#include"iostream" #include"cstdio" #include"cstring" #include"algorithm" #include"queue" #include"vector" using namespace std; const int ms=30010; vector v[ms]; struct cmp { bool operator()(const int &a,const int &b) {//从大到小 return a,cmp> q; for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) if(in[i]==0) q.push(i); int x,i; while(!q.empty()) { x=q.top(); q.pop(); ans[++cnt]=x; for(i=0;i>t; while(t--) { cin>>n>>m; for(i=0;i<=n;i++) v[i].clear(); memset(in,0,sizeof(in)); while(m--) { scanf("%d%d",&a,&b); v[b].push_back(a); in[a]++; } cnt=0; topo(); printf("%d",ans[cnt]); for(i=cnt-1;i>0;i--) { printf(" %d",ans[i]); } puts(""); } return 0; }