import asyncio import logging import time from typing import ( TYPE_CHECKING, Awaitable, Callable, Dict, List, NamedTuple, Tuple, Union, cast, ) import base58 from lru import LRU from libp2p.crypto.keys import PrivateKey from libp2p.exceptions import ParseError, ValidationError from libp2p.host.host_interface import IHost from libp2p.io.exceptions import IncompleteReadError from libp2p.network.exceptions import SwarmException from libp2p.network.stream.exceptions import StreamClosed, StreamEOF, StreamReset from libp2p.network.stream.net_stream_interface import INetStream from libp2p.peer.id import ID from libp2p.typing import TProtocol from libp2p.utils import encode_varint_prefixed, read_varint_prefixed_bytes from .pb import rpc_pb2 from .pubsub_notifee import PubsubNotifee from .validators import PUBSUB_SIGNING_PREFIX, signature_validator if TYPE_CHECKING: from .pubsub_router_interface import IPubsubRouter # noqa: F401 from typing import Any # noqa: F401 logger = logging.getLogger("libp2p.pubsub") def get_msg_id(msg: rpc_pb2.Message) -> Tuple[bytes, bytes]: # NOTE: `string(from, seqno)` in Go return (msg.seqno, msg.from_id) SyncValidatorFn = Callable[[ID, rpc_pb2.Message], bool] AsyncValidatorFn = Callable[[ID, rpc_pb2.Message], Awaitable[bool]] ValidatorFn = Union[SyncValidatorFn, AsyncValidatorFn] class TopicValidator(NamedTuple): validator: ValidatorFn is_async: bool class Pubsub: host: IHost my_id: ID router: "IPubsubRouter" peer_queue: "asyncio.Queue[ID]" dead_peer_queue: "asyncio.Queue[ID]" protocols: List[TProtocol] incoming_msgs_from_peers: "asyncio.Queue[rpc_pb2.Message]" outgoing_messages: "asyncio.Queue[rpc_pb2.Message]" seen_messages: LRU my_topics: Dict[str, "asyncio.Queue[rpc_pb2.Message]"] peer_topics: Dict[str, List[ID]] peers: Dict[ID, INetStream] topic_validators: Dict[str, TopicValidator] # TODO: Be sure it is increased atomically everytime. counter: int # uint64 _tasks: List["asyncio.Future[Any]"] # Indicate if we should enforce signature verification strict_signing: bool sign_key: PrivateKey def __init__( self, host: IHost, router: "IPubsubRouter", my_id: ID, cache_size: int = None, strict_signing: bool = True, ) -> None: """ Construct a new Pubsub object, which is responsible for handling all Pubsub-related messages and relaying messages as appropriate to the Pubsub router (which is responsible for choosing who to send messages to). Since the logic for choosing peers to send pubsub messages to is in the router, the same Pubsub impl can back floodsub, gossipsub, etc. """ self.host = host self.router = router self.my_id = my_id # Attach this new Pubsub object to the router self.router.attach(self) # Register a notifee self.peer_queue = asyncio.Queue() self.dead_peer_queue = asyncio.Queue() self.host.get_network().register_notifee( PubsubNotifee(self.peer_queue, self.dead_peer_queue) ) # Register stream handlers for each pubsub router protocol to handle # the pubsub streams opened on those protocols self.protocols = self.router.get_protocols() for protocol in self.protocols: self.host.set_stream_handler(protocol, self.stream_handler) # Use asyncio queues for proper context switching self.incoming_msgs_from_peers = asyncio.Queue() self.outgoing_messages = asyncio.Queue() # keeps track of seen messages as LRU cache if cache_size is None: self.cache_size = 128 else: self.cache_size = cache_size self.seen_messages = LRU(self.cache_size) # Map of topics we are subscribed to blocking queues # for when the given topic receives a message self.my_topics = {} # Map of topic to peers to keep track of what peers are subscribed to self.peer_topics = {} # Create peers map, which maps peer_id (as string) to stream (to a given peer) self.peers = {} # Map of topic to topic validator self.topic_validators = {} self.counter = int(time.time()) self._tasks = [] # Call handle peer to keep waiting for updates to peer queue self._tasks.append(asyncio.ensure_future(self.handle_peer_queue())) self._tasks.append(asyncio.ensure_future(self.handle_dead_peer_queue())) self.strict_signing = strict_signing if strict_signing: self.sign_key = self.host.get_private_key() else: self.sign_key = None def get_hello_packet(self) -> rpc_pb2.RPC: """Generate subscription message with all topics we are subscribed to only send hello packet if we have subscribed topics.""" packet = rpc_pb2.RPC() for topic_id in self.my_topics: packet.subscriptions.extend( [rpc_pb2.RPC.SubOpts(subscribe=True, topicid=topic_id)] ) return packet async def continuously_read_stream(self, stream: INetStream) -> None: """ Read from input stream in an infinite loop. Process messages from other nodes. :param stream: stream to continously read from """ peer_id = stream.muxed_conn.peer_id while True: incoming: bytes = await read_varint_prefixed_bytes(stream) rpc_incoming: rpc_pb2.RPC = rpc_pb2.RPC() rpc_incoming.ParseFromString(incoming) if rpc_incoming.publish: # deal with RPC.publish for msg in rpc_incoming.publish: if not self._is_subscribed_to_msg(msg): continue logger.debug( "received `publish` message %s from peer %s", msg, peer_id ) self._tasks.append( asyncio.ensure_future( self.push_msg(msg_forwarder=peer_id, msg=msg) ) ) if rpc_incoming.subscriptions: # deal with RPC.subscriptions # We don't need to relay the subscription to our # peers because a given node only needs its peers # to know that it is subscribed to the topic (doesn't # need everyone to know) for message in rpc_incoming.subscriptions: logger.debug( "received `subscriptions` message %s from peer %s", message, peer_id, ) self.handle_subscription(peer_id, message) # NOTE: Check if `rpc_incoming.control` is set through `HasField`. # This is necessary because `control` is an optional field in pb2. # Ref: https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/reference/python-generated#singular-fields-proto2 # noqa: E501 if rpc_incoming.HasField("control"): # Pass rpc to router so router could perform custom logic logger.debug( "received `control` message %s from peer %s", rpc_incoming.control, peer_id, ) await self.router.handle_rpc(rpc_incoming, peer_id) # Force context switch await asyncio.sleep(0) def set_topic_validator( self, topic: str, validator: ValidatorFn, is_async_validator: bool ) -> None: """ Register a validator under the given topic. One topic can only have one validtor. :param topic: the topic to register validator under :param validator: the validator used to validate messages published to the topic :param is_async_validator: indicate if the validator is an asynchronous validator """ self.topic_validators[topic] = TopicValidator(validator, is_async_validator) def remove_topic_validator(self, topic: str) -> None: """ Remove the validator from the given topic. :param topic: the topic to remove validator from """ self.topic_validators.pop(topic, None) def get_msg_validators(self, msg: rpc_pb2.Message) -> Tuple[TopicValidator, ...]: """ Get all validators corresponding to the topics in the message. :param msg: the message published to the topic """ return tuple( self.topic_validators[topic] for topic in msg.topicIDs if topic in self.topic_validators ) async def stream_handler(self, stream: INetStream) -> None: """ Stream handler for pubsub. Gets invoked whenever a new stream is created on one of the supported pubsub protocols. :param stream: newly created stream """ peer_id = stream.muxed_conn.peer_id try: await self.continuously_read_stream(stream) except (StreamEOF, StreamReset, ParseError, IncompleteReadError) as error: logger.debug( "fail to read from peer %s, error=%s," "closing the stream and remove the peer from record", peer_id, error, ) await stream.reset() self._handle_dead_peer(peer_id) async def _handle_new_peer(self, peer_id: ID) -> None: try: stream: INetStream = await self.host.new_stream(peer_id, self.protocols) except SwarmException as error: logger.debug("fail to add new peer %s, error %s", peer_id, error) return self.peers[peer_id] = stream # Send hello packet hello = self.get_hello_packet() try: await stream.write(encode_varint_prefixed(hello.SerializeToString())) except StreamClosed: logger.debug("Fail to add new peer %s: stream closed", peer_id) del self.peers[peer_id] return # TODO: Check EOF of this stream. # TODO: Check if the peer in black list. try: self.router.add_peer(peer_id, stream.get_protocol()) except Exception as error: logger.debug("fail to add new peer %s, error %s", peer_id, error) del self.peers[peer_id] return logger.debug("added new peer %s", peer_id) def _handle_dead_peer(self, peer_id: ID) -> None: if peer_id not in self.peers: return del self.peers[peer_id] for topic in self.peer_topics: if peer_id in self.peer_topics[topic]: self.peer_topics[topic].remove(peer_id) self.router.remove_peer(peer_id) logger.debug("removed dead peer %s", peer_id) async def handle_peer_queue(self) -> None: """ Continuously read from peer queue and each time a new peer is found, open a stream to the peer using a supported pubsub protocol TODO: Handle failure for when the peer does not support any of the pubsub protocols we support """ while True: peer_id: ID = await self.peer_queue.get() # Add Peer self._tasks.append(asyncio.ensure_future(self._handle_new_peer(peer_id))) async def handle_dead_peer_queue(self) -> None: """Continuously read from dead peer queue and close the stream between that peer and remove peer info from pubsub and pubsub router.""" while True: peer_id: ID = await self.dead_peer_queue.get() # Remove Peer self._handle_dead_peer(peer_id) def handle_subscription( self, origin_id: ID, sub_message: rpc_pb2.RPC.SubOpts ) -> None: """ Handle an incoming subscription message from a peer. Update internal mapping to mark the peer as subscribed or unsubscribed to topics as defined in the subscription message. :param origin_id: id of the peer who subscribe to the message :param sub_message: RPC.SubOpts """ if sub_message.subscribe: if sub_message.topicid not in self.peer_topics: self.peer_topics[sub_message.topicid] = [origin_id] elif origin_id not in self.peer_topics[sub_message.topicid]: # Add peer to topic self.peer_topics[sub_message.topicid].append(origin_id) else: if sub_message.topicid in self.peer_topics: if origin_id in self.peer_topics[sub_message.topicid]: self.peer_topics[sub_message.topicid].remove(origin_id) # FIXME(mhchia): Change the function name? async def handle_talk(self, publish_message: rpc_pb2.Message) -> None: """ Put incoming message from a peer onto my blocking queue. :param publish_message: RPC.Message format """ # Check if this message has any topics that we are subscribed to for topic in publish_message.topicIDs: if topic in self.my_topics: # we are subscribed to a topic this message was sent for, # so add message to the subscription output queue # for each topic await self.my_topics[topic].put(publish_message) async def subscribe(self, topic_id: str) -> "asyncio.Queue[rpc_pb2.Message]": """ Subscribe ourself to a topic. :param topic_id: topic_id to subscribe to """ logger.debug("subscribing to topic %s", topic_id) # Already subscribed if topic_id in self.my_topics: return self.my_topics[topic_id] # Map topic_id to blocking queue self.my_topics[topic_id] = asyncio.Queue() # Create subscribe message packet: rpc_pb2.RPC = rpc_pb2.RPC() packet.subscriptions.extend( [rpc_pb2.RPC.SubOpts(subscribe=True, topicid=topic_id)] ) # Send out subscribe message to all peers await self.message_all_peers(packet.SerializeToString()) # Tell router we are joining this topic await self.router.join(topic_id) # Return the asyncio queue for messages on this topic return self.my_topics[topic_id] async def unsubscribe(self, topic_id: str) -> None: """ Unsubscribe ourself from a topic. :param topic_id: topic_id to unsubscribe from """ logger.debug("unsubscribing from topic %s", topic_id) # Return if we already unsubscribed from the topic if topic_id not in self.my_topics: return # Remove topic_id from map if present del self.my_topics[topic_id] # Create unsubscribe message packet: rpc_pb2.RPC = rpc_pb2.RPC() packet.subscriptions.extend( [rpc_pb2.RPC.SubOpts(subscribe=False, topicid=topic_id)] ) # Send out unsubscribe message to all peers await self.message_all_peers(packet.SerializeToString()) # Tell router we are leaving this topic await self.router.leave(topic_id) async def message_all_peers(self, raw_msg: bytes) -> None: """ Broadcast a message to peers. :param raw_msg: raw contents of the message to broadcast """ # Broadcast message for stream in self.peers.values(): # Write message to stream try: await stream.write(encode_varint_prefixed(raw_msg)) except StreamClosed: peer_id = stream.muxed_conn.peer_id logger.debug("Fail to message peer %s: stream closed", peer_id) self._handle_dead_peer(peer_id) async def publish(self, topic_id: str, data: bytes) -> None: """ Publish data to a topic. :param topic_id: topic which we are going to publish the data to :param data: data which we are publishing """ msg = rpc_pb2.Message( data=data, topicIDs=[topic_id], # Origin is ourself. from_id=self.host.get_id().to_bytes(), seqno=self._next_seqno(), ) if self.strict_signing: priv_key = self.sign_key signature = priv_key.sign( PUBSUB_SIGNING_PREFIX.encode() + msg.SerializeToString() ) msg.key = self.host.get_public_key().serialize() msg.signature = signature await self.push_msg(self.host.get_id(), msg) logger.debug("successfully published message %s", msg) async def validate_msg(self, msg_forwarder: ID, msg: rpc_pb2.Message) -> None: """ Validate the received message. :param msg_forwarder: the peer who forward us the message. :param msg: the message. """ sync_topic_validators = [] async_topic_validator_futures: List[Awaitable[bool]] = [] for topic_validator in self.get_msg_validators(msg): if topic_validator.is_async: async_topic_validator_futures.append( cast(Awaitable[bool], topic_validator.validator(msg_forwarder, msg)) ) else: sync_topic_validators.append( cast(SyncValidatorFn, topic_validator.validator) ) for validator in sync_topic_validators: if not validator(msg_forwarder, msg): raise ValidationError(f"Validation failed for msg={msg}") # TODO: Implement throttle on async validators if len(async_topic_validator_futures) > 0: results = await asyncio.gather(*async_topic_validator_futures) if not all(results): raise ValidationError(f"Validation failed for msg={msg}") async def push_msg(self, msg_forwarder: ID, msg: rpc_pb2.Message) -> None: """ Push a pubsub message to others. :param msg_forwarder: the peer who forward us the message. :param msg: the message we are going to push out. """ logger.debug("attempting to publish message %s", msg) # TODO: Check if the `source` is in the blacklist. If yes, reject. # TODO: Check if the `from` is in the blacklist. If yes, reject. # If the message is processed before, return(i.e., don't further process the message). if self._is_msg_seen(msg): return # Check if signing is required and if so validate the signature if self.strict_signing: # Validate the signature of the message if not signature_validator(msg): logger.debug("Signature validation failed for msg: %s", msg) return # Validate the message with registered topic validators. # If the validation failed, return(i.e., don't further process the message). try: await self.validate_msg(msg_forwarder, msg) except ValidationError: logger.debug( "Topic validation failed: sender %s sent data %s under topic IDs: %s", f"{base58.b58encode(msg.from_id).decode()}:{msg.seqno.hex()}", msg.data.hex(), msg.topicIDs, ) return self._mark_msg_seen(msg) await self.handle_talk(msg) await self.router.publish(msg_forwarder, msg) def _next_seqno(self) -> bytes: """Make the next message sequence id.""" self.counter += 1 return self.counter.to_bytes(8, "big") def _is_msg_seen(self, msg: rpc_pb2.Message) -> bool: msg_id = get_msg_id(msg) return msg_id in self.seen_messages def _mark_msg_seen(self, msg: rpc_pb2.Message) -> None: msg_id = get_msg_id(msg) # FIXME: Mapping `msg_id` to `1` is quite awkward. Should investigate if there is a # more appropriate way. self.seen_messages[msg_id] = 1 def _is_subscribed_to_msg(self, msg: rpc_pb2.Message) -> bool: if not self.my_topics: return False return any(topic in self.my_topics for topic in msg.topicIDs) async def close(self) -> None: for task in self._tasks: task.cancel() try: await task except asyncio.CancelledError: pass