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<!-- GFM - TOC -->
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* [1. 分配饼干 ](#1-分配饼干 )
* [2. 不重叠的区间个数 ](#2-不重叠的区间个数 )
* [3. 投飞镖刺破气球 ](#3-投飞镖刺破气球 )
* [3. 根据身高和序号重组队列 ](#3-根据身高和序号重组队列 )
* [4. 买卖股票最大的收益 ](#4-买卖股票最大的收益 )
* [5. 买卖股票的最大收益 II ](#5-买卖股票的最大收益-ii )
* [6. 种植花朵 ](#6-种植花朵 )
* [7. 判断是否为子序列 ](#7-判断是否为子序列 )
* [8. 修改一个数成为非递减数组 ](#8-修改一个数成为非递减数组 )
* [9. 子数组最大的和 ](#9-子数组最大的和 )
* [10. 分隔字符串使同种字符出现在一起 ](#10-分隔字符串使同种字符出现在一起 )
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<!-- GFM - TOC -->
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保证每次操作都是局部最优的,并且最后得到的结果是全局最优的。
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# 1. 分配饼干
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[455. Assign Cookies (Easy) ](https://leetcode.com/problems/assign-cookies/description/ )
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```html
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Input: [1,2], [1,2,3]
Output: 2
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Explanation: You have 2 children and 3 cookies. The greed factors of 2 children are 1, 2.
You have 3 cookies and their sizes are big enough to gratify all of the children,
You need to output 2.
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```
题目描述:每个孩子都有一个满足度,每个饼干都有一个大小,只有饼干的大小大于等于一个孩子的满足度,该孩子才会获得满足。求解最多可以获得满足的孩子数量。
给一个孩子的饼干应当尽量小又能满足该孩子,这样大饼干就能拿来给满足度比较大的孩子。因为最小的孩子最容易得到满足,所以先满足最小的孩子。
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证明:假设在某次选择中,贪心策略选择给当前满足度最小的孩子分配第 m 个饼干,第 m 个饼干为可以满足该孩子的最小饼干。假设存在一种最优策略,给该孩子分配第 n 个饼干,并且 m < n 。 我们可以发现 , 经过这一轮分配 , 贪心策略分配后剩下的饼干一定有一个比最优策略来得大 。 因此在后续的分配中 , 贪心策略一定能满足更多的孩子 。 也就是说不存在比贪心策略更优的策略 , 即贪心策略就是最优策略 。
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```java
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public int findContentChildren(int[] g, int[] s) {
Arrays.sort(g);
Arrays.sort(s);
int gi = 0, si = 0;
while (gi < g.length & & si < s . length ) {
if (g[gi] < = s[si]) {
gi++;
}
si++;
}
return gi;
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}
```
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# 2. 不重叠的区间个数
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[435. Non-overlapping Intervals (Medium) ](https://leetcode.com/problems/non-overlapping-intervals/description/ )
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```html
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Input: [ [1,2], [1,2], [1,2] ]
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Output: 2
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Explanation: You need to remove two [1,2] to make the rest of intervals non-overlapping.
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```
```html
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Input: [ [1,2], [2,3] ]
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Output: 0
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Explanation: You don't need to remove any of the intervals since they're already non-overlapping.
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```
题目描述:计算让一组区间不重叠所需要移除的区间个数。
先计算最多能组成的不重叠区间个数,然后用区间总个数减去不重叠区间的个数。
在每次选择中,区间的结尾最为重要,选择的区间结尾越小,留给后面的区间的空间越大,那么后面能够选择的区间个数也就越大。
按区间的结尾进行排序,每次选择结尾最小,并且和前一个区间不重叠的区间。
```java
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public int eraseOverlapIntervals(Interval[] intervals) {
if (intervals.length == 0) {
return 0;
}
Arrays.sort(intervals, Comparator.comparingInt(o -> o.end));
int cnt = 1;
int end = intervals[0].end;
for (int i = 1; i < intervals.length ; i + + ) {
if (intervals[i].start < end ) {
continue;
}
end = intervals[i].end;
cnt++;
}
return intervals.length - cnt;
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}
```
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使用 lambda 表示式创建 Comparator 会导致算法运行时间过长,如果注重运行时间,可以修改为普通创建 Comparator 语句:
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```java
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Arrays.sort(intervals, new Comparator< Interval > () {
@Override
public int compare(Interval o1, Interval o2) {
return o1.end - o2.end;
}
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});
```
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# 3. 投飞镖刺破气球
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[452. Minimum Number of Arrows to Burst Balloons (Medium) ](https://leetcode.com/problems/minimum-number-of-arrows-to-burst-balloons/description/ )
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```
Input:
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[[10,16], [2,8], [1,6], [7,12]]
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Output:
2
```
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题目描述:气球在一个水平数轴上摆放,可以重叠,飞镖垂直投向坐标轴,使得路径上的气球都被刺破。求解最小的投飞镖次数使所有气球都被刺破。
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也是计算不重叠的区间个数,不过和 Non-overlapping Intervals 的区别在于,[1, 2] 和 [2, 3] 在本题中算是重叠区间。
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```java
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public int findMinArrowShots(int[][] points) {
if (points.length == 0) {
return 0;
}
Arrays.sort(points, Comparator.comparingInt(o -> o[1]));
int cnt = 1, end = points[0][1];
for (int i = 1; i < points.length ; i + + ) {
if (points[i][0] < = end) {
continue;
}
cnt++;
end = points[i][1];
}
return cnt;
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}
```
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# 3. 根据身高和序号重组队列
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[406. Queue Reconstruction by Height(Medium) ](https://leetcode.com/problems/queue-reconstruction-by-height/description/ )
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```html
Input:
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[[7,0], [4,4], [7,1], [5,0], [6,1], [5,2]]
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Output:
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[[5,0], [7,0], [5,2], [6,1], [4,4], [7,1]]
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```
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题目描述:一个学生用两个分量 (h, k) 描述, h 表示身高, k 表示排在前面的有 k 个学生的身高比他高或者和他一样高。
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为了使插入操作不影响后续的操作,身高较高的学生应该先做插入操作,否则身高较小的学生原先正确插入的第 k 个位置可能会变成第 k+1 个位置。
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身高 h 降序、个数 k 值升序,然后将某个学生插入队列的第 k 个位置中。
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```java
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public int[][] reconstructQueue(int[][] people) {
if (people == null || people.length == 0 || people[0].length == 0) {
return new int[0][0];
}
Arrays.sort(people, (a, b) -> (a[0] == b[0] ? a[1] - b[1] : b[0] - a[0]));
List< int [ ] > queue = new ArrayList< >();
for (int[] p : people) {
queue.add(p[1], p);
}
return queue.toArray(new int[queue.size()][]);
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}
```
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# 4. 买卖股票最大的收益
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[121. Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock (Easy) ](https://leetcode.com/problems/best-time-to-buy-and-sell-stock/description/ )
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题目描述:一次股票交易包含买入和卖出,只进行一次交易,求最大收益。
只要记录前面的最小价格,将这个最小价格作为买入价格,然后将当前的价格作为售出价格,查看当前收益是不是最大收益。
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```java
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public int maxProfit(int[] prices) {
int n = prices.length;
if (n == 0) return 0;
int soFarMin = prices[0];
int max = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < n ; i + + ) {
if (soFarMin > prices[i]) soFarMin = prices[i];
else max = Math.max(max, prices[i] - soFarMin);
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}
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return max;
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}
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```
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# 5. 买卖股票的最大收益 II
[122. Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock II (Easy) ](https://leetcode.com/problems/best-time-to-buy-and-sell-stock-ii/description/ )
题目描述:可以进行多次交易,多次交易之间不能交叉进行,可以进行多次交易。
对于 [a, b, c, d],如果有 a < = b < = c < = d ,那么最大收益为 d - a。而 d - a = (d - c) + (c - b) + (b - a) ,因此当访问到一个 prices[i] 且 prices[i] - prices[i-1] > 0, 那么就把 prices[i] - prices[i-1] 添加到收益中。
```java
public int maxProfit(int[] prices) {
int profit = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < prices.length ; i + + ) {
if (prices[i] > prices[i - 1]) {
profit += (prices[i] - prices[i - 1]);
}
}
return profit;
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}
```
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# 6. 种植花朵
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[605. Can Place Flowers (Easy) ](https://leetcode.com/problems/can-place-flowers/description/ )
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```html
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Input: flowerbed = [1,0,0,0,1], n = 1
Output: True
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```
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题目描述: flowerbed 数组中 1 表示已经种下了花朵。花朵之间至少需要一个单位的间隔,求解是否能种下 n 朵花。
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```java
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public boolean canPlaceFlowers(int[] flowerbed, int n) {
int len = flowerbed.length;
int cnt = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < len & & cnt < n ; i + + ) {
if (flowerbed[i] == 1) {
continue;
}
int pre = i == 0 ? 0 : flowerbed[i - 1];
int next = i == len - 1 ? 0 : flowerbed[i + 1];
if (pre == 0 & & next == 0) {
cnt++;
flowerbed[i] = 1;
}
}
return cnt >= n;
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}
```
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# 7. 判断是否为子序列
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[392. Is Subsequence (Medium) ](https://leetcode.com/problems/is-subsequence/description/ )
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```html
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s = "abc", t = "ahbgdc"
Return true.
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```
```java
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public boolean isSubsequence(String s, String t) {
int index = -1;
for (char c : s.toCharArray()) {
index = t.indexOf(c, index + 1);
if (index == -1) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
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}
```
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# 8. 修改一个数成为非递减数组
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[665. Non-decreasing Array (Easy) ](https://leetcode.com/problems/non-decreasing-array/description/ )
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```html
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Input: [4,2,3]
Output: True
Explanation: You could modify the first 4 to 1 to get a non-decreasing array.
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```
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题目描述:判断一个数组是否能只修改一个数就成为非递减数组。
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在出现 nums[i] < nums [ i - 1 ] 时 , 需要考虑的是应该修改数组的哪个数 , 使得本次修改能使 i 之前的数组成为非递减数组 , 并且 **不影响后续的操作** 。 优先考虑令 nums [ i - 1 ] = nums [ i ], 因为如果修改 nums [ i ] = nums [ i - 1 ] 的话 , 那么 nums [ i ] 这个数会变大 , 就有可能比 nums [ i + 1 ] 大 , 从而影响了后续操作 。 还有一个比较特别的情况就是 nums [ i ] < nums [ i - 2 ], 修改 nums [ i - 1 ] = nums [ i ] 不能使数组成为非递减数组 , 只能修改 nums [ i ] = nums [ i - 1 ]。
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```java
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public boolean checkPossibility(int[] nums) {
int cnt = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < nums.length & & cnt < 2 ; i + + ) {
if (nums[i] >= nums[i - 1]) {
continue;
}
cnt++;
if (i - 2 >= 0 & & nums[i - 2] > nums[i]) {
nums[i] = nums[i - 1];
} else {
nums[i - 1] = nums[i];
}
}
return cnt < = 1;
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}
```
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# 9. 子数组最大的和
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[53. Maximum Subarray (Easy) ](https://leetcode.com/problems/maximum-subarray/description/ )
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```html
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For example, given the array [-2,1,-3,4,-1,2,1,-5,4],
the contiguous subarray [4,-1,2,1] has the largest sum = 6.
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```
```java
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public int maxSubArray(int[] nums) {
if (nums == null || nums.length == 0) {
return 0;
}
int preSum = nums[0];
int maxSum = preSum;
for (int i = 1; i < nums.length ; i + + ) {
preSum = preSum > 0 ? preSum + nums[i] : nums[i];
maxSum = Math.max(maxSum, preSum);
}
return maxSum;
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}
```
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# 10. 分隔字符串使同种字符出现在一起
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[763. Partition Labels (Medium) ](https://leetcode.com/problems/partition-labels/description/ )
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```html
Input: S = "ababcbacadefegdehijhklij"
Output: [9,7,8]
Explanation:
The partition is "ababcbaca", "defegde", "hijhklij".
This is a partition so that each letter appears in at most one part.
A partition like "ababcbacadefegde", "hijhklij" is incorrect, because it splits S into less parts.
```
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```java
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public List< Integer > partitionLabels(String S) {
int[] lastIndexsOfChar = new int[26];
for (int i = 0; i < S.length ( ) ; i + + ) {
lastIndexsOfChar[char2Index(S.charAt(i))] = i;
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}
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List< Integer > partitions = new ArrayList< >();
int firstIndex = 0;
while (firstIndex < S.length ( ) ) {
int lastIndex = firstIndex;
for (int i = firstIndex; i < S.length ( ) & & i < = lastIndex ; i + + ) {
int index = lastIndexsOfChar[char2Index(S.charAt(i))];
if (index > lastIndex) {
lastIndex = index;
}
}
partitions.add(lastIndex - firstIndex + 1);
firstIndex = lastIndex + 1;
}
return partitions;
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}
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private int char2Index(char c) {
return c - 'a';
}
```
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