umt_t&& umx) {
				// ensure some sort of uniqueness
				static int uniqueness = 0;
				std::string uniquegcmetakey = usertype_traits<T>::user_gc_metatable();
				// std::to_string doesn't exist in android still, with NDK, so this bullshit
				// is necessary
				// thanks, Android :v
				int appended = snprintf(nullptr, 0, "%d", uniqueness);
				std::size_t insertionpoint = uniquegcmetakey.length() - 1;
				uniquegcmetakey.append(appended, '\0');
				char* uniquetarget = &uniquegcmetakey[insertionpoint];
				snprintf(uniquetarget, uniquegcmetakey.length(), "%d", uniqueness);
				++uniqueness;

				const char* gcmetakey = &usertype_traits<T>::gc_table()[0];
				// Make sure userdata's memory is properly in lua first,
				// otherwise all the light userdata we make later will become invalid
				stack::push<user<umt_t>>(L, metatable_key, uniquegcmetakey, std::move(umx));
				// Create the top level thing that will act as our deleter later on
				stack_reference umt(L, -1);
				stack::set_field<true>(L, gcmetakey, umt);
				umt.pop();

				stack::get_field<true>(L, gcmetakey);
				return stack::pop<light<umt_t>>(L);
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, umt_t&& umx) {

				umt_t& um = make_cleanup(L, std::move(umx));
				usertype_metatable_core& umc = um;
				regs_t value_table{ {} };
				int lastreg = 0;
				(void)detail::swallow{ 0, (um.template make_regs<(I * 2)>(value_table, lastreg, std::get<(I * 2)>(um.functions), std::get<(I * 2 + 1)>(um.functions)), 0)... };
				um.finish_regs(value_table, lastreg);
				value_table[lastreg] = { nullptr, nullptr };
				regs_t ref_table = value_table;
				regs_t unique_table = value_table;
				bool hasdestructor = !value_table.empty() && to_string(meta_function::garbage_collect) == value_table[lastreg - 1].name;
				if (hasdestructor) {
					ref_table[lastreg - 1] = { nullptr, nullptr };
				}
				unique_table[lastreg - 1] = { value_table[lastreg - 1].name, detail::unique_destruct<T> };

				// Now use um
				const bool& mustindex = umc.mustindex;
				for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
					// Pointer types, AKA "references" from C++
					const char* metakey = nullptr;
					luaL_Reg* metaregs = nullptr;
					switch (i) {
					case 0:
						metakey = &usertype_traits<T*>::metatable()[0];
						metaregs = ref_table.data();
						break;
					case 1:
						metakey = &usertype_traits<detail::unique_usertype<T>>::metatable()[0];
						metaregs = unique_table.data();
						break;
					case 2:
					default:
						metakey = &usertype_traits<T>::metatable()[0];
						metaregs = value_table.data();
						break;
					}
					luaL_newmetatable(L, metakey);
					stack_reference t(L, -1);
					int upvalues = 0;
					upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
					upvalues += stack::push(L, make_light(um));
					luaL_setfuncs(L, metaregs, upvalues);

					if (um.baseclasscheck != nullptr) {
						stack::set_field(L, detail::base_class_check_key(), um.baseclasscheck, t.stack_index());
					}
					if (um.baseclasscast != nullptr) {
						stack::set_field(L, detail::base_class_cast_key(), um.baseclasscast, t.stack_index());
					}

					stack::set_field(L, detail::base_class_index_propogation_key(), make_closure(um.indexbase, nullptr, make_light(um), make_light(umc)), t.stack_index());
					stack::set_field(L, detail::base_class_new_index_propogation_key(), make_closure(um.newindexbase, nullptr, make_light(um), make_light(umc)), t.stack_index());

					if (mustindex) {
						// Basic index pushing: specialize
						// index and newindex to give variables and stuff
						stack::set_field(L, meta_function::index, make_closure(umt_t::index_call, nullptr, make_light(um), make_light(umc)), t.stack_index());
						stack::set_field(L, meta_function::new_index, make_closure(umt_t::new_index_call, nullptr, make_light(um), make_light(umc)), t.stack_index());
					}
					else {
						// If there's only functions, we can use the fast index version
						stack::set_field(L, meta_function::index, t, t.stack_index());
					}
					// metatable on the metatable
					// for call constructor purposes and such
					lua_createtable(L, 0, 3);
					stack_reference metabehind(L, -1);
					if (um.callconstructfunc != nullptr) {
						stack::set_field(L, meta_function::call_function, make_closure(um.callconstructfunc, nullptr, make_light(um), make_light(umc)), metabehind.stack_index());
					}
					if (um.secondarymeta) {
						stack::set_field(L, meta_function::index, make_closure(umt_t::index_call, nullptr, make_light(um), make_light(umc)), metabehind.stack_index());
						stack::set_field(L, meta_function::new_index, make_closure(umt_t::new_index_call, nullptr, make_light(um), make_light(umc)), metabehind.stack_index());
					}
					stack::set_field(L, metatable_key, metabehind, t.stack_index());
					metabehind.pop();
					// We want to just leave the table
					// in the registry only, otherwise we return it
					t.pop();
				}

				// Now for the shim-table that actually gets assigned to the name
				luaL_newmetatable(L, &usertype_traits<T>::user_metatable()[0]);
				stack_reference t(L, -1);
				int upvalues = 0;
				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
				upvalues += stack::push(L, make_light(um));
				luaL_setfuncs(L, value_table.data(), upvalues);
				{
					lua_createtable(L, 0, 3);
					stack_reference metabehind(L, -1);
					if (um.callconstructfunc != nullptr) {
						stack::set_field(L, meta_function::call_function, make_closure(um.callconstructfunc, nullptr, make_light(um), make_light(umc)), metabehind.stack_index());
					}
					
					stack::set_field(L, meta_function::index, make_closure(umt_t::index_call, nullptr, make_light(um), make_light(umc), nullptr, usertype_detail::toplevel_magic), metabehind.stack_index());
					stack::set_field(L, meta_function::new_index, make_closure(umt_t::new_index_call, nullptr, make_light(um), make_light(umc), nullptr, usertype_detail::toplevel_magic), metabehind.stack_index());
					
					stack::set_field(L, metatable_key, metabehind, t.stack_index());
					metabehind.pop();
				}

				return 1;
			}
		};

	} // stack

} // sol

// end of sol/usertype_metatable.hpp

// beginning of sol/simple_usertype_metatable.hpp

namespace sol {

	namespace usertype_detail {
		inline int call_indexing_object(lua_State* L, object& f) {
			int before = lua_gettop(L);
			f.push();
			for (int i = 1; i <= before; ++i) {
				lua_pushvalue(L, i);
			}
			lua_callk(L, before, LUA_MULTRET, 0, nullptr);
			int after = lua_gettop(L);
			return after - before;
		}

		template <typename T, bool is_index, bool toplevel = false, bool has_indexing = false>
		inline int simple_core_indexing_call(lua_State* L) {
			simple_map& sm = toplevel 
				? stack::get<user<simple_map>>(L, upvalue_index(simple_metatable_index)) 
				: stack::pop<user<simple_map>>(L);
			variable_map& variables = sm.variables;
			function_map& functions = sm.functions;
			static const int keyidx = -2 + static_cast<int>(is_index);
			if (toplevel) {
				if (stack::get<type>(L, keyidx) != type::string) {
					if (has_indexing) {
						object& indexingfunc = is_index
							? sm.index
							: sm.newindex;
						return call_indexing_object(L, indexingfunc);
					}
					else {
						return is_index
							? indexing_fail<T, is_index>(L)
							: metatable_newindex<T, true>(L);
					}
				}
			}
			string_detail::string_shim accessor = stack::get<string_detail::string_shim>(L, keyidx);
			std::string accessorkey = accessor.data();
			auto vit = variables.find(accessorkey);
			if (vit != variables.cend()) {
				auto& varwrap = *(vit->second);
				if (is_index) {
					return varwrap.index(L);
				}
				return varwrap.new_index(L);
			}
			auto fit = functions.find(accessorkey);
			if (fit != functions.cend()) {
				sol::object& func = fit->second;
				if (is_index) {
					return stack::push(L, func);
				}
				else {
					if (has_indexing && !is_toplevel(L)) {
						object& indexingfunc = is_index
							? sm.index
							: sm.newindex;
						return call_indexing_object(L, indexingfunc);
					}
					else {
						return is_index 
							? indexing_fail<T, is_index>(L)
							: metatable_newindex<T, true>(L);
					}
				}
			}
			/* Check table storage first for a method that works
			luaL_getmetatable(L, sm.metakey);
			if (type_of(L, -1) != type::lua_nil) {
				stack::get_field<false, true>(L, accessor.c_str(), lua_gettop(L));
				if (type_of(L, -1) != type::lua_nil) {
					// Woo, we found it?
					lua_remove(L, -2);
					return 1;
				}
				lua_pop(L, 1);
			}
			lua_pop(L, 1);
			*/

			int ret = 0;
			bool found = false;
			// Otherwise, we need to do propagating calls through the bases
			if (is_index) {
				sm.indexbaseclasspropogation(L, found, ret, accessor);
			}
			else {
				sm.newindexbaseclasspropogation(L, found, ret, accessor);
			}
			if (found) {
				return ret;
			}
			if (toplevel) {
				if (has_indexing && !is_toplevel(L)) {
					object& indexingfunc = is_index
						? sm.index
						: sm.newindex;
					return call_indexing_object(L, indexingfunc);
				}
				else {
					return is_index
						? indexing_fail<T, is_index>(L)
						: metatable_newindex<T, true>(L);
				}
			}
			return -1;
		}

		template <typename T, bool has_indexing = false>
		inline int simple_real_index_call(lua_State* L) {
			return simple_core_indexing_call<T, true, true, has_indexing>(L);
		}

		template <typename T, bool has_indexing = false>
		inline int simple_real_new_index_call(lua_State* L) {
			return simple_core_indexing_call<T, false, true, has_indexing>(L);
		}

		template <typename T, bool has_indexing = false>
		inline int simple_index_call(lua_State* L) {
#if defined(__clang__)
			return detail::trampoline(L, &simple_real_index_call<T, has_indexing>);
#else
			return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&simple_real_index_call<T, has_indexing>), (&simple_real_index_call<T, has_indexing>)>(L);
#endif
		}

		template <typename T, bool has_indexing = false>
		inline int simple_new_index_call(lua_State* L) {
#if defined(__clang__)
			return detail::trampoline(L, &simple_real_new_index_call<T, has_indexing>);
#else
			return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&simple_real_new_index_call<T, has_indexing>), (&simple_real_new_index_call<T, has_indexing>)>(L);
#endif
		}
	}

	struct simple_tag {} const simple{};

	template <typename T>
	struct simple_usertype_metatable : usertype_detail::registrar {
	public:
		usertype_detail::function_map registrations;
		usertype_detail::variable_map varmap;
		object callconstructfunc;
		object indexfunc;
		object newindexfunc;
		lua_CFunction indexbase;
		lua_CFunction newindexbase;
		usertype_detail::base_walk indexbaseclasspropogation;
		usertype_detail::base_walk newindexbaseclasspropogation;
		void* baseclasscheck;
		void* baseclasscast;
		bool mustindex;
		bool secondarymeta;
		std::array<bool, 29> properties;

		template <typename N>
		void insert(N&& n, object&& o) {
			std::string key = usertype_detail::make_string(std::forward<N>(n));
			int is_indexer = static_cast<int>(usertype_detail::is_indexer(n));
			if (is_indexer == 1) {
				indexfunc = o;
				mustindex = true;
			}
			else if (is_indexer == 2) {
				newindexfunc = o;
				mustindex = true;
			}
			auto hint = registrations.find(key);
			if (hint == registrations.cend()) {
				registrations.emplace_hint(hint, std::move(key), std::move(o));
				return;
			}
			hint->second = std::move(o);
		}

		template <typename N, typename F, typename... Args>
		void insert_prepare(std::true_type, lua_State* L, N&&, F&& f, Args&&... args) {
			object o = make_object<F>(L, std::forward<F>(f), function_detail::call_indicator(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			callconstructfunc = std::move(o);
		}

		template <typename N, typename F, typename... Args>
		void insert_prepare(std::false_type, lua_State* L, N&& n, F&& f, Args&&... args) {
			object o = make_object<F>(L, std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			insert(std::forward<N>(n), std::move(o));
		}

		template <typename N, typename F>
		void add_member_function(std::true_type, lua_State* L, N&& n, F&& f) {
			insert_prepare(std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<N>, call_construction>(), L, std::forward<N>(n), std::forward<F>(f), function_detail::class_indicator<T>());
		}

		template <typename N, typename F>
		void add_member_function(std::false_type, lua_State* L, N&& n, F&& f) {
			insert_prepare(std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<N>, call_construction>(), L, std::forward<N>(n), std::forward<F>(f));
		}

		template <typename N, typename F, meta::enable<meta::is_callable<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<F>>> = meta::enabler>
		void add_function(lua_State* L, N&& n, F&& f) {
			object o = make_object(L, as_function_reference(std::forward<F>(f)));
			if (std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<N>, call_construction>::value) {
				callconstructfunc = std::move(o);
				return;
			}
			insert(std::forward<N>(n), std::move(o));
		}

		template <typename N, typename F, meta::disable<meta::is_callable<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<F>>> = meta::enabler>
		void add_function(lua_State* L, N&& n, F&& f) {
			add_member_function(std::is_member_pointer<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<F>>(), L, std::forward<N>(n), std::forward<F>(f));
		}

		template <typename N, typename F, meta::disable<is_variable_binding<meta::unqualified_t<F>>> = meta::enabler>
		void add(lua_State* L, N&& n, F&& f) {
			add_function(L, std::forward<N>(n), std::forward<F>(f));
		}

		template <typename N, typename F, meta::enable<is_variable_binding<meta::unqualified_t<F>>> = meta::enabler>
		void add(lua_State*, N&& n, F&& f) {
			mustindex = true;
			secondarymeta = true;
			std::string key = usertype_detail::make_string(std::forward<N>(n));
			auto o = std::make_unique<usertype_detail::callable_binding<T, std::decay_t<F>>>(std::forward<F>(f));
			auto hint = varmap.find(key);
			if (hint == varmap.cend()) {
				varmap.emplace_hint(hint, std::move(key), std::move(o));
				return;
			}
			hint->second = std::move(o);
		}

		template <typename N, typename... Fxs>
		void add(lua_State* L, N&& n, constructor_wrapper<Fxs...> c) {
			object o(L, in_place_type<detail::tagged<T, constructor_wrapper<Fxs...>>>, std::move(c));
			if (std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<N>, call_construction>::value) {
				callconstructfunc = std::move(o);
				return;
			}
			insert(std::forward<N>(n), std::move(o));
		}

		template <typename N, typename... Lists>
		void add(lua_State* L, N&& n, constructor_list<Lists...> c) {
			object o(L, in_place_type<detail::tagged<T, constructor_list<Lists...>>>, std::move(c));
			if (std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<N>, call_construction>::value) {
				callconstructfunc = std::move(o);
				return;
			}
			insert(std::forward<N>(n), std::move(o));
		}

		template <typename N>
		void add(lua_State* L, N&& n, destructor_wrapper<void> c) {
			object o(L, in_place_type<detail::tagged<T, destructor_wrapper<void>>>, std::move(c));
			if (std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<N>, call_construction>::value) {
				callconstructfunc = std::move(o);
				return;
			}
			insert(std::forward<N>(n), std::move(o));
		}

		template <typename N, typename Fx>
		void add(lua_State* L, N&& n, destructor_wrapper<Fx> c) {
			object o(L, in_place_type<detail::tagged<T, destructor_wrapper<Fx>>>, std::move(c));
			if (std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<N>, call_construction>::value) {
				callconstructfunc = std::move(o);
				return;
			}
			insert(std::forward<N>(n), std::move(o));
		}

		template <typename... Bases>
		void add(lua_State*, base_classes_tag, bases<Bases...>) {
			static_assert(sizeof(usertype_detail::base_walk) <= sizeof(void*), "size of function pointer is greater than sizeof(void*); cannot work on this platform. Please file a bug report.");
			static_assert(!meta::any_same<T, Bases...>::value, "base classes cannot list the original class as part of the bases");
			if (sizeof...(Bases) < 1) {
				return;
			}
			mustindex = true;
			(void)detail::swallow{ 0, ((detail::has_derived<Bases>::value = true), 0)... };

			static_assert(sizeof(void*) <= sizeof(detail::inheritance_check_function), "The size of this data pointer is too small to fit the inheritance checking function: Please file a bug report.");
			static_assert(sizeof(void*) <= sizeof(detail::inheritance_cast_function), "The size of this data pointer is too small to fit the inheritance checking function: Please file a bug report.");
			baseclasscheck = (void*)&detail::inheritance<T, Bases...>::type_check;
			baseclasscast = (void*)&detail::inheritance<T, Bases...>::type_cast;
			indexbaseclasspropogation = usertype_detail::walk_all_bases<true, Bases...>;
			newindexbaseclasspropogation = usertype_detail::walk_all_bases<false, Bases...>;
		}

	private:
		template<std::size_t... I, typename Tuple>
		simple_usertype_metatable(detail::verified_tag, std::index_sequence<I...>, lua_State* L, Tuple&& args)
		: callconstructfunc(lua_nil),
		indexfunc(lua_nil), newindexfunc(lua_nil),
		indexbase(&usertype_detail::simple_core_indexing_call<T, true>), newindexbase(&usertype_detail::simple_core_indexing_call<T, false>),
		indexbaseclasspropogation(usertype_detail::walk_all_bases<true>), newindexbaseclasspropogation(&usertype_detail::walk_all_bases<false>),
		baseclasscheck(nullptr), baseclasscast(nullptr),
		mustindex(false), secondarymeta(false), properties() {
			properties.fill(false);

			(void)detail::swallow{ 0,
				(add(L, detail::forward_get<I * 2>(args), detail::forward_get<I * 2 + 1>(args)),0)...
			};
		}

		template<typename... Args>
		simple_usertype_metatable(lua_State* L, detail::verified_tag v, Args&&... args) : simple_usertype_metatable(v, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args) / 2>(), L, std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {}

		template<typename... Args>
		simple_usertype_metatable(lua_State* L, detail::add_destructor_tag, Args&&... args) : simple_usertype_metatable(L, detail::verified, std::forward<Args>(args)..., "__gc", default_destructor) {}

		template<typename... Args>
		simple_usertype_metatable(lua_State* L, detail::check_destructor_tag, Args&&... args) : simple_usertype_metatable(L, meta::condition<meta::all<std::is_destructible<T>, meta::neg<detail::has_destructor<Args...>>>, detail::add_destructor_tag, detail::verified_tag>(), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}

	public:
		simple_usertype_metatable(lua_State* L) : simple_usertype_metatable(L, meta::condition<meta::all<std::is_default_constructible<T>>, decltype(default_constructor), detail::check_destructor_tag>()) {}

		template<typename Arg, typename... Args, meta::disable_any<
			meta::any_same<meta::unqualified_t<Arg>, 
				detail::verified_tag, 
				detail::add_destructor_tag,
				detail::check_destructor_tag
			>,
			meta::is_specialization_of<constructors, meta::unqualified_t<Arg>>,
			meta::is_specialization_of<constructor_wrapper, meta::unqualified_t<Arg>>
		> = meta::enabler>
		simple_usertype_metatable(lua_State* L, Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) : simple_usertype_metatable(L, meta::condition<meta::all<std::is_default_constructible<T>, meta::neg<detail::has_constructor<Args...>>>, decltype(default_constructor), detail::check_destructor_tag>(), std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}

		template<typename... Args, typename... CArgs>
		simple_usertype_metatable(lua_State* L, constructors<CArgs...> constructorlist, Args&&... args) : simple_usertype_metatable(L, detail::check_destructor_tag(), std::forward<Args>(args)..., "new", constructorlist) {}

		template<typename... Args, typename... Fxs>
		simple_usertype_metatable(lua_State* L, constructor_wrapper<Fxs...> constructorlist, Args&&... args) : simple_usertype_metatable(L, detail::check_destructor_tag(), std::forward<Args>(args)..., "new", constructorlist) {}

		simple_usertype_metatable(const simple_usertype_metatable&) = default;
		simple_usertype_metatable(simple_usertype_metatable&&) = default;
		simple_usertype_metatable& operator=(const simple_usertype_metatable&) = default;
		simple_usertype_metatable& operator=(simple_usertype_metatable&&) = default;

		virtual int push_um(lua_State* L) override {
			return stack::push(L, std::move(*this));
		}
	};

	namespace stack {
		template <typename T>
		struct pusher<simple_usertype_metatable<T>> {
			typedef simple_usertype_metatable<T> umt_t;
			
			static usertype_detail::simple_map& make_cleanup(lua_State* L, umt_t& umx) {
				static int uniqueness = 0;
				std::string uniquegcmetakey = usertype_traits<T>::user_gc_metatable();
				// std::to_string doesn't exist in android still, with NDK, so this bullshit
				// is necessary
				// thanks, Android :v
				int appended = snprintf(nullptr, 0, "%d", uniqueness);
				std::size_t insertionpoint = uniquegcmetakey.length() - 1;
				uniquegcmetakey.append(appended, '\0');
				char* uniquetarget = &uniquegcmetakey[insertionpoint];
				snprintf(uniquetarget, uniquegcmetakey.length(), "%d", uniqueness);
				++uniqueness;

				const char* gcmetakey = &usertype_traits<T>::gc_table()[0];
				stack::push<user<usertype_detail::simple_map>>(L, metatable_key, uniquegcmetakey, &usertype_traits<T>::metatable()[0], 
					umx.indexbaseclasspropogation, umx.newindexbaseclasspropogation, 
					std::move(umx.indexfunc), std::move(umx.newindexfunc),
					std::move(umx.varmap), std::move(umx.registrations)
				);
				stack_reference stackvarmap(L, -1);
				stack::set_field<true>(L, gcmetakey, stackvarmap);
				stackvarmap.pop();

				stack::get_field<true>(L, gcmetakey);
				usertype_detail::simple_map& varmap = stack::pop<light<usertype_detail::simple_map>>(L);
				return varmap;
			}

			static int push(lua_State* L, umt_t&& umx) {
				bool hasindex = umx.indexfunc.valid();
				bool hasnewindex = umx.newindexfunc.valid();
				auto& varmap = make_cleanup(L, umx);
				auto& properties = umx.properties;
				auto sic = hasindex ? &usertype_detail::simple_index_call<T, true> : &usertype_detail::simple_index_call<T, false>;
				auto snic = hasnewindex ? &usertype_detail::simple_new_index_call<T, true> : &usertype_detail::simple_new_index_call<T, false>;
				auto register_kvp = [&](std::size_t meta_index, stack_reference& t, const std::string& first, object& second) {
					meta_function mf = meta_function::construct;
					for (std::size_t j = 1; j < properties.size(); ++j) {
						mf = static_cast<meta_function>(j);
						const std::string& mfname = to_string(mf);
						if (mfname != first)
							continue;
						properties[j] = true;
						switch (mf) {
						case meta_function::index:
							umx.indexfunc = second;
							break;
						case meta_function::new_index:
							umx.newindexfunc = second;
							break;
						default:
							break;
						}
						break;
					}
					switch (meta_index) {
					case 0:
						if (mf == meta_function::garbage_collect) {
							return;
						}
						break;
					case 1:
						if (mf == meta_function::garbage_collect) {
							stack::set_field(L, first, detail::unique_destruct<T>, t.stack_index());
							return;
						}
						break;
					case 2:
					default:
						break;
					}
					stack::set_field(L, first, second, t.stack_index());
				};
				for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
					const char* metakey = nullptr;
					switch (i) {
					case 0:
						metakey = &usertype_traits<T*>::metatable()[0];
						break;
					case 1:
						metakey = &usertype_traits<detail::unique_usertype<T>>::metatable()[0];
						break;
					case 2:
					default:
						metakey = &usertype_traits<T>::metatable()[0];
						break;
					}
					luaL_newmetatable(L, metakey);
					stack_reference t(L, -1);
					for (auto& kvp : varmap.functions) {
						auto& first = std::get<0>(kvp);
						auto& second = std::get<1>(kvp);
						register_kvp(i, t, first, second);
					}
					luaL_Reg opregs[32]{};
					int opregsindex = 0;
					auto prop_fx = [&](meta_function mf) { return !properties[static_cast<int>(mf)]; };
					usertype_detail::insert_default_registrations<T>(opregs, opregsindex, prop_fx);
					t.push();
					luaL_setfuncs(L, opregs, 0);
					t.pop();

					if (umx.baseclasscheck != nullptr) {
						stack::set_field(L, detail::base_class_check_key(), umx.baseclasscheck, t.stack_index());
					}
					if (umx.baseclasscast != nullptr) {
						stack::set_field(L, detail::base_class_cast_key(), umx.baseclasscast, t.stack_index());
					}

					// Base class propagation features
					stack::set_field(L, detail::base_class_index_propogation_key(), umx.indexbase, t.stack_index());
					stack::set_field(L, detail::base_class_new_index_propogation_key(), umx.newindexbase, t.stack_index());

					if (umx.mustindex) {
						// use indexing function
						stack::set_field(L, meta_function::index,
							make_closure(sic,
								nullptr,
								make_light(varmap)
							), t.stack_index());
						stack::set_field(L, meta_function::new_index,
							make_closure(snic,
								nullptr,
								make_light(varmap)
							), t.stack_index());
					}
					else {
						// Metatable indexes itself
						stack::set_field(L, meta_function::index, t, t.stack_index());
					}
					// metatable on the metatable
					// for call constructor purposes and such
					lua_createtable(L, 0, 2 * static_cast<int>(umx.secondarymeta) + static_cast<int>(umx.callconstructfunc.valid()));
					stack_reference metabehind(L, -1);
					if (umx.callconstructfunc.valid()) {
						stack::set_field(L, sol::meta_function::call_function, umx.callconstructfunc, metabehind.stack_index());
					}
					if (umx.secondarymeta) {
						stack::set_field(L, meta_function::index, 
							make_closure(sic,
								nullptr,
								make_light(varmap)
							), metabehind.stack_index());
						stack::set_field(L, meta_function::new_index, 
							make_closure(snic,
								nullptr,
								make_light(varmap)
							), metabehind.stack_index());
					}
					stack::set_field(L, metatable_key, metabehind, t.stack_index());
					metabehind.pop();

					t.pop();
				}

				// Now for the shim-table that actually gets pushed
				luaL_newmetatable(L, &usertype_traits<T>::user_metatable()[0]);
				stack_reference t(L, -1);
				for (auto& kvp : varmap.functions) {
					auto& first = std::get<0>(kvp);
					auto& second = std::get<1>(kvp);
					register_kvp(2, t, first, second);
				}
				{
					lua_createtable(L, 0, 2 + static_cast<int>(umx.callconstructfunc.valid()));
					stack_reference metabehind(L, -1);
					if (umx.callconstructfunc.valid()) {
						stack::set_field(L, sol::meta_function::call_function, umx.callconstructfunc, metabehind.stack_index());
					}
					// use indexing function
					stack::set_field(L, meta_function::index,
						make_closure(sic,
							nullptr,
							make_light(varmap),
							nullptr,
							nullptr,
							usertype_detail::toplevel_magic
						), metabehind.stack_index());
					stack::set_field(L, meta_function::new_index,
						make_closure(snic,
							nullptr,
							make_light(varmap),
							nullptr,
							nullptr,
							usertype_detail::toplevel_magic
						), metabehind.stack_index());
					stack::set_field(L, metatable_key, metabehind, t.stack_index());
					metabehind.pop();
				}

				// Don't pop the table when we're done;
				// return it
				return 1;
			}
		};
	} // stack
} // sol

// end of sol/simple_usertype_metatable.hpp

namespace sol {

	template<typename T>
	class usertype {
	private:
		std::unique_ptr<usertype_detail::registrar, detail::deleter> metatableregister;

		template<typename... Args>
		usertype(detail::verified_tag, Args&&... args) : metatableregister(detail::make_unique_deleter<usertype_metatable<T, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args) / 2>, Args...>, detail::deleter>(std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {
			static_assert(detail::has_destructor<Args...>::value, "this type does not have an explicit destructor declared; please pass a custom destructor function wrapped in sol::destruct, especially if the type does not have an accessible (private) destructor");
		}

		template<typename... Args>
		usertype(detail::add_destructor_tag, Args&&... args) : usertype(detail::verified, std::forward<Args>(args)..., "__gc", default_destructor) {}

		template<typename... Args>
		usertype(detail::check_destructor_tag, Args&&... args) : usertype(meta::condition<meta::all<std::is_destructible<T>, meta::neg<detail::has_destructor<Args...>>>, detail::add_destructor_tag, detail::verified_tag>(), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}

	public:

		template<typename... Args>
		usertype(Args&&... args) : usertype(meta::condition<meta::all<std::is_default_constructible<T>, meta::neg<detail::has_constructor<Args...>>>, decltype(default_constructor), detail::check_destructor_tag>(), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}

		template<typename... Args, typename... CArgs>
		usertype(constructors<CArgs...> constructorlist, Args&&... args) : usertype(detail::check_destructor_tag(), std::forward<Args>(args)..., "new", constructorlist) {}

		template<typename... Args, typename... Fxs>
		usertype(constructor_wrapper<Fxs...> constructorlist, Args&&... args) : usertype(detail::check_destructor_tag(), std::forward<Args>(args)..., "new", constructorlist) {}

		template<typename... Args>
		usertype(simple_tag, lua_State* L, Args&&... args) : metatableregister(detail::make_unique_deleter<simple_usertype_metatable<T>, detail::deleter>(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {}

		usertype_detail::registrar* registrar_data() {
			return metatableregister.get();
		}

		int push(lua_State* L) {
			int r = metatableregister->push_um(L);
			metatableregister = nullptr;
			return r;
		}
	};

	template<typename T>
	class simple_usertype : public usertype<T> {
	private:
		typedef usertype<T> base_t;
		lua_State* state;

	public:
		template<typename... Args>
		simple_usertype(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) : base_t(simple, L, std::forward<Args>(args)...), state(L) {}
		
		template <typename N, typename F>
		void set(N&& n, F&& f) {
			auto meta = static_cast<simple_usertype_metatable<T>*>(base_t::registrar_data());
			meta->add(state, std::forward<N>(n), std::forward<F>(f));
		}
	};

	namespace stack {
		template<typename T>
		struct pusher<usertype<T>> {
			static int push(lua_State* L, usertype<T>& user) {
				return user.push(L);
			}
		};
	} // stack
} // sol

// end of sol/usertype.hpp

// beginning of sol/table_iterator.hpp

namespace sol {

	template <typename reference_type>
	class basic_table_iterator : public std::iterator<std::input_iterator_tag, std::pair<object, object>> {
	private:
		typedef std::iterator<std::input_iterator_tag, std::pair<object, object>> base_t;
	public:
		typedef object key_type;
		typedef object mapped_type;
		typedef base_t::value_type value_type;
		typedef base_t::iterator_category iterator_category;
		typedef base_t::difference_type difference_type;
		typedef base_t::pointer pointer;
		typedef base_t::reference reference;
		typedef const value_type& const_reference;

	private:
		std::pair<object, object> kvp;
		reference_type ref;
		int tableidx = 0;
		int keyidx = 0;
		std::ptrdiff_t idx = 0;

	public:

		basic_table_iterator() : keyidx(-1), idx(-1) {

		}

		basic_table_iterator(reference_type x) : ref(std::move(x)) {
			ref.push();
			tableidx = lua_gettop(ref.lua_state());
			stack::push(ref.lua_state(), lua_nil);
			this->operator++();
			if (idx == -1) {
				return;
			}
			--idx;
		}

		basic_table_iterator& operator++() {
			if (idx == -1)
				return *this;

			if (lua_next(ref.lua_state(), tableidx) == 0) {
				idx = -1;
				keyidx = -1;
				return *this;
			}
			++idx;
			kvp.first = object(ref.lua_state(), -2);
			kvp.second = object(ref.lua_state(), -1);
			lua_pop(ref.lua_state(), 1);
			// leave key on the stack
			keyidx = lua_gettop(ref.lua_state());
			return *this;
		}

		basic_table_iterator operator++(int) {
			auto saved = *this;
			this->operator++();
			return saved;
		}

		reference operator*() {
			return kvp;
		}

		const_reference operator*() const {
			return kvp;
		}

		bool operator== (const basic_table_iterator& right) const {
			return idx == right.idx;
		}

		bool operator!= (const basic_table_iterator& right) const {
			return idx != right.idx;
		}

		~basic_table_iterator() {
			if (keyidx != -1) {
				stack::remove(ref.lua_state(), keyidx, 1);
			}
			if (ref.valid()) {
				stack::remove(ref.lua_state(), tableidx, 1);
			}
		}
	};

} // sol

// end of sol/table_iterator.hpp

namespace sol {
	namespace detail {
		template <std::size_t n>
		struct clean { lua_State* L; clean(lua_State* luastate) : L(luastate) {} ~clean() { lua_pop(L, static_cast<int>(n)); } };
		struct ref_clean { lua_State* L; int& n; ref_clean(lua_State* luastate, int& n) : L(luastate), n(n) {} ~ref_clean() { lua_pop(L, static_cast<int>(n)); } };
		inline int fail_on_newindex(lua_State* L) {
			return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot modify the elements of an enumeration table");
		}
	}

	const new_table create = new_table{};

	template <bool top_level, typename base_type>
	class basic_table_core : public basic_object_base<base_type> {
		typedef basic_object_base<base_type> base_t;
		friend class state;
		friend class state_view;

		template <typename... Args>
		using is_global = meta::all<meta::boolean<top_level>, meta::is_c_str<Args>...>;

		template<typename Fx>
		void for_each(std::true_type, Fx&& fx) const {
			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
			stack::push(base_t::lua_state(), lua_nil);
			while (lua_next(base_t::lua_state(), -2)) {
				sol::object key(base_t::lua_state(), -2);
				sol::object value(base_t::lua_state(), -1);
				std::pair<sol::object&, sol::object&> keyvalue(key, value);
				auto pn = stack::pop_n(base_t::lua_state(), 1);
				fx(keyvalue);
			}
		}

		template<typename Fx>
		void for_each(std::false_type, Fx&& fx) const {
			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
			stack::push(base_t::lua_state(), lua_nil);
			while (lua_next(base_t::lua_state(), -2)) {
				sol::object key(base_t::lua_state(), -2);
				sol::object value(base_t::lua_state(), -1);
				auto pn = stack::pop_n(base_t::lua_state(), 1);
				fx(key, value);
			}
		}

		template<typename Ret0, typename Ret1, typename... Ret, std::size_t... I, typename Keys>
		auto tuple_get(types<Ret0, Ret1, Ret...>, std::index_sequence<0, 1, I...>, Keys&& keys) const
			-> decltype(stack::pop<std::tuple<Ret0, Ret1, Ret...>>(nullptr)) {
			typedef decltype(stack::pop<std::tuple<Ret0, Ret1, Ret...>>(nullptr)) Tup;
			return Tup(
				traverse_get_optional<top_level, Ret0>(meta::is_optional<meta::unqualified_t<Ret0>>(), detail::forward_get<0>(keys)),
				traverse_get_optional<top_level, Ret1>(meta::is_optional<meta::unqualified_t<Ret1>>(), detail::forward_get<1>(keys)),
				traverse_get_optional<top_level, Ret>(meta::is_optional<meta::unqualified_t<Ret>>(), detail::forward_get<I>(keys))...
			);
		}

		template<typename Ret, std::size_t I, typename Keys>
		decltype(auto) tuple_get(types<Ret>, std::index_sequence<I>, Keys&& keys) const {
			return traverse_get_optional<top_level, Ret>(meta::is_optional<meta::unqualified_t<Ret>>(), detail::forward_get<I>(keys));
		}

		template<typename Pairs, std::size_t... I>
		void tuple_set(std::index_sequence<I...>, Pairs&& pairs) {
			auto pp = stack::push_pop<top_level && (is_global<decltype(detail::forward_get<I * 2>(pairs))...>::value)>(*this);
			void(detail::swallow{ (stack::set_field<top_level>(base_t::lua_state(),
				detail::forward_get<I * 2>(pairs),
				detail::forward_get<I * 2 + 1>(pairs),
				lua_gettop(base_t::lua_state())
			), 0)... });
		}

		template <bool global, typename T, typename Key>
		decltype(auto) traverse_get_deep(Key&& key) const {
			stack::get_field<global>(base_t::lua_state(), std::forward<Key>(key));
			return stack::get<T>(base_t::lua_state());
		}

		template <bool global, typename T, typename Key, typename... Keys>
		decltype(auto) traverse_get_deep(Key&& key, Keys&&... keys) const {
			stack::get_field<global>(base_t::lua_state(), std::forward<Key>(key));
			return traverse_get_deep<false, T>(std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
		}

		template <bool global, typename T, std::size_t I, typename Key>
		decltype(auto) traverse_get_deep_optional(int& popcount, Key&& key) const {
			typedef decltype(stack::get<T>(base_t::lua_state())) R;
			auto p = stack::probe_get_field<global>(base_t::lua_state(), std::forward<Key>(key), lua_gettop(base_t::lua_state()));
			popcount += p.levels;
			if (!p.success)
				return R(nullopt);
			return stack::get<T>(base_t::lua_state());
		}

		template <bool global, typename T, std::size_t I, typename Key, typename... Keys>
		decltype(auto) traverse_get_deep_optional(int& popcount, Key&& key, Keys&&... keys) const {
			auto p = I > 0 ? stack::probe_get_field<global>(base_t::lua_state(), std::forward<Key>(key), -1) : stack::probe_get_field<global>(base_t::lua_state(), std::forward<Key>(key), lua_gettop(base_t::lua_state()));
			popcount += p.levels;
			if (!p.success)
				return T(nullopt);
			return traverse_get_deep_optional<false, T, I + 1>(popcount, std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
		}

		template <bool global, typename T, typename... Keys>
		decltype(auto) traverse_get_optional(std::false_type, Keys&&... keys) const {
			detail::clean<sizeof...(Keys)> c(base_t::lua_state());
			return traverse_get_deep<top_level, T>(std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
		}

		template <bool global, typename T, typename... Keys>
		decltype(auto) traverse_get_optional(std::true_type, Keys&&... keys) const {
			int popcount = 0;
			detail::ref_clean c(base_t::lua_state(), popcount);
			return traverse_get_deep_optional<top_level, T, 0>(popcount, std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
		}

		template <bool global, typename Key, typename Value>
		void traverse_set_deep(Key&& key, Value&& value) const {
			stack::set_field<global>(base_t::lua_state(), std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value));
		}

		template <bool global, typename Key, typename... Keys>
		void traverse_set_deep(Key&& key, Keys&&... keys) const {
			stack::get_field<global>(base_t::lua_state(), std::forward<Key>(key));
			traverse_set_deep<false>(std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
		}

		basic_table_core(lua_State* L, detail::global_tag t) noexcept : base_t(L, t) { }
	
	protected:
		basic_table_core(detail::no_safety_tag, lua_State* L, int index) : base_t(L, index) {}
		basic_table_core(detail::no_safety_tag, lua_State* L, ref_index index) : base_t(L, index) {}
		template <typename T, meta::enable<meta::neg<meta::any_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_table_core>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<base_type, stack_reference>>, std::is_base_of<base_type, meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
		basic_table_core(detail::no_safety_tag, T&& r) noexcept : base_t(std::forward<T>(r)) {}
		
	public:
		typedef basic_table_iterator<base_type> iterator;
		typedef iterator const_iterator;

		basic_table_core() noexcept = default;
		basic_table_core(const basic_table_core&) = default;
		basic_table_core(basic_table_core&&) = default;
		basic_table_core& operator=(const basic_table_core&) = default;
		basic_table_core& operator=(basic_table_core&&) = default;
		basic_table_core(const stack_reference& r) : basic_table_core(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {}
		basic_table_core(stack_reference&& r) : basic_table_core(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {}
		template <typename T, meta::enable<meta::neg<is_lua_index<meta::unqualified_t<T>>>> = meta::enabler>
		basic_table_core(lua_State* L, T&& r) : basic_table_core(L, sol::ref_index(r.registry_index())) {}
		basic_table_core(lua_State* L, new_table nt) : base_t(L, (lua_createtable(L, nt.sequence_hint, nt.map_hint), -1)) {
			if (!std::is_base_of<stack_reference, base_type>::value) {
				lua_pop(L, 1);
			}
		}
		basic_table_core(lua_State* L, int index = -1) : basic_table_core(detail::no_safety, L, index) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			constructor_handler handler{};
			stack::check<basic_table_core>(L, index, handler);
#endif // Safety
		}
		basic_table_core(lua_State* L, ref_index index) : basic_table_core(detail::no_safety, L, index) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
			constructor_handler handler{};
			stack::check<basic_table_core>(L, -1, handler);
#endif // Safety
		}
		template <typename T, meta::enable<meta::neg<meta::any_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_table_core>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<base_type, stack_reference>>, std::is_base_of<base_type, meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
		basic_table_core(T&& r) noexcept : basic_table_core(detail::no_safety, std::forward<T>(r)) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			if (!is_table<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
				auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
				constructor_handler handler{};
				stack::check<basic_table_core>(base_t::lua_state(), -1, handler);
			}
#endif // Safety
		}

		iterator begin() const {
			return iterator(*this);
		}

		iterator end() const {
			return iterator();
		}

		const_iterator cbegin() const {
			return begin();
		}

		const_iterator cend() const {
			return end();
		}

		template<typename... Ret, typename... Keys>
		decltype(auto) get(Keys&&... keys) const {
			static_assert(sizeof...(Keys) == sizeof...(Ret), "number of keys and number of return types do not match");
			auto pp = stack::push_pop<is_global<Keys...>::value>(*this);
			return tuple_get(types<Ret...>(), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ret)>(), std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Keys>(keys)...));
		}

		template<typename T, typename Key>
		decltype(auto) get_or(Key&& key, T&& otherwise) const {
			typedef decltype(get<T>("")) U;
			optional<U> option = get<optional<U>>(std::forward<Key>(key));
			if (option) {
				return static_cast<U>(option.value());
			}
			return static_cast<U>(std::forward<T>(otherwise));
		}

		template<typename T, typename Key, typename D>
		decltype(auto) get_or(Key&& key, D&& otherwise) const {
			optional<T> option = get<optional<T>>(std::forward<Key>(key));
			if (option) {
				return static_cast<T>(option.value());
			}
			return static_cast<T>(std::forward<D>(otherwise));
		}

		template <typename T, typename... Keys>
		decltype(auto) traverse_get(Keys&&... keys) const {
			auto pp = stack::push_pop<is_global<Keys...>::value>(*this);
			return traverse_get_optional<top_level, T>(meta::is_optional<meta::unqualified_t<T>>(), std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
		}

		template <typename... Keys>
		basic_table_core& traverse_set(Keys&&... keys) {
			auto pp = stack::push_pop<is_global<Keys...>::value>(*this);
			auto pn = stack::pop_n(base_t::lua_state(), static_cast<int>(sizeof...(Keys)-2));
			traverse_set_deep<top_level>(std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
			return *this;
		}

		template<typename... Args>
		basic_table_core& set(Args&&... args) {
			tuple_set(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args) / 2>(), std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
			return *this;
		}

		template<typename T>
		basic_table_core& set_usertype(usertype<T>& user) {
			return set_usertype(usertype_traits<T>::name(), user);
		}

		template<typename Key, typename T>
		basic_table_core& set_usertype(Key&& key, usertype<T>& user) {
			return set(std::forward<Key>(key), user);
		}

		template<typename Class, typename... Args>
		basic_table_core& new_usertype(const std::string& name, Args&&... args) {
			usertype<Class> utype(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			set_usertype(name, utype);
			return *this;
		}

		template<typename Class, typename CTor0, typename... CTor, typename... Args>
		basic_table_core& new_usertype(const std::string& name, Args&&... args) {
			constructors<types<CTor0, CTor...>> ctor{};
			return new_usertype<Class>(name, ctor, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template<typename Class, typename... CArgs, typename... Args>
		basic_table_core& new_usertype(const std::string& name, constructors<CArgs...> ctor, Args&&... args) {
			usertype<Class> utype(ctor, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			set_usertype(name, utype);
			return *this;
		}

		template<typename Class, typename... Args>
		basic_table_core& new_simple_usertype(const std::string& name, Args&&... args) {
			simple_usertype<Class> utype(base_t::lua_state(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			set_usertype(name, utype);
			return *this;
		}

		template<typename Class, typename CTor0, typename... CTor, typename... Args>
		basic_table_core& new_simple_usertype(const std::string& name, Args&&... args) {
			constructors<types<CTor0, CTor...>> ctor{};
			return new_simple_usertype<Class>(name, ctor, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template<typename Class, typename... CArgs, typename... Args>
		basic_table_core& new_simple_usertype(const std::string& name, constructors<CArgs...> ctor, Args&&... args) {
			simple_usertype<Class> utype(base_t::lua_state(), ctor, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			set_usertype(name, utype);
			return *this;
		}

		template<typename Class, typename... Args>
		simple_usertype<Class> create_simple_usertype(Args&&... args) {
			simple_usertype<Class> utype(base_t::lua_state(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			return utype;
		}

		template<typename Class, typename CTor0, typename... CTor, typename... Args>
		simple_usertype<Class> create_simple_usertype(Args&&... args) {
			constructors<types<CTor0, CTor...>> ctor{};
			return create_simple_usertype<Class>(ctor, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template<typename Class, typename... CArgs, typename... Args>
		simple_usertype<Class> create_simple_usertype(constructors<CArgs...> ctor, Args&&... args) {
			simple_usertype<Class> utype(base_t::lua_state(), ctor, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			return utype;
		}

		template<bool read_only = true, typename... Args>
		basic_table_core& new_enum(const std::string& name, Args&&... args) {
			if (read_only) {
				table idx = create_with(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
				table x = create_with(
					meta_function::new_index, detail::fail_on_newindex,
					meta_function::index, idx
				);
				table target = create_named(name);
				target[metatable_key] = x;
			}
			else {
				create_named(name, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			}
			return *this;
		}

		template<typename Fx>
		void for_each(Fx&& fx) const {
			typedef meta::is_invokable<Fx(std::pair<sol::object, sol::object>)> is_paired;
			for_each(is_paired(), std::forward<Fx>(fx));
		}

		size_t size() const {
			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
			lua_len(base_t::lua_state(), -1);
			return stack::pop<size_t>(base_t::lua_state());
		}

		bool empty() const {
			return cbegin() == cend();
		}

		template<typename T>
		proxy<basic_table_core&, T> operator[](T&& key) & {
			return proxy<basic_table_core&, T>(*this, std::forward<T>(key));
		}

		template<typename T>
		proxy<const basic_table_core&, T> operator[](T&& key) const & {
			return proxy<const basic_table_core&, T>(*this, std::forward<T>(key));
		}

		template<typename T>
		proxy<basic_table_core, T> operator[](T&& key) && {
			return proxy<basic_table_core, T>(*this, std::forward<T>(key));
		}

		template<typename Sig, typename Key, typename... Args>
		basic_table_core& set_function(Key&& key, Args&&... args) {
			set_fx(types<Sig>(), std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			return *this;
		}

		template<typename Key, typename... Args>
		basic_table_core& set_function(Key&& key, Args&&... args) {
			set_fx(types<>(), std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			return *this;
		}

		template <typename... Args>
		basic_table_core& add(Args&&... args) {
			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
			(void)detail::swallow{0, 
				(stack::set_ref(base_t::lua_state(), std::forward<Args>(args)), 0)...
			};
			return *this;
		}

	private:
		template<typename R, typename... Args, typename Fx, typename Key, typename = std::result_of_t<Fx(Args...)>>
		void set_fx(types<R(Args...)>, Key&& key, Fx&& fx) {
			set_resolved_function<R(Args...)>(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Fx>(fx));
		}

		template<typename Fx, typename Key, meta::enable<meta::is_specialization_of<overload_set, meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>> = meta::enabler>
		void set_fx(types<>, Key&& key, Fx&& fx) {
			set(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Fx>(fx));
		}

		template<typename Fx, typename Key, typename... Args, meta::disable<meta::is_specialization_of<overload_set, meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>> = meta::enabler>
		void set_fx(types<>, Key&& key, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
			set(std::forward<Key>(key), as_function_reference(std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...));
		}

		template<typename... Sig, typename... Args, typename Key>
		void set_resolved_function(Key&& key, Args&&... args) {
			set(std::forward<Key>(key), as_function_reference<function_sig<Sig...>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
		}

	public:
		static inline table create(lua_State* L, int narr = 0, int nrec = 0) {
			lua_createtable(L, narr, nrec);
			table result(L);
			lua_pop(L, 1);
			return result;
		}

		template <typename Key, typename Value, typename... Args>
		static inline table create(lua_State* L, int narr, int nrec, Key&& key, Value&& value, Args&&... args) {
			lua_createtable(L, narr, nrec);
			table result(L);
			result.set(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			lua_pop(L, 1);
			return result;
		}

		template <typename... Args>
		static inline table create_with(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
			static_assert(sizeof...(Args) % 2 == 0, "You must have an even number of arguments for a key, value ... list.");
			static const int narr = static_cast<int>(meta::count_2_for_pack<std::is_integral, Args...>::value);
			return create(L, narr, static_cast<int>((sizeof...(Args) / 2) - narr), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		table create(int narr = 0, int nrec = 0) {
			return create(base_t::lua_state(), narr, nrec);
		}

		template <typename Key, typename Value, typename... Args>
		table create(int narr, int nrec, Key&& key, Value&& value, Args&&... args) {
			return create(base_t::lua_state(), narr, nrec, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template <typename Name>
		table create(Name&& name, int narr = 0, int nrec = 0) {
			table x = create(base_t::lua_state(), narr, nrec);
			this->set(std::forward<Name>(name), x);
			return x;
		}

		template <typename Name, typename Key, typename Value, typename... Args>
		table create(Name&& name, int narr, int nrec, Key&& key, Value&& value, Args&&... args) {
			table x = create(base_t::lua_state(), narr, nrec, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			this->set(std::forward<Name>(name), x);
			return x;
		}

		template <typename... Args>
		table create_with(Args&&... args) {
			return create_with(base_t::lua_state(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template <typename Name, typename... Args>
		table create_named(Name&& name, Args&&... args) {
			static const int narr = static_cast<int>(meta::count_2_for_pack<std::is_integral, Args...>::value);
			return create(std::forward<Name>(name), narr, sizeof...(Args) / 2 - narr, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		~basic_table_core() {

		}
	};
} // sol

// end of sol/table_core.hpp

namespace sol {
	typedef table_core<false> table;

	namespace stack {
		template <>
		struct getter<metatable_t> {
			static table get(lua_State* L, int index = -1) {
				if (lua_getmetatable(L, index) == 0) {
					return table(L, ref_index(LUA_REFNIL));
				}
				return table(L, -1);
			}
		};
	} // stack
} // sol

// end of sol/table.hpp

// beginning of sol/environment.hpp

namespace sol {

	template <typename base_type>
	struct basic_environment : basic_table<base_type> {
	private:
		typedef basic_table<base_type> base_t;

	public:
		using base_t::lua_state;

		basic_environment() noexcept = default;
		basic_environment(const basic_environment&) = default;
		basic_environment(basic_environment&&) = default;
		basic_environment& operator=(const basic_environment&) = default;
		basic_environment& operator=(basic_environment&&) = default;
		basic_environment(const stack_reference& r) : basic_environment(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {}
		basic_environment(stack_reference&& r) : basic_environment(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {}

		basic_environment(lua_State* L, new_table nt) : base_t(L, std::move(nt)) {}
		basic_environment(lua_State* L, new_table t, const reference& fallback) : basic_environment(L, std::move(t)) {
			sol::stack_table mt(L, sol::new_table(0, 1));
			mt.set(sol::meta_function::index, fallback);
			this->set(metatable_key, mt);
			mt.pop();
		}

		basic_environment(env_t, const stack_reference& extraction_target) : base_t(detail::no_safety, extraction_target.lua_state(), (stack::push_environment_of(extraction_target), -1)) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			constructor_handler handler{};
			stack::check<env_t>(this->lua_state(), -1, handler);
#endif // Safety
			lua_pop(this->lua_state(), 2);
		}
		basic_environment(env_t, const reference& extraction_target) : base_t(detail::no_safety, extraction_target.lua_state(), (stack::push_environment_of(extraction_target), -1)) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			constructor_handler handler{};
			stack::check<env_t>(this->lua_state(), -1, handler);
#endif // Safety
			lua_pop(this->lua_state(), 2);
		}
		basic_environment(lua_State* L, int index = -1) : base_t(detail::no_safety, L, index) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			constructor_handler handler{};
			stack::check<basic_environment>(L, index, handler);
#endif // Safety
		}
		basic_environment(lua_State* L, ref_index index) : base_t(detail::no_safety, L, index) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
			constructor_handler handler{};
			stack::check<basic_environment>(L, -1, handler);
#endif // Safety
		}
		template <typename T, meta::enable<meta::neg<meta::any_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_environment>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<base_type, stack_reference>>, std::is_base_of<base_type, meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
		basic_environment(T&& r) noexcept : base_t(detail::no_safety, std::forward<T>(r)) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			if (!is_environment<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
				auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
				constructor_handler handler{};
				stack::check<basic_environment>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
			}
#endif // Safety
		}

		template <typename T>
		void set_on(const T& target) const {
			lua_State* L = target.lua_state();
			auto pp = stack::push_pop(target);
#if SOL_LUA_VERSION < 502
			// Use lua_setfenv
			this->push();
			lua_setfenv(L, -2);
#else
			// Use upvalues as explained in Lua 5.2 and beyond's manual
			this->push();
			const char* name = lua_setupvalue(L, -2, 1);
			if (name == nullptr) {
				this->pop();
			}
#endif
		}
	};

	template <typename T, typename E>
	void set_environment(const basic_environment<E>& env, const T& target) {
		env.set_on(target);
	}

	template <typename E = reference, typename T>
	basic_environment<E> get_environment(const T& target) {
		lua_State* L = target.lua_state();
		auto pp = stack::pop_n(L, stack::push_environment_of(target));
		return basic_environment<E>(L, -1);
	}

	struct this_environment {
		optional<environment> env;

		this_environment() : env(nullopt) {}
		this_environment(sol::environment e) : env(std::move(e)) {}
		this_environment(const this_environment&) = default;
		this_environment(this_environment&&) = default;
		this_environment& operator=(const this_environment&) = default;
		this_environment& operator=(this_environment&&) = default;

		explicit operator bool() const {
			return static_cast<bool>(env);
		}

		operator optional<environment>& () {
			return env;
		}

		operator const optional<environment>& () const {
			return env;
		}

		operator environment& () {
			return env.value();
		}

		operator const environment& () const {
			return env.value();
		}
	};

	namespace stack {
		template <>
		struct getter<env_t> {
			static environment get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				return get_environment(stack_reference(L, raw_index(index)));
			}
		};

		template <>
		struct getter<this_environment> {
			static this_environment get(lua_State* L, int, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(0);
				lua_Debug info;
				// Level 0 means current function (this C function, which may or may not be useful for us?)
				// Level 1 means next call frame up the stack. (Can be nothing if function called directly from C++ with lua_p/call)
				int pre_stack_size = lua_gettop(L);
				if (lua_getstack(L, 1, &info) != 1) {
					if (lua_getstack(L, 0, &info) != 1) {
						lua_settop(L, pre_stack_size);
						return this_environment();
					}
				}
				if (lua_getinfo(L, "f", &info) == 0) {
					lua_settop(L, pre_stack_size);
					return this_environment();
				}

				sol::stack_reference f(L, -1);
				sol::environment env(sol::env_key, f);
				if (!env.valid()) {
					lua_settop(L, pre_stack_size);
					return this_environment();
				}
				return this_environment(std::move(env));
			}
		};
	} // stack
} // sol

// end of sol/environment.hpp

// beginning of sol/load_result.hpp

namespace sol {
	struct load_result : public proxy_base<load_result> {
	private:
		lua_State* L;
		int index;
		int returncount;
		int popcount;
		load_status err;

		template <typename T>
		decltype(auto) tagged_get(types<optional<T>>) const {
			if (!valid()) {
				return optional<T>(nullopt);
			}
			return stack::get<optional<T>>(L, index);
		}

		template <typename T>
		decltype(auto) tagged_get(types<T>) const {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			if (!valid()) {
				type_panic_c_str(L, index, type_of(L, index), type::none, "");
			}
#endif // Check Argument Safety
			return stack::get<T>(L, index);
		}

		optional<error> tagged_get(types<optional<error>>) const {
			if (valid()) {
				return nullopt;
			}
			return error(detail::direct_error, stack::get<std::string>(L, index));
		}

		error tagged_get(types<error>) const {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			if (valid()) {
				type_panic_c_str(L, index, type_of(L, index), type::none);
			}
#endif // Check Argument Safety
			return error(detail::direct_error, stack::get<std::string>(L, index));
		}

	public:
		load_result() = default;
		load_result(lua_State* Ls, int stackindex = -1, int retnum = 0, int popnum = 0, load_status lerr = load_status::ok) noexcept : L(Ls), index(stackindex), returncount(retnum), popcount(popnum), err(lerr) {

		}
		load_result(const load_result&) = default;
		load_result& operator=(const load_result&) = default;
		load_result(load_result&& o) noexcept : L(o.L), index(o.index), returncount(o.returncount), popcount(o.popcount), err(o.err) {
			// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
			// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
			// but we will be thorough
			o.L = nullptr;
			o.index = 0;
			o.returncount = 0;
			o.popcount = 0;
			o.err = load_status::syntax;
		}
		load_result& operator=(load_result&& o) noexcept {
			L = o.L;
			index = o.index;
			returncount = o.returncount;
			popcount = o.popcount;
			err = o.err;
			// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
			// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
			// but we will be thorough
			o.L = nullptr;
			o.index = 0;
			o.returncount = 0;
			o.popcount = 0;
			o.err = load_status::syntax;
			return *this;
		}

		load_status status() const noexcept {
			return err;
		}

		bool valid() const noexcept {
			return status() == load_status::ok;
		}

		template<typename T>
		T get() const {
			return tagged_get(types<meta::unqualified_t<T>>());
		}

		template<typename... Ret, typename... Args>
		decltype(auto) call(Args&&... args) {
			return get<protected_function>().template call<Ret...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template<typename... Args>
		decltype(auto) operator()(Args&&... args) {
			return call<>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		lua_State* lua_state() const noexcept { return L; };
		int stack_index() const noexcept { return index; };

		~load_result() {
			stack::remove(L, index, popcount);
		}
	};
} // sol

// end of sol/load_result.hpp

namespace sol {
	enum class lib : char {
		base,
		package,
		coroutine,
		string,
		os,
		math,
		table,
		debug,
		bit32,
		io,
		ffi,
		jit,
		utf8,
		count
	};

	inline std::size_t total_memory_used(lua_State* L) {
		std::size_t kb = lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOUNT, 0);
		kb *= 1024;
		kb += lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOUNTB, 0);
		return kb;
	}

	inline protected_function_result script_pass_on_error(lua_State*, sol::protected_function_result result) {
		return result;
	}

	inline protected_function_result script_default_on_error(lua_State* L, protected_function_result pfr) {
		type t = type_of(L, pfr.stack_index());
		std::string err = "sol: ";
		err += to_string(pfr.status());
		err += " error:";
		if (t == type::string) {
			err += " ";
			string_view serr = stack::get<string_view>(L, pfr.stack_index());
			err.append(serr.data(), serr.size());
		}
#ifdef SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS
		// replacing information of stack error into pfr
		if (t != type::none) {
			lua_pop(L, 1);
		}
		stack::push(L, err);
#else
		// just throw our error
		throw error(detail::direct_error, err);
#endif
		return pfr;
	}

	class state_view {
	private:
		lua_State* L;
		table reg;
		global_table global;

		optional<object> is_loaded_package(const std::string& key) {
			auto loaded = reg.traverse_get<optional<object>>("_LOADED", key);
			bool is53mod = loaded && !(loaded->is<bool>() && !loaded->as<bool>());
			if (is53mod)
				return loaded;
#if SOL_LUA_VERSION <= 501
			auto loaded51 = global.traverse_get<optional<object>>("package", "loaded", key);
			bool is51mod = loaded51 && !(loaded51->is<bool>() && !loaded51->as<bool>());
			if (is51mod)
				return loaded51;
#endif
			return nullopt;
		}

		template <typename T>
		void ensure_package(const std::string& key, T&& sr) {
#if SOL_LUA_VERSION <= 501
			auto pkg = global["package"];
			if (!pkg.valid()) {
				pkg = create_table_with("loaded", create_table_with(key, sr));
			}
			else {
				auto ld = pkg["loaded"];
				if (!ld.valid()) {
					ld = create_table_with(key, sr);
				}
				else {
					ld[key] = sr;
				}
			}
#endif
			auto loaded = reg["_LOADED"];
			if (!loaded.valid()) {
				loaded = create_table_with(key, sr);
			}
			else {
				loaded[key] = sr;
			}
		}

		template <typename Fx>
		object require_core(const std::string& key, Fx&& action, bool create_global = true) {
			optional<object> loaded = is_loaded_package(key);
			if (loaded && loaded->valid())
				return std::move(*loaded);
			action();
			auto sr = stack::get<stack_reference>(L);
			if (create_global)
				set(key, sr);
			ensure_package(key, sr);
			return stack::pop<object>(L);
		}

	public:
		typedef global_table::iterator iterator;
		typedef global_table::const_iterator const_iterator;

		state_view(lua_State* Ls) :
			L(Ls),
			reg(Ls, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX),
			global(Ls, detail::global_) {

		}

		state_view(this_state Ls) : state_view(Ls.L) {

		}

		lua_State* lua_state() const {
			return L;
		}

		template<typename... Args>
		void open_libraries(Args&&... args) {
			static_assert(meta::all_same<lib, Args...>::value, "all types must be libraries");
			if (sizeof...(args) == 0) {
				luaL_openlibs(L);
				return;
			}

			lib libraries[1 + sizeof...(args)] = { lib::count, std::forward<Args>(args)... };

			for (auto&& library : libraries) {
				switch (library) {
#if SOL_LUA_VERSION <= 501 && defined(SOL_LUAJIT)
				case lib::coroutine:
#endif // luajit opens coroutine base stuff
				case lib::base:
					luaL_requiref(L, "base", luaopen_base, 1);
					lua_pop(L, 1);
					break;
				case lib::package:
					luaL_requiref(L, "package", luaopen_package, 1);
					lua_pop(L, 1);
					break;
#if !defined(SOL_LUAJIT)
				case lib::coroutine:
#if SOL_LUA_VERSION > 501
					luaL_requiref(L, "coroutine", luaopen_coroutine, 1);
					lua_pop(L, 1);
#endif // Lua 5.2+ only
					break;
#endif // Not LuaJIT - comes builtin
				case lib::string:
					luaL_requiref(L, "string", luaopen_string, 1);
					lua_pop(L, 1);
					break;
				case lib::table:
					luaL_requiref(L, "table", luaopen_table, 1);
					lua_pop(L, 1);
					break;
				case lib::math:
					luaL_requiref(L, "math", luaopen_math, 1);
					lua_pop(L, 1);
					break;
				case lib::bit32:
#ifdef SOL_LUAJIT
					luaL_requiref(L, "bit32", luaopen_bit, 1);
					lua_pop(L, 1);
#elif (SOL_LUA_VERSION == 502) || defined(LUA_COMPAT_BITLIB)  || defined(LUA_COMPAT_5_2)
					luaL_requiref(L, "bit32", luaopen_bit32, 1);
					lua_pop(L, 1);
#else
#endif // Lua 5.2 only (deprecated in 5.3 (503)) (Can be turned on with Compat flags)
					break;
				case lib::io:
					luaL_requiref(L, "io", luaopen_io, 1);
					lua_pop(L, 1);
					break;
				case lib::os:
					luaL_requiref(L, "os", luaopen_os, 1);
					lua_pop(L, 1);
					break;
				case lib::debug:
					luaL_requiref(L, "debug", luaopen_debug, 1);
					lua_pop(L, 1);
					break;
				case lib::utf8:
#if SOL_LUA_VERSION > 502 && !defined(SOL_LUAJIT)
					luaL_requiref(L, "utf8", luaopen_utf8, 1);
					lua_pop(L, 1);
#endif // Lua 5.3+ only
					break;
				case lib::ffi:
#ifdef SOL_LUAJIT
					luaL_requiref(L, "ffi", luaopen_ffi, 1);
					lua_pop(L, 1);
#endif // LuaJIT only
					break;
				case lib::jit:
#ifdef SOL_LUAJIT
					luaL_requiref(L, "jit", luaopen_jit, 0);
					lua_pop(L, 1);
#endif // LuaJIT Only
					break;
				case lib::count:
				default:
					break;
				}
			}
		}

		object require(const std::string& key, lua_CFunction open_function, bool create_global = true) {
			luaL_requiref(L, key.c_str(), open_function, create_global ? 1 : 0);
			return stack::pop<object>(L);
		}

		object require_script(const std::string& key, const string_view& code, bool create_global = true, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			return require_core(key, [this, &code, &chunkname, &mode]() {stack::script(L, code, chunkname, mode); }, create_global);
		}

		object require_file(const std::string& key, const std::string& filename, bool create_global = true, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			return require_core(key, [this, &filename, &mode]() {stack::script_file(L, filename, mode); }, create_global);
		}

		template <typename E>
		protected_function_result do_string(const string_view& code, const basic_environment<E>& env, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			char basechunkname[17] = {};
			const char* chunknametarget = detail::make_chunk_name(code, chunkname, basechunkname);
			load_status x = static_cast<load_status>(luaL_loadbufferx(L, code.data(), code.size(), chunknametarget, to_string(mode).c_str()));
			if (x != load_status::ok) {
				return protected_function_result(L, absolute_index(L, -1), 0, 1, static_cast<call_status>(x));
			}
			stack_aligned_protected_function pf(L, -1);
			set_environment(env, pf);
			return pf();
		}

		template <typename E>
		protected_function_result do_file(const std::string& filename, const basic_environment<E>& env, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			load_status x = static_cast<load_status>(luaL_loadfilex(L, filename.c_str(), to_string(mode).c_str()));
			if (x != load_status::ok) {
				return protected_function_result(L, absolute_index(L, -1), 0, 1, static_cast<call_status>(x));
			}
			stack_aligned_protected_function pf(L, -1);
			set_environment(env, pf);
			return pf();
		}

		protected_function_result do_string(const string_view& code, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			char basechunkname[17] = {};
			const char* chunknametarget = detail::make_chunk_name(code, chunkname, basechunkname);
			load_status x = static_cast<load_status>(luaL_loadbufferx(L, code.data(), code.size(), chunknametarget, to_string(mode).c_str()));
			if (x != load_status::ok) {
				return protected_function_result(L, absolute_index(L, -1), 0, 1, static_cast<call_status>(x));
			}
			stack_aligned_protected_function pf(L, -1);
			return pf();
		}

		protected_function_result do_file(const std::string& filename, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			load_status x = static_cast<load_status>(luaL_loadfilex(L, filename.c_str(), to_string(mode).c_str()));
			if (x != load_status::ok) {
				return protected_function_result(L, absolute_index(L, -1), 0, 1, static_cast<call_status>(x));
			}
			stack_aligned_protected_function pf(L, -1);
			return pf();
		}

		template <typename Fx, meta::disable<meta::is_specialization_of<basic_environment, meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>> = meta::enabler>
		protected_function_result safe_script(const string_view& code, Fx&& on_error, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			protected_function_result pfr = do_string(code, chunkname, mode);
			if (!pfr.valid()) {
				return on_error(L, std::move(pfr));
			}
			return pfr;
		}

		template <typename Fx, typename E>
		protected_function_result safe_script(const string_view& code, const basic_environment<E>& env, Fx&& on_error, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			protected_function_result pfr = do_string(code, env, chunkname, mode);
			if (!pfr.valid()) {
				return on_error(L, std::move(pfr));
			}
			return pfr;
		}

		template <typename E>
		protected_function_result safe_script(const string_view&  code, const basic_environment<E>& env, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			return safe_script(code, env, script_default_on_error, chunkname, mode);
		}

		protected_function_result safe_script(const string_view&  code, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			return safe_script(code, script_default_on_error, chunkname, mode);
		}

		template <typename Fx, meta::disable<meta::is_specialization_of<basic_environment, meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>> = meta::enabler>
		protected_function_result safe_script_file(const std::string& filename, Fx&& on_error, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			protected_function_result pfr = do_file(filename, mode);
			if (!pfr.valid()) {
				return on_error(L, std::move(pfr));
			}
			return pfr;
		}

		template <typename Fx, typename E>
		protected_function_result safe_script_file(const std::string& filename, const basic_environment<E>& env, Fx&& on_error, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			protected_function_result pfr = do_file(filename, env, mode);
			if (!pfr.valid()) {
				return on_error(L, std::move(pfr));
			}
			return pfr;
		}

		template <typename E>
		protected_function_result safe_script_file(const std::string& filename, const basic_environment<E>& env, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			return safe_script_file(filename, env, script_default_on_error, mode);
		}

		protected_function_result safe_script_file(const std::string& filename, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			return safe_script_file(filename, script_default_on_error, mode);
		}

		template <typename E>
		function_result unsafe_script(const string_view& code, const sol::basic_environment<E>& env, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			char basechunkname[17] = {};
			const char* chunknametarget = detail::make_chunk_name(code, chunkname, basechunkname);
			int index = lua_gettop(L);
			if (luaL_loadbufferx(L, code.data(), code.size(), chunknametarget, to_string(mode).c_str())) {
				lua_error(L);
			}
			set_environment(env, stack_reference(L, raw_index(index + 1)));
			if (lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0)) {
				lua_error(L);
			}
			int postindex = lua_gettop(L);
			int returns = postindex - index;
			return function_result(L, (std::max)(postindex - (returns - 1), 1), returns);
		}

		function_result unsafe_script(const string_view& code, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			int index = lua_gettop(L);
			stack::script(L, code, chunkname, mode);
			int postindex = lua_gettop(L);
			int returns = postindex - index;
			return function_result(L, (std::max)(postindex - (returns - 1), 1), returns);
		}

		template <typename E>
		function_result unsafe_script_file(const std::string& filename, const sol::basic_environment<E>& env, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			int index = lua_gettop(L);
			if (luaL_loadfilex(L, filename.c_str(), to_string(mode).c_str())) {
				lua_error(L);
			}
			set_environment(env, stack_reference(L, raw_index(index + 1)));
			if (lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0)) {
				lua_error(L);
			}
			int postindex = lua_gettop(L);
			int returns = postindex - index;
			return function_result(L, (std::max)(postindex - (returns - 1), 1), returns);
		}

		function_result unsafe_script_file(const std::string& filename, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			int index = lua_gettop(L);
			stack::script_file(L, filename, mode);
			int postindex = lua_gettop(L);
			int returns = postindex - index;
			return function_result(L, (std::max)(postindex - (returns - 1), 1), returns);
		}

		template <typename Fx, meta::disable<meta::is_specialization_of<basic_environment, meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>> = meta::enabler>
		protected_function_result script(const string_view& code, Fx&& on_error, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			return safe_script(code, std::forward<Fx>(on_error), chunkname, mode);
		}

		template <typename Fx, meta::disable<meta::is_specialization_of<basic_environment, meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>> = meta::enabler>
		protected_function_result script_file(const std::string& filename, Fx&& on_error, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			return safe_script_file(filename, std::forward<Fx>(on_error), mode);
		}

		template <typename Fx, typename E>
		protected_function_result script(const string_view& code, const basic_environment<E>& env, Fx&& on_error, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			return safe_script(code, env, std::forward<Fx>(on_error), chunkname, mode);
		}

		template <typename Fx, typename E>
		protected_function_result script_file(const std::string& filename, const basic_environment<E>& env, Fx&& on_error, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			return safe_script_file(filename, env, std::forward<Fx>(on_error), mode);
		}

		protected_function_result script(const string_view&  code, const environment& env, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			return safe_script(code, env, script_default_on_error, chunkname, mode);
		}

		protected_function_result script_file(const std::string& filename, const environment& env, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			return safe_script_file(filename, env, script_default_on_error, mode);
		}

#ifdef SOL_SAFE_FUNCTIONS
		protected_function_result script(const string_view& code, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			return safe_script(code, chunkname, mode);
		}

		protected_function_result script_file(const std::string& filename, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			return safe_script_file(filename, mode);
		}
#else
		function_result script(const string_view& code, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			return unsafe_script(code, chunkname, mode);
		}

		function_result script_file(const std::string& filename, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			return unsafe_script_file(filename, mode);
		}
#endif
		load_result load(const string_view& code, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			char basechunkname[17] = {};
			const char* chunknametarget = detail::make_chunk_name(code, chunkname, basechunkname);
			load_status x = static_cast<load_status>(luaL_loadbufferx(L, code.data(), code.size(), chunknametarget, to_string(mode).c_str()));
			return load_result(L, absolute_index(L, -1), 1, 1, x);
		}

		load_result load_buffer(const char* buff, size_t size, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			return load(string_view(buff, size), chunkname, mode);
		}

		load_result load_file(const std::string& filename, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			load_status x = static_cast<load_status>(luaL_loadfilex(L, filename.c_str(), to_string(mode).c_str()));
			return load_result(L, absolute_index(L, -1), 1, 1, x);
		}

		load_result load(lua_Reader reader, void* data, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
			char basechunkname[17] = {};
			const char* chunknametarget = detail::make_chunk_name("lua_Reader", chunkname, basechunkname);
#if SOL_LUA_VERSION > 501
			load_status x = static_cast<load_status>(lua_load(L, reader, data, chunknametarget, to_string(mode).c_str()));
#else
			(void)mode;
			load_status x = static_cast<load_status>(lua_load(L, reader, data, chunknametarget));
#endif
			return load_result(L, absolute_index(L, -1), 1, 1, x);
		}

		iterator begin() const {
			return global.begin();
		}

		iterator end() const {
			return global.end();
		}

		const_iterator cbegin() const {
			return global.cbegin();
		}

		const_iterator cend() const {
			return global.cend();
		}

		global_table globals() const {
			return global;
		}

		table registry() const {
			return reg;
		}

		std::size_t memory_used() const {
			return total_memory_used(lua_state());
		}

		int stack_top() const {
			return stack::top(L);
		}

		void collect_garbage() {
			lua_gc(lua_state(), LUA_GCCOLLECT, 0);
		}

		operator lua_State* () const {
			return lua_state();
		}

		void set_panic(lua_CFunction panic) {
			lua_atpanic(L, panic);
		}

		template<typename... Args, typename... Keys>
		decltype(auto) get(Keys&&... keys) const {
			return global.get<Args...>(std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
		}

		template<typename T, typename Key>
		decltype(auto) get_or(Key&& key, T&& otherwise) const {
			return global.get_or(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<T>(otherwise));
		}

		template<typename T, typename Key, typename D>
		decltype(auto) get_or(Key&& key, D&& otherwise) const {
			return global.get_or<T>(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<D>(otherwise));
		}

		template<typename... Args>
		state_view& set(Args&&... args) {
			global.set(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			return *this;
		}

		template<typename T, typename... Keys>
		decltype(auto) traverse_get(Keys&&... keys) const {
			return global.traverse_get<T>(std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
		}

		template<typename... Args>
		state_view& traverse_set(Args&&... args) {
			global.traverse_set(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			return *this;
		}

		template<typename T>
		state_view& set_usertype(usertype<T>& user) {
			return set_usertype(usertype_traits<T>::name(), user);
		}

		template<typename Key, typename T>
		state_view& set_usertype(Key&& key, usertype<T>& user) {
			global.set_usertype(std::forward<Key>(key), user);
			return *this;
		}

		template<typename Class, typename... Args>
		state_view& new_usertype(const std::string& name, Args&&... args) {
			global.new_usertype<Class>(name, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			return *this;
		}

		template<typename Class, typename CTor0, typename... CTor, typename... Args>
		state_view& new_usertype(const std::string& name, Args&&... args) {
			global.new_usertype<Class, CTor0, CTor...>(name, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			return *this;
		}

		template<typename Class, typename... CArgs, typename... Args>
		state_view& new_usertype(const std::string& name, constructors<CArgs...> ctor, Args&&... args) {
			global.new_usertype<Class>(name, ctor, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			return *this;
		}

		template<typename Class, typename... Args>
		state_view& new_simple_usertype(const std::string& name, Args&&... args) {
			global.new_simple_usertype<Class>(name, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			return *this;
		}

		template<typename Class, typename CTor0, typename... CTor, typename... Args>
		state_view& new_simple_usertype(const std::string& name, Args&&... args) {
			global.new_simple_usertype<Class, CTor0, CTor...>(name, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			return *this;
		}
		
		template<typename Class, typename... CArgs, typename... Args>
		state_view& new_simple_usertype(const std::string& name, constructors<CArgs...> ctor, Args&&... args) {
			global.new_simple_usertype<Class>(name, ctor, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			return *this;
		}

		template<typename Class, typename... Args>
		simple_usertype<Class> create_simple_usertype(Args&&... args) {
			return global.create_simple_usertype<Class>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template<typename Class, typename CTor0, typename... CTor, typename... Args>
		simple_usertype<Class> create_simple_usertype(Args&&... args) {
			return global.create_simple_usertype<Class, CTor0, CTor...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template<typename Class, typename... CArgs, typename... Args>
		simple_usertype<Class> create_simple_usertype(constructors<CArgs...> ctor, Args&&... args) {
			return global.create_simple_usertype<Class>(ctor, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template<bool read_only = true, typename... Args>
		state_view& new_enum(const std::string& name, Args&&... args) {
			global.new_enum<read_only>(name, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			return *this;
		}

		template <typename Fx>
		void for_each(Fx&& fx) {
			global.for_each(std::forward<Fx>(fx));
		}

		template<typename T>
		proxy<global_table&, T> operator[](T&& key) {
			return global[std::forward<T>(key)];
		}

		template<typename T>
		proxy<const global_table&, T> operator[](T&& key) const {
			return global[std::forward<T>(key)];
		}

		template<typename Sig, typename... Args, typename Key>
		state_view& set_function(Key&& key, Args&&... args) {
			global.set_function<Sig>(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			return *this;
		}

		template<typename... Args, typename Key>
		state_view& set_function(Key&& key, Args&&... args) {
			global.set_function(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			return *this;
		}

		template <typename Name>
		table create_table(Name&& name, int narr = 0, int nrec = 0) {
			return global.create(std::forward<Name>(name), narr, nrec);
		}

		template <typename Name, typename Key, typename Value, typename... Args>
		table create_table(Name&& name, int narr, int nrec, Key&& key, Value&& value, Args&&... args) {
			return global.create(std::forward<Name>(name), narr, nrec, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template <typename Name, typename... Args>
		table create_named_table(Name&& name, Args&&... args) {
			table x = global.create_with(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			global.set(std::forward<Name>(name), x);
			return x;
		}

		table create_table(int narr = 0, int nrec = 0) {
			return create_table(lua_state(), narr, nrec);
		}

		template <typename Key, typename Value, typename... Args>
		table create_table(int narr, int nrec, Key&& key, Value&& value, Args&&... args) {
			return create_table(lua_state(), narr, nrec, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template <typename... Args>
		table create_table_with(Args&&... args) {
			return create_table_with(lua_state(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		static inline table create_table(lua_State* L, int narr = 0, int nrec = 0) {
			return global_table::create(L, narr, nrec);
		}

		template <typename Key, typename Value, typename... Args>
		static inline table create_table(lua_State* L, int narr, int nrec, Key&& key, Value&& value, Args&&... args) {
			return global_table::create(L, narr, nrec, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template <typename... Args>
		static inline table create_table_with(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
			return global_table::create_with(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}
	};
} // sol

// end of sol/state_view.hpp

namespace sol {

	namespace detail {
		inline int default_at_panic(lua_State* L) {
#ifdef SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS
			(void)L;
			return -1;
#else
			size_t messagesize;
			const char* message = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &messagesize);
			if (message) {
				std::string err(message, messagesize);
				lua_settop(L, 0);
				throw error(err);
			}
			lua_settop(L, 0);
			throw error(std::string("An unexpected error occurred and forced the lua state to call atpanic"));
#endif
		}

		inline int default_traceback_error_handler(lua_State*L) {
			using namespace sol;
			std::string msg = "An unknown error has triggered the default error handler";
			optional<string_detail::string_shim> maybetopmsg = stack::check_get<string_detail::string_shim>(L, 1);
			if (maybetopmsg) {
				const string_detail::string_shim& topmsg = maybetopmsg.value();
				msg.assign(topmsg.data(), topmsg.size());
			}
			luaL_traceback(L, L, msg.c_str(), 1);
			optional<string_detail::string_shim> maybetraceback = stack::check_get<string_detail::string_shim>(L, -1);
			if (maybetraceback) {
				const string_detail::string_shim& traceback = maybetraceback.value();
				msg.assign(traceback.data(), traceback.size());
			}
			return stack::push(L, msg);
		}
	} // detail

	class state : private std::unique_ptr<lua_State, void(*)(lua_State*)>, public state_view {
	private:
		typedef std::unique_ptr<lua_State, void(*)(lua_State*)> unique_base;
	public:
		state(lua_CFunction panic = detail::default_at_panic) : unique_base(luaL_newstate(), lua_close),
			state_view(unique_base::get()) {
			set_panic(panic);
			lua_CFunction f = c_call<decltype(&detail::default_traceback_error_handler), &detail::default_traceback_error_handler>;
			sol::protected_function::set_default_handler(sol::object(lua_state(), in_place, f));
			stack::luajit_exception_handler(unique_base::get());
		}

		state(lua_CFunction panic, lua_Alloc alfunc, void* alpointer = nullptr) : unique_base(lua_newstate(alfunc, alpointer), lua_close),
			state_view(unique_base::get()) {
			set_panic(panic);
			lua_CFunction f = c_call<decltype(&detail::default_traceback_error_handler), &detail::default_traceback_error_handler>;
			sol::protected_function::set_default_handler(sol::object(lua_state(), in_place, f));
			stack::luajit_exception_handler(unique_base::get());
		}

		state(const state&) = delete;
		state(state&&) = default;
		state& operator=(const state&) = delete;
		state& operator=(state&& that) {
			state_view::operator=(std::move(that));
			unique_base::operator=(std::move(that));
			return *this;
		}

		using state_view::get;

		~state() {}
	};
} // sol

// end of sol/state.hpp

// beginning of sol/coroutine.hpp

// beginning of sol/thread.hpp

namespace sol {
	struct lua_thread_state {
		lua_State* L;
		operator lua_State* () const {
			return L;
		}
		lua_State* operator-> () const {
			return L;
		}
	};

	namespace stack {

		template <>
		struct pusher<lua_thread_state> {
			int push(lua_State*, lua_thread_state lts) {
				lua_pushthread(lts.L);
				return 1;
			}
		};

		template <>
		struct getter<lua_thread_state> {
			lua_thread_state get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
				tracking.use(1);
				lua_thread_state lts{ lua_tothread(L, index) };
				return lts;
			}
		};

		template <>
		struct check_getter<lua_thread_state> {
			template <typename Handler>
			optional<lua_thread_state> get(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
				lua_thread_state lts{ lua_tothread(L, index) };
				if (lts.L == nullptr) {
					handler(L, index, type::thread, type_of(L, index), "value does is not a valid thread type");
					return nullopt;
				}
				tracking.use(1);
				return lts;
			}
		};

	}

#if SOL_LUA_VERSION < 502
	inline lua_State* main_thread(lua_State*, lua_State* backup_if_unsupported = nullptr) {
		return backup_if_unsupported;
	}
#else
	inline lua_State* main_thread(lua_State* L, lua_State* = nullptr) {
		lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD);
		lua_thread_state s = stack::pop<lua_thread_state>(L);
		return s.L;
	}
#endif // Lua 5.2+ has the main thread getter

	class thread : public reference {
	public:
		thread() noexcept = default;
		thread(const thread&) = default;
		thread(thread&&) = default;
		template <typename T, meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, thread>>, std::is_base_of<reference, meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
		thread(T&& r) : reference(std::forward<T>(r)) {}
		thread(const stack_reference& r) : thread(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {};
		thread(stack_reference&& r) : thread(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {};
		thread& operator=(const thread&) = default;
		thread& operator=(thread&&) = default;
		template <typename T, meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_integral<meta::unqualified_t<T>>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<T, ref_index>>> = meta::enabler>
		thread(lua_State* L, T&& r) : thread(L, sol::ref_index(r.registry_index())) {}
		thread(lua_State* L, int index = -1) : reference(L, index) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			type_assert(L, index, type::thread);
#endif // Safety
		}
		thread(lua_State* L, ref_index index) : reference(L, index) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
			type_assert(L, -1, type::thread);
#endif // Safety
		}
		thread(lua_State* L, lua_State* actualthread) : thread(L, lua_thread_state{ actualthread }) {}
		thread(lua_State* L, sol::this_state actualthread) : thread(L, lua_thread_state{ actualthread.L }) {}
		thread(lua_State* L, lua_thread_state actualthread) : reference(L, -stack::push(L, actualthread)) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			type_assert(L, -1, type::thread);
#endif // Safety
			lua_pop(L, 1);
		}

		state_view state() const {
			return state_view(this->thread_state());
		}

		bool is_main_thread() const {
			int ismainthread = lua_pushthread(this->thread_state());
			lua_pop(this->thread_state(), 1);
			return ismainthread == 1;
		}

		lua_State* thread_state() const {
			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
			lua_State* lthread = lua_tothread(lua_state(), -1);
			return lthread;
		}

		thread_status status() const {
			lua_State* lthread = thread_state();
			thread_status lstat = static_cast<thread_status>(lua_status(lthread));
			if (lstat != thread_status::ok && lua_gettop(lthread) == 0) {
				// No thing on the thread's stack means its dead
				return thread_status::dead;
			}
			return lstat;
		}

		thread create() {
			return create(lua_state());
		}

		static thread create(lua_State* L) {
			lua_newthread(L);
			thread result(L);
			lua_pop(L, 1);
			return result;
		}
	};
} // sol

// end of sol/thread.hpp

namespace sol {
	class coroutine : public reference {
	private:
		call_status stats = call_status::yielded;

		void luacall(std::ptrdiff_t argcount, std::ptrdiff_t) {
#if SOL_LUA_VERSION < 502
			stats = static_cast<call_status>(lua_resume(lua_state(), static_cast<int>(argcount)));
#else
			stats = static_cast<call_status>(lua_resume(lua_state(), nullptr, static_cast<int>(argcount)));
#endif // Lua 5.1 compat
		}

		template<std::size_t... I, typename... Ret>
		auto invoke(types<Ret...>, std::index_sequence<I...>, std::ptrdiff_t n) {
			luacall(n, sizeof...(Ret));
			return stack::pop<std::tuple<Ret...>>(lua_state());
		}

		template<std::size_t I, typename Ret>
		Ret invoke(types<Ret>, std::index_sequence<I>, std::ptrdiff_t n) {
			luacall(n, 1);
			return stack::pop<Ret>(lua_state());
		}

		template <std::size_t I>
		void invoke(types<void>, std::index_sequence<I>, std::ptrdiff_t n) {
			luacall(n, 0);
		}

		protected_function_result invoke(types<>, std::index_sequence<>, std::ptrdiff_t n) {
			int stacksize = lua_gettop(lua_state());
			int firstreturn = (std::max)(1, stacksize - static_cast<int>(n));
			luacall(n, LUA_MULTRET);
			int poststacksize = lua_gettop(lua_state());
			int returncount = poststacksize - (firstreturn - 1);
			if (error()) {
				return protected_function_result(lua_state(), lua_absindex(lua_state(), -1), 1, returncount, status());
			}
			return protected_function_result(lua_state(), firstreturn, returncount, returncount, status());
		}

	public:
		coroutine() noexcept = default;
		coroutine(const coroutine&) noexcept = default;
		coroutine(coroutine&&) noexcept = default;
		coroutine& operator=(const coroutine&) noexcept = default;
		coroutine& operator=(coroutine&&) noexcept = default;
		template <typename T, meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, coroutine>>, std::is_base_of<reference, meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
		coroutine(T&& r) : reference(std::forward<T>(r)) {}
		coroutine(lua_nil_t r) : reference(r) {}
		coroutine(const stack_reference& r) noexcept : coroutine(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {}
		coroutine(stack_reference&& r) noexcept : coroutine(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {}
		template <typename T, meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_integral<meta::unqualified_t<T>>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<T, ref_index>>> = meta::enabler>
		coroutine(lua_State* L, T&& r) : coroutine(L, sol::ref_index(r.registry_index())) {}
		coroutine(lua_State* L, int index = -1) : reference(L, index) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			constructor_handler handler{};
			stack::check<coroutine>(L, index, handler);
#endif // Safety
		}
		coroutine(lua_State* L, ref_index index) : reference(L, index) {
#ifdef SOL_CHECK_ARGUMENTS
			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
			constructor_handler handler{};
			stack::check<coroutine>(L, -1, handler);
#endif // Safety
		}

		call_status status() const noexcept {
			return stats;
		}

		bool error() const noexcept {
			call_status cs = status();
			return cs != call_status::ok && cs != call_status::yielded;
		}

		bool runnable() const noexcept {
			return valid()
				&& (status() == call_status::yielded);
		}

		explicit operator bool() const noexcept {
			return runnable();
		}

		template<typename... Args>
		protected_function_result operator()(Args&&... args) {
			return call<>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template<typename... Ret, typename... Args>
		decltype(auto) operator()(types<Ret...>, Args&&... args) {
			return call<Ret...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
		}

		template<typename... Ret, typename... Args>
		decltype(auto) call(Args&&... args) {
			push();
			int pushcount = stack::multi_push(lua_state(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
			return invoke(types<Ret...>(), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ret)>(), pushcount);
		}
	};
} // sol

// end of sol/coroutine.hpp

// beginning of sol/variadic_results.hpp

// beginning of sol/as_returns.hpp

namespace sol {
	template <typename T>
	struct as_returns_t {
		T src;
	};

	template <typename Source>
	auto as_returns(Source&& source) {
		return as_returns_t<std::decay_t<Source>>{ std::forward<Source>(source) };
	}

	namespace stack {
		template <typename T>
		struct pusher<as_returns_t<T>> {
			int push(lua_State* L, const as_returns_t<T>& e) {
				auto& src = detail::unwrap(e.src);
				int p = 0;
				for (const auto& i : src) {
					p += stack::push(L, i);
				}
				return p;
			}
		};
	} // stack
} // sol

// end of sol/as_returns.hpp

namespace sol {

	struct variadic_results : public std::vector<object> {
		using std::vector<object>::vector;
	};
	
	namespace stack {
		template <>
		struct pusher<variadic_results> {
			int push(lua_State* L, const variadic_results& e) {
				int p = 0;
				for (const auto& i : e) {
					p += stack::push(L, i);
				}
				return p;
			}
		};
	} // stack

} // sol

// end of sol/variadic_results.hpp

#ifdef __GNUC__
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#elif defined _MSC_VER
#pragma warning( push )
#endif // g++

#ifdef SOL_INSIDE_UNREAL
#ifdef SOL_INSIDE_UNREAL_REMOVED_CHECK
#if DO_CHECK
#define check(expr) { if(UNLIKELY(!(expr))) { FDebug::LogAssertFailedMessage( #expr, __FILE__, __LINE__ ); _DebugBreakAndPromptForRemote(); FDebug::AssertFailed( #expr, __FILE__, __LINE__ ); CA_ASSUME(false); } }
#else
#define check(expr) { CA_ASSUME(expr); }
#endif
#endif 
#endif // Unreal Engine 4 Bullshit

#endif // SOL_HPP
// end of sol.hpp

#endif // SOL_SINGLE_INCLUDE_HPP