CS-Notes/docs/notes/29. 顺时针打印矩阵.md

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# 29. 顺时针打印矩阵
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## 题目链接
[牛客网](https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/9b4c81a02cd34f76be2659fa0d54342a?tpId=13&tqId=11172&tPage=1&rp=1&ru=/ta/coding-interviews&qru=/ta/coding-interviews/question-ranking&from=cyc_github)
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## 题目描述
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按顺时针的方向从外到里打印矩阵的值下图的矩阵打印结果为1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 15, 14, 13, 9, 5, 6, 7, 11, 10
<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/image-20201104010349296.png" width="300px"> </div><br>
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## 解题思路
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一层一层从外到里打印观察可知每一层打印都有相同的处理步骤唯一不同的是上下左右的边界不同了因此使用四个变量 r1, r2, c1, c2 分别存储上下左右边界值从而定义当前最外层打印当前最外层的顺序从左到右打印最上一行->从上到下打印最右一行->从右到左打印最下一行->从下到上打印最左一行应当注意只有在 r1 != r2 时才打印最下一行也就是在当前最外层的行数大于 1 时才打印最下一行这是因为当前最外层只有一行时继续打印最下一行会导致重复打印打印最左一行也要做同样处理
<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/image-20201104010609223.png" width="500px"> </div><br>
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```java
public ArrayList<Integer> printMatrix(int[][] matrix) {
ArrayList<Integer> ret = new ArrayList<>();
int r1 = 0, r2 = matrix.length - 1, c1 = 0, c2 = matrix[0].length - 1;
while (r1 <= r2 && c1 <= c2) {
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// 上
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for (int i = c1; i <= c2; i++)
ret.add(matrix[r1][i]);
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// 右
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for (int i = r1 + 1; i <= r2; i++)
ret.add(matrix[i][c2]);
if (r1 != r2)
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// 下
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for (int i = c2 - 1; i >= c1; i--)
ret.add(matrix[r2][i]);
if (c1 != c2)
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// 左
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for (int i = r2 - 1; i > r1; i--)
ret.add(matrix[i][c1]);
r1++; r2--; c1++; c2--;
}
return ret;
}
```
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<div align="center"><img width="320px" src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/githubio/公众号二维码-2.png"></img></div>