// Copyright 2019 Google LLC // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. // You may obtain a copy of the License at // // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 // // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License. // Implementation of the sandbox2::ForkServer class. #include "sandboxed_api/sandbox2/forkserver.h" #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "absl/memory/memory.h" #include "absl/status/status.h" #include "absl/status/statusor.h" #include "absl/strings/match.h" #include "absl/strings/str_cat.h" #include "absl/strings/str_format.h" #include "absl/strings/str_join.h" #include "libcap/include/sys/capability.h" #include "sandboxed_api/sandbox2/client.h" #include "sandboxed_api/sandbox2/comms.h" #include "sandboxed_api/sandbox2/fork_client.h" #include "sandboxed_api/sandbox2/forkserver.pb.h" #include "sandboxed_api/sandbox2/namespace.h" #include "sandboxed_api/sandbox2/policy.h" #include "sandboxed_api/sandbox2/sanitizer.h" #include "sandboxed_api/sandbox2/syscall.h" #include "sandboxed_api/sandbox2/unwind/unwind.h" #include "sandboxed_api/sandbox2/util.h" #include "sandboxed_api/sandbox2/util/bpf_helper.h" #include "sandboxed_api/util/fileops.h" #include "sandboxed_api/util/raw_logging.h" #include "sandboxed_api/util/strerror.h" namespace { using ::sapi::StrError; // "Moves" the old FD to the new FD number. // The old FD will be closed, the new one is marked as CLOEXEC. void MoveToFdNumber(int* old_fd, int new_fd) { if (dup2(*old_fd, new_fd) == -1) { SAPI_RAW_PLOG(FATAL, "Moving temporary to proper FD failed."); } close(*old_fd); // Try to mark that FD as CLOEXEC. int flags = fcntl(new_fd, F_GETFD); if (flags == -1 || fcntl(new_fd, F_SETFD, flags | O_CLOEXEC) != 0) { SAPI_RAW_PLOG(ERROR, "Marking FD as CLOEXEC failed"); } *old_fd = new_fd; } void RunInitProcess(std::set open_fds) { if (prctl(PR_SET_NAME, "S2-INIT-PROC", 0, 0, 0) != 0) { SAPI_RAW_PLOG(WARNING, "prctl(PR_SET_NAME, 'S2-INIT-PROC')"); } // Close all open fds (equals to CloseAllFDsExcept but does not require /proc // to be available). for (const auto& fd : open_fds) { close(fd); } // Apply seccomp. struct sock_filter code[] = { LOAD_ARCH, JNE32(sandbox2::Syscall::GetHostAuditArch(), DENY), LOAD_SYSCALL_NR, #ifdef __NR_waitpid SYSCALL(__NR_waitpid, ALLOW), #endif SYSCALL(__NR_wait4, ALLOW), SYSCALL(__NR_exit, ALLOW), SYSCALL(__NR_exit_group, ALLOW), DENY, }; struct sock_fprog prog {}; prog.len = ABSL_ARRAYSIZE(code); prog.filter = code; SAPI_RAW_CHECK(prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0) == 0, "Denying new privs"); SAPI_RAW_CHECK(prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS, 0) == 0, "Dropping caps"); SAPI_RAW_CHECK( syscall(__NR_seccomp, SECCOMP_SET_MODE_FILTER, SECCOMP_FILTER_FLAG_TSYNC, reinterpret_cast(&prog)) == 0, "Enabling seccomp filter"); pid_t pid; int status = 0; // Reap children. while (true) { // Wait until we don't have any children anymore. // We cannot watch for the child pid as ptrace steals our waitpid // notifications. (See man ptrace / man waitpid). pid = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(waitpid(-1, &status, __WALL)); if (pid < 0) { if (errno == ECHILD) { _exit(0); } _exit(1); } } } absl::Status SendPid(int signaling_fd) { // Send our PID (the actual sandboxee process) via SCM_CREDENTIALS. // The ancillary message will be attached to the message as SO_PASSCRED is set // on the socket. char dummy = ' '; if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(send(signaling_fd, &dummy, 1, 0)) != 1) { return absl::InternalError( absl::StrCat("Sending PID: send: ", StrError(errno))); } return absl::OkStatus(); } absl::StatusOr ReceivePid(int signaling_fd) { union { struct cmsghdr cmh; char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct ucred))]; } ucred_msg{}; struct msghdr msgh {}; struct iovec iov {}; msgh.msg_iov = &iov; msgh.msg_iovlen = 1; msgh.msg_control = ucred_msg.ctrl; msgh.msg_controllen = sizeof(ucred_msg); char dummy; iov.iov_base = &dummy; iov.iov_len = sizeof(char); if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(recvmsg(signaling_fd, &msgh, MSG_WAITALL)) != 1) { return absl::InternalError( absl::StrCat("Receiving pid failed: recvmsg: ", StrError(errno))); } struct cmsghdr* cmsgp = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msgh); if (cmsgp->cmsg_len != CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct ucred)) || cmsgp->cmsg_level != SOL_SOCKET || cmsgp->cmsg_type != SCM_CREDENTIALS) { return absl::InternalError("Receiving pid failed"); } struct ucred* ucredp = reinterpret_cast(CMSG_DATA(cmsgp)); return ucredp->pid; } } // namespace namespace sandbox2 { namespace file_util = ::sapi::file_util; void ForkServer::PrepareExecveArgs(const ForkRequest& request, std::vector* args, std::vector* envp) { // Prepare arguments for execve. for (const auto& arg : request.args()) { args->push_back(arg); } // Prepare environment variables for execve. for (const auto& env : request.envs()) { envp->push_back(env); } // The child process should not start any fork-servers. envp->push_back(absl::StrCat(kForkServerDisableEnv, "=1")); constexpr char kSapiVlogLevel[] = "SAPI_VLOG_LEVEL"; char* sapi_vlog = getenv(kSapiVlogLevel); if (sapi_vlog && strlen(sapi_vlog) > 0) { envp->push_back(absl::StrCat(kSapiVlogLevel, "=", sapi_vlog)); } SAPI_RAW_VLOG(1, "Will execute args:['%s'], environment:['%s']", absl::StrJoin(*args, "', '").c_str(), absl::StrJoin(*envp, "', '").c_str()); } void ForkServer::LaunchChild(const ForkRequest& request, int execve_fd, int client_fd, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, int user_ns_fd, int signaling_fd, bool avoid_pivot_root) const { bool will_execve = (request.mode() == FORKSERVER_FORK_EXECVE || request.mode() == FORKSERVER_FORK_EXECVE_SANDBOX); if (request.mode() == FORKSERVER_FORK_JOIN_SANDBOX_UNWIND) { SAPI_RAW_CHECK(setns(user_ns_fd, CLONE_NEWUSER) == 0, "Could not join user NS"); close(user_ns_fd); } // Prepare the arguments before sandboxing (if needed), as doing it after // sandoxing can cause syscall violations (e.g. related to memory management). std::vector args; std::vector envs; const char** argv = nullptr; const char** envp = nullptr; if (will_execve) { PrepareExecveArgs(request, &args, &envs); } SanitizeEnvironment(client_fd); std::set open_fds; if (!sanitizer::GetListOfFDs(&open_fds)) { SAPI_RAW_LOG(WARNING, "Could not get list of current open FDs"); } InitializeNamespaces(request, uid, gid, avoid_pivot_root); auto caps = cap_init(); for (auto cap : request.capabilities()) { SAPI_RAW_CHECK(cap_set_flag(caps, CAP_PERMITTED, 1, &cap, CAP_SET) == 0, absl::StrCat("setting capability ", cap).c_str()); SAPI_RAW_CHECK(cap_set_flag(caps, CAP_EFFECTIVE, 1, &cap, CAP_SET) == 0, absl::StrCat("setting capability ", cap).c_str()); SAPI_RAW_CHECK(cap_set_flag(caps, CAP_INHERITABLE, 1, &cap, CAP_SET) == 0, absl::StrCat("setting capability ", cap).c_str()); } SAPI_RAW_CHECK(cap_set_proc(caps) == 0, "while dropping capabilities"); cap_free(caps); // A custom init process is only needed if a new PID NS is created. if (request.clone_flags() & CLONE_NEWPID) { // Spawn a child process pid_t child; { child = fork(); } if (child < 0) { SAPI_RAW_PLOG(FATAL, "Could not spawn init process"); } if (child != 0) { RunInitProcess(open_fds); } // Send sandboxee pid auto status = SendPid(signaling_fd); SAPI_RAW_CHECK(status.ok(), absl::StrCat("sending pid: ", status.message()).c_str()); } if (request.mode() == FORKSERVER_FORK_EXECVE_SANDBOX || request.mode() == FORKSERVER_FORK_JOIN_SANDBOX_UNWIND) { // Sandboxing can be enabled either here - just before execve, or somewhere // inside the executed binary (e.g. after basic structures have been // initialized, and resources acquired). In the latter case, it's up to the // sandboxed binary to establish proper Comms channel (using // Comms::kSandbox2ClientCommsFD) and call sandbox2::Client::SandboxMeHere() // Create a Comms object here and not above, as we know we will execve and // therefore not call the Comms destructor, which would otherwise close the // comms file descriptor, which we do not want for the general case. Comms client_comms(Comms::kSandbox2ClientCommsFD); Client c(&client_comms); // The following client calls are basically SandboxMeHere. We split it so // that we can set up the envp after we received the file descriptors but // before we enable the syscall filter. c.PrepareEnvironment(); envs.push_back(c.GetFdMapEnvVar()); // Convert argv and envs to const char **. No need to free it, as the // code will either execve() or exit(). argv = util::VecStringToCharPtrArr(args); envp = util::VecStringToCharPtrArr(envs); c.EnableSandbox(); if (request.mode() == FORKSERVER_FORK_JOIN_SANDBOX_UNWIND) { exit(RunLibUnwindAndSymbolizer(&client_comms) ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE); } else { ExecuteProcess(execve_fd, argv, envp); } abort(); } if (will_execve) { argv = util::VecStringToCharPtrArr(args); envp = util::VecStringToCharPtrArr(envs); ExecuteProcess(execve_fd, argv, envp); abort(); } } pid_t ForkServer::ServeRequest() { // Keep the low FD numbers clean so that client FD mappings don't interfer // with us. constexpr int kTargetExecFd = 1022; ForkRequest fork_request; if (!comms_->RecvProtoBuf(&fork_request)) { if (comms_->IsTerminated()) { SAPI_RAW_VLOG(1, "ForkServer Comms closed. Exiting"); exit(0); } else { SAPI_RAW_LOG(FATAL, "Failed to receive ForkServer request"); } } int comms_fd; SAPI_RAW_CHECK(comms_->RecvFD(&comms_fd), "Failed to receive Comms FD"); int exec_fd = -1; if (fork_request.mode() == FORKSERVER_FORK_EXECVE || fork_request.mode() == FORKSERVER_FORK_EXECVE_SANDBOX) { SAPI_RAW_CHECK(comms_->RecvFD(&exec_fd), "Failed to receive Exec FD"); // We're duping to a high number here to avoid colliding with the IPC FDs. MoveToFdNumber(&exec_fd, kTargetExecFd); } // Make the kernel notify us with SIGCHLD when the process terminates. // We use sigaction(SIGCHLD, flags=SA_NOCLDWAIT) in combination with // this to make sure the zombie process is reaped immediately. int clone_flags = fork_request.clone_flags() | SIGCHLD; int user_ns_fd = -1; if (fork_request.mode() == FORKSERVER_FORK_JOIN_SANDBOX_UNWIND) { SAPI_RAW_CHECK(comms_->RecvFD(&user_ns_fd), "Failed to receive user namespace fd"); } // Store uid and gid since they will change if CLONE_NEWUSER is set. uid_t uid = getuid(); uid_t gid = getgid(); int socketpair_fds[2]; SAPI_RAW_PCHECK( socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, socketpair_fds) == 0, "creating signaling socketpair"); for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) { int val = 1; SAPI_RAW_PCHECK(setsockopt(socketpair_fds[i], SOL_SOCKET, SO_PASSCRED, &val, sizeof(val)) == 0, "setsockopt failed"); } file_util::fileops::FDCloser fd_closer0{socketpair_fds[0]}; file_util::fileops::FDCloser fd_closer1{socketpair_fds[1]}; // Note: init_pid will be overwritten with the actual init pid if the init // process was started or stays at 0 if that is not needed - no pidns. pid_t init_pid = 0; pid_t sandboxee_pid = -1; bool avoid_pivot_root = clone_flags & (CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNS); if (avoid_pivot_root) { // Create initial namespaces only when they're first needed. // This allows sandbox2 to be still used without any namespaces support if (initial_mntns_fd_ == -1) { CreateInitialNamespaces(); } // We first just fork a child, which will join the initial namespaces // Note: Not a regular fork() as one really needs to be single-threaded to // setns and this is not the case with TSAN. pid_t pid = util::ForkWithFlags(SIGCHLD); SAPI_RAW_PCHECK(pid != -1, "fork failed"); if (pid == 0) { SAPI_RAW_PCHECK(setns(initial_userns_fd_, CLONE_NEWUSER) != -1, "joining initial user namespace"); SAPI_RAW_PCHECK(setns(initial_mntns_fd_, CLONE_NEWNS) != -1, "joining initial mnt namespace"); close(initial_userns_fd_); close(initial_mntns_fd_); // Do not create new userns it will be unshared later sandboxee_pid = util::ForkWithFlags((clone_flags & ~CLONE_NEWUSER) | CLONE_PARENT); if (sandboxee_pid == -1) { SAPI_RAW_LOG(ERROR, "util::ForkWithFlags(%x)", clone_flags); } if (sandboxee_pid != 0) { _exit(0); } // Send sandboxee pid absl::Status status = SendPid(fd_closer1.get()); SAPI_RAW_CHECK(status.ok(), absl::StrCat("sending pid: ", status.message()).c_str()); } else if (auto pid_or = ReceivePid(fd_closer0.get()); !pid_or.ok()) { SAPI_RAW_LOG(ERROR, "receiving pid: %s", std::string(pid_or.status().message()).c_str()); } else { sandboxee_pid = pid_or.value(); } } else { sandboxee_pid = util::ForkWithFlags(clone_flags); if (sandboxee_pid == -1) { SAPI_RAW_LOG(ERROR, "util::ForkWithFlags(%x)", clone_flags); } if (sandboxee_pid == 0) { close(initial_userns_fd_); close(initial_mntns_fd_); } } // Child. if (sandboxee_pid == 0) { LaunchChild(fork_request, exec_fd, comms_fd, uid, gid, user_ns_fd, fd_closer1.get(), avoid_pivot_root); return sandboxee_pid; } fd_closer1.Close(); if (fork_request.clone_flags() & CLONE_NEWPID) { // The pid of the init process is equal to the child process that we've // previously forked. init_pid = sandboxee_pid; sandboxee_pid = -1; // And the actual sandboxee is forked from the init process, so we need to // receive the actual PID. if (auto pid_or = ReceivePid(fd_closer0.get()); !pid_or.ok()) { SAPI_RAW_LOG(ERROR, "%s", std::string(pid_or.status().message()).c_str()); kill(init_pid, SIGKILL); init_pid = -1; } else { sandboxee_pid = pid_or.value(); } } // Parent. close(comms_fd); if (exec_fd >= 0) { close(exec_fd); } if (user_ns_fd >= 0) { close(user_ns_fd); } SAPI_RAW_CHECK(comms_->SendInt32(init_pid), absl::StrCat("Failed to send init PID: ", init_pid).c_str()); SAPI_RAW_CHECK( comms_->SendInt32(sandboxee_pid), absl::StrCat("Failed to send sandboxee PID: ", sandboxee_pid).c_str()); return sandboxee_pid; } bool ForkServer::Initialize() { // All processes spawned by the fork'd/execute'd process will see this process // as /sbin/init. Therefore it will receive (and ignore) their final status // (see the next comment as well). PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER is available since // kernel version 3.4, so don't panic if it fails. if (prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER, 1, 0, 0, 0) == -1) { SAPI_RAW_VLOG(3, "prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER, 1): %s [%d]", StrError(errno).c_str(), errno); } // Don't convert terminated child processes into zombies. It's up to the // sandbox (Monitor) to track them and receive/report their final status. struct sigaction sa; sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL; sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDWAIT; sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask); if (sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, nullptr) == -1) { SAPI_RAW_PLOG(ERROR, "sigaction(SIGCHLD, flags=SA_NOCLDWAIT)"); return false; } return true; } void ForkServer::CreateInitialNamespaces() { // Spawn a new process to create initial user and mount namespaces to be used // as a base for each namespaced sandboxee. // Store uid and gid to create mappings after CLONE_NEWUSER uid_t uid = getuid(); gid_t gid = getgid(); // Socket to synchronize so that we open ns fds before process dies int fds[2]; SAPI_RAW_PCHECK(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, fds) != -1, "creating socket"); pid_t pid = util::ForkWithFlags(CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNS | SIGCHLD); SAPI_RAW_PCHECK(pid != -1, "failed to fork initial namespaces process"); char unused = '\0'; if (pid == 0) { close(fds[1]); Namespace::InitializeInitialNamespaces(uid, gid); SAPI_RAW_PCHECK(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fds[0], &unused, 1)) == 1, "synchronizing initial namespaces creation"); SAPI_RAW_PCHECK(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fds[0], &unused, 1)) == 1, "synchronizing initial namespaces creation"); _exit(0); } close(fds[0]); initial_userns_fd_ = open(absl::StrCat("/proc/", pid, "/ns/user").c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC); SAPI_RAW_PCHECK(initial_userns_fd_ != -1, "getting initial userns fd"); initial_mntns_fd_ = open(absl::StrCat("/proc/", pid, "/ns/mnt").c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC); SAPI_RAW_PCHECK(initial_mntns_fd_ != -1, "getting initial mntns fd"); SAPI_RAW_PCHECK(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fds[1], &unused, 1)) == 1, "synchronizing initial namespaces creation"); SAPI_RAW_PCHECK(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fds[1], &unused, 1)) == 1, "synchronizing initial namespaces creation"); close(fds[1]); } void ForkServer::SanitizeEnvironment(int client_fd) { // Duplicate client's CommsFD onto fd=Comms::kSandbox2ClientCommsFD (1023). SAPI_RAW_CHECK(dup2(client_fd, Comms::kSandbox2ClientCommsFD) != -1, "while remapping client comms fd"); close(client_fd); // Mark all file descriptors, except the standard ones (needed // for proper sandboxed process operations), as close-on-exec. SAPI_RAW_CHECK(sanitizer::SanitizeCurrentProcess( {STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO, Comms::kSandbox2ClientCommsFD}, /* close_fds = */ false), "while sanitizing process"); } void ForkServer::ExecuteProcess(int execve_fd, const char** argv, const char** envp) { // Do not add any code before execve(), as it's subject to seccomp policies. // Indicate that it's a special execve(), by setting 4th, 5th and 6th syscall // argument to magic values. util::Syscall( __NR_execveat, static_cast(execve_fd), reinterpret_cast(""), reinterpret_cast(argv), reinterpret_cast(envp), static_cast(AT_EMPTY_PATH), reinterpret_cast(internal::kExecveMagic)); int saved_errno = errno; SAPI_RAW_PLOG(ERROR, "sandbox2::ForkServer: execveat failed"); if (saved_errno == ENOSYS) { SAPI_RAW_LOG(ERROR, "sandbox2::ForkServer: This is likely caused by running" " sandbox2 on too old a kernel." ); } else if (saved_errno == ENOENT && execve_fd >= 0) { // Since we know the file exists, it must be that the file is dynamically // linked and the ELF interpreter is what's actually missing. SAPI_RAW_LOG(ERROR, "sandbox2::ForkServer: This is likely caused by running" " dynamically-linked sandboxee without calling" " .AddLibrariesForBinary() on the policy builder."); } util::Syscall(__NR_exit_group, EXIT_FAILURE); } void ForkServer::InitializeNamespaces(const ForkRequest& request, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, bool avoid_pivot_root) { if (!request.has_mount_tree()) { return; } int32_t clone_flags = request.clone_flags(); if (request.mode() == FORKSERVER_FORK_JOIN_SANDBOX_UNWIND) { clone_flags = CLONE_NEWNS | CLONE_NEWUTS | CLONE_NEWIPC; SAPI_RAW_PCHECK(!unshare(clone_flags), "Could not create new namespaces for libunwind"); } Namespace::InitializeNamespaces( uid, gid, clone_flags, Mounts(request.mount_tree()), request.mode() != FORKSERVER_FORK_JOIN_SANDBOX_UNWIND, request.hostname(), avoid_pivot_root); } } // namespace sandbox2