diff --git a/recursion_dynamic/permutations/__init__.py b/recursion_dynamic/permutations/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/recursion_dynamic/permutations/permutations_challenge.ipynb b/recursion_dynamic/permutations/permutations_challenge.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..696ccdb --- /dev/null +++ b/recursion_dynamic/permutations/permutations_challenge.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "This notebook was prepared by [Donne Martin](https://github.com/donnemartin). Source and license info is on [GitHub](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges)." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Challenge Notebook" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Problem: Find all permutations of an input string.\n", + "\n", + "* [Constraints](#Constraints)\n", + "* [Test Cases](#Test-Cases)\n", + "* [Algorithm](#Algorithm)\n", + "* [Code](#Code)\n", + "* [Unit Test](#Unit-Test)\n", + "* [Solution Notebook](#Solution-Notebook)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Constraints\n", + "\n", + "* Can the input have duplicates?\n", + " * Yes\n", + "* Can the output have duplicates?\n", + " * No\n", + "* Is the output a list of strings?\n", + " * Yes\n", + "* Do we have to output the results in sorted order?\n", + " * No\n", + "* Can we assume the inputs are valid?\n", + " * No\n", + "* Can we assume this fits memory?\n", + " * Yes" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Test Cases\n", + "\n", + "
\n",
+    "* None -> None\n",
+    "* '' -> ''\n",
+    "* 'AABC' -> ['AABC', 'AACB', 'ABAC', 'ABCA',\n",
+    "             'ACAB', 'ACBA', 'BAAC', 'BACA',\n",
+    "             'BCAA', 'CAAB', 'CABA', 'CBAA']\n",
+    "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Algorithm\n", + "\n", + "Refer to the [Solution Notebook](). If you are stuck and need a hint, the solution notebook's algorithm discussion might be a good place to start." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Code" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "class Permutations(object):\n", + "\n", + " def find_permutations(self, string):\n", + " # TODO: Implement me\n", + " pass" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Unit Test" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "**The following unit test is expected to fail until you solve the challenge.**" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "# %load test_permutations.py\n", + "from nose.tools import assert_equal\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "class TestPermutations(object):\n", + "\n", + " def test_permutations(self):\n", + " permutations = Permutations()\n", + " assert_equal(permutations.find_permutations(None), None)\n", + " assert_equal(permutations.find_permutations(''), '')\n", + " string = 'AABC'\n", + " expected = [\n", + " 'AABC', 'AACB', 'ABAC', 'ABCA',\n", + " 'ACAB', 'ACBA', 'BAAC', 'BACA',\n", + " 'BCAA', 'CAAB', 'CABA', 'CBAA'\n", + " ]\n", + " assert_equal(permutations.find_permutations(string), expected)\n", + " print('Success: test_permutations')\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "def main():\n", + " test = TestPermutations()\n", + " test.test_permutations()\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "if __name__ == '__main__':\n", + " main()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Solution Notebook\n", + "\n", + "Review the [Solution Notebook]() for a discussion on algorithms and code solutions." + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 3", + "language": "python", + "name": "python3" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", + "version": "3.5.0" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/recursion_dynamic/permutations/permutations_solution.ipynb b/recursion_dynamic/permutations/permutations_solution.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4fe81eb --- /dev/null +++ b/recursion_dynamic/permutations/permutations_solution.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,234 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "This notebook was prepared by [Donne Martin](https://github.com/donnemartin). Source and license info is on [GitHub](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges)." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Solution Notebook" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Problem: Find all permutations of an input string.\n", + "\n", + "* [Constraints](#Constraints)\n", + "* [Test Cases](#Test-Cases)\n", + "* [Algorithm](#Algorithm)\n", + "* [Code](#Code)\n", + "* [Unit Test](#Unit-Test)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Constraints\n", + "\n", + "* Can the input have duplicates?\n", + " * Yes\n", + "* Can the output have duplicates?\n", + " * No\n", + "* Is the output a list of strings?\n", + " * Yes\n", + "* Do we have to output the results in sorted order?\n", + " * No\n", + "* Can we assume the inputs are valid?\n", + " * No\n", + "* Can we assume this fits memory?\n", + " * Yes" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Test Cases\n", + "\n", + "
\n",
+    "* None -> None\n",
+    "* '' -> ''\n",
+    "* 'AABC' -> ['AABC', 'AACB', 'ABAC', 'ABCA',\n",
+    "             'ACAB', 'ACBA', 'BAAC', 'BACA',\n",
+    "             'BCAA', 'CAAB', 'CABA', 'CBAA']\n",
+    "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Algorithm\n", + "\n", + "* Build a dictionary of {chars: counts} where counts is the number of times each char is found in the input\n", + "* Loop through each item in the dictionary\n", + " * If the counts is 0, continue\n", + " * Decrement the current char's count in the dictionary\n", + " * Add the current char to the current results\n", + " * If the current result is the same length as the input, add it to the results\n", + " * Else, recurse\n", + " * Backtrack by:\n", + " * Removing the just added current char from the current results\n", + " * Incrementing the current char's acount in the dictionary\n", + "\n", + "Complexity:\n", + "* Time: O(n!)\n", + "* Space: O(n!) since we are storing the results in an array, or O(n) if we are just printing each result" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Code" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "from collections import OrderedDict\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "class Permutations(object):\n", + "\n", + " def _build_counts_map(self, string):\n", + " counts_map = OrderedDict()\n", + " for char in string:\n", + " if char in counts_map:\n", + " counts_map[char] += 1\n", + " else:\n", + " counts_map[char] = 1\n", + " return counts_map\n", + "\n", + " def find_permutations(self, string):\n", + " if string is None or string == '':\n", + " return string\n", + " counts_map = self._build_counts_map(string)\n", + " curr_results = []\n", + " results = []\n", + " self._find_permutations(counts_map, curr_results, results, len(string))\n", + " return results\n", + "\n", + " def _find_permutations(self, counts_map, curr_result,\n", + " results, input_length):\n", + " for char in counts_map:\n", + " if counts_map[char] == 0:\n", + " continue\n", + " curr_result.append(char)\n", + " counts_map[char] -= 1\n", + " if len(curr_result) == input_length:\n", + " results.append(''.join(curr_result))\n", + " else:\n", + " self._find_permutations(counts_map, curr_result,\n", + " results, input_length)\n", + " counts_map[char] += 1\n", + " curr_result.pop()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Unit Test" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Overwriting test_permutations.py\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "%%writefile test_permutations.py\n", + "from nose.tools import assert_equal\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "class TestPermutations(object):\n", + "\n", + " def test_permutations(self):\n", + " permutations = Permutations()\n", + " assert_equal(permutations.find_permutations(None), None)\n", + " assert_equal(permutations.find_permutations(''), '')\n", + " string = 'AABC'\n", + " expected = [\n", + " 'AABC', 'AACB', 'ABAC', 'ABCA',\n", + " 'ACAB', 'ACBA', 'BAAC', 'BACA',\n", + " 'BCAA', 'CAAB', 'CABA', 'CBAA'\n", + " ]\n", + " assert_equal(permutations.find_permutations(string), expected)\n", + " print('Success: test_permutations')\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "def main():\n", + " test = TestPermutations()\n", + " test.test_permutations()\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "if __name__ == '__main__':\n", + " main()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Success: test_permutations\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "%run -i test_permutations.py" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 3", + "language": "python", + "name": "python3" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", + "version": "3.5.0" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/recursion_dynamic/permutations/test_permutations.py b/recursion_dynamic/permutations/test_permutations.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b319ac5 --- /dev/null +++ b/recursion_dynamic/permutations/test_permutations.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from nose.tools import assert_equal + + +class TestPermutations(object): + + def test_permutations(self): + permutations = Permutations() + assert_equal(permutations.find_permutations(None), None) + assert_equal(permutations.find_permutations(''), '') + string = 'AABC' + expected = [ + 'AABC', 'AACB', 'ABAC', 'ABCA', + 'ACAB', 'ACBA', 'BAAC', 'BACA', + 'BCAA', 'CAAB', 'CABA', 'CBAA' + ] + assert_equal(permutations.find_permutations(string), expected) + print('Success: test_permutations') + + +def main(): + test = TestPermutations() + test.test_permutations() + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + main() \ No newline at end of file