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<h1>Python Enhancement Proposals</h1>
<ul class="breadcrumbs">
<li><a href="https://www.python.org/" title="The Python Programming Language">Python</a> &raquo; </li>
<li><a href="../pep-0000/">PEP Index</a> &raquo; </li>
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<article>
<section id="pep-content">
<h1 class="page-title">PEP 12 – Sample reStructuredText PEP Template</h1>
<dl class="rfc2822 field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Author<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd">David Goodger &lt;goodger&#32;&#97;t&#32;python.org&gt;,
Barry Warsaw &lt;barry&#32;&#97;t&#32;python.org&gt;,
Brett Cannon &lt;brett&#32;&#97;t&#32;python.org&gt;</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Status<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><abbr title="Currently valid informational guidance, or an in-use process">Active</abbr></dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Type<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><abbr title="Normative PEP describing or proposing a change to a Python community process, workflow or governance">Process</abbr></dd>
<dt class="field-even">Created<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even">05-Aug-2002</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Post-History<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><a class="reference external" href="https://mail.python.org/archives/list/python-dev&#64;python.org/thread/KX3AS7QAY26QH3WIUAEOCCNXQ4V2TGGV/" title="Python-Dev thread">30-Aug-2002</a></dd>
</dl>
<hr class="docutils" />
<section id="contents">
<details><summary>Table of Contents</summary><ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#rationale">Rationale</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-to-use-this-template">How to Use This Template</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#restructuredtext-pep-formatting-requirements">ReStructuredText PEP Formatting Requirements</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#general">General</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#section-headings">Section Headings</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#paragraphs">Paragraphs</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#inline-markup">Inline Markup</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#block-quotes">Block Quotes</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#literal-blocks">Literal Blocks</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#lists">Lists</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#tables">Tables</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#hyperlinks">Hyperlinks</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#internal-and-pep-rfc-links">Internal and PEP/RFC Links</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#footnotes">Footnotes</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#images">Images</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#comments">Comments</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#escaping-mechanism">Escaping Mechanism</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#canonical-documentation-and-intersphinx">Canonical Documentation and Intersphinx</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#habits-to-avoid">Habits to Avoid</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#suggested-sections">Suggested Sections</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#copyright">Copyright</a></li>
</ul>
</details></section>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>For those who have written a PEP before, there is a <a class="reference internal" href="#template">template</a>
(which is included as a file in the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/peps/">PEPs repository</a>).</p>
</div>
<section id="abstract">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#abstract" role="doc-backlink">Abstract</a></h2>
<p>This PEP provides a boilerplate or sample template for creating your
own reStructuredText PEPs. In conjunction with the content guidelines
in <a class="pep reference internal" href="../pep-0001/" title="PEP 1 – PEP Purpose and Guidelines">PEP 1</a>, this should make it easy for you to conform your own
PEPs to the format outlined below.</p>
<p>Note: if you are reading this PEP via the web, you should first grab
the text (reStructuredText) source of this PEP in order to complete
the steps below. <strong>DO NOT USE THE HTML FILE AS YOUR TEMPLATE!</strong></p>
<p>The source for this (or any) PEP can be found in the
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/peps/">PEPs repository</a>,
as well as via a link at the bottom of each PEP.</p>
</section>
<section id="rationale">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#rationale" role="doc-backlink">Rationale</a></h2>
<p>If you intend to submit a PEP, you MUST use this template, in
conjunction with the format guidelines below, to ensure that your PEP
submission won’t get automatically rejected because of form.</p>
<p>ReStructuredText provides PEP authors with useful functionality and
expressivity, while maintaining easy readability in the source text.
The processed HTML form makes the functionality accessible to readers:
live hyperlinks, styled text, tables, images, and automatic tables of
contents, among other advantages.</p>
</section>
<section id="how-to-use-this-template">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#how-to-use-this-template" role="doc-backlink">How to Use This Template</a></h2>
<p>To use this template you must first decide whether your PEP is going
to be an Informational or Standards Track PEP. Most PEPs are
Standards Track because they propose a new feature for the Python
language or standard library. When in doubt, read <a class="pep reference internal" href="../pep-0001/" title="PEP 1 – PEP Purpose and Guidelines">PEP 1</a> for details,
or open a tracker issue on the PEPs repo to ask for assistance.</p>
<p>Once you’ve decided which type of PEP yours is going to be, follow the
directions below.</p>
<ul>
<li>Make a copy of this file (the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.rst</span></code> file, <strong>not</strong> the HTML!) and
perform the following edits. Name the new file <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pep-</span><em><span class="pre">NNNN</span></em><span class="pre">.rst</span></code>, using
the next available number (not used by a published or in-PR PEP).</li>
<li>Replace the “PEP: 12” header with “PEP: NNNN”,
matching the file name. Note that the file name should be padded with
zeros (eg <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pep-0012.rst</span></code>), but the header should not (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PEP:</span> <span class="pre">12</span></code>).</li>
<li>Change the Title header to the title of your PEP.</li>
<li>Change the Author header to include your name, and optionally your
email address. Be sure to follow the format carefully: your name
must appear first, and it must not be contained in parentheses.
Your email address may appear second (or it can be omitted) and if
it appears, it must appear in angle brackets. It is okay to
obfuscate your email address.</li>
<li>If none of the authors are Python core developers, include a Sponsor
header with the name of the core developer sponsoring your PEP.</li>
<li>Add the direct URL of the PEP’s canonical discussion thread
(on e.g. Python-Dev, Discourse, etc) under the Discussions-To header.
If the thread will be created after the PEP is submitted as an official
draft, it is okay to just list the venue name initially, but remember to
update the PEP with the URL as soon as the PEP is successfully merged
to the PEPs repository and you create the corresponding discussion thread.
See <a class="pep reference internal" href="../pep-0001/#discussing-a-pep" title="PEP 1 – PEP Purpose and Guidelines § Discussing a PEP">PEP 1</a> for more details.</li>
<li>Change the Status header to “Draft”.</li>
<li>For Standards Track PEPs, change the Type header to “Standards
Track”.</li>
<li>For Informational PEPs, change the Type header to “Informational”.</li>
<li>For Standards Track PEPs, if your feature depends on the acceptance
of some other currently in-development PEP, add a Requires header
right after the Type header. The value should be the PEP number of
the PEP yours depends on. Don’t add this header if your dependent
feature is described in a Final PEP.</li>
<li>Change the Created header to today’s date. Be sure to follow the
format carefully: it must be in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dd-mmm-yyyy</span></code> format, where the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mmm</span></code> is the 3 English letter month abbreviation, i.e. one of Jan,
Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec.</li>
<li>For Standards Track PEPs, after the Created header, add a
Python-Version header and set the value to the next planned version
of Python, i.e. the one your new feature will hopefully make its
first appearance in. Do not use an alpha or beta release
designation here. Thus, if the last version of Python was 2.2 alpha
1 and you’re hoping to get your new feature into Python 2.2, set the
header to:<div class="highlight-email notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nt">Python-Version:</span><span class="w"> </span>2.2
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li>Add a Topic header if the PEP belongs under one shown at the <a class="reference internal" href="../topic/#topic-index"><span class="std std-ref">Topic Index</span></a>.
Most PEPs don’t.</li>
<li>Leave Post-History alone for now; you’ll add dates and corresponding links
to this header each time you post your PEP to the designated discussion forum
(and update the Discussions-To header with said link, as above).
For each thread, use the date (in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dd-mmm-yyy</span></code> format) as the
linked text, and insert the URLs inline as anonymous reST <a class="reference internal" href="#hyperlinks">hyperlinks</a>,
with commas in between each posting.<p>If you posted threads for your PEP on August 14, 2001 and September 3, 2001,
the Post-History header would look like, e.g.:</p>
<div class="highlight-email notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nt">Post-History:</span><span class="w"> </span>`14-Aug-2001<span class="w"> </span>&lt;https://<span class="nf">www.example.com</span>/thread_1&gt;`__,
<span class="w"> </span>`03-Sept-2001<span class="w"> </span>&lt;https://<span class="nf">www.example.com</span>/thread_2&gt;`__
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You should add the new dates/links here as soon as you post a
new discussion thread.</p>
</li>
<li>Add a Replaces header if your PEP obsoletes an earlier PEP. The
value of this header is the number of the PEP that your new PEP is
replacing. Only add this header if the older PEP is in “final”
form, i.e. is either Accepted, Final, or Rejected. You aren’t
replacing an older open PEP if you’re submitting a competing idea.</li>
<li>Now write your Abstract, Rationale, and other content for your PEP,
replacing all this gobbledygook with your own text. Be sure to
adhere to the format guidelines below, specifically on the
prohibition of tab characters and the indentation requirements.
See “Suggested Sections” below for a template of sections to include.</li>
<li>Update your Footnotes section, listing any footnotes and
non-inline link targets referenced by the text.</li>
<li>Run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">./build.py</span></code> to ensure the PEP is rendered without errors,
and check that the output in <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">build/pep-</span><em><span class="pre">NNNN</span></em><span class="pre">.html</span></code> looks as you intend.</li>
<li>Create a pull request against the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/peps/">PEPs repository</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p>For reference, here are all of the possible header fields (everything
in brackets should either be replaced or have the field removed if
it has a leading <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*</span></code> marking it as optional and it does not apply to
your PEP):</p>
<div class="highlight-email notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nt">PEP:</span><span class="w"> </span>[NNN]
<span class="nt">Title:</span><span class="w"> </span>[...]
<span class="nt">Author:</span><span class="w"> </span>[Full<span class="w"> </span>Name<span class="w"> </span>&lt;email<span class="w"> </span>at<span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">example.com</span>&gt;]
<span class="nt">Sponsor:</span><span class="w"> </span>*[Full<span class="w"> </span>Name<span class="w"> </span>&lt;email<span class="w"> </span>at<span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">example.com</span>&gt;]
<span class="nt">PEP-Delegate:</span>
<span class="nt">Discussions-To:</span><span class="w"> </span>[URL]
<span class="nt">Status:</span><span class="w"> </span>Draft
<span class="nt">Type:</span><span class="w"> </span>[Standards<span class="w"> </span>Track<span class="w"> </span>|<span class="w"> </span>Informational<span class="w"> </span>|<span class="w"> </span>Process]
<span class="nt">Topic:</span><span class="w"> </span>*[Governance<span class="w"> </span>|<span class="w"> </span>Packaging<span class="w"> </span>|<span class="w"> </span>Release<span class="w"> </span>|<span class="w"> </span>Typing]
<span class="nt">Requires:</span><span class="w"> </span>*[NNN]
<span class="nt">Created:</span><span class="w"> </span>[DD-MMM-YYYY]
<span class="nt">Python-Version:</span><span class="w"> </span>*[M.N]
<span class="nt">Post-History:</span><span class="w"> </span>[`DD-MMM-YYYY<span class="w"> </span>&lt;URL&gt;`__]
<span class="nt">Replaces:</span><span class="w"> </span>*[NNN]
<span class="nt">Superseded-By:</span><span class="w"> </span>*[NNN]
<span class="nt">Resolution:</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="restructuredtext-pep-formatting-requirements">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#restructuredtext-pep-formatting-requirements" role="doc-backlink">ReStructuredText PEP Formatting Requirements</a></h2>
<p>The following is a PEP-specific summary of reStructuredText syntax.
For the sake of simplicity and brevity, much detail is omitted. For
more detail, see <a class="reference internal" href="#resources">Resources</a> below. <a class="reference internal" href="#literal-blocks">Literal blocks</a> (in which no
markup processing is done) are used for examples throughout, to
illustrate the plaintext markup.</p>
<section id="general">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#general" role="doc-backlink">General</a></h3>
<p>Lines should usually not extend past column 79,
excepting URLs and similar circumstances.
Tab characters must never appear in the document at all.</p>
</section>
<section id="section-headings">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#section-headings" role="doc-backlink">Section Headings</a></h3>
<p>PEP headings must begin in column zero and the initial letter of each
word must be capitalized as in book titles. Acronyms should be in all
capitals. Section titles must be adorned with an underline, a single
repeated punctuation character, which begins in column zero and must
extend at least as far as the right edge of the title text (4
characters minimum). First-level section titles are underlined with
“=” (equals signs), second-level section titles with “-” (hyphens),
and third-level section titles with “’” (single quotes or
apostrophes). For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gh">First-Level Title</span>
<span class="gh">=================</span>
<span class="gh">Second-Level Title</span>
<span class="gh">------------------</span>
<span class="gh">Third-Level Title</span>
<span class="gh">&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If there are more than three levels of sections in your PEP, you may
insert overline/underline-adorned titles for the first and second
levels as follows:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gh">============================</span>
<span class="gh">First-Level Title (optional)</span>
<span class="gh">============================</span>
<span class="gh">-----------------------------</span>
<span class="gh">Second-Level Title (optional)</span>
<span class="gh">-----------------------------</span>
<span class="gh">Third-Level Title</span>
<span class="gh">=================</span>
<span class="gh">Fourth-Level Title</span>
<span class="gh">------------------</span>
<span class="gh">Fifth-Level Title</span>
<span class="gh">&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You shouldn’t have more than five levels of sections in your PEP. If
you do, you should consider rewriting it.</p>
<p>You must use two blank lines between the last line of a section’s body
and the next section heading. If a subsection heading immediately
follows a section heading, a single blank line in-between is
sufficient.</p>
<p>The body of each section is not normally indented, although some
constructs do use indentation, as described below. Blank lines are
used to separate constructs.</p>
</section>
<section id="paragraphs">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#paragraphs" role="doc-backlink">Paragraphs</a></h3>
<p>Paragraphs are left-aligned text blocks separated by blank lines.
Paragraphs are not indented unless they are part of an indented
construct (such as a block quote or a list item).</p>
</section>
<section id="inline-markup">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#inline-markup" role="doc-backlink">Inline Markup</a></h3>
<p>Portions of text within paragraphs and other text blocks may be
styled. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Text may be marked as <span class="ge">*emphasized*</span> (single asterisk markup,
typically shown in italics) or <span class="gs">**strongly emphasized**</span> (double
asterisks, typically boldface). <span class="s">``Inline literals``</span> (using double
backquotes) are typically rendered in a monospaced typeface. No
further markup recognition is done within the double backquotes,
so they&#39;re safe for any kind of code snippets.
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="block-quotes">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#block-quotes" role="doc-backlink">Block Quotes</a></h3>
<p>Block quotes consist of indented body elements. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>This is a paragraph.
This is a block quote.
A block quote may contain many paragraphs.
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Block quotes are used to quote extended passages from other sources.
Block quotes may be nested inside other body elements. Use 4 spaces
per indent level.</p>
</section>
<section id="literal-blocks">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#literal-blocks" role="doc-backlink">Literal Blocks</a></h3>
<p>Literal blocks are used for code samples and other preformatted text.
To indicate a literal block, preface the indented text block with
“<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">::</span></code>” (two colons), or use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">..</span> <span class="pre">code-block::</span></code> directive.
Indent the text block by 4 spaces; the literal block continues until the end
of the indentation. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>This is a typical paragraph. A literal block follows.
<span class="se">::</span>
<span class="s"> for a in [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]: # this is program code, shown as-is</span>
<span class="s"> print(a)</span>
<span class="s"> print(&quot;it&#39;s...&quot;)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>“<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">::</span></code>” is also recognized at the end of any paragraph; if not immediately
preceded by whitespace, one colon will remain visible in the final output:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>This is an example::
Literal block
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>By default, literal blocks will be syntax-highlighted as Python code.
For specific blocks that contain code or data in other languages/formats,
use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">..</span> <span class="pre">code-block::</span> <span class="pre">language</span></code> directive, substituting the “short name”
of the appropriate <a class="reference external" href="https://pygments.org/docs/lexers/">Pygments lexer</a>
(or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">text</span></code> to disable highlighting) for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">language</span></code>. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">..</span> <span class="ow">code-block</span><span class="p">::</span> rst
An example of the <span class="s">``rst``</span> lexer (i.e. <span class="ge">*reStructuredText*</span>).
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>For PEPs that predominantly contain literal blocks of a specific language,
use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">..</span> <span class="pre">highlight::</span> <span class="pre">language</span></code> directive with the appropriate <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">language</span></code>
at the top of the PEP body (below the headers and above the Abstract).
All literal blocks will then be treated as that language,
unless specified otherwise in the specific <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">..</span> <span class="pre">code-block</span></code>. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">..</span> <span class="ow">highlight</span><span class="p">::</span> c
<span class="gh">Abstract</span>
<span class="gh">========</span>
Here&#39;s some C code::
printf(&quot;Hello, World!\n&quot;);
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="lists">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#lists" role="doc-backlink">Lists</a></h3>
<p>Bullet list items begin with one of “-”, “*”, or “+” (hyphen,
asterisk, or plus sign), followed by whitespace and the list item
body. List item bodies must be left-aligned and indented relative to
the bullet; the text immediately after the bullet determines the
indentation. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>This paragraph is followed by a list.
<span class="m">*</span> This is the first bullet list item. The blank line above the
first list item is required; blank lines between list items
(such as below this paragraph) are optional.
<span class="m">*</span> This is the first paragraph in the second item in the list.
This is the second paragraph in the second item in the list.
The blank line above this paragraph is required. The left edge
of this paragraph lines up with the paragraph above, both
indented relative to the bullet.
<span class="m">-</span> This is a sublist. The bullet lines up with the left edge of
the text blocks above. A sublist is a new list so requires a
blank line above and below.
<span class="m">*</span> This is the third item of the main list.
This paragraph is not part of the list.
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Enumerated (numbered) list items are similar, but use an enumerator
instead of a bullet. Enumerators are numbers (1, 2, 3, …), letters
(A, B, C, …; uppercase or lowercase), or Roman numerals (i, ii, iii,
iv, …; uppercase or lowercase), formatted with a period suffix
(“1.”, “2.”), parentheses (“(1)”, “(2)”), or a right-parenthesis
suffix (“1)”, “2)”). For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="m">1.</span> As with bullet list items, the left edge of paragraphs must
align.
<span class="m">2.</span> Each list item may contain multiple paragraphs, sublists, etc.
This is the second paragraph of the second list item.
a) Enumerated lists may be nested.
b) Blank lines may be omitted between list items.
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Definition lists are written like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>what
Definition lists associate a term with a definition.
how
The term is a one-line phrase, and the definition is one
or more paragraphs or body elements, indented relative to
the term.
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="tables">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#tables" role="doc-backlink">Tables</a></h3>
<p>Simple tables are easy and compact:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>===== ===== =======
A B A and B
===== ===== =======
False False False
True False False
False True False
True True True
===== ===== =======
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>There must be at least two columns in a table (to differentiate from
section titles). Column spans use underlines of hyphens (“Inputs”
spans the first two columns):</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>===== ===== ======
Inputs Output
------------ ------
A B A or B
===== ===== ======
False False False
True False True
False True True
True True True
===== ===== ======
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Text in a first-column cell starts a new row. No text in the first
column indicates a continuation line; the rest of the cells may
consist of multiple lines. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>===== =========================
col 1 col 2
===== =========================
1 Second column of row 1.
2 Second column of row 2.
Second line of paragraph.
3 - Second column of row 3.
<span class="m">-</span> Second item in bullet
list (row 3, column 2).
===== =========================
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="hyperlinks">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#hyperlinks" role="doc-backlink">Hyperlinks</a></h3>
<p>When referencing an external web page in the body of a PEP, you should
include the title of the page or a suitable description in the text, with
either an inline hyperlink or a separate explicit target with the URL.
Do not include bare URLs in the body text of the PEP, and use HTTPS
links wherever available.</p>
<p>Hyperlink references use backquotes and a trailing underscore to mark
up the reference text; backquotes are optional if the reference text
is a single word. For example, to reference a hyperlink target named
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Python</span> <span class="pre">website</span></code>, you would write:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>In this paragraph, we refer to the <span class="s">`Python website`_</span>.
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you intend to only reference a link once, and want to define it inline
with the text, insert the link into angle brackets (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;&gt;</span></code>) after the text
you want to link, but before the closing backtick, with a space between the
text and the opening backtick. You should also use a double-underscore after
the closing backtick instead of a single one, which makes it an anonymous
reference to avoid conflicting with other target names. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Visit the <span class="s">`website </span><span class="si">&lt;https://www.python.org/&gt;</span><span class="s">`__</span> for more.
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you want to use one link multiple places with different linked text,
or want to ensure you don’t have to update your link target names when
changing the linked text, include the target name within angle brackets
following the text to link, <em>with an underscore after the target name
but before the closing angle bracket</em> (or the link <strong>will not work</strong>).
For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>For further examples, see the <span class="s">`documentation </span><span class="si">&lt;pydocs_&gt;</span><span class="s">`_</span>.
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>An explicit target provides the URL. Put targets in the Footnotes section
at the end of the PEP, or immediately after the paragraph with the reference.
Hyperlink targets begin with two periods and a space (the “explicit
markup start”), followed by a leading underscore, the reference text,
a colon, and the URL.</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">..</span> <span class="nt">_Python web site:</span> https://www.python.org/
<span class="p">..</span> <span class="nt">_pydocs:</span> https://docs.python.org/
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The reference text and the target text must match (although the match
is case-insensitive and ignores differences in whitespace). Note that
the underscore trails the reference text but precedes the target text.
If you think of the underscore as a right-pointing arrow, it points
<em>away</em> from the reference and <em>toward</em> the target.</p>
</section>
<section id="internal-and-pep-rfc-links">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#internal-and-pep-rfc-links" role="doc-backlink">Internal and PEP/RFC Links</a></h3>
<p>The same mechanism as hyperlinks can be used for internal references.
Every unique section title implicitly defines an internal hyperlink target.
We can make a link to the Abstract section like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Here is a hyperlink reference to the <span class="s">`Abstract`_</span> section. The
backquotes are optional since the reference text is a single word;
we can also just write: Abstract_.
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To refer to PEPs or RFCs, always use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:pep:</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:rfc:</span></code> roles,
never hardcoded URLs.
For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>See <span class="na">:pep:</span><span class="nv">`1`</span> for more information on how to write a PEP,
and <span class="na">:pep:</span><span class="nv">`the Hyperlink section of PEP 12 &lt;12#hyperlinks&gt;`</span> for how to link.
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This renders as:</p>
<blockquote>
<div>See <a class="pep reference internal" href="../pep-0001/" title="PEP 1 – PEP Purpose and Guidelines">PEP 1</a> for more information on how to write a PEP,
and <a class="pep reference internal" href="../pep-0012/#hyperlinks" title="PEP 12 – Sample reStructuredText PEP Template § Hyperlinks">the Hyperlink section of PEP 12</a> for how to link.</div></blockquote>
<p>PEP numbers in the text are never padded, and there is a space (not a dash)
between “PEP” or “RFC” and the number; the above roles will take care of
that for you.</p>
</section>
<section id="footnotes">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#footnotes" role="doc-backlink">Footnotes</a></h3>
<p>Footnote references consist of a left square bracket, a label, a
right square bracket, and a trailing underscore.
Instead of a number, use a label of the
form “#word”, where “word” is a mnemonic consisting of alphanumerics
plus internal hyphens, underscores, and periods (no whitespace or
other characters are allowed).
For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Refer to The TeXbook <span class="s">[#TeXbook]_</span> for more information.
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>which renders as</p>
<blockquote>
<div>Refer to The TeXbook <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#texbook" id="id1">[1]</a> for more information.</div></blockquote>
<p>Whitespace must precede the footnote reference. Leave a space between
the footnote reference and the preceding word.</p>
<p>Use footnotes for additional notes, explanations and caveats, as well as
for references to books and other sources not readily available online.
Native reST hyperlink targets or inline hyperlinks in the text should be
used in preference to footnotes for including URLs to online resources.</p>
<p>Footnotes begin with “.. “ (the explicit
markup start), followed by the footnote marker (no underscores),
followed by the footnote body. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">..</span> <span class="nt">[#TeXbook]</span> Donald Knuth&#39;s <span class="ge">*The TeXbook*</span>, pages 195 and 196.
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>which renders as</p>
<blockquote>
<div><aside class="footnote-list brackets">
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="texbook" role="doc-footnote">
<dt class="label" id="texbook">[<a href="#id1">1</a>]</dt>
<dd>Donald Knuth’s <em>The TeXbook</em>, pages 195 and 196.</aside>
</aside>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Footnotes and footnote references will be numbered automatically, and
the numbers will always match.</p>
</section>
<section id="images">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#images" role="doc-backlink">Images</a></h3>
<p>If your PEP contains a diagram or other graphic, you may include it in the
processed output using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">image</span></code> directive:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">..</span> <span class="ow">image</span><span class="p">::</span> diagram.png
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Any browser-friendly graphics format is possible; PNG should be
preferred for graphics, JPEG for photos and GIF for animations.
Currently, SVG must be avoided due to compatibility issues with the
PEP build system.</p>
<p>For accessibility and readers of the source text, you should include
a description of the image and any key information contained within
using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:alt:</span></code> option to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">image</span></code> directive:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">..</span> <span class="ow">image</span><span class="p">::</span> dataflow.png
<span class="nc">:alt:</span> Data flows from the input module, through the &quot;black box&quot;
module, and finally into (and through) the output module.
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="comments">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#comments" role="doc-backlink">Comments</a></h3>
<p>A comment is an indented block of arbitrary text immediately
following an explicit markup start: two periods and whitespace. Leave
the “..” on a line by itself to ensure that the comment is not
misinterpreted as another explicit markup construct. Comments are not
visible in the processed document. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">..</span>
<span class="cp"> This section should be updated in the final PEP.</span>
<span class="cp"> Ensure the date is accurate.</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="escaping-mechanism">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#escaping-mechanism" role="doc-backlink">Escaping Mechanism</a></h3>
<p>reStructuredText uses backslashes (”<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\</span></code>”) to override the special
meaning given to markup characters and get the literal characters
themselves. To get a literal backslash, use an escaped backslash
(”<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\\</span></code>”). There are two contexts in which backslashes have no
special meaning: <a class="reference internal" href="#literal-blocks">literal blocks</a> and inline literals (see <a class="reference internal" href="#inline-markup">Inline
Markup</a> above). In these contexts, no markup recognition is done,
and a single backslash represents a literal backslash, without having
to double up.</p>
<p>If you find that you need to use a backslash in your text, consider
using inline literals or a literal block instead.</p>
</section>
<section id="canonical-documentation-and-intersphinx">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#canonical-documentation-and-intersphinx" role="doc-backlink">Canonical Documentation and Intersphinx</a></h3>
<p>As <a class="pep reference internal" href="../pep-0001/#pep-maintenance" title="PEP 1 – PEP Purpose and Guidelines § PEP Maintenance">PEP 1 describes</a>,
PEPs are considered historical documents once marked Final,
and their canonical documentation/specification should be moved elsewhere.
To indicate this, use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">canonical-doc</span></code> directive
or an appropriate subclass:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">canonical-pypa-spec</span></code> for packaging standards</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">canonical-typing-spec</span></code> for typing standards</li>
</ul>
<p>Furthermore, you can use
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/extensions/intersphinx.html">Intersphinx references</a>
to other Sphinx sites,
currently the <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/">Python documentation</a>
and <a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/">packaging.python.org</a>,
to easily cross-reference pages, sections and Python/C objects.
This works with both the “canonical” directives and anywhere in your PEP.</p>
<p>Add the directive between the headers and the first section of the PEP
(typically the Abstract)
and pass as an argument an Intersphinx reference of the canonical doc/spec
(or if the target is not on a Sphinx site, a <a class="reference internal" href="#hyperlinks">reST hyperlink</a>).</p>
<p>For example,
to create a banner pointing to the <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html#module-sqlite3" title="(in Python v3.12)"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sqlite3</span></code></a> docs,
you would write the following:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">..</span> <span class="ow">canonical-doc</span><span class="p">::</span> <span class="na">:mod:</span><span class="nv">`python:sqlite3`</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>which would generate the banner:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><div class="pep-banner canonical-doc sticky-banner admonition important">
<p class="admonition-title">Important</p>
<p>This PEP is a historical document. The up-to-date, canonical documentation can now be found at <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html#module-sqlite3" title="(in Python v3.12)"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sqlite3</span></code></a>.</p>
<p class="close-button">×</p>
<p>See <a class="pep reference internal" href="../pep-0001/" title="PEP 1 – PEP Purpose and Guidelines">PEP 1</a> for how to propose changes.</p>
</div>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Or for a PyPA spec,
such as the <a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/core-metadata/#core-metadata" title="(in Python Packaging User Guide)"><span>Core metadata specifications</span></a>,
you would use:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">..</span> <span class="ow">canonical-pypa-spec</span><span class="p">::</span> <span class="na">:ref:</span><span class="nv">`packaging:core-metadata`</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>which renders as:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><div class="pep-banner canonical-pypa-spec sticky-banner admonition attention">
<p class="admonition-title">Attention</p>
<p>This PEP is a historical document. The up-to-date, canonical spec, <a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/core-metadata/#core-metadata" title="(in Python Packaging User Guide)"><span>Core metadata specifications</span></a>, is maintained on the <a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/">PyPA specs page</a>.</p>
<p class="close-button">×</p>
<p>See the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.pypa.io/en/latest/specifications/#handling-fixes-and-other-minor-updates">PyPA specification update process</a> for how to propose changes.</p>
</div>
</div></blockquote>
<p>The argument accepts arbitrary reST,
so you can include multiple linked docs/specs and name them whatever you like,
and you can also include directive content that will be inserted into the text.
The following advanced example:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">..</span> <span class="ow">canonical-doc</span><span class="p">::</span> the <span class="na">:ref:</span><span class="nv">`python:sqlite3-connection-objects`</span> and <span class="na">:exc:</span><span class="nv">`python:~sqlite3.DataError`</span> docs
Also, see the <span class="na">:ref:</span><span class="nv">`Data Persistence docs &lt;persistence&gt;`</span> for other examples.
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>would render as:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><div class="pep-banner canonical-doc sticky-banner admonition important">
<p class="admonition-title">Important</p>
<p>This PEP is a historical document. The up-to-date, canonical documentation can now be found at the <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html#sqlite3-connection-objects" title="(in Python v3.12)"><span>Connection objects</span></a> and <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html#sqlite3.DataError" title="(in Python v3.12)"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sqlite3.DataError</span></code></a> docs.</p>
<p class="close-button">×</p>
<p>Also, see the <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/persistence.html#persistence" title="(in Python v3.12)"><span class="xref std std-ref">Data Persistence docs</span></a> for other examples.</p>
<p>See <a class="pep reference internal" href="../pep-0001/" title="PEP 1 – PEP Purpose and Guidelines">PEP 1</a> for how to propose changes.</p>
</div>
</div></blockquote>
</section>
</section>
<section id="habits-to-avoid">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#habits-to-avoid" role="doc-backlink">Habits to Avoid</a></h2>
<p>Many programmers who are familiar with TeX often write quotation marks
like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>`single-quoted&#39; or ``double-quoted&#39;&#39;
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Backquotes are significant in reStructuredText, so this practice
should be avoided. For ordinary text, use ordinary ‘single-quotes’ or
“double-quotes”. For inline literal text (see <a class="reference internal" href="#inline-markup">Inline Markup</a>
above), use double-backquotes:</p>
<div class="highlight-rst notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s">``literal text: in here, anything goes!``</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="suggested-sections">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#suggested-sections" role="doc-backlink">Suggested Sections</a></h2>
<p>Various sections are found to be common across PEPs and are outlined in
<a class="pep reference internal" href="../pep-0001/" title="PEP 1 – PEP Purpose and Guidelines">PEP 1</a>. Those sections are provided here for convenience.</p>
<div class="code rst highlight-rst notranslate" id="template"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>PEP: &lt;REQUIRED: pep number&gt;
Title: &lt;REQUIRED: pep title&gt;
Author: &lt;REQUIRED: list of authors&#39; real names and optionally, email addrs&gt;
Sponsor: &lt;real name of sponsor&gt;
PEP-Delegate: &lt;PEP delegate&#39;s real name&gt;
Discussions-To: &lt;REQUIRED: URL of current canonical discussion thread&gt;
Status: &lt;REQUIRED: Draft | Active | Accepted | Provisional | Deferred | Rejected | Withdrawn | Final | Superseded&gt;
Type: &lt;REQUIRED: Standards Track | Informational | Process&gt;
Topic: &lt;Governance | Packaging | Release | Typing&gt;
Requires: &lt;pep numbers&gt;
Created: &lt;date created on, in dd-mmm-yyyy format&gt;
Python-Version: &lt;version number&gt;
Post-History: &lt;REQUIRED: dates, in dd-mmm-yyyy format, and corresponding links to PEP discussion threads&gt;
Replaces: &lt;pep number&gt;
Superseded-By: &lt;pep number&gt;
Resolution: &lt;url&gt;
<span class="gh">Abstract</span>
<span class="gh">========</span>
[A short (~200 word) description of the technical issue being addressed.]
<span class="gh">Motivation</span>
<span class="gh">==========</span>
[Clearly explain why the existing language specification is inadequate to address the problem that the PEP solves.]
<span class="gh">Rationale</span>
<span class="gh">=========</span>
[Describe why particular design decisions were made.]
<span class="gh">Specification</span>
<span class="gh">=============</span>
[Describe the syntax and semantics of any new language feature.]
<span class="gh">Backwards Compatibility</span>
<span class="gh">=======================</span>
[Describe potential impact and severity on pre-existing code.]
<span class="gh">Security Implications</span>
<span class="gh">=====================</span>
[How could a malicious user take advantage of this new feature?]
<span class="gh">How to Teach This</span>
<span class="gh">=================</span>
[How to teach users, new and experienced, how to apply the PEP to their work.]
<span class="gh">Reference Implementation</span>
<span class="gh">========================</span>
[Link to any existing implementation and details about its state, e.g. proof-of-concept.]
<span class="gh">Rejected Ideas</span>
<span class="gh">==============</span>
[Why certain ideas that were brought while discussing this PEP were not ultimately pursued.]
<span class="gh">Open Issues</span>
<span class="gh">===========</span>
[Any points that are still being decided/discussed.]
<span class="gh">Footnotes</span>
<span class="gh">=========</span>
[A collection of footnotes cited in the PEP, and a place to list non-inline hyperlink targets.]
<span class="gh">Copyright</span>
<span class="gh">=========</span>
This document is placed in the public domain or under the
CC0-1.0-Universal license, whichever is more permissive.
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="resources">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#resources" role="doc-backlink">Resources</a></h2>
<p>Many other constructs and variations are possible,
both those supported by basic <a class="reference external" href="https://docutils.sourceforge.io/">Docutils</a>
and the extensions added by <a class="reference external" href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a>.</p>
<p>A number of resources are available to learn more about them:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference external" href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/basics.html">Sphinx ReStructuredText Primer</a>,
a gentle but fairly detailed introduction.</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/ref/rst/restructuredtext.html">reStructuredText Markup Specification</a>,
the authoritative, comprehensive documentation of the basic reST syntax,
directives, roles and more.</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/roles.html">Sphinx Roles</a>
and <a class="reference external" href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/directives.html">Sphinx Directives</a>,
the extended constructs added by the Sphinx documentation system used to
render the PEPs to HTML.</li>
</ul>
<p>If you have questions or require assistance with writing a PEP that the above
resources don’t address, ping <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&#64;python/pep-editors</span></code> on GitHub, open an
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/peps/issues">issue on the PEPs repository</a>
or reach out to a PEP editor directly.</p>
</section>
<section id="copyright">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#copyright" role="doc-backlink">Copyright</a></h2>
<p>This document is placed in the public domain or under the
CC0-1.0-Universal license, whichever is more permissive.</p>
</section>
</section>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>Source: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-0012.rst">https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-0012.rst</a></p>
<p>Last modified: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/peps/commits/main/peps/pep-0012.rst">2024-01-12 07:20:09 GMT</a></p>
</article>
<nav id="pep-sidebar">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#rationale">Rationale</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-to-use-this-template">How to Use This Template</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#restructuredtext-pep-formatting-requirements">ReStructuredText PEP Formatting Requirements</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#general">General</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#section-headings">Section Headings</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#paragraphs">Paragraphs</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#inline-markup">Inline Markup</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#block-quotes">Block Quotes</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#literal-blocks">Literal Blocks</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#lists">Lists</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#tables">Tables</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#hyperlinks">Hyperlinks</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#internal-and-pep-rfc-links">Internal and PEP/RFC Links</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#footnotes">Footnotes</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#images">Images</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#comments">Comments</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#escaping-mechanism">Escaping Mechanism</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#canonical-documentation-and-intersphinx">Canonical Documentation and Intersphinx</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#habits-to-avoid">Habits to Avoid</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#suggested-sections">Suggested Sections</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#copyright">Copyright</a></li>
</ul>
<br>
<a id="source" href="https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-0012.rst">Page Source (GitHub)</a>
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