修改排序算法,添加插值、斐波那契、哈希、二叉树、红黑树、2-3树、B/B+树查找算法

This commit is contained in:
huihut 2018-04-16 22:23:26 +08:00
parent 91d24f13d0
commit 296d3cf894
18 changed files with 454 additions and 386 deletions

30
Algorithm/BSTSearch.h Normal file
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/*
:
b中查找x的过程为
1. b是空树
2. x等于b的根节点的数据域之值
3. x小于b的根节点的数据域之值
4.
*/
// 在根指针T所指二叉查找树中递归地查找其关键字等于key的数据元素若查找成功
// 则指针p指向該数据元素节点并返回TRUE否则指针指向查找路径上访问的最终
// 一个节点并返回FALSE指针f指向T的双亲其初始调用值为NULL
Status SearchBST(BiTree T, KeyType key, BiTree f, BiTree &p){
if(!T) { //查找不成功
p=f;
return false;
}
else if (key == T->data.key) { //查找成功
p=T;
return true;
}
else if (key < T->data.key) //在左子树中继续查找
return SearchBST(T->lchild, key, T, p);
else //在右子树中继续查找
return SearchBST(T->rchild, key, T, p);
}

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// 蛮力字符串匹配
int BruteForceStringMatch(vector<char>& Total, vector<char>& Part)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < Total.size() - Part.size(); ++i) {
j = 0;
while (j < Part.size() && Part[j] == Total[i + j]) {
++j;
if (j == Part.size())
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}

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// 斐波那契查找
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <memory>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int max_size=20;//斐波那契数组的长度
/*构造一个斐波那契数组*/
void Fibonacci(int * F)
{
F[0]=0;
F[1]=1;
for(int i=2;i<max_size;++i)
F[i]=F[i-1]+F[i-2];
}
/*定义斐波那契查找法*/
int FibonacciSearch(int *a, int n, int key) //a为要查找的数组,n为要查找的数组长度,key为要查找的关键字
{
int low=0;
int high=n-1;
int F[max_size];
Fibonacci(F);//构造一个斐波那契数组F
int k=0;
while(n>F[k]-1)//计算n位于斐波那契数列的位置
++k;
int * temp;//将数组a扩展到F[k]-1的长度
temp=new int [F[k]-1];
memcpy(temp,a,n*sizeof(int));
for(int i=n;i<F[k]-1;++i)
temp[i]=a[n-1];
while(low<=high)
{
int mid=low+F[k-1]-1;
if(key<temp[mid])
{
high=mid-1;
k-=1;
}
else if(key>temp[mid])
{
low=mid+1;
k-=2;
}
else
{
if(mid<n)
return mid; //若相等则说明mid即为查找到的位置
else
return n-1; //若mid>=n则说明是扩展的数值,返回n-1
}
}
delete [] temp;
return -1;
}
int main()
{
int a[] = {0,16,24,35,47,59,62,73,88,99};
int key=100;
int index=FibonacciSearch(a,sizeof(a)/sizeof(int),key);
cout<<key<<" is located at:"<<index;
return 0;
}

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## 文件(文本)查找
### 代码
[文件(文本)查找代码](search.cpp)
### 功能说明
本程序实现对英文文本中关键字的查找
返回关键字出现的位置(第几个词)
### 代码简述
从`output.txt`文件读入数据(英文文本)到 `vector<string>` 中存储
通过用户输入关键字(`keyword`)进行查找
输出查找到的关键字出现的位置(第几个词)

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Just arrived in Kathmandu tonight and needed to eat,
we checked Trip advisor and came here because it was close to hotel.
Certainly deserves its number 1 rating.
Food is so tasty and the atmosphere is very relaxed.
I would definitely recommend.

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#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
#define OK 0
#define ERROR -1
#define INPUTNAME "input.txt"
// 查找
int search(vector<string>& v_data, string keyword) {
int i = 0;
// 遍历每个元素直到找到关键字
for (; i < v_data.size(); i++) {
// 比较关键字与每个词是否相等
if (0 == v_data[i].compare(keyword)){
// 相等则返回关键字的位序
return i;
}
}
return ERROR;
}
// 文件读取
int FileRead(vector<string>& v_data) {
ifstream f_in(INPUTNAME);
//判断读取失败
if (!f_in) {
cout << "文件读取失败!" << endl;
system("pause");
return ERROR;
}
string word;
// 文件逐个读取
while (!f_in.eof()) {
f_in >> word;
v_data.push_back(word);
}
// 关闭文件
f_in.close();
return OK;
}
// 界面
void Interface(string& keyword) {
cout << "-------------------- 文件查找 --------------------" << endl;
cout << "【说明】:本程序实现对文件内容的查找" << endl;
cout << "即从input.txt读入查找关键字的首次出现位置" << endl;
cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl;
cout << "请输入关键字:" << endl;
cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl;
cin >> keyword;
cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl;
}
int main() {
vector<string> v_data;
// 文件读取
if (ERROR == FileRead(v_data))
return ERROR;
int index = -1;
string keyword;
// 界面
Interface(keyword);
// 合法性检测
if (keyword.empty()) {
cout << "请输入合法的关键字!" << endl;
system("pause");
return ERROR;
}
// 查找
index = search(v_data, keyword);
//未找到输出
if (ERROR == index) {
cout << "未找到此关键字!" << endl;
system("pause");
return ERROR;
}
//输出找到的关键字索引
cout << "此关键字位于第 " << index + 1 << " 个词的位置!" << endl;
system("pause");
return OK;
}

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## 文件(文本)排序
### 代码
[文件(文本)排序代码](sort.cpp)
### 功能说明
本程序实现选择排序和冒泡排序两个排序算法
并且有从小到大和从大到小两种排序方式
用户可进行选择需要的方式
### 代码简述
`output.txt` 文件读入数据(数字)到 `vector<int>` 中存储
通过用户输入的排序算法(`i_algorithm`)和排序方式(`i_mode`
选择对于的选择排序(`SelectSort()`)或者冒泡排序(`BubbleSort()`)进行排序
排序后输出 `vector<int>``output.txt`

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33 22 66 99 11 68 39 89 107 749 20 6

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6 11 20 22 33 39 66 68 89 99 107 749

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#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
#define OK 0
#define ERROR -1
#define INPUTNAME "input.txt"
#define OUTPUTNAME "output.txt"
// 选择排序
int SelectSort(vector<int>& v_data, int b_mode) {
size_t i_num = v_data.size(), temp = 0;
// 从小到大排
if (0 == b_mode) {
size_t min;
for (size_t i = 0; i < i_num - 1; i++) {
min = i;
for (size_t j = i + 1; j < i_num; j++)
if (v_data[min] > v_data[j])
min = j;
if (min != i) {
temp = v_data[min];
v_data[min] = v_data[i];
v_data[i] = temp;
}
}
}
// 从大到小排
else {
size_t max;
for (size_t i = 0; i < i_num - 1; i++) {
max = i;
for (size_t j = i + 1; j < i_num; j++)
if (v_data[max] < v_data[j])
max = j;
if (max != i) {
temp = v_data[max];
v_data[max] = v_data[i];
v_data[i] = temp;
}
}
}
return OK;
}
// 冒泡排序
int BubbleSort(vector<int>& v_data, int b_mode) {
size_t num = v_data.size(), temp = 0;
// 从小到大排
if (0 == b_mode) {
for (size_t i = 0; i < num - 1; i++) {
for (size_t j = 0; j < num - i - 1; j++) {
if (v_data[j] > v_data[j + 1]) {
temp = v_data[j];
v_data[j] = v_data[j + 1];
v_data[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
}
}
// 从大到小排
else {
for (size_t i = 0; i < num - 1; i++) {
for (size_t j = 0; j < num - i - 1; j++) {
if (v_data[j] < v_data[j + 1]) {
temp = v_data[j];
v_data[j] = v_data[j + 1];
v_data[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
}
}
return OK;
}
// 文件读取
int FileRead(vector<int>& v_data) {
ifstream f_in(INPUTNAME);
//判断读取失败
if (!f_in) {
cout << "文件读取失败!" << endl;
system("pause");
return ERROR;
}
int i_temp;
// 文件逐个读取
while (!f_in.eof()) {
f_in >> i_temp;
v_data.push_back(i_temp);
}
// 关闭文件
f_in.close();
return OK;
}
// 文件写入
int FileWrite(vector<int>& v_data) {
ofstream f_out(OUTPUTNAME);
// 判断读取失败
if (!f_out) {
cout << "文件写入失败!" << endl;
return ERROR;
}
// 文件逐个写入
for (int i = 0; i < v_data.size(); i++)
f_out << v_data[i] << " ";
f_out.close();
return OK;
}
// 界面
void Interface(int& i_algorithm, int& i_mode) {
cout << "-------------------- 文件排序 --------------------" << endl;
cout << "【说明】:本程序实现对文件内容的排序" << endl;
cout << "即从input.txt读入排序后写入到output.txt" << endl;
cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl;
cout << "请选择排序算法:" << endl;
cout << "【0】选择排序" << endl;
cout << "【1】冒泡排序" << endl;
cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl;
cin >> i_algorithm;
cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl;
cout << "请选择排序方式:" << endl;
cout << "【0】从小到大" << endl;
cout << "【1】从大到小" << endl;
cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl;
cin >> i_mode;
cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl;
}
int main() {
vector<int> v_data;
// 文件读取
if (ERROR == FileRead(v_data))
return ERROR;
int i_algorithm, i_mode;
// 界面
Interface(i_algorithm, i_mode);
// 排序算法选择检测
if (0 != i_algorithm && 1 != i_algorithm) {
cout << "排序算法选择错误!" << endl;
system("pause");
return ERROR;
}
// 排序方式选择检测
if (0 != i_mode && 1 != i_mode) {
cout << "排序方式选择错误!" << endl;
system("pause");
return ERROR;
}
// 排序
if (i_algorithm)
BubbleSort(v_data, i_mode);
else
SelectSort(v_data, i_mode);
// 文件写入
if (ERROR == FileWrite(v_data))
return ERROR;
cout << "排序完成,数据已写入:" << OUTPUTNAME << endl;
cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl;
system("pause");
return OK;
}

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//插值查找
int InsertionSearch(int a[], int value, int low, int high)
{
int mid = low+(value-a[low])/(a[high]-a[low])*(high-low);
if(a[mid]==value)
return mid;
if(a[mid]>value)
return InsertionSearch(a, value, low, mid-1);
if(a[mid]<value)
return InsertionSearch(a, value, mid+1, high);
}

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#define BLACK 1
#define RED 0
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class bst {
private:
struct Node {
int value;
bool color;
Node *leftTree, *rightTree, *parent;
Node() : value(0), color(RED), leftTree(NULL), rightTree(NULL), parent(NULL) { }
Node* grandparent() {
if(parent == NULL){
return NULL;
}
return parent->parent;
}
Node* uncle() {
if(grandparent() == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
if(parent == grandparent()->rightTree)
return grandparent()->leftTree;
else
return grandparent()->rightTree;
}
Node* sibling() {
if(parent->leftTree == this)
return parent->rightTree;
else
return parent->leftTree;
}
};
void rotate_right(Node *p){
Node *gp = p->grandparent();
Node *fa = p->parent;
Node *y = p->rightTree;
fa->leftTree = y;
if(y != NIL)
y->parent = fa;
p->rightTree = fa;
fa->parent = p;
if(root == fa)
root = p;
p->parent = gp;
if(gp != NULL){
if(gp->leftTree == fa)
gp->leftTree = p;
else
gp->rightTree = p;
}
}
void rotate_left(Node *p){
if(p->parent == NULL){
root = p;
return;
}
Node *gp = p->grandparent();
Node *fa = p->parent;
Node *y = p->leftTree;
fa->rightTree = y;
if(y != NIL)
y->parent = fa;
p->leftTree = fa;
fa->parent = p;
if(root == fa)
root = p;
p->parent = gp;
if(gp != NULL){
if(gp->leftTree == fa)
gp->leftTree = p;
else
gp->rightTree = p;
}
}
void inorder(Node *p){
if(p == NIL)
return;
if(p->leftTree)
inorder(p->leftTree);
cout << p->value << " ";
if(p->rightTree)
inorder(p->rightTree);
}
string outputColor (bool color) {
return color ? "BLACK" : "RED";
}
Node* getSmallestChild(Node *p){
if(p->leftTree == NIL)
return p;
return getSmallestChild(p->leftTree);
}
bool delete_child(Node *p, int data){
if(p->value > data){
if(p->leftTree == NIL){
return false;
}
return delete_child(p->leftTree, data);
} else if(p->value < data){
if(p->rightTree == NIL){
return false;
}
return delete_child(p->rightTree, data);
} else if(p->value == data){
if(p->rightTree == NIL){
delete_one_child (p);
return true;
}
Node *smallest = getSmallestChild(p->rightTree);
swap(p->value, smallest->value);
delete_one_child (smallest);
return true;
}else{
return false;
}
}
void delete_one_child(Node *p){
Node *child = p->leftTree == NIL ? p->rightTree : p->leftTree;
if(p->parent == NULL && p->leftTree == NIL && p->rightTree == NIL){
p = NULL;
root = p;
return;
}
if(p->parent == NULL){
delete p;
child->parent = NULL;
root = child;
root->color = BLACK;
return;
}
if(p->parent->leftTree == p){
p->parent->leftTree = child;
} else {
p->parent->rightTree = child;
}
child->parent = p->parent;
if(p->color == BLACK){
if(child->color == RED){
child->color = BLACK;
} else
delete_case (child);
}
delete p;
}
void delete_case(Node *p){
if(p->parent == NULL){
p->color = BLACK;
return;
}
if(p->sibling()->color == RED) {
p->parent->color = RED;
p->sibling()->color = BLACK;
if(p == p->parent->leftTree)
rotate_left(p->sibling());
else
rotate_right(p->sibling());
}
if(p->parent->color == BLACK && p->sibling()->color == BLACK
&& p->sibling()->leftTree->color == BLACK && p->sibling()->rightTree->color == BLACK) {
p->sibling()->color = RED;
delete_case(p->parent);
} else if(p->parent->color == RED && p->sibling()->color == BLACK
&& p->sibling()->leftTree->color == BLACK && p->sibling()->rightTree->color == BLACK) {
p->sibling()->color = RED;
p->parent->color = BLACK;
} else {
if(p->sibling()->color == BLACK) {
if(p == p->parent->leftTree && p->sibling()->leftTree->color == RED
&& p->sibling()->rightTree->color == BLACK) {
p->sibling()->color = RED;
p->sibling()->leftTree->color = BLACK;
rotate_right(p->sibling()->leftTree);
} else if(p == p->parent->rightTree && p->sibling()->leftTree->color == BLACK
&& p->sibling()->rightTree->color == RED) {
p->sibling()->color = RED;
p->sibling()->rightTree->color = BLACK;
rotate_left(p->sibling()->rightTree);
}
}
p->sibling()->color = p->parent->color;
p->parent->color = BLACK;
if(p == p->parent->leftTree){
p->sibling()->rightTree->color = BLACK;
rotate_left(p->sibling());
} else {
p->sibling()->leftTree->color = BLACK;
rotate_right(p->sibling());
}
}
}
void insert(Node *p, int data){
if(p->value >= data){
if(p->leftTree != NIL)
insert(p->leftTree, data);
else {
Node *tmp = new Node();
tmp->value = data;
tmp->leftTree = tmp->rightTree = NIL;
tmp->parent = p;
p->leftTree = tmp;
insert_case (tmp);
}
} else {
if(p->rightTree != NIL)
insert(p->rightTree, data);
else {
Node *tmp = new Node();
tmp->value = data;
tmp->leftTree = tmp->rightTree = NIL;
tmp->parent = p;
p->rightTree = tmp;
insert_case (tmp);
}
}
}
void insert_case(Node *p){
if(p->parent == NULL){
root = p;
p->color = BLACK;
return;
}
if(p->parent->color == RED){
if(p->uncle()->color == RED) {
p->parent->color = p->uncle()->color = BLACK;
p->grandparent()->color = RED;
insert_case(p->grandparent());
} else {
if(p->parent->rightTree == p && p->grandparent()->leftTree == p->parent) {
rotate_left (p);
rotate_right (p);
p->color = BLACK;
p->leftTree->color = p->rightTree->color = RED;
} else if(p->parent->leftTree == p && p->grandparent()->rightTree == p->parent) {
rotate_right (p);
rotate_left (p);
p->color = BLACK;
p->leftTree->color = p->rightTree->color = RED;
} else if(p->parent->leftTree == p && p->grandparent()->leftTree == p->parent) {
p->parent->color = BLACK;
p->grandparent()->color = RED;
rotate_right(p->parent);
} else if(p->parent->rightTree == p && p->grandparent()->rightTree == p->parent) {
p->parent->color = BLACK;
p->grandparent()->color = RED;
rotate_left(p->parent);
}
}
}
}
void DeleteTree(Node *p){
if(!p || p == NIL){
return;
}
DeleteTree(p->leftTree);
DeleteTree(p->rightTree);
delete p;
}
public:
bst() {
NIL = new Node();
NIL->color = BLACK;
root = NULL;
}
~bst() {
if (root)
DeleteTree (root);
delete NIL;
}
void inorder() {
if(root == NULL)
return;
inorder (root);
cout << endl;
}
void insert (int x) {
if(root == NULL){
root = new Node();
root->color = BLACK;
root->leftTree = root->rightTree = NIL;
root->value = x;
} else {
insert(root, x);
}
}
bool delete_value (int data) {
return delete_child(root, data);
}
private:
Node *root, *NIL;
};

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@ -1251,13 +1251,12 @@ typedef struct BiTNode
[选择排序](Algorithm/SelectionSort.h) | O(n<sup>2</sup>)|O(n<sup>2</sup>)|O(1)|数组不稳定、链表稳定
[插入排序](Algorithm/InsertSort.h) | O(n<sup>2</sup>)|O(n<sup>2</sup>)|O(1)|稳定
[快速排序](Algorithm/QuickSort.h) | O(n*log<sub>2</sub>n) | O(n<sup>2</sup>) | O(log<sub>2</sub>n) | 不稳定
[堆排序](Algorithm/HeapSort.h) | O(n*log<sub>2</sub>n)|O(n<sup>2</sup>)|O(1)|不稳定
[堆排序](Algorithm/HeapSort.cpp) | O(n*log<sub>2</sub>n)|O(n<sup>2</sup>)|O(1)|不稳定
[归并排序](Algorithm/MergeSort.h) | O(n*log<sub>2</sub>n) | O(n*log<sub>2</sub>n)|O(1)|稳定
[希尔排序](Algorithm/ShellSort.h) | O(n*log<sup>2</sup>n)|O(n<sup>2</sup>)|O(1)|不稳定
[计数排序](Algorithm/CountSort.h) | O(n+m)|O(n+m)|O(n+m)|稳定
[桶排序](Algorithm/BucketSort.h) | O(n)|O(n)|O(m)|稳定
[计数排序](Algorithm/CountSort.cpp) | O(n+m)|O(n+m)|O(n+m)|稳定
[桶排序](Algorithm/BucketSort.cpp) | O(n)|O(n)|O(m)|稳定
[基数排序](Algorithm/RadixSort.h) | O(k*n)|O(n<sup>2</sup>)| |稳定
[文件排序](Algorithm/FileSort) |
> * 均按从小到大排列
> * k代表数值中的"数位"个数
@ -1271,8 +1270,13 @@ typedef struct BiTNode
---|---|---|---
[顺序查找](Algorithm/SequentialSearch.h) | O(n) | O(1) | 无序或有序
[二分查找(折半查找)](Algorithm/BinarySearch.h) | O(log<sub>2</sub>n)| O(1) | 有序
[蛮力字符串匹配](Algorithm/BruteForceStringMatch.h) | O(n*m) |
[文件查找](Algorithm/FileSearch) |
[插值查找](Algorithm/InsertionSearch.h) | O(log<sub>2</sub>(log<sub>2</sub>n)) | O(1) | 有序
[斐波那契查找](Algorithm/FibonacciSearch.cpp) | O(log<sub>2</sub>n) | O(1) | 有序
[哈希查找](DataStructure/HashTable.cpp) | O(1) | O(n) | 无序或有序
[二叉查找树(二叉搜索树查找)](Algorithm/BSTSearch.h) |O(log<sub>2</sub>n) | |
[红黑树](DataStructure/RedBlackTree.cpp) |O(log<sub>2</sub>n) | |
2-3树 | O(log<sub>2</sub>n - log<sub>3</sub>n) | |
B树/B+树 |O(log<sub>2</sub>n) | |
## Problems
@ -1286,22 +1290,8 @@ typedef struct BiTNode
### Leetcode Problems
#### Array
* [1. Two Sum](Problems/LeetcodeProblems/1-two-sum.h)
* [4. Median of Two Sorted Arrays](Problems/LeetcodeProblems/4-median-of-two-sorted-arrays.h)
* [11. Container With Most Water](Problems/LeetcodeProblems/11-container-with-most-water.h)
* [26. Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array](Problems/LeetcodeProblems/26-remove-duplicates-from-sorted-array.h)
* [53. Maximum Subarray](Problems/LeetcodeProblems/53-maximum-subarray.h)
* [66. Plus One](Problems/LeetcodeProblems/66-plus-one.h)
* [88. Merge Sorted Array](Problems/LeetcodeProblems/88-merge-sorted-array.h)
* [118. Pascal's Triangle](Problems/LeetcodeProblems/118-pascals-triangle.h)
* [119. Pascal's Triangle II](Problems/LeetcodeProblems/119-pascals-triangle-ii.h)
* [121. Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock](Problems/LeetcodeProblems/121-best-time-to-buy-and-sell-stock.h)
* [122. Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock II](Problems/LeetcodeProblems/122-best-time-to-buy-and-sell-stock-ii.h)
* [169. Majority Element](Problems/LeetcodeProblems/169-majority-element.h)
* [283. Move Zeroes](Problems/LeetcodeProblems/283-move-zeroes.h)
* [Github . haoel/leetcode](https://github.com/haoel/leetcode)
* [Github . pezy/LeetCode](https://github.com/pezy/LeetCode)
## 操作系统