CS-Notes/docs/notes/Leetcode 题解 - 栈和队列.md

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* [1. 用栈实现队列](#1-用栈实现队列)
* [2. 用队列实现栈](#2-用队列实现栈)
* [3. 最小值栈](#3-最小值栈)
* [4. 用栈实现括号匹配](#4-用栈实现括号匹配)
* [5. 数组中元素与下一个比它大的元素之间的距离](#5-数组中元素与下一个比它大的元素之间的距离)
* [6. 循环数组中比当前元素大的下一个元素](#6-循环数组中比当前元素大的下一个元素)
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# 1. 用栈实现队列
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[232. Implement Queue using Stacks (Easy)](https://leetcode.com/problems/implement-queue-using-stacks/description/)
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栈的顺序为后进先出,而队列的顺序为先进先出。使用两个栈实现队列,一个元素需要经过两个栈才能出队列,在经过第一个栈时元素顺序被反转,经过第二个栈时再次被反转,此时就是先进先出顺序。
```java
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class MyQueue {
private Stack<Integer> in = new Stack<>();
private Stack<Integer> out = new Stack<>();
public void push(int x) {
in.push(x);
}
public int pop() {
in2out();
return out.pop();
}
public int peek() {
in2out();
return out.peek();
}
private void in2out() {
if (out.isEmpty()) {
while (!in.isEmpty()) {
out.push(in.pop());
}
}
}
public boolean empty() {
return in.isEmpty() && out.isEmpty();
}
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}
```
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# 2. 用队列实现栈
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[225. Implement Stack using Queues (Easy)](https://leetcode.com/problems/implement-stack-using-queues/description/)
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在将一个元素 x 插入队列时,为了维护原来的后进先出顺序,需要让 x 插入队列首部。而队列的默认插入顺序是队列尾部,因此在将 x 插入队列尾部之后,需要让除了 x 之外的所有元素出队列,再入队列。
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```java
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class MyStack {
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private Queue<Integer> queue;
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public MyStack() {
queue = new LinkedList<>();
}
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public void push(int x) {
queue.add(x);
int cnt = queue.size();
while (cnt-- > 1) {
queue.add(queue.poll());
}
}
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public int pop() {
return queue.remove();
}
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public int top() {
return queue.peek();
}
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public boolean empty() {
return queue.isEmpty();
}
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}
```
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# 3. 最小值栈
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[155. Min Stack (Easy)](https://leetcode.com/problems/min-stack/description/)
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```java
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class MinStack {
private Stack<Integer> dataStack;
private Stack<Integer> minStack;
private int min;
public MinStack() {
dataStack = new Stack<>();
minStack = new Stack<>();
min = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
}
public void push(int x) {
dataStack.add(x);
min = Math.min(min, x);
minStack.add(min);
}
public void pop() {
dataStack.pop();
minStack.pop();
min = minStack.isEmpty() ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : minStack.peek();
}
public int top() {
return dataStack.peek();
}
public int getMin() {
return minStack.peek();
}
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}
```
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对于实现最小值队列问题,可以先将队列使用栈来实现,然后就将问题转换为最小值栈,这个问题出现在 编程之美3.7。
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# 4. 用栈实现括号匹配
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[20. Valid Parentheses (Easy)](https://leetcode.com/problems/valid-parentheses/description/)
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```html
"()[]{}"
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Output : true
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```
```java
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public boolean isValid(String s) {
Stack<Character> stack = new Stack<>();
for (char c : s.toCharArray()) {
if (c == '(' || c == '{' || c == '[') {
stack.push(c);
} else {
if (stack.isEmpty()) {
return false;
}
char cStack = stack.pop();
boolean b1 = c == ')' && cStack != '(';
boolean b2 = c == ']' && cStack != '[';
boolean b3 = c == '}' && cStack != '{';
if (b1 || b2 || b3) {
return false;
}
}
}
return stack.isEmpty();
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}
```
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# 5. 数组中元素与下一个比它大的元素之间的距离
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[739. Daily Temperatures (Medium)](https://leetcode.com/problems/daily-temperatures/description/)
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```html
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Input: [73, 74, 75, 71, 69, 72, 76, 73]
Output: [1, 1, 4, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0]
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```
在遍历数组时用栈把数组中的数存起来,如果当前遍历的数比栈顶元素来的大,说明栈顶元素的下一个比它大的数就是当前元素。
```java
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public int[] dailyTemperatures(int[] temperatures) {
int n = temperatures.length;
int[] dist = new int[n];
Stack<Integer> indexs = new Stack<>();
for (int curIndex = 0; curIndex < n; curIndex++) {
while (!indexs.isEmpty() && temperatures[curIndex] > temperatures[indexs.peek()]) {
int preIndex = indexs.pop();
dist[preIndex] = curIndex - preIndex;
}
indexs.add(curIndex);
}
return dist;
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}
```
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# 6. 循环数组中比当前元素大的下一个元素
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[503. Next Greater Element II (Medium)](https://leetcode.com/problems/next-greater-element-ii/description/)
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```text
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Input: [1,2,1]
Output: [2,-1,2]
Explanation: The first 1's next greater number is 2;
The number 2 can't find next greater number;
The second 1's next greater number needs to search circularly, which is also 2.
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```
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与 739. Daily Temperatures (Medium) 不同的是,数组是循环数组,并且最后要求的不是距离而是下一个元素。
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```java
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public int[] nextGreaterElements(int[] nums) {
int n = nums.length;
int[] next = new int[n];
Arrays.fill(next, -1);
Stack<Integer> pre = new Stack<>();
for (int i = 0; i < n * 2; i++) {
int num = nums[i % n];
while (!pre.isEmpty() && nums[pre.peek()] < num) {
next[pre.pop()] = num;
}
if (i < n){
pre.push(i);
}
}
return next;
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}
```
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# 和我交流
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