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@ -5724,13 +5724,13 @@ Such as on an ABI (link) boundary.
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};
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};
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class D2 : public Device {
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class D2 : public Device {
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// ... differnt data ...
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// ... different data ...
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void write(span<const char> outbuf) override;
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void write(span<const char> outbuf) override;
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void read(span<char> inbuf) override;
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void read(span<char> inbuf) override;
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};
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};
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A user can now use `D1`s and `D2`s interrchangeably through the interface provided by `Device`.
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A user can now use `D1`s and `D2`s interchangeably through the interface provided by `Device`.
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Furthermore, we can update `D1` and `D2` in a ways that are not binarily compatible with older versions as long as all access goes through `Device`.
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Furthermore, we can update `D1` and `D2` in a ways that are not binarily compatible with older versions as long as all access goes through `Device`.
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##### Enforcement
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##### Enforcement
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@ -6730,7 +6730,7 @@ Readability. Convention. Reusability. Support for generic code
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return os << /* class members here */;
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return os << /* class members here */;
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}
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}
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By itself, `cout_my_class` would be OK, but it is not usable/composabe with code that rely on the `<<` convention for output:
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By itself, `cout_my_class` would be OK, but it is not usable/composable with code that rely on the `<<` convention for output:
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My_class var { /* ... */ };
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My_class var { /* ... */ };
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// ...
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// ...
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@ -10854,7 +10854,7 @@ Let cleanup actions on the unwinding path be handled by [RAII](#Re-raii).
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This code is messy.
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This code is messy.
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There could be a leak from the naked pointer in the `try` block.
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There could be a leak from the naked pointer in the `try` block.
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Not all exceptiones are handled.
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Not all exceptions are handled.
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`deleting` an object that failed to construct is almost certainly a mistake.
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`deleting` an object that failed to construct is almost certainly a mistake.
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Better:
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Better:
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@ -10901,8 +10901,8 @@ Even without exceptions, [RAII](#Re-raii) is usually the best and most systemati
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##### Note
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##### Note
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Error handling using exceptions is the only complete and systematic way of handling non-local errors in C++.
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Error handling using exceptions is the only complete and systematic way of handling non-local errors in C++.
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In particular, non-intrusively signalling failure to construct an object requires an exception.
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In particular, non-intrusively signaling failure to construct an object requires an exception.
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Signalling errors in a way that cannot be ignored requires exceptions.
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Signaling errors in a way that cannot be ignored requires exceptions.
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If you can't use exceptions, simulate their use as best you can.
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If you can't use exceptions, simulate their use as best you can.
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A lot of fear of exceptions is misguided.
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A lot of fear of exceptions is misguided.
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@ -11078,7 +11078,7 @@ and to avoid confusion with other uses of `std::pair`.
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###### Example
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###### Example
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In general, you must clean up before an eror exit.
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In general, you must clean up before an error exit.
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This can be messy:
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This can be messy:
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std::pair<int,error_indicator> user()
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std::pair<int,error_indicator> user()
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@ -11108,7 +11108,7 @@ This can be messy:
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}
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}
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Simulating RAII can be non-trivial, especially in functions with multiple resources and multiple possible errors.
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Simulating RAII can be non-trivial, especially in functions with multiple resources and multiple possible errors.
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A not uncommon technique is to gather cleanup at the end of the function to avoid repetittion:
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A not uncommon technique is to gather cleanup at the end of the function to avoid repetition:
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std::pair<int,error_indicator> user()
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std::pair<int,error_indicator> user()
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{
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{
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@ -11139,7 +11139,7 @@ A not uncommon technique is to gather cleanup at the end of the function to avoi
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}
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}
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The larger the function, the more tempting this technique becomes.
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The larger the function, the more tempting this technique becomes.
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Aso, the larger the program becomes the harder it is to apply an error-indicator-based error handling strategy systematically.
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Also, the larger the program becomes the harder it is to apply an error-indicator-based error handling strategy systematically.
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We [prefer exception-based error handling](#Re-throw) and recommend [keeping functions short](#Rf-single).
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We [prefer exception-based error handling](#Re-throw) and recommend [keeping functions short](#Rf-single).
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@ -11164,7 +11164,7 @@ See also [Simulating RAII](#Re-no-throw-raii).
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##### Note
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##### Note
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C-stye error handling is based on the global variable `errno`, so it is essentially impossible to avoid this style completely.
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C-style error handling is based on the global variable `errno`, so it is essentially impossible to avoid this style completely.
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##### Enforcement
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##### Enforcement
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@ -12025,9 +12025,9 @@ In general, passing function objects gives better performance than passing point
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auto y = find_if(v, [](double x) { return x>7; }); // function object: carries the needed data
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auto y = find_if(v, [](double x) { return x>7; }); // function object: carries the needed data
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auto z = find_if(v, Greater_than<double>(7)); // function object: carries the needed data
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auto z = find_if(v, Greater_than<double>(7)); // function object: carries the needed data
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You can, of course, gneralize those functions using `auto` or (when and where available) concepts. For example:
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You can, of course, generalize those functions using `auto` or (when and where available) concepts. For example:
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auto y1 = find_if(v, [](Ordered x) { return x>7; }); // reruire an ordered type
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auto y1 = find_if(v, [](Ordered x) { return x>7; }); // require an ordered type
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auto z1 = find_if(v, [](auto x) { return x>7; }); // hope that the type has a >
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auto z1 = find_if(v, [](auto x) { return x>7; }); // hope that the type has a >
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##### Note
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##### Note
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@ -12215,7 +12215,7 @@ Flag uses where an explicitly specialized type exactly matches the types of the
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X(X&&); // move
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X(X&&); // move
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X& operator=(X&&);
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X& operator=(X&&);
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~X();
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~X();
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// ... no moreconstructors ...
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// ... no more constructors ...
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};
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};
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X x {1}; // fine
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X x {1}; // fine
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@ -12247,7 +12247,7 @@ Semiregular requires default constructible.
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}
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}
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namespace T0 {
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namespace T0 {
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bool operator==(int, Bad::S) { cout << "T0\n"; return true; } // compate to int
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bool operator==(int, Bad::S) { cout << "T0\n"; return true; } // compare to int
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void test()
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void test()
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{
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{
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