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+

目前的互联网是一种多层次 ISP 结构，ISP 根据覆盖面积的大小分为第一层 ISP、区域 ISP 和接入 ISP。互联网交换点 IXP 允许两个 ISP 直接相连而不用经过第三个 ISP。 -

+

## 主机之间的通信方式 - 客户-服务器（C/S）：客户是服务的请求方，服务器是服务的提供方。 +

+ - 对等（P2P）：不区分客户和服务器。 -

+

## 电路交换与分组交换 @@ -96,7 +98,7 @@ 总时延 = 排队时延 + 处理时延 + 传输时延 + 传播时延 -

+

### 1. 排队时延 @@ -124,11 +126,11 @@ ## 计算机网络体系结构 -

+

### 1. 五层协议 -- **应用层** ：为特定应用程序提供数据传输服务，例如 HTTP、DNS 等。数据单位为报文。 +- **应用层** ：为特定应用程序提供数据传输服务，例如 HTTP、DNS 等协议。数据单位为报文。 - **传输层** ：为进程提供通用数据传输服务。由于应用层协议很多，定义通用的传输层协议就可以支持不断增多的应用层协议。运输层包括两种协议：传输控制协议 TCP，提供面向连接、可靠的数据传输服务，数据单位为报文段；用户数据报协议 UDP，提供无连接、尽最大努力的数据传输服务，数据单位为用户数据报。TCP 主要提供完整性服务，UDP 主要提供及时性服务。 @@ -154,7 +156,7 @@ TCP/IP 体系结构不严格遵循 OSI 分层概念，应用层可能会直接使用 IP 层或者网络接口层。 -

+

### 4. 数据在各层之间的传递过程 diff --git a/docs/pics/11_200.png b/docs/pics/11_200.png index 42966322..fb540dd0 100644 Binary files a/docs/pics/11_200.png and b/docs/pics/11_200.png differ diff --git a/docs/pics/1_200.png b/docs/pics/1_200.png index c6dc2bb5..2c63d077 100644 Binary files a/docs/pics/1_200.png and b/docs/pics/1_200.png differ diff --git a/docs/pics/2_200.png b/docs/pics/2_200.png index c292d4ef..2d65f046 100644 Binary files a/docs/pics/2_200.png and b/docs/pics/2_200.png differ diff --git a/docs/pics/2_2001550810366269.png b/docs/pics/2_2001550810366269.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2d65f046 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/pics/2_2001550810366269.png differ diff --git a/docs/pics/3_200.png b/docs/pics/3_200.png index a35b29e4..3a298036 100644 Binary files a/docs/pics/3_200.png and b/docs/pics/3_200.png differ diff --git a/docs/pics/3_2001550810442775.png b/docs/pics/3_2001550810442775.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3a298036 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/pics/3_2001550810442775.png differ diff --git a/docs/pics/4_2001550810732828.png b/docs/pics/4_2001550810732828.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..134cfb6b Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/pics/4_2001550810732828.png differ diff --git a/docs/pics/5_200.png b/docs/pics/5_200.png index 858a456f..f2f98c43 100644 Binary files a/docs/pics/5_200.png and b/docs/pics/5_200.png differ diff --git a/docs/pics/5_2001550810982206.png b/docs/pics/5_2001550810982206.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f2f98c43 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/pics/5_2001550810982206.png differ diff --git a/docs/pics/6_2001550811175246.png b/docs/pics/6_2001550811175246.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5d124af2 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/pics/6_2001550811175246.png differ diff --git a/docs/pics/7_2001550811502556.png b/docs/pics/7_2001550811502556.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..41da48f5 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/pics/7_2001550811502556.png differ diff --git a/docs/pics/8_200.png b/docs/pics/8_200.png index af9d663a..966bd4e2 100644 Binary files a/docs/pics/8_200.png and b/docs/pics/8_200.png differ diff --git a/docs/pics/8_2001550812038190.png b/docs/pics/8_2001550812038190.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..966bd4e2 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/pics/8_2001550812038190.png differ diff --git a/docs/pics/9_200.png b/docs/pics/9_200.png index 4cf0f56d..029f1039 100644 Binary files a/docs/pics/9_200.png and b/docs/pics/9_200.png differ