2019-11-02 12:07:41 +08:00
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# 6. 从尾到头打印链表
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2019-11-02 18:01:46 +08:00
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## 题目链接
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[牛客网](https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/d0267f7f55b3412ba93bd35cfa8e8035?tpId=13&tqId=11156&tPage=1&rp=1&ru=/ta/coding-interviews&qru=/ta/coding-interviews/question-ranking&from=cyc_github)
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2019-11-02 12:07:41 +08:00
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## 题目描述
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从尾到头反过来打印出每个结点的值。
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2019-12-06 01:04:29 +08:00
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<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/f5792051-d9b2-4ca4-a234-a4a2de3d5a57.png" width="300px"> </div><br>
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2019-11-02 12:07:41 +08:00
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## 解题思路
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2019-11-02 18:01:46 +08:00
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### 1. 使用递归
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2019-11-02 12:07:41 +08:00
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要逆序打印链表 1->2->3(3,2,1),可以先逆序打印链表 2->3(3,2),最后再打印第一个节点 1。而链表 2->3 可以看成一个新的链表,要逆序打印该链表可以继续使用求解函数,也就是在求解函数中调用自己,这就是递归函数。
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```java
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public ArrayList<Integer> printListFromTailToHead(ListNode listNode) {
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ArrayList<Integer> ret = new ArrayList<>();
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if (listNode != null) {
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ret.addAll(printListFromTailToHead(listNode.next));
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ret.add(listNode.val);
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}
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return ret;
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}
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```
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2019-11-02 18:01:46 +08:00
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### 2. 使用头插法
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2019-11-03 09:34:33 +08:00
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头插法顾名思义是将节点插入到头部:在遍历原始链表时,将当前节点插入新链表的头部,使其成为第一个节点。
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2019-11-02 18:01:46 +08:00
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链表的操作需要维护后继关系,例如在某个节点 node1 之后插入一个节点 node2,我们可以通过修改后继关系来实现:
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```java
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node3 = node1.next;
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node2.next = node3;
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node1.next = node2;
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```
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2019-12-06 01:04:29 +08:00
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<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/58c8e370-3bec-4c2b-bf17-c8d34345dd17.gif" width="220px"> </div><br>
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2019-11-02 12:07:41 +08:00
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2019-11-02 21:22:13 +08:00
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为了能将一个节点插入头部,我们引入了一个叫头结点的辅助节点,该节点不存储值,只是为了方便进行插入操作。不要将头结点与第一个节点混起来,第一个节点是链表中第一个真正存储值的节点。
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2019-11-02 12:07:41 +08:00
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2019-12-06 01:04:29 +08:00
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<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/0dae7e93-cfd1-4bd3-97e8-325b032b716f-1572687622947.gif" width="420px"> </div><br>
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2019-11-02 12:07:41 +08:00
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```java
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public ArrayList<Integer> printListFromTailToHead(ListNode listNode) {
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// 头插法构建逆序链表
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ListNode head = new ListNode(-1);
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while (listNode != null) {
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ListNode memo = listNode.next;
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listNode.next = head.next;
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head.next = listNode;
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listNode = memo;
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}
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// 构建 ArrayList
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ArrayList<Integer> ret = new ArrayList<>();
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head = head.next;
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while (head != null) {
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ret.add(head.val);
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head = head.next;
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}
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return ret;
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}
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```
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2019-11-02 18:01:46 +08:00
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### 3. 使用栈
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2019-11-02 12:07:41 +08:00
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栈具有后进先出的特点,在遍历链表时将值按顺序放入栈中,最后出栈的顺序即为逆序。
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2019-12-06 01:04:29 +08:00
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<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/9d1deeba-4ae1-41dc-98f4-47d85b9831bc.gif" width="340px"> </div><br>
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2019-11-02 12:07:41 +08:00
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```java
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public ArrayList<Integer> printListFromTailToHead(ListNode listNode) {
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Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>();
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while (listNode != null) {
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stack.add(listNode.val);
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listNode = listNode.next;
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}
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ArrayList<Integer> ret = new ArrayList<>();
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while (!stack.isEmpty())
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ret.add(stack.pop());
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return ret;
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}
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```
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2019-11-02 14:39:13 +08:00
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2019-11-02 17:33:10 +08:00
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<div align="center"><img width="320px" src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/githubio/公众号二维码-2.png"></img></div>
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