2019-11-02 22:11:39 +08:00
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## 装饰(Decorator)
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### Intent
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为对象动态添加功能。
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### Class Diagram
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装饰者(Decorator)和具体组件(ConcreteComponent)都继承自组件(Component),具体组件的方法实现不需要依赖于其它对象,而装饰者组合了一个组件,这样它可以装饰其它装饰者或者具体组件。所谓装饰,就是把这个装饰者套在被装饰者之上,从而动态扩展被装饰者的功能。装饰者的方法有一部分是自己的,这属于它的功能,然后调用被装饰者的方法实现,从而也保留了被装饰者的功能。可以看到,具体组件应当是装饰层次的最低层,因为只有具体组件的方法实现不需要依赖于其它对象。
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2019-12-06 10:11:23 +08:00
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<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/6b833bc2-517a-4270-8a5e-0a5f6df8cd96.png"/> </div><br>
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2019-11-02 22:11:39 +08:00
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### Implementation
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设计不同种类的饮料,饮料可以添加配料,比如可以添加牛奶,并且支持动态添加新配料。每增加一种配料,该饮料的价格就会增加,要求计算一种饮料的价格。
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下图表示在 DarkRoast 饮料上新增新添加 Mocha 配料,之后又添加了 Whip 配料。DarkRoast 被 Mocha 包裹,Mocha 又被 Whip 包裹。它们都继承自相同父类,都有 cost() 方法,外层类的 cost() 方法调用了内层类的 cost() 方法。
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2019-12-06 10:11:23 +08:00
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<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/c9cfd600-bc91-4f3a-9f99-b42f88a5bb24.jpg" width="600"/> </div><br>
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2019-11-02 22:11:39 +08:00
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```java
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public interface Beverage {
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double cost();
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}
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```
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```java
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public class DarkRoast implements Beverage {
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@Override
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public double cost() {
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return 1;
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}
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}
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```
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```java
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public class HouseBlend implements Beverage {
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@Override
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public double cost() {
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return 1;
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}
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}
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```
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```java
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public abstract class CondimentDecorator implements Beverage {
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protected Beverage beverage;
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}
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```
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```java
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public class Milk extends CondimentDecorator {
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public Milk(Beverage beverage) {
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this.beverage = beverage;
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}
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@Override
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public double cost() {
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return 1 + beverage.cost();
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}
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}
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```
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```java
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public class Mocha extends CondimentDecorator {
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public Mocha(Beverage beverage) {
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this.beverage = beverage;
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}
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@Override
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public double cost() {
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return 1 + beverage.cost();
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}
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}
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```
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```java
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public class Client {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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Beverage beverage = new HouseBlend();
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beverage = new Mocha(beverage);
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beverage = new Milk(beverage);
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System.out.println(beverage.cost());
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}
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}
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```
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```html
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3.0
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```
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### 设计原则
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类应该对扩展开放,对修改关闭:也就是添加新功能时不需要修改代码。饮料可以动态添加新的配料,而不需要去修改饮料的代码。
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不可能把所有的类设计成都满足这一原则,应当把该原则应用于最有可能发生改变的地方。
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### JDK
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- java.io.BufferedInputStream(InputStream)
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- java.io.DataInputStream(InputStream)
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- java.io.BufferedOutputStream(OutputStream)
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- java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream(OutputStream)
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- java.util.Collections#checked[List|Map|Set|SortedSet|SortedMap]()
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