diff --git a/docs/source/conf.py b/docs/source/conf.py
index 2aa5c3a2..8c5b5dde 100644
--- a/docs/source/conf.py
+++ b/docs/source/conf.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ author = 'ThePhD'
 # The short X.Y version.
 version = '2.14'
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
-release = '2.14.10'
+release = '2.14.12'
 
 # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
 # for a list of supported languages.
diff --git a/docs/source/index.rst b/docs/source/index.rst
index 6e10ab70..e2bac16c 100644
--- a/docs/source/index.rst
+++ b/docs/source/index.rst
@@ -18,6 +18,11 @@ When you need to hit the ground running with Lua and C++, `Sol`_ is the go-to fr
 	:target: https://travis-ci.org/ThePhD/sol2
 	:alt: build status
 
+.. image:: https://badges.gitter.im/chat-sol2/Lobby.svg
+	target: https://gitter.im/chat-sol2/Lobby
+	:alt: chat about sol2 on gitter
+
+
 get going:
 ----------
 
@@ -28,6 +33,7 @@ get going:
 	tutorial/all-the-things
 	tutorial/tutorial-top
 	features
+	usertypes
 	api/api-top
 	mentions
 	benchmarks
@@ -43,7 +49,7 @@ get going:
 
 "I need feature X, maybe you have it?"
 --------------------------------------
-Take a look at the :doc:`Features<features>` page: it links to much of the API. You can also just straight up browse the :doc:`api<api/api-top>` or ease in with the :doc:`tutorials<tutorial/tutorial-top>`. To know how function arguments are handled, see :ref:`this note<function-argument-handling>`. Don't see a feature you want? Send inquiries for support for a particular abstraction to the `issues`_ tracker.
+Take a look at the :doc:`Features<features>` page: it links to much of the API. You can also just straight up browse the :doc:`api<api/api-top>` or ease in with the :doc:`tutorials<tutorial/tutorial-top>`. To know more about the implementation for usertypes, see :doc:`here<usertypes>` To know how function arguments are handled, see :ref:`this note<function-argument-handling>`. Don't see a feature you want? Send inquiries for support for a particular abstraction to the `issues`_ tracker.
 
 
 the basics:
diff --git a/docs/source/tutorial/customization.rst b/docs/source/tutorial/customization.rst
index 31fcad46..5479c804 100644
--- a/docs/source/tutorial/customization.rst
+++ b/docs/source/tutorial/customization.rst
@@ -108,6 +108,9 @@ A few things of note about the implementation: First, there's an auxiliary param
 
 You can make something pushable into Lua, but not get-able in the same way if you only specialize one part of the system. If you need to retrieve it (as a return using one or multiple values from Lua), you should specialize the ``sol::stack::getter`` template class and the ``sol::stack::checker`` template class. If you need to push it into Lua at some point, then you'll want to specialize the ``sol::stack::pusher`` template class. The ``sol::lua_size`` template class trait needs to be specialized for both cases, unless it only pushes 1 item, in which case the default implementation will assume 1.
 
+.. note::
+
+	It is important to note here that the ``getter``, ``pusher`` and ``checker`` differentiate between a type ``T`` and a pointer to a type ``T*``. This means that if you want to work purely with, say, a ``T*`` handle that does not have the same semantics as just ``T``, you may need to specify checkers/getters/pushers for both ``T*`` and ``T``. The checkers for ``T*`` forward to the checkers for ``T``, but the getter for ``T*`` does not forward to the getter for ``T`` (e.g., because of ``int*`` not being quite the same as ``int``).
 
 In general, this is fine since most getters/checkers only use 1 stack point. But, if you're doing more complex nested classes, it would be useful to use ``tracking.last`` to understand how many stack indices the last getter/checker operation did and increment it by ``index + tracking.last`` after using a ``stack::check<..>( L, index, tracking)`` call.
 
diff --git a/docs/source/usertypes.rst b/docs/source/usertypes.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..09d4e755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/source/usertypes.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+usertypes
+=========
+
+Perhaps the most powerful feature of sol2, ``usertypes`` are the way sol2 and C++ communicate your classes to the Lua runtime and bind things between both tables and to specific blocks of C++ memory, allowing you to treat Lua userdata and other things like classes. 
+
+To learn more about usertypes, visit:
+
+* :doc:`tutorial<tutorial/cxx-in-lua>`
+* :doc:`customization point tutorial<tutorial/customization>`
+* :doc:`api documentation<api/usertype>`
+* :doc:`memory documentation<api/usertype_memory>`
+
+There are also some notes about guarantees you can find about usertypes, and their associated userdata, below:
+
+* You can push types classified as userdata before you register a usertype.
+	- You can register a usertype with the Lua runtime at any time sol2
+	- You can retrieve them from the Lua runtime as well through sol2
+	- Methods and properties will be added to the type only after you register it in the Lua runtime
+* Types either copy once or move once into the memory location, if it is a value type. If it is a pointer, we store only the reference.
+	- This means take arguments of class types (not primitive types like strings or integers) by ``T&`` or ``T*`` to modify the data in Lua directly, or by plain ``T`` to get a copy
+	- Return types and passing arguments to ``sol::function`` use perfect forwarding and reference semantics, which means no copies happen unless you specify a value explicitly. See :ref:`this note for details<function-argument-handling>`.
+* The first ``sizeof( void* )`` bytes is always a pointer to the typed C++ memory. What comes after is based on what you've pushed into the system according to :doc:`the memory specification for usertypes<api/usertype_memory>`. This is compatible with a number of systems.
+* Member methods, properties, variables and functions taking ``self&`` arguments modify data directly
+	- Work on a copy by taking or returning a copy by value.
+* The actual metatable associated with the usertype has a long name and is defined to be opaque by the Sol implementation.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/single/sol/sol.hpp b/single/sol/sol.hpp
index fb0818be..a7ded045 100644
--- a/single/sol/sol.hpp
+++ b/single/sol/sol.hpp
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 
 // This file was generated with a script.
-// Generated 2016-10-21 21:30:36.718233 UTC
-// This header was generated with sol v2.14.11 (revision 8c3ae42)
+// Generated 2016-10-23 21:02:40.993304 UTC
+// This header was generated with sol v2.14.12 (revision 2ac711b)
 // https://github.com/ThePhD/sol2
 
 #ifndef SOL_SINGLE_INCLUDE_HPP
@@ -5063,7 +5063,7 @@ namespace sol {
 		template<typename T, typename>
 		struct getter {
 			static T& get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
-				return getter<T&>{}.get(L, index, tracking);
+				return getter<sol::detail::as_value_tag<T>>{}.get(L, index, tracking);
 			}
 		};
 
@@ -5459,7 +5459,7 @@ namespace sol {
 		};
 
 		template<typename T>
-		struct getter<T*> {
+		struct getter<detail::as_value_tag<T>> {
 			static T* get_no_nil(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
 				tracking.use(1);
 				void** pudata = static_cast<void**>(lua_touserdata(L, index));
@@ -5478,28 +5478,49 @@ namespace sol {
 				T* obj = static_cast<T*>(udata);
 				return obj;
 			}
+			
+			static T& get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+				return *get_no_nil(L, index, tracking);
+			}
+		};
 
+		template<typename T>
+		struct getter<detail::as_pointer_tag<T>> {
 			static T* get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
 				type t = type_of(L, index);
 				if (t == type::nil) {
 					tracking.use(1);
 					return nullptr;
 				}
-				return get_no_nil(L, index, tracking);
+				return getter<detail::as_value_tag<T>>::get_no_nil(L, index, tracking);
 			}
 		};
 
 		template<typename T>
 		struct getter<non_null<T*>> {
 			static T* get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
-				return getter<T*>::get_no_nil(L, index, tracking);
+				return getter<detail::as_value_tag<T>>::get_no_nil(L, index, tracking);
 			}
 		};
 
 		template<typename T>
 		struct getter<T&> {
 			static T& get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
-				return *getter<T*>::get_no_nil(L, index, tracking);
+				return getter<detail::as_value_tag<T>>::get(L, index, tracking);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template<typename T>
+		struct getter<std::reference_wrapper<T>> {
+			static T& get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+				return getter<T>{}.get(L, index, tracking);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template<typename T>
+		struct getter<T*> {
+			static T* get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+				return getter<detail::as_pointer_tag<T>>::get(L, index, tracking);
 			}
 		};
 
@@ -5517,13 +5538,6 @@ namespace sol {
 			}
 		};
 
-		template<typename T>
-		struct getter<std::reference_wrapper<T>> {
-			static T& get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
-				return getter<T&>{}.get(L, index, tracking);
-			}
-		};
-
 		template<typename... Args>
 		struct getter<std::tuple<Args...>> {
 			typedef std::tuple<decltype(stack::get<Args>(nullptr, 0))...> R;
@@ -7427,11 +7441,50 @@ namespace sol {
 				}
 				return matchfx(types<Fx>(), index_value<I>(), return_types(), args_list(), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
 			}
+
+			template <std::size_t... M, typename Match, typename... Args>
+			inline int overload_match_arity_single(types<>, std::index_sequence<>, std::index_sequence<M...>, Match&& matchfx, lua_State* L, int fxarity, int start, Args&&... args) {
+				return overload_match_arity(types<>(), std::index_sequence<>(), std::index_sequence<M...>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+
+			template <typename Fx, std::size_t I, std::size_t... M, typename Match, typename... Args>
+			inline int overload_match_arity_single(types<Fx>, std::index_sequence<I>, std::index_sequence<M...>, Match&& matchfx, lua_State* L, int fxarity, int start, Args&&... args) {
+				typedef lua_bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>> traits;
+				typedef meta::tuple_types<typename traits::return_type> return_types;
+				typedef typename traits::free_args_list args_list;
+				// compile-time eliminate any functions that we know ahead of time are of improper arity
+				if (meta::find_in_pack_v<index_value<traits::free_arity>, index_value<M>...>::value) {
+					return overload_match_arity(types<>(), std::index_sequence<>(), std::index_sequence<M...>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+				if (traits::free_arity != fxarity) {
+					return overload_match_arity(types<>(), std::index_sequence<>(), std::index_sequence<traits::free_arity, M...>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+				return matchfx(types<Fx>(), index_value<I>(), return_types(), args_list(), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+
+			template <typename Fx, typename Fx1, typename... Fxs, std::size_t I, std::size_t I1, std::size_t... In, std::size_t... M, typename Match, typename... Args>
+			inline int overload_match_arity_single(types<Fx, Fx1, Fxs...>, std::index_sequence<I, I1, In...>, std::index_sequence<M...>, Match&& matchfx, lua_State* L, int fxarity, int start, Args&&... args) {
+				typedef lua_bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>> traits;
+				typedef meta::tuple_types<typename traits::return_type> return_types;
+				typedef typename traits::free_args_list args_list;
+				// compile-time eliminate any functions that we know ahead of time are of improper arity
+				if (meta::find_in_pack_v<index_value<traits::free_arity>, index_value<M>...>::value) {
+					return overload_match_arity(types<Fx1, Fxs...>(), std::index_sequence<I1, In...>(), std::index_sequence<M...>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+				if (traits::free_arity != fxarity) {
+					return overload_match_arity(types<Fx1, Fxs...>(), std::index_sequence<I1, In...>(), std::index_sequence<traits::free_arity, M...>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+				stack::record tracking{};
+				if (!stack::stack_detail::check_types<true>{}.check(args_list(), L, start, no_panic, tracking)) {
+					return overload_match_arity(types<Fx1, Fxs...>(), std::index_sequence<I1, In...>(), std::index_sequence<M...>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+				return matchfx(types<Fx>(), index_value<I>(), return_types(), args_list(), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
 		} // overload_detail
 
 		template <typename... Functions, typename Match, typename... Args>
 		inline int overload_match_arity(Match&& matchfx, lua_State* L, int fxarity, int start, Args&&... args) {
-			return overload_detail::overload_match_arity(types<Functions...>(), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Functions)>(), std::index_sequence<>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			return overload_detail::overload_match_arity_single(types<Functions...>(), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Functions)>(), std::index_sequence<>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
 		}
 
 		template <typename... Functions, typename Match, typename... Args>
diff --git a/sol/call.hpp b/sol/call.hpp
index 7e46a459..9f6a3af8 100644
--- a/sol/call.hpp
+++ b/sol/call.hpp
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ namespace sol {
 			template <typename Fx, std::size_t I, typename... R, typename... Args>
 			int operator()(types<Fx>, index_value<I>, types<R...> r, types<Args...> a, lua_State* L, int, int start) const {
 				detail::default_construct func{};
-				return stack::call_into_lua<false>(r, a, L, start, func, obj);
+				return stack::call_into_lua<stack::stack_detail::default_check_arguments>(r, a, L, start, func, obj);
 			}
 		};
 
@@ -85,11 +85,50 @@ namespace sol {
 				}
 				return matchfx(types<Fx>(), index_value<I>(), return_types(), args_list(), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
 			}
+
+			template <std::size_t... M, typename Match, typename... Args>
+			inline int overload_match_arity_single(types<>, std::index_sequence<>, std::index_sequence<M...>, Match&& matchfx, lua_State* L, int fxarity, int start, Args&&... args) {
+				return overload_match_arity(types<>(), std::index_sequence<>(), std::index_sequence<M...>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+
+			template <typename Fx, std::size_t I, std::size_t... M, typename Match, typename... Args>
+			inline int overload_match_arity_single(types<Fx>, std::index_sequence<I>, std::index_sequence<M...>, Match&& matchfx, lua_State* L, int fxarity, int start, Args&&... args) {
+				typedef lua_bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>> traits;
+				typedef meta::tuple_types<typename traits::return_type> return_types;
+				typedef typename traits::free_args_list args_list;
+				// compile-time eliminate any functions that we know ahead of time are of improper arity
+				if (meta::find_in_pack_v<index_value<traits::free_arity>, index_value<M>...>::value) {
+					return overload_match_arity(types<>(), std::index_sequence<>(), std::index_sequence<M...>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+				if (traits::free_arity != fxarity) {
+					return overload_match_arity(types<>(), std::index_sequence<>(), std::index_sequence<traits::free_arity, M...>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+				return matchfx(types<Fx>(), index_value<I>(), return_types(), args_list(), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+
+			template <typename Fx, typename Fx1, typename... Fxs, std::size_t I, std::size_t I1, std::size_t... In, std::size_t... M, typename Match, typename... Args>
+			inline int overload_match_arity_single(types<Fx, Fx1, Fxs...>, std::index_sequence<I, I1, In...>, std::index_sequence<M...>, Match&& matchfx, lua_State* L, int fxarity, int start, Args&&... args) {
+				typedef lua_bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>> traits;
+				typedef meta::tuple_types<typename traits::return_type> return_types;
+				typedef typename traits::free_args_list args_list;
+				// compile-time eliminate any functions that we know ahead of time are of improper arity
+				if (meta::find_in_pack_v<index_value<traits::free_arity>, index_value<M>...>::value) {
+					return overload_match_arity(types<Fx1, Fxs...>(), std::index_sequence<I1, In...>(), std::index_sequence<M...>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+				if (traits::free_arity != fxarity) {
+					return overload_match_arity(types<Fx1, Fxs...>(), std::index_sequence<I1, In...>(), std::index_sequence<traits::free_arity, M...>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+				stack::record tracking{};
+				if (!stack::stack_detail::check_types<true>{}.check(args_list(), L, start, no_panic, tracking)) {
+					return overload_match_arity(types<Fx1, Fxs...>(), std::index_sequence<I1, In...>(), std::index_sequence<M...>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+				return matchfx(types<Fx>(), index_value<I>(), return_types(), args_list(), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
 		} // overload_detail
 
 		template <typename... Functions, typename Match, typename... Args>
 		inline int overload_match_arity(Match&& matchfx, lua_State* L, int fxarity, int start, Args&&... args) {
-			return overload_detail::overload_match_arity(types<Functions...>(), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Functions)>(), std::index_sequence<>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			return overload_detail::overload_match_arity_single(types<Functions...>(), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Functions)>(), std::index_sequence<>(), std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
 		}
 
 		template <typename... Functions, typename Match, typename... Args>
diff --git a/sol/stack_check.hpp b/sol/stack_check.hpp
index 314fc909..5a8610f2 100644
--- a/sol/stack_check.hpp
+++ b/sol/stack_check.hpp
@@ -267,21 +267,7 @@ namespace sol {
 		};
 
 		template <typename T, typename C>
-		struct checker<T*, type::userdata, C> {
-			template <typename Handler>
-			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
-				const type indextype = type_of(L, index);
-				// Allow nil to be transformed to nullptr
-				if (indextype == type::nil) {
-					tracking.use(1);
-					return true;
-				}
-				return checker<meta::unqualified_t<T>, type::userdata, C>{}.check(types<meta::unqualified_t<T>>(), L, indextype, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
-			}
-		};
-
-		template <typename T, typename C>
-		struct checker<T, type::userdata, C> {
+		struct checker<detail::as_value_tag<T>, type::userdata, C> {
 			template <typename U, typename Handler>
 			static bool check(types<U>, lua_State* L, type indextype, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
 				tracking.use(1);
@@ -320,11 +306,28 @@ namespace sol {
 				lua_pop(L, 1);
 				return true;
 			}
+		};
 
+		template <typename T, typename C>
+		struct checker<T, type::userdata, C> {
 			template <typename Handler>
 			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
 				const type indextype = type_of(L, index);
-				return check(types<T>(), L, indextype, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+				return checker<detail::as_value_tag<T>, type::userdata, C>{}.check(types<T>(), L, indextype, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename C>
+		struct checker<T*, type::userdata, C> {
+			template <typename Handler>
+			static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+				const type indextype = type_of(L, index);
+				// Allow nil to be transformed to nullptr
+				if (indextype == type::nil) {
+					tracking.use(1);
+					return true;
+				}
+				return checker<meta::unqualified_t<T>, type::userdata, C>{}.check(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
 			}
 		};
 
diff --git a/sol/stack_get.hpp b/sol/stack_get.hpp
index 52c52efa..7cb7f2b8 100644
--- a/sol/stack_get.hpp
+++ b/sol/stack_get.hpp
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ namespace sol {
 		template<typename T, typename>
 		struct getter {
 			static T& get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
-				return getter<T&>{}.get(L, index, tracking);
+				return getter<sol::detail::as_value_tag<T>>{}.get(L, index, tracking);
 			}
 		};
 
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ namespace sol {
 		};
 
 		template<typename T>
-		struct getter<T*> {
+		struct getter<detail::as_value_tag<T>> {
 			static T* get_no_nil(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
 				tracking.use(1);
 				void** pudata = static_cast<void**>(lua_touserdata(L, index));
@@ -456,28 +456,49 @@ namespace sol {
 				T* obj = static_cast<T*>(udata);
 				return obj;
 			}
+			
+			static T& get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+				return *get_no_nil(L, index, tracking);
+			}
+		};
 
+		template<typename T>
+		struct getter<detail::as_pointer_tag<T>> {
 			static T* get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
 				type t = type_of(L, index);
 				if (t == type::nil) {
 					tracking.use(1);
 					return nullptr;
 				}
-				return get_no_nil(L, index, tracking);
+				return getter<detail::as_value_tag<T>>::get_no_nil(L, index, tracking);
 			}
 		};
 
 		template<typename T>
 		struct getter<non_null<T*>> {
 			static T* get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
-				return getter<T*>::get_no_nil(L, index, tracking);
+				return getter<detail::as_value_tag<T>>::get_no_nil(L, index, tracking);
 			}
 		};
 
 		template<typename T>
 		struct getter<T&> {
 			static T& get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
-				return *getter<T*>::get_no_nil(L, index, tracking);
+				return getter<detail::as_value_tag<T>>::get(L, index, tracking);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template<typename T>
+		struct getter<std::reference_wrapper<T>> {
+			static T& get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+				return getter<T&>{}.get(L, index, tracking);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template<typename T>
+		struct getter<T*> {
+			static T* get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+				return getter<detail::as_pointer_tag<T>>::get(L, index, tracking);
 			}
 		};
 
@@ -495,13 +516,6 @@ namespace sol {
 			}
 		};
 
-		template<typename T>
-		struct getter<std::reference_wrapper<T>> {
-			static T& get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
-				return getter<T&>{}.get(L, index, tracking);
-			}
-		};
-
 		template<typename... Args>
 		struct getter<std::tuple<Args...>> {
 			typedef std::tuple<decltype(stack::get<Args>(nullptr, 0))...> R;