## 工厂方法(Factory Method)
### Intent
定义了一个创建对象的接口,但由子类决定要实例化哪个类。工厂方法把实例化操作推迟到子类。
### Class Diagram
在简单工厂中,创建对象的是另一个类,而在工厂方法中,是由子类来创建对象。
下图中,Factory 有一个 doSomething() 方法,这个方法需要用到一个产品对象,这个产品对象由 factoryMethod() 方法创建。该方法是抽象的,需要由子类去实现。
### Implementation
```java
public abstract class Factory {
abstract public Product factoryMethod();
public void doSomething() {
Product product = factoryMethod();
// do something with the product
}
}
```
```java
public class ConcreteFactory extends Factory {
public Product factoryMethod() {
return new ConcreteProduct();
}
}
```
```java
public class ConcreteFactory1 extends Factory {
public Product factoryMethod() {
return new ConcreteProduct1();
}
}
```
```java
public class ConcreteFactory2 extends Factory {
public Product factoryMethod() {
return new ConcreteProduct2();
}
}
```
### JDK
- [java.util.Calendar](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Calendar.html#getInstance--)
- [java.util.ResourceBundle](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/ResourceBundle.html#getBundle-java.lang.String-)
- [java.text.NumberFormat](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/text/NumberFormat.html#getInstance--)
- [java.nio.charset.Charset](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/nio/charset/Charset.html#forName-java.lang.String-)
- [java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/net/URLStreamHandlerFactory.html#createURLStreamHandler-java.lang.String-)
- [java.util.EnumSet](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/EnumSet.html#of-E-)
- [javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/javax/xml/bind/JAXBContext.html#createMarshaller--)