1017 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
1017 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
<!-- GFM-TOC -->
|
||
* [595. Big Countries](#595-big-countries)
|
||
* [627. Swap Salary](#627-swap-salary)
|
||
* [620. Not Boring Movies](#620-not-boring-movies)
|
||
* [596. Classes More Than 5 Students](#596-classes-more-than-5-students)
|
||
* [182. Duplicate Emails](#182-duplicate-emails)
|
||
* [196. Delete Duplicate Emails](#196-delete-duplicate-emails)
|
||
* [175. Combine Two Tables](#175-combine-two-tables)
|
||
* [181. Employees Earning More Than Their Managers](#181-employees-earning-more-than-their-managers)
|
||
* [183. Customers Who Never Order](#183-customers-who-never-order)
|
||
* [184. Department Highest Salary](#184-department-highest-salary)
|
||
* [176. Second Highest Salary](#176-second-highest-salary)
|
||
* [177. Nth Highest Salary](#177-nth-highest-salary)
|
||
* [178. Rank Scores](#178-rank-scores)
|
||
* [180. Consecutive Numbers](#180-consecutive-numbers)
|
||
* [626. Exchange Seats](#626-exchange-seats)
|
||
<!-- GFM-TOC -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
# 595. Big Countries
|
||
|
||
https://leetcode.com/problems/big-countries/description/
|
||
|
||
## Description
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------+
|
||
| name | continent | area | population | gdp |
|
||
+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------+
|
||
| Afghanistan | Asia | 652230 | 25500100 | 20343000 |
|
||
| Albania | Europe | 28748 | 2831741 | 12960000 |
|
||
| Algeria | Africa | 2381741 | 37100000 | 188681000 |
|
||
| Andorra | Europe | 468 | 78115 | 3712000 |
|
||
| Angola | Africa | 1246700 | 20609294 | 100990000 |
|
||
+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
查找面积超过 3,000,000 或者人口数超过 25,000,000 的国家。
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+--------------+-------------+--------------+
|
||
| name | population | area |
|
||
+--------------+-------------+--------------+
|
||
| Afghanistan | 25500100 | 652230 |
|
||
| Algeria | 37100000 | 2381741 |
|
||
+--------------+-------------+--------------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## SQL Schema
|
||
|
||
SQL Schema 用于在本地环境下创建表结构并导入数据，从而方便在本地环境解答。
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
DROP TABLE
|
||
IF
|
||
EXISTS World;
|
||
CREATE TABLE World ( NAME VARCHAR ( 255 ), continent VARCHAR ( 255 ), area INT, population INT, gdp INT );
|
||
INSERT INTO World ( NAME, continent, area, population, gdp )
|
||
VALUES
|
||
( 'Afghanistan', 'Asia', '652230', '25500100', '203430000' ),
|
||
( 'Albania', 'Europe', '28748', '2831741', '129600000' ),
|
||
( 'Algeria', 'Africa', '2381741', '37100000', '1886810000' ),
|
||
( 'Andorra', 'Europe', '468', '78115', '37120000' ),
|
||
( 'Angola', 'Africa', '1246700', '20609294', '1009900000' );
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Solution
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
SELECT name,
|
||
population,
|
||
area
|
||
FROM
|
||
World
|
||
WHERE
|
||
area > 3000000
|
||
OR population > 25000000;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
# 627. Swap Salary
|
||
|
||
https://leetcode.com/problems/swap-salary/description/
|
||
|
||
## Description
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
| id | name | sex | salary |
|
||
|----|------|-----|--------|
|
||
| 1 | A | m | 2500 |
|
||
| 2 | B | f | 1500 |
|
||
| 3 | C | m | 5500 |
|
||
| 4 | D | f | 500 |
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
只用一个 SQL 查询，将 sex 字段反转。
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
| id | name | sex | salary |
|
||
|----|------|-----|--------|
|
||
| 1 | A | f | 2500 |
|
||
| 2 | B | m | 1500 |
|
||
| 3 | C | f | 5500 |
|
||
| 4 | D | m | 500 |
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## SQL Schema
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
DROP TABLE
|
||
IF
|
||
EXISTS salary;
|
||
CREATE TABLE salary ( id INT, NAME VARCHAR ( 100 ), sex CHAR ( 1 ), salary INT );
|
||
INSERT INTO salary ( id, NAME, sex, salary )
|
||
VALUES
|
||
( '1', 'A', 'm', '2500' ),
|
||
( '2', 'B', 'f', '1500' ),
|
||
( '3', 'C', 'm', '5500' ),
|
||
( '4', 'D', 'f', '500' );
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Solution
|
||
|
||
使用异或操作，两个相等的数异或的结果为 0，而 0 与任何一个数异或的结果为这个数。
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
'f' ^ 'm' ^ 'f' = 'm'
|
||
'm' ^ 'm' ^ 'f' = 'f'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
UPDATE salary
|
||
SET sex = CHAR ( ASCII(sex) ^ ASCII( 'm' ) ^ ASCII( 'f' ) );
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
# 620. Not Boring Movies
|
||
|
||
https://leetcode.com/problems/not-boring-movies/description/
|
||
|
||
## Description
|
||
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
|
||
| id | movie | description | rating |
|
||
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
|
||
| 1 | War | great 3D | 8.9 |
|
||
| 2 | Science | fiction | 8.5 |
|
||
| 3 | irish | boring | 6.2 |
|
||
| 4 | Ice song | Fantacy | 8.6 |
|
||
| 5 | House card| Interesting| 9.1 |
|
||
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
查找 id 为奇数，并且 description 不是 boring 的电影，按 rating 降序。
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
|
||
| id | movie | description | rating |
|
||
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
|
||
| 5 | House card| Interesting| 9.1 |
|
||
| 1 | War | great 3D | 8.9 |
|
||
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## SQL Schema
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
DROP TABLE
|
||
IF
|
||
EXISTS cinema;
|
||
CREATE TABLE cinema ( id INT, movie VARCHAR ( 255 ), description VARCHAR ( 255 ), rating FLOAT ( 2, 1 ) );
|
||
INSERT INTO cinema ( id, movie, description, rating )
|
||
VALUES
|
||
( 1, 'War', 'great 3D', 8.9 ),
|
||
( 2, 'Science', 'fiction', 8.5 ),
|
||
( 3, 'irish', 'boring', 6.2 ),
|
||
( 4, 'Ice song', 'Fantacy', 8.6 ),
|
||
( 5, 'House card', 'Interesting', 9.1 );
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Solution
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
SELECT
|
||
*
|
||
FROM
|
||
cinema
|
||
WHERE
|
||
id % 2 = 1
|
||
AND description != 'boring'
|
||
ORDER BY
|
||
rating DESC;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
# 596. Classes More Than 5 Students
|
||
|
||
https://leetcode.com/problems/classes-more-than-5-students/description/
|
||
|
||
## Description
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+---------+------------+
|
||
| student | class |
|
||
+---------+------------+
|
||
| A | Math |
|
||
| B | English |
|
||
| C | Math |
|
||
| D | Biology |
|
||
| E | Math |
|
||
| F | Computer |
|
||
| G | Math |
|
||
| H | Math |
|
||
| I | Math |
|
||
+---------+------------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
查找有五名及以上 student 的 class。
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+---------+
|
||
| class |
|
||
+---------+
|
||
| Math |
|
||
+---------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## SQL Schema
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
DROP TABLE
|
||
IF
|
||
EXISTS courses;
|
||
CREATE TABLE courses ( student VARCHAR ( 255 ), class VARCHAR ( 255 ) );
|
||
INSERT INTO courses ( student, class )
|
||
VALUES
|
||
( 'A', 'Math' ),
|
||
( 'B', 'English' ),
|
||
( 'C', 'Math' ),
|
||
( 'D', 'Biology' ),
|
||
( 'E', 'Math' ),
|
||
( 'F', 'Computer' ),
|
||
( 'G', 'Math' ),
|
||
( 'H', 'Math' ),
|
||
( 'I', 'Math' );
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Solution
|
||
|
||
对 class 列进行分组之后，再使用 count 汇总函数统计数量，统计之后使用 having 进行过滤。
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
SELECT
|
||
class
|
||
FROM
|
||
courses
|
||
GROUP BY
|
||
class
|
||
HAVING
|
||
count( DISTINCT student ) >= 5;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
# 182. Duplicate Emails
|
||
|
||
https://leetcode.com/problems/duplicate-emails/description/
|
||
|
||
## Description
|
||
|
||
邮件地址表：
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+----+---------+
|
||
| Id | Email |
|
||
+----+---------+
|
||
| 1 | a@b.com |
|
||
| 2 | c@d.com |
|
||
| 3 | a@b.com |
|
||
+----+---------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
查找重复的邮件地址：
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+---------+
|
||
| Email |
|
||
+---------+
|
||
| a@b.com |
|
||
+---------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## SQL Schema
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
DROP TABLE
|
||
IF
|
||
EXISTS Person;
|
||
CREATE TABLE Person ( Id INT, Email VARCHAR ( 255 ) );
|
||
INSERT INTO Person ( Id, Email )
|
||
VALUES
|
||
( 1, 'a@b.com' ),
|
||
( 2, 'c@d.com' ),
|
||
( 3, 'a@b.com' );
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Solution
|
||
|
||
对 Email 进行分组，如果相同 Email 的数量大于等于 2，则表示该 Email 重复。
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
SELECT
|
||
Email
|
||
FROM
|
||
Person
|
||
GROUP BY
|
||
Email
|
||
HAVING
|
||
COUNT( * ) >= 2;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
# 196. Delete Duplicate Emails
|
||
|
||
https://leetcode.com/problems/delete-duplicate-emails/description/
|
||
|
||
## Description
|
||
|
||
邮件地址表：
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+----+---------+
|
||
| Id | Email |
|
||
+----+---------+
|
||
| 1 | john@example.com |
|
||
| 2 | bob@example.com |
|
||
| 3 | john@example.com |
|
||
+----+---------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
删除重复的邮件地址：
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+----+------------------+
|
||
| Id | Email |
|
||
+----+------------------+
|
||
| 1 | john@example.com |
|
||
| 2 | bob@example.com |
|
||
+----+------------------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## SQL Schema
|
||
|
||
与 182 相同。
|
||
|
||
## Solution
|
||
|
||
只保留相同 Email 中 Id 最小的那一个，然后删除其它的。
|
||
|
||
连接：
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
DELETE p1
|
||
FROM
|
||
Person p1,
|
||
Person p2
|
||
WHERE
|
||
p1.Email = p2.Email
|
||
AND p1.Id > p2.Id
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
子查询：
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
DELETE
|
||
FROM
|
||
Person
|
||
WHERE
|
||
id NOT IN ( SELECT id FROM ( SELECT min( id ) AS id FROM Person GROUP BY email ) AS m );
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
应该注意的是上述解法额外嵌套了一个 SELECT 语句，如果不这么做，会出现错误：You can't specify target table 'Person' for update in FROM clause。以下演示了这种错误解法。
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
DELETE
|
||
FROM
|
||
Person
|
||
WHERE
|
||
id NOT IN ( SELECT min( id ) AS id FROM Person GROUP BY email );
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
参考：[pMySQL Error 1093 - Can't specify target table for update in FROM clause](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45494/mysql-error-1093-cant-specify-target-table-for-update-in-from-clause)
|
||
|
||
# 175. Combine Two Tables
|
||
|
||
https://leetcode.com/problems/combine-two-tables/description/
|
||
|
||
## Description
|
||
|
||
Person 表：
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+-------------+---------+
|
||
| Column Name | Type |
|
||
+-------------+---------+
|
||
| PersonId | int |
|
||
| FirstName | varchar |
|
||
| LastName | varchar |
|
||
+-------------+---------+
|
||
PersonId is the primary key column for this table.
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Address 表：
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+-------------+---------+
|
||
| Column Name | Type |
|
||
+-------------+---------+
|
||
| AddressId | int |
|
||
| PersonId | int |
|
||
| City | varchar |
|
||
| State | varchar |
|
||
+-------------+---------+
|
||
AddressId is the primary key column for this table.
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
查找 FirstName, LastName, City, State 数据，而不管一个用户有没有填地址信息。
|
||
|
||
## SQL Schema
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
DROP TABLE
|
||
IF
|
||
EXISTS Person;
|
||
CREATE TABLE Person ( PersonId INT, FirstName VARCHAR ( 255 ), LastName VARCHAR ( 255 ) );
|
||
DROP TABLE
|
||
IF
|
||
EXISTS Address;
|
||
CREATE TABLE Address ( AddressId INT, PersonId INT, City VARCHAR ( 255 ), State VARCHAR ( 255 ) );
|
||
INSERT INTO Person ( PersonId, LastName, FirstName )
|
||
VALUES
|
||
( 1, 'Wang', 'Allen' );
|
||
INSERT INTO Address ( AddressId, PersonId, City, State )
|
||
VALUES
|
||
( 1, 2, 'New York City', 'New York' );
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Solution
|
||
|
||
涉及到 Person 和 Address 两个表，在对这两个表执行连接操作时，因为要保留 Person 表中的信息，即使在 Address 表中没有关联的信息也要保留。此时可以用左外连接，将 Person 表放在 LEFT JOIN 的左边。
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
SELECT
|
||
FirstName,
|
||
LastName,
|
||
City,
|
||
State
|
||
FROM
|
||
Person P
|
||
LEFT JOIN Address A
|
||
ON P.PersonId = A.PersonId;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
# 181. Employees Earning More Than Their Managers
|
||
|
||
https://leetcode.com/problems/employees-earning-more-than-their-managers/description/
|
||
|
||
## Description
|
||
|
||
Employee 表：
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+----+-------+--------+-----------+
|
||
| Id | Name | Salary | ManagerId |
|
||
+----+-------+--------+-----------+
|
||
| 1 | Joe | 70000 | 3 |
|
||
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 4 |
|
||
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | NULL |
|
||
| 4 | Max | 90000 | NULL |
|
||
+----+-------+--------+-----------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
查找薪资大于其经理薪资的员工信息。
|
||
|
||
## SQL Schema
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
DROP TABLE
|
||
IF
|
||
EXISTS Employee;
|
||
CREATE TABLE Employee ( Id INT, NAME VARCHAR ( 255 ), Salary INT, ManagerId INT );
|
||
INSERT INTO Employee ( Id, NAME, Salary, ManagerId )
|
||
VALUES
|
||
( 1, 'Joe', 70000, 3 ),
|
||
( 2, 'Henry', 80000, 4 ),
|
||
( 3, 'Sam', 60000, NULL ),
|
||
( 4, 'Max', 90000, NULL );
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Solution
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
SELECT
|
||
E1.NAME AS Employee
|
||
FROM
|
||
Employee E1
|
||
INNER JOIN Employee E2
|
||
ON E1.ManagerId = E2.Id
|
||
AND E1.Salary > E2.Salary;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
# 183. Customers Who Never Order
|
||
|
||
https://leetcode.com/problems/customers-who-never-order/description/
|
||
|
||
## Description
|
||
|
||
Customers 表：
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+----+-------+
|
||
| Id | Name |
|
||
+----+-------+
|
||
| 1 | Joe |
|
||
| 2 | Henry |
|
||
| 3 | Sam |
|
||
| 4 | Max |
|
||
+----+-------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Orders 表：
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+----+------------+
|
||
| Id | CustomerId |
|
||
+----+------------+
|
||
| 1 | 3 |
|
||
| 2 | 1 |
|
||
+----+------------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
查找没有订单的顾客信息：
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+-----------+
|
||
| Customers |
|
||
+-----------+
|
||
| Henry |
|
||
| Max |
|
||
+-----------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## SQL Schema
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
DROP TABLE
|
||
IF
|
||
EXISTS Customers;
|
||
CREATE TABLE Customers ( Id INT, NAME VARCHAR ( 255 ) );
|
||
DROP TABLE
|
||
IF
|
||
EXISTS Orders;
|
||
CREATE TABLE Orders ( Id INT, CustomerId INT );
|
||
INSERT INTO Customers ( Id, NAME )
|
||
VALUES
|
||
( 1, 'Joe' ),
|
||
( 2, 'Henry' ),
|
||
( 3, 'Sam' ),
|
||
( 4, 'Max' );
|
||
INSERT INTO Orders ( Id, CustomerId )
|
||
VALUES
|
||
( 1, 3 ),
|
||
( 2, 1 );
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Solution
|
||
|
||
左外链接
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
SELECT
|
||
C.Name AS Customers
|
||
FROM
|
||
Customers C
|
||
LEFT JOIN Orders O
|
||
ON C.Id = O.CustomerId
|
||
WHERE
|
||
O.CustomerId IS NULL;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
子查询
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
SELECT
|
||
Name AS Customers
|
||
FROM
|
||
Customers
|
||
WHERE
|
||
Id NOT IN ( SELECT CustomerId FROM Orders );
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
# 184. Department Highest Salary
|
||
|
||
https://leetcode.com/problems/department-highest-salary/description/
|
||
|
||
## Description
|
||
|
||
Employee 表：
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
|
||
| Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
|
||
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
|
||
| 1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 |
|
||
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
|
||
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
|
||
| 4 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
|
||
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Department 表：
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+----+----------+
|
||
| Id | Name |
|
||
+----+----------+
|
||
| 1 | IT |
|
||
| 2 | Sales |
|
||
+----+----------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
查找一个 Department 中收入最高者的信息：
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+------------+----------+--------+
|
||
| Department | Employee | Salary |
|
||
+------------+----------+--------+
|
||
| IT | Max | 90000 |
|
||
| Sales | Henry | 80000 |
|
||
+------------+----------+--------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## SQL Schema
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Employee;
|
||
CREATE TABLE Employee ( Id INT, NAME VARCHAR ( 255 ), Salary INT, DepartmentId INT );
|
||
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Department;
|
||
CREATE TABLE Department ( Id INT, NAME VARCHAR ( 255 ) );
|
||
INSERT INTO Employee ( Id, NAME, Salary, DepartmentId )
|
||
VALUES
|
||
( 1, 'Joe', 70000, 1 ),
|
||
( 2, 'Henry', 80000, 2 ),
|
||
( 3, 'Sam', 60000, 2 ),
|
||
( 4, 'Max', 90000, 1 );
|
||
INSERT INTO Department ( Id, NAME )
|
||
VALUES
|
||
( 1, 'IT' ),
|
||
( 2, 'Sales' );
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Solution
|
||
|
||
创建一个临时表，包含了部门员工的最大薪资。可以对部门进行分组，然后使用 MAX() 汇总函数取得最大薪资。
|
||
|
||
之后使用连接找到一个部门中薪资等于临时表中最大薪资的员工。
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
SELECT
|
||
D.NAME Department,
|
||
E.NAME Employee,
|
||
E.Salary
|
||
FROM
|
||
Employee E,
|
||
Department D,
|
||
( SELECT DepartmentId, MAX( Salary ) Salary FROM Employee GROUP BY DepartmentId ) M
|
||
WHERE
|
||
E.DepartmentId = D.Id
|
||
AND E.DepartmentId = M.DepartmentId
|
||
AND E.Salary = M.Salary;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
# 176. Second Highest Salary
|
||
|
||
https://leetcode.com/problems/second-highest-salary/description/
|
||
|
||
## Description
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+----+--------+
|
||
| Id | Salary |
|
||
+----+--------+
|
||
| 1 | 100 |
|
||
| 2 | 200 |
|
||
| 3 | 300 |
|
||
+----+--------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
查找工资第二高的员工。
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+---------------------+
|
||
| SecondHighestSalary |
|
||
+---------------------+
|
||
| 200 |
|
||
+---------------------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
没有找到返回 null 而不是不返回数据。
|
||
|
||
## SQL Schema
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
DROP TABLE
|
||
IF
|
||
EXISTS Employee;
|
||
CREATE TABLE Employee ( Id INT, Salary INT );
|
||
INSERT INTO Employee ( Id, Salary )
|
||
VALUES
|
||
( 1, 100 ),
|
||
( 2, 200 ),
|
||
( 3, 300 );
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Solution
|
||
|
||
为了在没有查找到数据时返回 null，需要在查询结果外面再套一层 SELECT。
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
SELECT
|
||
( SELECT DISTINCT Salary FROM Employee ORDER BY Salary DESC LIMIT 1, 1 ) SecondHighestSalary;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
# 177. Nth Highest Salary
|
||
|
||
## Description
|
||
|
||
查找工资第 N 高的员工。
|
||
|
||
## SQL Schema
|
||
|
||
同 176。
|
||
|
||
## Solution
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
CREATE FUNCTION getNthHighestSalary ( N INT ) RETURNS INT BEGIN
|
||
|
||
SET N = N - 1;
|
||
RETURN ( SELECT ( SELECT DISTINCT Salary FROM Employee ORDER BY Salary DESC LIMIT N, 1 ) );
|
||
|
||
END
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
# 178. Rank Scores
|
||
|
||
https://leetcode.com/problems/rank-scores/description/
|
||
|
||
## Description
|
||
|
||
得分表：
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+----+-------+
|
||
| Id | Score |
|
||
+----+-------+
|
||
| 1 | 3.50 |
|
||
| 2 | 3.65 |
|
||
| 3 | 4.00 |
|
||
| 4 | 3.85 |
|
||
| 5 | 4.00 |
|
||
| 6 | 3.65 |
|
||
+----+-------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
将得分排序，并统计排名。
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+-------+------+
|
||
| Score | Rank |
|
||
+-------+------+
|
||
| 4.00 | 1 |
|
||
| 4.00 | 1 |
|
||
| 3.85 | 2 |
|
||
| 3.65 | 3 |
|
||
| 3.65 | 3 |
|
||
| 3.50 | 4 |
|
||
+-------+------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## SQL Schema
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
DROP TABLE
|
||
IF
|
||
EXISTS Scores;
|
||
CREATE TABLE Scores ( Id INT, Score DECIMAL ( 3, 2 ) );
|
||
INSERT INTO Scores ( Id, Score )
|
||
VALUES
|
||
( 1, 3.5 ),
|
||
( 2, 3.65 ),
|
||
( 3, 4.0 ),
|
||
( 4, 3.85 ),
|
||
( 5, 4.0 ),
|
||
( 6, 3.65 );
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Solution
|
||
|
||
要统计某个 score 的排名，只要统计大于该 score 的 score 数量，然后加 1。
|
||
|
||
| score | 大于该 score 的 score 数量 | 排名 |
|
||
| :---: | :---: | :---: |
|
||
| 4.1 | 2 | 3 |
|
||
| 4.2 | 1 | 2 |
|
||
| 4.3 | 0 | 1 |
|
||
|
||
但是在本题中，相同的 score 只算一个排名：
|
||
|
||
| score | 排名 |
|
||
| :---: | :---: |
|
||
| 4.1 | 3 |
|
||
| 4.1 | 3 |
|
||
| 4.2 | 2 |
|
||
| 4.2 | 2 |
|
||
| 4.3 | 1 |
|
||
| 4.3 | 1 |
|
||
|
||
可以按 score 进行分组，将同一个分组中的 score 只当成一个。
|
||
|
||
但是如果分组字段只有 score 的话，那么相同的 score 最后的结果只会有一个，例如上面的 6 个记录最后只取出 3 个。
|
||
|
||
| score | 排名 |
|
||
| :---: | :---: |
|
||
| 4.1 | 3 |
|
||
| 4.2 | 2 |
|
||
| 4.3 | 1 |
|
||
|
||
所以在分组中需要加入 Id，每个记录显示一个结果。综上，需要使用 score 和 id 两个分组字段。
|
||
|
||
在下面的实现中，首先将 Scores 表根据 score 字段进行自连接，得到一个新表，然后在新表上对 id 和 score 进行分组。
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
SELECT
|
||
S1.score 'Score',
|
||
COUNT( DISTINCT S2.score ) 'Rank'
|
||
FROM
|
||
Scores S1
|
||
INNER JOIN Scores S2
|
||
ON S1.score <= S2.score
|
||
GROUP BY
|
||
S1.id, S1.score
|
||
ORDER BY
|
||
S1.score DESC;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
# 180. Consecutive Numbers
|
||
|
||
https://leetcode.com/problems/consecutive-numbers/description/
|
||
|
||
## Description
|
||
|
||
数字表：
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+----+-----+
|
||
| Id | Num |
|
||
+----+-----+
|
||
| 1 | 1 |
|
||
| 2 | 1 |
|
||
| 3 | 1 |
|
||
| 4 | 2 |
|
||
| 5 | 1 |
|
||
| 6 | 2 |
|
||
| 7 | 2 |
|
||
+----+-----+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
查找连续出现三次的数字。
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+-----------------+
|
||
| ConsecutiveNums |
|
||
+-----------------+
|
||
| 1 |
|
||
+-----------------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## SQL Schema
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
DROP TABLE
|
||
IF
|
||
EXISTS LOGS;
|
||
CREATE TABLE LOGS ( Id INT, Num INT );
|
||
INSERT INTO LOGS ( Id, Num )
|
||
VALUES
|
||
( 1, 1 ),
|
||
( 2, 1 ),
|
||
( 3, 1 ),
|
||
( 4, 2 ),
|
||
( 5, 1 ),
|
||
( 6, 2 ),
|
||
( 7, 2 );
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Solution
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
SELECT
|
||
DISTINCT L1.num ConsecutiveNums
|
||
FROM
|
||
Logs L1,
|
||
Logs L2,
|
||
Logs L3
|
||
WHERE L1.id = l2.id - 1
|
||
AND L2.id = L3.id - 1
|
||
AND L1.num = L2.num
|
||
AND l2.num = l3.num;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
# 626. Exchange Seats
|
||
|
||
https://leetcode.com/problems/exchange-seats/description/
|
||
|
||
## Description
|
||
|
||
seat 表存储着座位对应的学生。
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+---------+---------+
|
||
| id | student |
|
||
+---------+---------+
|
||
| 1 | Abbot |
|
||
| 2 | Doris |
|
||
| 3 | Emerson |
|
||
| 4 | Green |
|
||
| 5 | Jeames |
|
||
+---------+---------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
要求交换相邻座位的两个学生，如果最后一个座位是奇数，那么不交换这个座位上的学生。
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
+---------+---------+
|
||
| id | student |
|
||
+---------+---------+
|
||
| 1 | Doris |
|
||
| 2 | Abbot |
|
||
| 3 | Green |
|
||
| 4 | Emerson |
|
||
| 5 | Jeames |
|
||
+---------+---------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## SQL Schema
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
DROP TABLE
|
||
IF
|
||
EXISTS seat;
|
||
CREATE TABLE seat ( id INT, student VARCHAR ( 255 ) );
|
||
INSERT INTO seat ( id, student )
|
||
VALUES
|
||
( '1', 'Abbot' ),
|
||
( '2', 'Doris' ),
|
||
( '3', 'Emerson' ),
|
||
( '4', 'Green' ),
|
||
( '5', 'Jeames' );
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Solution
|
||
|
||
使用多个 union。
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
# 处理偶数 id，让 id 减 1
|
||
# 例如 2,4,6,... 变成 1,3,5,...
|
||
SELECT
|
||
s1.id - 1 AS id,
|
||
s1.student
|
||
FROM
|
||
seat s1
|
||
WHERE
|
||
s1.id MOD 2 = 0 UNION
|
||
# 处理奇数 id，让 id 加 1。但是如果最大的 id 为奇数，则不做处理
|
||
# 例如 1,3,5,... 变成 2,4,6,...
|
||
SELECT
|
||
s2.id + 1 AS id,
|
||
s2.student
|
||
FROM
|
||
seat s2
|
||
WHERE
|
||
s2.id MOD 2 = 1
|
||
AND s2.id != ( SELECT max( s3.id ) FROM seat s3 ) UNION
|
||
# 如果最大的 id 为奇数，单独取出这个数
|
||
SELECT
|
||
s4.id AS id,
|
||
s4.student
|
||
FROM
|
||
seat s4
|
||
WHERE
|
||
s4.id MOD 2 = 1
|
||
AND s4.id = ( SELECT max( s5.id ) FROM seat s5 )
|
||
ORDER BY
|
||
id;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
# 微信公众号
|
||
|
||
|
||
你可以在我的微信公众号后台与我交流。另外，公众号也提供了一份技术面试复习大纲，不仅系统整理了面试知识点，而且标注了各个知识点的重要程度，从而帮你理清多而杂的面试知识点，后台回复 "大纲" 即可领取。我基本是按照这个大纲来进行复习的，对我拿到了 BAT 头条等 Offer 起到很大的帮助。你们完全可以和我一样根据大纲上列的知识点来进行复习，就不用看很多不重要的内容，也可以知道哪些内容很重要从而多安排一些复习时间。公众号也提供了该项目的离线阅读版本，后台回复 "下载" 即可领取。
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div align="center"><img width="580px" src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/other/公众号海报2.png"></img></div>
|